SYBT 10-Q Quarterly Report June 30, 2021

STOCK YARDS BANCORP, INC.

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sybt20210630_10q.htm

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 1-13661

STOCK YARDS BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kentucky		61-1137529
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1040 East Main Street , Louisville , Kentucky		40206
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( 502 ) 582-2571

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value	SYBT	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐		Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, no par value, as of July 30, 2021, was 26,586,530 .

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1. Financial Statements.		4

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	7

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.		64

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.		100

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.		100


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		101


Item 1. Legal Proceedings.		101

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.		102

Item 6. Exhibits.		102

Signatures		103

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

The acronyms and abbreviations identified in alphabetical order below are used throughout this Report on Form 10-Q:

Acronym or Term	Definition	Acronym or Term	Definition	Acronym or Term	Definition
ACH	Automatic Clearing House	EPS	Earnings Per Share	NIM	Net Interest Margin (FTE)
AFS	Available for Sale	ETR	Effective Tax Rate	NPV	Net Present Value
APIC	Additional paid-in capital	EVP	Executive Vice President	Net Interest Spread	Net Interest Spread (FTE)
ACL	Allowance for Credit Losses	FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board	NM	Not Meaningful
AOCI	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	FDIC	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	OAEM	Other Assets Especially Mentioned
ASC	Accounting Standards Codification	FFP	Federal Funds Purchased	OCI	Other Comprehensive Income
ASU	Accounting Standards Update	FFS	Federal Funds Sold	OREO	Other Real Estate Owned
ATM	Automated Teller Machine	FFTR	Federal Funds Target Rate	PPP	Paycheck Protection Program
AUM	Assets Under Management	FHA	Federal Housing Authority	PV	Present Value
Bancorp / the Company	Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc.	FHC	Financial Holding Company	PCD	Purchased with Credit Deteriorated
Bank / SYB	Stock Yards Bank & Trust Company	FHLB	Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati	PCI	Purchased Credit Impaired
BOLI	Bank Owned Life Insurance	FHLMC	Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	Prime	The Wall Street Journal Prime Interest Rate
BP	Basis Point - 1/100th of one percent	FICA	Federal Insurance Contributions Act	Provision	Provision for Credit Losses
C&D	Construction and Development	FNMA	Federal National Mortgage Association	PSU	Performance Stock Unit
Captive	SYB Insurance Company, Inc.	FRB	Federal Reserve Bank	ROA	Return on Average Assets
CARES Act	Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act	FTE	Fully Tax Equivalent	ROE	Return on Average Equity
C&I	Commercial and Industrial	GAAP	United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles	RSA	Restricted Stock Award
CD	Certificate of Deposit	GLB Act	Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act	RSU	Restricted Stock Unit
CDI	Core Deposit Intangible	GNMA	Government National Mortgage Association	SAB	Staff Accounting Bulletin
CECL	Current Expected Credit Loss (ASC-326)	HB	House Bill	SAR	Stock Appreciation Right
CEO	Chief Executive Officer	HELOC	Home Equity Line of Credit	SBA	Small Business Administration
CFO	Chief Financial Officer	ITM	Interactive Teller Machine	SEC	Securities and Exchange Commission
Commonwealth	Commonwealth Bancshares, Inc. and Commonwealth Bank & Trust	KB	Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. and Kentucky Bank	SSUAR	Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
COVID-19	Coronavirus Disease - 2019	KSB	King Bancorp, Inc. and King Southern Bank	SVP	Senior Vice President
CRA	Community Reinvestment Act	LIBOR	London Interbank Offered Rate	TBOC	The Bank Oldham County
CRE	Commercial Real Estate	Loans	Loans and Leases	TCE	Tangible Common Equity
Dodd-Frank Act	The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act	MBS	Mortgage Backed Securities	TDR	Troubled Debt Restructuring
DTA	Deferred Tax Asset	MSA	Metropolitan Statistical Area	TPS	Trust Preferred Securities
DTL	Deferred Tax Liability	MSRs	Mortgage Servicing Rights	VA	U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
DCF	Discounted Cash Flow	NASDAQ	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC	WM&T	Wealth Management and Trust

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

June 30, 2021 (unaudited) and December 31, 2020 (in thousands, except share data)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	58,477	$	43,179
Federal funds sold and interest bearing due from banks		481,716		274,766
Total cash and cash equivalents		540,193		317,945

Mortgage loans held for sale		5,420		22,547
Available for sale debt securities (amortized cost of $ 1,003,871 ) in 2021 and $ 574,722 in 2020, respectively)		1,006,908		586,978
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		14,475		11,284
Loans		4,206,392		3,531,596
Allowance for credit losses on loans		59,424		51,920
Net loans		4,146,968		3,479,676

Premises and equipment, net		77,639		58,015
Bank owned life insurance		52,526		33,250
Accrued interest receivable		15,262		13,094
Goodwill		136,529		12,513
Core deposit intangible		5,162		1,962
Other assets		86,990		71,365
Total assets	$	6,088,072	$	4,608,629

Liabilities
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	1,743,953	$	1,187,057
Interest bearing		3,516,153		2,801,577
Total deposits		5,260,106		3,988,634

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		63,942		47,979
Federal funds purchased		10,947		11,464
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		10,000		31,639
Accrued interest payable		630		391
Other liabilities		91,358		87,821
Total liabilities		5,436,983		4,167,928

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Footnote 11)		—		—

Stockholders ’ equity
Preferred stock, no par value. Authorized 1,000,000 shares; no shares issued or outstanding		—		—
Common stock, no par value. Authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 26,588,000 and 22,692,000 shares in 2021 and 2020, respectively		49,471		36,500
Additional paid-in capital		240,200		41,886
Retained earnings		359,628		353,574
Accumulated other comprehensive income		1,790		8,741
Total stockholders ’ equity		651,089		440,701
Total liabilities and stockholders ’ equity	$	6,088,072	$	4,608,629

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except per share data)

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	40,095	$	34,099	$	77,095	$	67,848
Federal funds sold and interest bearing due from banks		84		88		150		619
Mortgage loans held for sale		58		125		122		186
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		64		70		121		141
Securities available for sale:
Taxable		2,744		2,066		5,039		4,461
Tax-exempt		57		58		93		133
Total interest income		43,102		36,506		82,620		73,388
Interest expense
Deposits		1,435		2,607		2,945		6,569
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		5		8		10		24
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings		4		2		6		31
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		74		361		250		790
Total interest expense		1,518		2,978		3,211		7,414
Net interest income		41,584		33,528		79,409		65,974
Provision for credit losses		4,147		7,025		2,672		12,950
Net interest income after credit loss expense		37,437		26,503		76,737		53,024
Non-interest income
Wealth management and trust services		6,858		5,726		13,106		11,944
Deposit service charges		1,233		800		2,177		2,083
Debit and credit card income		3,284		2,063		5,557		4,043
Treasury management fees		1,730		1,249		3,270		2,533
Mortgage banking income		1,303		1,622		2,747		2,468
Net investment product sales commissions and fees		545		391		1,009		857
Bank owned life insurance		206		176		367		355
Other		629		595		1,399		875
Total non-interest income		15,788		12,622		29,632		25,158
Non-interest expenses
Compensation		15,680		11,763		28,507		23,996
Employee benefits		3,367		2,871		6,628		6,038
Net occupancy and equipment		2,244		2,037		4,289		3,868
Technology and communication		2,670		1,999		5,016		4,062
Debit and credit card processing		976		603		1,681		1,259
Marketing and business development		822		465		1,346		1,025
Postage, printing and supplies		460		442		869		883
Legal and professional		666		628		1,128		1,251
FDIC insurance		349		330		754		459
Amortization of investments in tax credit partnerships		231		53		262		89
Capital and deposit based taxes		527		1,225		985		2,255
Merger expenses		18,100		-		18,500		-
Federal Home Loan Bank early termination penalty		474		-		474		-
Other		1,611		993		2,711		1,799
Total non-interest expenses		48,177		23,409		73,150		46,984
Income before income tax expense		5,048		15,716		33,219		31,198
Income tax expense		864		2,348		6,325		4,598
Net income	$	4,184	$	13,368	$	26,894	$	26,600
Net income per share, basic	$	0.17	$	0.59	$	1.14	$	1.18
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.17	$	0.59	$	1.13	$	1.17
Weighted average outstanding shares
Basic		24,140		22,560		23,489		22,538
Diluted		24,379		22,739		23,731		22,737

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands)

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2021		2020		2021			2020
Net income	$	4,184	$	13,368	$	26,894		$	26,600
Other comprehensive income:
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on AFS debt securities		6,349		3,086		( 9,218	)		11,027
Change in fair value of derivatives used in cash flow hedge		40		28		83			( 318	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), before income tax expense		6,389		3,114		( 9,135	)		10,709
Tax effect		1,549		750		( 2,184	)		2,570
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		4,840		2,364		( 6,951	)		8,139
Comprehensive income	$	9,024	$	15,732	$	19,943		$	34,739

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS ’ EQUITY (unaudited)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except per share data)

													Accumulated
	Common stock						Additional						other			Total
	*Shares*						*paid-in*			*Retained*			*comprehensive*			*stockholders'*
	*outstanding*			*Amount*			*capital*			*earnings*			*income (loss)*			*Total*

Balance, January 1, 2021		22,692		$	36,500		$	41,886		$	353,574		$	8,741		$	440,701

Activity for three months ended March 31, 2021:
Net income		—			—			—			22,710			—			22,710
Other comprehensive loss		—			—			—			—			( 11,791	)		( 11,791	)
Stock compensation expense		—			—			849			—			—			849
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of withholdings to satisfy employee tax obligations		89			296			4,144			( 7,533	)		—			( 3,093	)
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.27 per share		—			—			—			( 6,144	)		—			( 6,144	)

Balance, March 31, 2021		22,781		$	36,796		$	46,879		$	362,607		$	( 3,050	)	$	443,232


Activity for three months ended June 30, 2021:
Net income		—			—			—			4,184			—			4,184
Other comprehensive income		—			—			—			—			4,840			4,840
Stock compensation expense		—			—			1,414			—			—			1,414
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of withholdings to satisfy employee tax obligations		—			( 2	)		( 26	)		( 45	)		—			( 73	)
Stock issued for KB acquisition		3,808			12,682			191,988			—			—			204,670
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.27 per share		—			—			—			( 7,178	)		—			( 7,178	)
Shares cancelled		( 1	)		( 5	)		( 55	)		60			—			—
Balance, June 30, 2021		26,588		$	49,471		$	240,200		$	359,628		$	1,790		$	651,089

Table of Contents

													Accumulated
	Common stock						Additional						other		Total
	*Shares*						*paid-in*			*Retained*			*comprehensive*		*stockholders'*
	*outstanding*			*Amount*			*capital*			*earnings*			*income*		*Total*

Balance, January 1, 2020		22,604		$	36,207		$	35,714		$	333,699		$	677	$	406,297

Activity for three months ended March 31, 2020:
Impact of adoption of ASC 326		—			—			—			( 8,823	)		—		( 8,823	)
Net income		—			—			—			13,232			—		13,232
Other comprehensive income (loss)		—			—			—			—			5,775		5,775
Stock compensation expense		—			—			817			—			—		817
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of witholdings to satisfy employee tax obligations		62			203			1,858			( 3,546	)		—		( 1,485	)
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.27 per share		—			—			—			( 6,111	)		—		( 6,111	)
Shares cancelled		( 1	)		( 2	)		( 22	)		24			—		—

Balance, March 31, 2020		22,665		$	36,408		$	38,367		$	328,475		$	6,452	$	409,702


Activity for three months ended June 30, 2020:
Net income		—			—			—			13,368			—		13,368
Other comprehensive income		—			—			—			—			2,364		2,364
Stock compensation expense		—			—			976			—			—		976
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of witholdings to satisfy employee tax obligations		2			8			96			( 163	)		—		( 59	)
Shares cancelled		—			( 1	)		( 14	)		15			—		—

Balance, June 30, 2020		22,667		$	36,415		$	39,425		$	335,575		$	8,816	$	420,231

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands)

	2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	26,894		$	26,600
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses		2,672			12,950
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net		4,888			2,815
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)		2,307			( 1,947	)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale		( 2,118	)		( 2,593	)
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale		( 119,431	)		( 103,509	)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale		141,747			97,486
Bank owned life insurance income		( 367	)		( 355	)
(Gain)/loss on the disposal of premises and equipment		41			( 209	)
Gain on the sale of other real estate owned		( 47	)		—
Stock compensation expense		2,263			1,793
Excess tax (benefit) expense from share-based compensation arrangements		( 1,150	)		3
Net change in accrued interest receivable and other assets		( 4,420	)		( 14,245	)
Net change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities		( 6,105	)		9,891
Net cash provided by operating activities		47,174			28,680
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of available for sale debt securities		( 204,228	)		( 192,713	)
Proceeds from sales of acquired available for sale debt securities		91,094			—
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of available for sale debt securities		80,122			189,047
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,881			—
Net change in non-PPP loans		( 158,253	)		12,616
Net change in PPP loans		235,864			( 630,082	)
Purchases of premises and equipment		( 1,752	)		( 2,526	)
Proceeds from sale or disposal of premises and equipment		—			1,222
Other investment activities		( 3,965	)		( 646	)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		261			—
Cash from acquisition, net of cash paid		24,981			—
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		68,005			( 623,082	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net change in deposits		232,255			593,179
Net change in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased		4,086			8,341
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances		20,000			60,000
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances		( 132,745	)		( 78,629	)
Share repurchases related to compensation plans		( 3,166	)		( 1,544	)
Cash dividends paid		( 13,361	)		( 12,275	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		107,069			569,072
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		222,248			( 25,330	)
Beginning cash and cash equivalents		317,945			249,724
Ending cash and cash equivalents	$	540,193		$	224,394

Table of Contents

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	2,971	$	7,583
Income taxes paid, net of refunds		13,359		418
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities		1,190		1,104
Supplemental non-cash activity:
Unfunded commitments in tax credit investments	$	5,766	$	5,503
Due to broker		1,985		-
Dividends payable		175		172
Loans transferred to OREO		30		-

Liabilities assumed in conjunction with acquisition:
Fair value of assets acquired	$	1,389,327
Consideration paid in acquisition		28,276
Common stock issued in acquisition		204,670
Total consideration paid		232,946
Liabilities assumed	$	1,156,381

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

( 1 )

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations – Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc. (“Bancorp” or “the Company”) is a FHC headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiaries, SYB (“the Bank”) and SYB Insurance Company, Inc. (“the Captive”). Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements of Bancorp and its subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with GAAP and adhere to predominant practices within the banking industry.

Established in 1904, SYB is a state-chartered non-member financial institution that provides services in Louisville, central, eastern and northern Kentucky, as well as the Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan markets through 63 full service banking center locations.

Bancorp is divided into two reportable segments: Commercial Banking and WM&T:

Commercial Banking provides a full range of loan and deposit products to individual consumers and businesses in all its markets through retail lending, mortgage banking, deposit services, online banking, mobile banking, private banking, commercial lending, treasury management services, merchant services, international banking, correspondent banking and other banking services. The Bank also offers securities brokerage services via its banking center network through an arrangement with a third party broker-dealer in the Commercial Banking segment.

WM&T provides investment management, financial & retirement planning and trust & estate services, as well as retirement plan management for businesses and corporations in all markets in which Bancorp operates. The magnitude of WM&T revenue distinguishes Bancorp from other community banks of similar asset size.

The Captive, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is a Nevada-based captive insurance company that provides insurance against certain risks unique to operations of the Company and its subsidiaries for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today’s insurance marketplace. The Captive pools resources with several other similar insurance company subsidiaries of financial institutions to spread a limited amount of risk among themselves. The Captive is subject to regulations of the State of Nevada and undergoes periodic examinations by the Nevada Division of Insurance. It has elected to be taxed under Section 831 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code. Pursuant to Section 831 (b), if gross premiums do not exceed $2,300,000, then the Captive is taxable solely on its investment income. The Captive is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its federal income tax return.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10 -Q and Rule 10 - 01 of Regulation S- X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10 -K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that require difficult, complex or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Estimates are susceptible to material changes as a result of changes in facts and circumstances. Facts and circumstances which could affect these judgments include, but are not limited to, changes in interest rates, changes in the performance of the economy, including pandemic-related changes, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers.

Bancorp’s accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the accounting policy considered the most critical in preparing Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements is the determination of the ACL on loans.

Effective January 1, 2020, Bancorp adopted ASC 326 “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ” which created material changes to Bancorp’s existing critical accounting policy that existed at December 31, 2019. Accounting policies relating to credit losses for investment securities, loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures reflect the current accounting policies required by this ASC.

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The ACL on loans is established through credit loss expense charged to current earnings. The amount maintained in the ACL reflects management’s estimate of the net amount not expected to be collected on the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date over the life of the loan. The ACL is comprised of specific reserves assigned to certain loans that do not share general risk characteristics and general reserves on pools of loans that do share general risk characteristics. Factors contributing to the determination of specific reserves include the creditworthiness of the borrower and more specifically, changes in the expected future receipt of principal and interest payments and/or in the value of pledged collateral. A specific reserve is recorded when the carrying amount of the loan exceeds the discounted estimated cash flows using the loan’s initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral for certain collateral-dependent loans.

For purposes of establishing the general reserve, Bancorp stratifies the loan portfolio into homogeneous groups of loans that possess similar loss potential characteristics and calculates the net amount expected to be collected over the life of the loans to estimate the credit losses in the loan portfolio. Bancorp’s methodologies for estimating the ACL on loans consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Accounting for Business Acquisitions – Bancorp accounts for acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method as outlined in ASC Topic 805, “ Business Combinations .” The acquisition method requires: a) identification of the entity that obtains control of the acquiree; b) determination of the acquisition date; c) recognition and measurement of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree; and d) recognition and measurement of goodwill or bargain purchase gain.

Identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in acquirees are generally recognized at their acquisition-date (“day-one”) fair values based on the requirements of ASC Topic 820, “ Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ” The measurement period for day- one fair values begins on the acquisition date and ends at the earlier of: (a) the day management believes it has all the information necessary to determine day- one fair values; or (b) one year following the acquisition date. In many cases, the determination of day- one fair values requires management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions and other future events that are highly complex and subjective in nature and subject to recast adjustments, which are retrospective adjustments to reflect new information existing at the acquisition date affecting day- one fair values. More specifically, these recast adjustments may be made, as market value data, such as valuations, are received by the Bank. Increases or decreases to day- one fair values are reflected with a corresponding increase or decrease to bargain purchase gain or goodwill.

Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred unless those costs are related to issuing debt or equity securities used to finance the acquisition.

Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, FFS and interest bearing due from banks as segregated in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Debt Securities – Bancorp determines the classification of debt securities at the time of purchase. Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and recorded at amortized cost. Debt securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as AFS and recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in AOCI, net of tax. All debt securities were classified as AFS at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific-identification method. Amortization of premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income over the period to maturity using the interest method, except for premiums on callable debt securities, which are amortized to their earliest call date.

Bancorp has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of debt securities and reports accrued interest separately in the consolidated balance sheets. A debt security is placed on non-accrual status at the time any principal or interest payments become more than 90 days delinquent or if full collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain. Accrued interest for a security placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. There was no accrued interest related to AFS debt securities reversed against interest income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

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ACL – AFS Debt Securities – For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, Bancorp evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in AOCI, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an ACL on AFS debt securities on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL on AFS debt securities and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if Bancorp intends to sell an impaired AFS debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL on AFS debt securities in this situation.

Changes in the ACL on AFS debt securities are recorded as expense. Losses are charged against the ACL on AFS debt securities when management believes the uncollectability of an AFS debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale – Mortgage originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are recorded at the lower of cost or market value on an individual loan basis, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors.

Loans – Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost basis, which is the unpaid principal balance outstanding, net of unearned income, deferred loan fees and costs, premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans and any direct partial charge-offs. Bancorp has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the amortized cost basis of loans and report accrued interest separately from the related loan balance in the consolidated balance sheets.

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income over the life of the loan without anticipating prepayments.

Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal and/or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement or any portion thereof remains unpaid after the due date of the scheduled payment. The accrual of interest income on loans is typically discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection, or if full collection of interest or principal becomes doubtful. Consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 120 days past due. All interest accrued but not received for a loan placed on non-accrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Under the cost-recovery method, interest income is not recognized until the loan balance is reduced to zero. Under the cash-basis method, interest income is recorded when the payment is received in cash. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Acquired loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition based on a DCF methodology that considers various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and a discount rate reflecting Bancorp’s assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. Certain larger purchased loans are individually evaluated while certain purchased loans are grouped together according to similar risk characteristics and are treated in aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. These cash flow evaluations are inherently subjective, as they require material estimates, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

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Prior to January 1, 2020, loans acquired in a business combination that had evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that Bancorp would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable were considered PCI. PCI loans were individually evaluated and recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition with no initial ACL based on a DCF methodology that considered various factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and a discount rate reflecting Bancorp’s assessment of risk inherent in the cash flow estimates. The difference between the DCFs expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” was recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the DCFs expected at acquisition, or the “non-accretable difference,” were not recognized on the balance sheet and did not result in any yield adjustments, loss accruals or valuation allowances. Increases in expected cash flows, including prepayments, subsequent to the initial investment were recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows were recognized as impairment. ACLs on PCI loans reflected only losses incurred post-acquisition (meaning the PV of all cash flows expected at acquisition that ultimately were not expected to be received).

Subsequent to January 1, 2020, loans acquired in a business combination that have experienced more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are considered PCD loans. At the acquisition date, an estimate of expected credit losses is made for groups of PCD loans with similar risk characteristics and individual PCD loans without similar risk characteristics. This initial ACL is allocated to individual PCD loans and added to the purchase price or acquisition date fair values to establish the initial amortized cost basis of the PCD loans. As the initial ACL is added to the purchase price, there is no credit loss expense recognized upon acquisition of a PCD loan. Any difference between the unpaid principal balance of PCD loans and the amortized cost basis is considered to relate to non-credit factors and results in a discount or premium. Discounts and premiums are recognized through interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans.

Acquired loans are determined by Bancorp to have more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination if any of the following designations apply, listed in order of priority as follows: Loans individually analyzed by Bancorp and determined to have a collateral or cash flow deficiency resulting in a full or partial allocation for loss, loans placed on non-accrual status by the acquired institution, loans identified as TDRs by the acquired institution, loans that have received a partial charge off by the acquired institution, loans risk-rated below a “pass” grade by the acquired institution and any loans past due 59 days or more at the time of acquisition.

For acquired loans not deemed PCD at acquisition, the differences between the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance are recognized as interest income over the lives of the related loans. For non-PCD loans, an initial ACL on loans is estimated and recorded as credit loss expense at the acquisition date.

The subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for all acquired loans is the same as the subsequent measurement of expected credit losses for originated loans.

Bancorp adopted ASC 326, “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses ,” effective January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach. Results for the periods subsequent to January 1, 2020 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. Bancorp recorded a net reduction of retained earnings of $ 8.8 million upon adoption. The transition adjustment included an increase in the ACL on loans of $ 8.2 million and an increase in the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $ 3.5 million, net of the total corresponding DTA increase of $ 2.9 million.

Bancorp adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for loans purchased with PCD that were previously classified as PCI and accounted for under ASC 310 - 30. In accordance with the standard, management did not reassess whether PCI loans met the criteria of PCD loans as of the adoption date. On January 1, 2020, non-accretable yield marks of $ 1.6 million related to formerly classified PCI loans were reclassified between the amortized cost basis of loans and corresponding ACL. The majority of these marks were subsequently charged off in the third quarter of 2020.

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The following table summarizes the impact of the adoption of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020:

	January 1, 2020
(in thousands)	As reported under ASC 326		Pre-ASC 326 Adoption		Impact of Adoption (1)

Allowance for credit losses on loans:

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	8,333	$	5,235	$	3,098
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		6,219		3,327		2,892
Total commercial real estate		14,552		8,562		5,990

Commercial and industrial - term		7,147		6,782		365
Commercial and industrial - line of credit		4,129		5,657		( 1,528	)
Total commercial and industrial		11,276		12,439		( 1,163	)

Residential real estate - owner occupied		2,713		1,527		1,186
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		1,376		947		429
Total residential real estate		4,089		2,474		1,615

Construction and land development		5,161		2,105		3,056
Home equity lines of credit		842		728		114
Consumer		398		100		298
Leases		233		237		( 4	)
Credit cards		96		146		( 50	)
Total allowance for credit losses on loans	$	36,647	$	26,791	$	9,856

Total allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures	$	3,850	$	350	$	3,500

( 1 ) – The impact of the ASC 326 adoption on the ACL on loans reflects $ 8.2 million related to the transition from the incurred loss ACL model to the CECL ACL model and $ 1.6 million related to the transition from PCI to PCD methodology as defined in the standard.

ACL – Loans – Under the CECL model, the ACL on loans represents a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio.

Bancorp estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the receivable is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of payment, and partial charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, Bancorp has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, Bancorp has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the ACL on loans.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL on loans through a charge to provision. When Bancorp deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written-off and the ACL on loans is reduced by the same amount. Bancorp applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, an asset will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts of collection have been exhausted and the collateral, if any, has been liquidated. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL on loans when received.

Bancorp’s methodologies for estimating the ACL on loans consider available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical loss experience was observed. Bancorp’s methodologies may revert to historical loss information on a straight-line basis over a number of quarters when it can no longer develop reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Loans are predominantly segmented by FDIC Call Report Codes into loan pools that have similar risk characteristics, similar collateral type and are assumed to pose consistent risk of loss to Bancorp. Bancorp has identified the following pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for measuring expected credit losses:

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Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied – Includes non-farm non-residential real estate loans for a variety of commercial property types and purposes, and is typically secured by commercial offices, industrial buildings, warehouses or retail buildings where the owner of the building occupies the property. The primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the party (or affiliate) who owns the property. Repayment terms vary considerably; interest rates are fixed or variable and structured for full or partial amortization of principal.

Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied – Includes investment real estate loans secured by similar collateral as above. The primary source of income for this loan type is typically rental income associated with the property. This category also includes apartment or multifamily residential buildings (secured by five or more dwelling units).

Construction and Land Development – Consists of loans to finance the ground up construction or improvement of owner occupied and non-owner occupied residential and commercial properties and loans secured by raw or improved land. The repayment of C&D loans is generally dependent upon the successful completion of the improvements by the builder for the end user, the leasing of the property, or sale of the property to a third party. Repayment of land secured loans is dependent upon the successful development and sale of the property, the sale of the land as is, or the outside cash flow of the owners to support the retirement of the debt. Bancorp’s construction loans may convert to real estate-secured loans once construction is completed or principal amortization payments begin, assuming the borrower retains financing with the Bank.

Commercial and Industrial – Represents loans for C&I purposes to sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations and other business enterprises, whether secured (other than those that meet the definition of a “loan secured by real estate”) or unsecured, single payment or installment. This category includes loans originated for financing capital expenditures, loans secured by accounts receivable, inventory and other business assets such as equipment, non-real estate related construction loans in addition to non-real estate loans guaranteed by the SBA. Bancorp originates these loans for a variety of purposes across various industries. This category also includes loans to commercial banks in the U.S. This portfolio has been segregated between term loans and revolving lines of credits based on the varied characteristics of these individual loan structures.

Residential Real Estate – Includes non-revolving (closed-end) first and junior lien loans secured by residential real estate primarily in Bancorp’s market areas. This portfolio is segregated between owner occupied and non-owner occupied status, as the investment nature of the latter poses additional credit risks to Bancorp.

Home Equity Lines of Credit – Similar to the above, however these are revolving (open-ended) lines of credit.

Consumer – Represents loans to individuals for personal expenditures that may be secured or unsecured. This includes pre-arranged overdraft plans, secured automobile loans and other consumer-purpose loans.

Leases – Represents a variety of leasing options to businesses to acquire equipment.

Credit Cards – Represents revolving loans to businesses and consumers.

Bancorp measures expected credit losses for its loan portfolio segments as follows:

Loan Portfolio Segment		ACL Methodology

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied		Discounted cash flow
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		Discounted cash flow
Commercial and industrial - term		Static pool
Commercial and industrial - line of credit		Static pool
Residential real estate - owner occupied		Discounted cash flow
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		Discounted cash flow
Construction and land development		Static pool
Home equity lines of credit		Static pool
Consumer		Static pool
Leases		Static pool
Credit cards		Static pool

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Discounted Cash flow Method – The DCF methodology is used to develop cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speeds, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates and time to recovery are based on historical internal data.

Bancorp uses regression analysis on historical internal and peer data to determine suitable loss drivers to utilize when modeling lifetime probability of default and loss given default. This analysis also determines how expected probability of default and loss given default will react to forecasted levels of the loss drivers. For all loan pools utilizing the DCF method, management utilizes the FRB’s forecasted Seasonally Adjusted National Civilian Unemployment Rate as its primary loss driver, as this was determined to best correlate to historical losses.

With regard to the DCF model and the adoption of CECL effective January 1, 2020, management determined that four quarters represented a reasonable and supportable forecast period with reversion back to a historical loss rate over eight quarters on a straight-line basis. However, in response to uncertainty surrounding the magnitude and duration of the economic crisis created by the pandemic, management subsequently determined that a one quarter forecast period with a reversion back to a historical loss rate in the following quarter was appropriate for the calculation performed at March 31, 2020. For the calculation performed at June 30, 2020, management elected to return to the four quarter forecast period with reversion back to a historical loss rate in the following quarter, which has been the methodology used for all subsequent calculations through June 30, 2021.

The combination of adjustments for credit expectations (default and loss) and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery) produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level NPV of expected cash flows. An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis.

Static Pool Method – The static pool methodology is utilized for the loan portfolio segments that typically have shorter durations. For each of these loan segments, Bancorp applies an expected loss ratio based on historical losses adjusted as appropriate for qualitative loss factors. Qualitative loss factors are based on management's judgment of company, market, industry or business specific data, changes in underlying loan composition of specific portfolios, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, non-performing and adversely rated loans and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.

Collateral Dependent Loans – Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent loans where Bancorp has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and Bancorp expects repayment of the financial asset to be provided substantially through the operation of the business or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the estimated fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the asset as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the financial asset exceeds the NPV of expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized costs basis of the financial asset exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of loan. Bancorp’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the loan and the contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications.

A loan that has been modified or renewed is considered a TDR when two conditions are met: 1 ) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and 2 ) concessions are made for the borrower's benefit that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower or transaction with similar credit risk characteristics. TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. TDRs performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period may be included in Bancorp’s existing pools based on the underlying risk characteristics of the loan to measure the ACL.

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In March 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law. Section 4013 of the CARES Act, “ Temporary Relief from Troubled Debt Restructurings, ” provides banks the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under U.S. GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID- 19. To qualify for Section 4013 of the CARES Act, borrowers must have been current at December 31, 2019. All modifications were originally eligible as long as they were executed between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020 or (ii) the 60th day after the end of the COVID- 19 national emergency as declared by the President of the United States. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, which was signed into law on December 27, 2020, extended this provision to the earlier of ( 1 ) 60 days after the national emergency termination date or ( 2 ) January 1, 2022. Multiple modifications of the same credits are allowed and there is no cap on the duration of the modification. The impact of such activity is discussed in the section of this document titled, “ Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations .”

Premises and Equipment – Premises and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation of premises and equipment is computed using straight-line methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 3 to 40 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over terms of the related leases, including expected renewals, or over the useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred while major additions and improvements are capitalized.

FHLB Stock – Bancorp is a member institution of the FHLB. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors and may invest in additional amounts of stock. FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security and annually evaluated for impairment. Because this stock is viewed as a long-term investment, impairment is based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are recorded as interest income.

Goodwill – Goodwill resulting from business acquisitions represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested annually for impairment or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate a goodwill impairment test should be performed.

Bancorp has selected September 30th as the date to perform its annual goodwill impairment test. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Bank’s balance sheet.

All goodwill is attributable to the Commercial Banking segment. Goodwill related to the KSB acquisition is deductible for tax purposes, as it was structured as an asset sale/338 election. Goodwill related to the KB acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes, as it was structured as stock sale. Based on its assessment, Bancorp believes its goodwill balance at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was not impaired and is properly recorded in the consolidated financial statements.

Other intangible assets consist of CDI assets arising from business acquisitions. CDI assets are initially measured at fair value and then amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives.

Other Assets – BOLI and other life insurance policies are carried at net realizable value, which considers applicable surrender charges. Also, Bancorp maintains life insurance policies in conjunction with its non-qualified defined benefit and non-qualified compensation plans.

OREO is carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value minus estimated selling costs. In certain situations, improvements to prepare assets for sale are capitalized if those costs increase the estimated fair value of the asset. Expenses incurred in maintaining assets, write downs to reflect subsequent declines in value, and realized gains or losses are reflected in the results of operations and are included in non-interest income and/or expense.

MSRs are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income, considering appropriate prepayment assumptions and are evaluated quarterly for impairment by comparing the carrying value to fair value.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures – Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to originate loans, commitments to fund existing loans and commercial letters of credit issued to meet customer-financing needs. Off-balance sheet refers to assets or liabilities that do not appear on a company's balance sheet. Bancorp’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for off-balance sheet loan commitments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

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Bancorp records an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancelable, through a charge to credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures included in provision for credit losses on Bancorp’s consolidated statements of income. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan portfolio segment at each balance sheet date under the current CECL model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur and is included in other liabilities on Bancorp’s consolidated balance sheets.

Derivatives – Bancorp uses derivative financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, as part of its interest rate risk management. GAAP establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities. As required by GAAP, Bancorp’s interest rate swaps are recognized as other assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Accounting for changes in fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Derivatives used to hedge exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. To qualify for hedge accounting, Bancorp must comply with detailed rules and documentation requirements at inception of the hedge, and hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of each hedging relationship. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, is measured periodically throughout the life of the hedging relationship.

For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in fair value of the derivative is initially reported in OCI and subsequently reclassified to interest income or expense when the hedged transaction affects earnings, while the ineffective portion of changes in fair value of derivative, if any, is recognized immediately in other noninterest income. Bancorp assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing cumulative changes in cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with cumulative changes in cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. No component of the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Periodically, Bancorp enters into an interest rate swap transaction with a borrower, who desires to hedge exposure to rising interest rates, while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, with substantially matching terms, with another approved independent counterparty. Because of matching terms of offsetting contracts and collateral provisions mitigating any non-performance risk, changes in fair value subsequent to initial recognition have an insignificant effect on earnings. Because these derivative instruments have not been designated as hedging instruments, the derivative instruments are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value, due to changes in prevailing interest rates, recorded in other noninterest income.

Bancorp had no fair value hedging relationships at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Bancorp does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. See the Footnote titled “ Derivative Financial Instruments ” for additional discussion.

Transfers of Financial Assets – Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from Bancorp, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets and Bancorp does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Stock-Based Compensation – For all awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the period in which it is earned based on the grant-date fair value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that are ultimately expected to vest, reduced for estimated forfeitures. GAAP requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Income Taxes – Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in DTAs and DTLs. DTAs and DTLs are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted statutory tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces DTAs to the amount expected to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more-likely-than- not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more-likely-than- not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Bancorp recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense, if any.

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Bancorp periodically invests in certain partnerships with customers that yield historic tax credits, accounted for using the flow through method, which approximates the equity method, and/or low-income housing tax credits as well as tax deductible losses, which are accounted for using the effective yield method for older transactions or proportional amortization method for more recent transactions. The tax benefit of these investments exceeds the amortization expense associated with them, resulting in a positive impact on net income.

Net Income Per Share – Basic net income per common share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted net income per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the weighted average number of shares that would be issued upon exercise of dilutive options and SARs, assuming proceeds are used to repurchase shares under the treasury stock method.

Comprehensive Income – Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For Bancorp, this includes net income, changes in unrealized gains and losses on AFS debt securities and cash flow hedging instruments, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes, and minimum pension liability adjustments, net of taxes.

Loss Contingencies – Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable, and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are any outstanding matters that would have a material effect on the financial statements.

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents – Bancorp has historically been required by the FRB to maintain average reserve balances. Effective March 26, 2020, the FRB reduced the reserve requirement ratio to 0% in response to the COVID- 19 pandemic, eliminating reserve requirements for all depository institutions. The reserve requirement ratio remained at 0% as of June 30, 2021.

Dividend Restrictions – Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Bank to the Holding Company or by the Holding Company to shareholders.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments – Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as disclosed in the Footnote titled “ Assets and Liabilities Measured and Reported at Fair Value ” in this section of the filing. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect such estimates.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers – On January 1, 2018, Bancorp adopted ASU 2014 - 09, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers, ” and all subsequent amendments to the ASU (collectively, “ASC 606” ). While this update modified guidance for recognizing revenue, it did not have a material impact on the timing or presentation of Bancorp’s revenue. The majority of Bancorp’s revenue comes from interest income and other sources, including loans, leases, securities, and derivatives, which are not subject to ASC 606. Bancorp’s services that fall within the scope of ASC 606 are presented within non-interest income and are recognized as revenue as Bancorp satisfies its obligation to its customer.

Segment Information – Bancorp provides a broad range of financial services to individuals, corporations and others through its full service banking locations. These services include loan and deposit services, cash management services, securities brokerage activities, mortgage origination and WM&T activities. Bancorp’s operations are considered by management to be aggregated in two reportable operating segments: Commercial Banking and WM&T.

Reclassifications – Certain amounts presented in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported prior periods’ net income or shareholders’ equity.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards – The FASB issued ASU No. 2020 - 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 ): “ Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting ,” in March 2020. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. It provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022.

Accounting Standards Updates – Generally, if an issued but not yet effective ASU with an expected immaterial impact to Bancorp has been disclosed in prior SEC filings, it will not be re-disclosed.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019 - 04, “ Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326 ), Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 815 ), and Financial Instruments (ASC 825 ) .” The amendments in the ASU improve the Codification by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The amended guidance in this ASU related to the credit losses will be effective for Bancorp’s for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Bancorp is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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( 2 )

Acquisition

Bancorp completed its acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. during the second quarter in a combined stock and cash transaction for total consideration of $ 233 million. Bancorp acquired 19 branches in 11 communities throughout central and eastern Kentucky, including the Lexington, Kentucky metropolitan statistical area and contiguous counties, and also acquired a captive insurance subsidiary.

The following table provides a summary of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by Bancorp as of the acquisition date. As provided for under GAAP, management has up to 12 months following the date of acquisition to finalize the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. The preliminary fair value adjustments and the preliminary fair values shown in the following table continue to be evaluated by management and may be subjected to further adjustment.

Acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc.

Summary of Assets Aquired and Liabilities Assumed

	As Recorded			Fair Value				As Recorded
(in thousands)	By KB			Adjustments (1)				by Bancorp
Assets aquired:
Cash and due from banks	$	53,257		$	—			$	53,257
Mortgage loans held for sale		3,071			—				3,071
Available for sale debt securities		396,157			( 295	)	a		395,862
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		7,072			—				7,072
Loans		755,932			( 757	)	b		755,175
Allowance for credits losses on loans		( 9,491	)		2,734		c		( 6,757	)
Net loans		746,441			1,977				748,418
Premises and equipment, net		27,401			( 6,361	)	d		21,040
Bank owned life insurance		18,909			—				18,909
Accrued interest receivable		4,939			—				4,939
Goodwill		14,001			( 14,001	)	e		—
Core deposit intangible		—			3,404		f		3,404
Other real estate owned		674			( 123	)	g		551
Mortgage servicing rights		1,628			34		h		1,662
Deferred income taxes, net		1,856			715		i		2,571
Other assets		6,421			( 1,866	)	j		4,555
Total assets acquired	$	1,281,827		$	( 16,516	)		$	1,265,311

Liabilities assumed:
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	359,544		$	—			$	359,544
Interest bearing		678,528			1,146		k		679,674
Total deposits		1,038,072			1,146				1,039,218

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		11,360			—				11,360
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		88,581			2,490		l		91,071
Accrued interest payable		505			—				505
Other liabilities		16,231			( 2,004	)	m		14,227
Total liabilities assumed		1,154,749			1,632				1,156,381
Net assets acquired	$	127,078		$	( 18,148	)		$	108,930

Consideration for common stock								$	204,670
Cash consideration paid									28,276
Total consideration								$	232,946

Goodwill								$	124,016

( 1 )

See the following page for explanations or individual fair value adjustments.

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Explanation of fair value adjustments

a.	Adjustment based on Bancorp’s evaluation of the acquired investment portfolio. Approximately $ 91 million in AFS debt securities were sold by Bancorp shortly after acquisition.

b.	Adjustments to loans to reflect estimated fair value adjustments, including the following:

(in thousands)

Fair value adjustment - acquired non PCD loans	$	228
Fair value adjustment - acquired PCD loans		( 735	)
Eliminate unrecognized loan fees on acquired loans and fair value hedge		( 250	)
Net loan fair value adjustments	$	( 757	)

c.	The net adjustment to allowance for credit losses includes the following:

(in thousands)

Reversal of historical KB allowance for credit losses on loans	$	9,491
Estimate of lifetime credit losses for PCD loans		( 6,757	)
Net change in allowance for credit losses	$	2,734

d.	Adjustment to premises and equipment to reflect the estimated fair value of acquired premises and equipment and right of use assets.

e.	Elimination of the historical KB goodwill of $ 14.0 million at the closing date.

f.	Calculation of core deposit intangible related to the acquisition.

g.	Adjustment to reflect the estimated fair value of other real estate owned.

h.	Adjustment to reflect the estimated fair value of mortgage servicing rights.

i.	Adjustment to net deferred tax assets associated with the effects of the purchase accounting adjustments.

j.	Adjustment to other assets to reflect the estimated fair value of prepaid and other assets.

k.	Adjustment to deposits to reflect the estimated fair value of time deposits in interest rates, which was based primarily on an analysis of current market interest rates and maturity dates.

l.	Adjustment to reflect the estimated fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank advances for differences in interest rates, which was based primarily on an analysis of current market interest rates and maturity dates. All KB FHLB advances were paid off immediately upon acquisition.

m.	Adjustment to other liabilities to establish the reserve for unfunded loan commitments under CECL and various accrual adjustments.

Goodwill of approximately $ 124 million, which is the excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired, is expected to be recorded in the KB acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is all attributable to the Company’s Commercial Banking segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. To the extent that management revises any of the above fair value adjustments as a result of its continuing evaluation, the amount of goodwill recorded in the KB acquisition will change.

Net income, excluding all purchase accounting adjustments, attributed to KB totaled $ 2.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

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The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presents the results of operations of the Company, including the effects of the purchase accounting adjustments and acquisition expenses, had the KB acquisition taken place at the beginning of the period:

(in thousands)	Three months ended June 30, 2021			Three months ended June 30, 2020

Net interest income	$	47,465		$	42,664
Provision for loan losses (1)		( 3,167	)		7,525
Non-interest income		18,078			16,621
Non-interest expense (2)		37,257			32,903
Income before taxes		31,453			18,857
Income tax expense		6,026			2,518
Net income	$	25,427		$	16,339

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.95		$	0.62
Diluted		0.94			0.62

Basic weighted average shares outstanding		26,687			26,363
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		26,926			26,542

(in thousands)	Six months ended June 30, 2021			Six months ended June 30, 2020

Net interest income	$	94,043		$	84,156
Provision for loan losses (1)		( 4,542	)		15,075
Non-interest income		36,090			32,719
Non-interest expense (2)		71,803			65,864
Income before taxes		62,872			35,936
Income tax expense		11,979			4,716
Net income	$	50,893		$	31,220

Earnings per share
Basic	$	1.91		$	1.19
Diluted		1.89			1.18

Basic weighted average shares outstanding		26,670			26,341
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		26,911			26,540

( 1 ) - Excludes $ 7.4 million in merger related credit loss expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
( 2 ) - Excludes $ 18.1 million and $ 18.5 million in pre-tax merger expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

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( 3 )

Available for Sale Debt Securities

All of Bancorp’s debt securities are classified as AFS. Amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities follow:

(in thousands)	Amortized		Unrealized
June 30, 2021	cost		Gains		Losses			Fair value

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government obligations	$	9,078	$	-	$	( 1	)	$	9,077
Government sponsored enterprise obligations		150,833		4,271		( 124	)		154,980
Mortgage backed securities - government agencies		788,048		4,781		( 6,118	)		786,711
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		54,906		355		( 128	)		55,133
Other		1,006		1		-			1,007

Total available for sale debt securities	$	1,003,871	$	9,408	$	( 6,371	)	$	1,006,908

December 31, 2020

Government sponsored enterprise obligations	$	133,436	$	5,003	$	( 361	)	$	138,078
Mortgage backed securities - government agencies		430,198		7,555		( 168	)		437,585
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		11,088		227		—			11,315

Total available for sale debt securities	$	574,722	$	12,785	$	( 529	)	$	586,978

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no holdings of debt securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $ 2.5 million and $ 1.6 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was included in the consolidated balance sheets.

AFS debt securities totaling $ 396 million were acquired as a result of the KB acquisition. Shortly after acquisition, 86 securities with a total fair value of $ 91 million in the acquired AFS debt securities portfolio were sold, resulting in a loss on the sale $ 295,000 , which was recorded a as fair value adjustment through goodwill.

A summary of AFS debt securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2021 follows:

(in thousands)	Amortized cost		Fair value

Due within one year	$	35,028	$	35,160
Due after one year but within five years		21,347		21,535
Due after five years but within 10 years		29,630		29,745
Due after 10 years		129,818		133,757
Mortgage backed securities - government agencies		788,048		786,711
Total available for sale debt securities	$	1,003,871	$	1,006,908

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The investment portfolio includes MBS’s, which are guaranteed by agencies such as FHLMC, FNMA and GNMA. These securities differ from traditional debt securities primarily in that they may have uncertain principal payment dates and are priced based on estimated prepayment rates on the underlying collateral.

Securities with a carrying value of $ 676 million and $ 505 million were pledged at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, to secure accounts of commercial depositors in cash management accounts, public deposits and uninsured cash balances for WM&T accounts. The large increase over the first six months of 2021 was driven by collateralized accounts added through the KB acquisition.

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Securities with unrealized losses at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, aggregated by investment category and length of time securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position follows:

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total

(in thousands)	*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*			*Fair*		*Unrealized*
June 30, 2021	*value*		*losses*			*value*		*losses*			*value*		*losses*

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government obligations	$	9,077	$	( 1	)	$	-	$	-		$	9,077	$	( 1	)

Government sponsored enterprise obligations		26,808		( 111	)		459		( 13	)		27,267		( 124	)

Mortgage-backed securities - government agencies		504,709		( 6,085	)		1,946		( 33	)		506,655		( 6,118	)

Obligations of states and political subdivisions		19,345		( 128	)		—		—			19,345		( 128	)

Total	$	559,939	$	( 6,325	)	$	2,405	$	( 46	)	$	562,344	$	( 6,371	)

December 31, 2020
Government sponsored enterprise obligations	$	10,404	$	( 112	)	$	24,398	$	( 249	)	$	34,802	$	( 361	)

Mortgage-backed securities - government agencies		68,033		( 167	)		921		( 1	)		68,954		( 168	)

Total	$	78,437	$	( 279	)	$	25,319	$	( 250	)	$	103,756	$	( 529	)

Applicable dates for determining when securities are in an unrealized loss position are June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As such, it is possible that a security had a market value lower than its amortized cost on other days during the past 12 months, but is not in the “Less than 12 months” category above.

For AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, Bancorp evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or non-credit related factors. Any impairment that is not credit-related is recognized in AOCI, net of tax. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an a ACL on AFS debt securities on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if Bancorp intends to sell an impaired AFS debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount would be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in this situation.

In evaluating AFS debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, Bancorp considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers’ financial condition, among other factors. Unrealized losses on Bancorp’s investment securities portfolio have not been recognized as an expense because the securities are of high credit quality, and the decline in fair values is attributable to changes in the prevailing interest rate environment since the purchase date. Fair value is expected to recover as securities reach maturity and/or the interest rate environment returns to conditions similar to when these securities were purchased. These investments consisted of 144 and 14 separate investment positions as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no credit related factors underlying unrealized losses on AFS debt securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

Composition of loans by class follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,170,461	$	833,470
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		604,120		508,672
Total commercial real estate		1,774,581		1,342,142

Commercial and industrial - term		544,316		525,776
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		377,021		550,186
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		327,990		276,646
Total commercial and industrial		1,249,327		1,352,608

Residential real estate - owner occupied		377,783		239,191
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		273,782		140,930
Total residential real estate		651,565		380,121

Construction and land development		281,149		291,764
Home equity lines of credit		142,468		95,366
Consumer		78,171		44,606
Leases		14,171		14,786
Credits cards		14,960		10,203
Total loans (1)	$	4,206,392	$	3,531,596

( 1 ) Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs.

Loans totaling $ 755 million were acquired as a result of the KB acquisition.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans, totaled $ 13 million and $ 12 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and was included in the consolidated balance sheets.

Loans with carrying amounts of $ 2.5 billion and $ 2.0 billion were pledged to secure FHLB borrowing capacity at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Loans to directors and their related interests, including loans to companies for which directors are principal owners and executive officers, totaled $ 50 million and $ 43 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

PCD Loans

In connection with the acquisition of KB, Bancorp acquired loans both with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition with no carryover from the acquired institution’s previously recorded allowance for loan and lease losses. Acquired loans are accounted for under ASC 362, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.

The fair value of acquired loans recorded at the time of acquisition is based upon several factors, including the timing and payment of expected cash flows, as adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments, and then discounting these cash flows using comparable market rates. The resulting fair value adjustment is recorded in the form of a premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of the respective loans. As it relates to acquired loans that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination (“PCD”), the net premium or net discount is adjusted to reflect Bancorp’s allowance for credit losses recorded for PCD loans at the time of acquisition, and the remaining fair value adjustment is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. As it relates to loans not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”) loans, the credit loss and yield components of their fair value adjustment are aggregated, and the resulting net premium or net discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. Bancorp records an ACL for non-PCD loans at the time of acquisition through provision expense, and therefore, no further adjustments are made to the net premium or net discount for non-PCD loans.

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Bancorp purchased loans through the acquisition of KB for which there was, at the time of acquisition, more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of loans acquired and classified as PCD was as follows at June 30, 2021:

(in thousands)	June 1, 2021

Purchase price of PCD loans at acquisition	$	32,765
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition		( 6,757	)
Non-credit discount (premium) at acquisition		( 735	)
Fair value of PCD loans at acquisition	$	25,273

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The table below reflects activity in the ACL related to loans:

(in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, 2021	Beginning Balance		Initial Allowance on PCD Loans		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	20,062	$	1,491	$	1,255		$	( 3,065	)	$	4	$	19,747
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		7,065		2,112		( 184	)		-			555		9,548
Total commercial real estate		27,127		3,603		1,071			( 3,065	)		559		29,295

Commercial and industrial - term (1)		8,469		1,022		355			( 114	)		16		9,748
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		2,983		1,755		502			-			-		5,240
Total commercial and industrial		11,452		2,777		857			( 114	)		16		14,988

Residential real estate - owner occupied		3,292		142		953			( 40	)		3		4,350
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		1,709		88		1,624			-			1		3,422
Total residential real estate		5,001		230		2,577			( 40	)		4		7,772

Construction and land development		5,527		-		( 337	)		-			3		5,193
Home equity lines of credit		843		147		239			-			1		1,230
Consumer		395		-		285			( 223	)		115		572
Leases		235		-		( 3	)		-			-		232
Credit cards		134		-		8			-			-		142
Total	$	50,714	$	6,757	$	4,697		$	( 3,442	)	$	698	$	59,424

(in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30, 2021	Beginning Balance		Initial Allowance on PCD Loans		Provision for Credit Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	19,396	$	1,491	$	1,890		$	( 3,065	)	$	35	$	19,747
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		6,983		2,112		( 102	)		-			555		9,548
Total commercial real estate		26,379		3,603		1,788			( 3,065	)		590		29,295

Commercial and industrial - term (1)		8,970		1,022		( 97	)		( 169	)		22		9,748
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		3,614		1,755		( 129	)		-			-		5,240
Total commercial and industrial		12,584		2,777		( 226	)		( 169	)		22		14,988

Residential real estate - owner occupied		3,389		142		859			( 43	)		3		4,350
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		1,818		88		1,514			-			2		3,422
Total residential real estate		5,207		230		2,373			( 43	)		5		7,772

Construction and land development		6,119		-		( 929	)		-			3		5,193
Home equity lines of credit		895		147		187			-			1		1,230
Consumer		340		-		326			( 287	)		193		572
Leases		261		-		( 29	)		-			-		232
Credit cards		135		-		7			-			-		142
Total	$	51,920	$	6,757	$	3,497		$	( 3,564	)	$	814	$	59,424

( 1 )

The allowance allocated for the commercial & industrial – term segment includes $ 813,000 related to PCD PPP loans.

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(in thousands) Three Months Ended June 30, 2020	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326		Initial ACL on Loans Purchased with Credit Deterioration		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	13,435	$	-	$	-	$	5,403		$	-		$	1	$	18,839
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		6,509		-		-		197			-			-		6,706
Total commercial real estate		19,944		-		-		5,600			-			1		25,545

Commercial and industrial - term		7,990		-		-		( 651	)		-			-		7,339
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		3,866		-		-		( 624	)		-			-		3,242
Total commercial and industrial		11,856		-		-		( 1,275	)		-			-		10,581

Residential real estate - owner occupied		2,702		-		-		162			( 18	)		2		2,848
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		1,419		-		-		175			-			-		1,594
Total residential real estate		4,121		-		-		337			( 18	)		2		4,442

Construction and land development		5,185		-		-		423			-			-		5,608
Home equity lines of credit		623		-		-		209			-			-		832
Consumer		198		-		-		134			( 80	)		110		362
Leases		159		-		-		64			-			-		223
Credit cards		57		-		-		58			-			-		115
Total	$	42,143	$	-	$	-	$	5,550		$	( 98	)	$	113	$	47,708

(in thousands) Six Months Ended June 30, 2020	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326			Initial ACL on Loans Purchased with Credit Deterioration		Provision for Credit Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	5,235	$	2,946		$	152	$	10,503		$	-		$	3	$	18,839
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,327		1,542			1,350		487			-			-		6,706
Total commercial real estate		8,562		4,488			1,502		10,990			-			3		25,545

Commercial and industrial - term		6,782		365			-		185			-			7		7,339
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		5,657		( 1,528	)		-		( 887	)		-			-		3,242
Total commercial and industrial		12,439		( 1,163	)		-		( 702	)		-			7		10,581

Residential real estate - owner occupied		1,527		1,087			99		151			( 18	)		2		2,848
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		947		429			-		218			-			-		1,594
Total residential real estate		2,474		1,516			99		369			( 18	)		2		4,442

Construction and land development		2,105		3,056			-		447			-			-		5,608
Home equity lines of credit		728		114			-		( 10	)		-			-		832
Consumer		100		264			34		( 3	)		( 254	)		221		362
Leases		237		( 4	)		-		( 10	)		-			-		223
Credit cards		146		( 50	)		-		19			-			-		115
Total	$	26,791	$	8,221		$	1,635	$	11,100		$	( 272	)	$	233	$	47,708

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis of non-performing loans and the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status for which there was no related ACL losses:

	Non-accrual Loans						Past Due 90-Days-
(in thousands)	*With No*		*Total*		*Troubled Debt*		*or-More and Still*
June 30, 2021	*Recorded ACL*		*Non-accrual*		*Restructurings*		*Accruing Interest*

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	6,634	$	9,100	$	—	$	77
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		155		696		—		888
Total commercial real estate		6,789		9,796		—		965

Commercial and industrial - term		94		900		14		—
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		—		—		20
Total commercial and industrial		94		900		14		20

Residential real estate - owner occupied		—		1,591		—		19
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		154		—		—
Total residential real estate		—		1,745		—		19

Construction and land development		—		—		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		—		366		—		46
Consumer		—		7		—		—
Leases		—		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		—		—		—
Total	$	6,883	$	12,814	$	14	$	1,050

	Non-accrual Loans						Past Due 90-Days-
(in thousands)	*With No*		*Total*		*Troubled Debt*		*or-More and Still*
December 31, 2020	*Recorded ACL*		*Non-accrual*		*Restructurings*		*Accruing Interest*

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	186	$	10,278	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,048		1,403		—		156
Total commercial real estate		1,234		11,681		—		156

Commercial and industrial - term		6		6		16		—
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		88		88		—		—
Total commercial and industrial		94		94		16		—

Residential real estate - owner occupied		413		413		—		178
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		101		101		—		301
Total residential real estate		514		514		—		479

Construction and land development		—		—		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		221		221		—		14
Consumer		4		4		—		—
Leases		—		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,067	$	12,514	$	16	$	649

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the amount of accrued interest income previously recorded as revenue and subsequently reversed due to the change in accrual status was immaterial.

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, no interest income was recognized on loans on non-accrual status.

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The following table presents the amortized cost basis and ACL allocated for collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses:

(in thousands) June 30, 2021	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	9,600	$	-	$	-	$	9,600	$	1,449
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		6,115		-		-		6,115		2,100
Total commercial real estate		15,715		-		-		15,715		3,549

Commercial and industrial - term		14		1,010		58		1,082		399
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		-		-		-		-		-
Total commercial and industrial		14		1,010		58		1,082		399

Residential real estate - owner occupied		1,804		-		-		1,804		116
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		154		-		-		154		-
Total residential real estate		1,958		-		-		1,958		116

Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		366		-		-		366		100
Consumer		7		-		-		7		-
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	18,060	$	1,010	$	58	$	19,128	$	4,164

(in thousands) December 31, 2020	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	10,278	$	-	$	-	$	10,278	$	3,037
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,403		-		-		1,403		13
Total commercial real estate		11,681		-		-		11,681		3,050

Commercial and industrial - term		16		7		-		23		16
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		-		88		-		88		-
Total commercial and industrial		16		95		-		111		16

Residential real estate - owner occupied		413		-		-		413		-
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		101		-		-		101		-
Total residential real estate		514		-		-		514		-

Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		221		-		-		221		-
Consumer		-		-		4		4		-
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	12,432	$	95	$	3	$	12,531	$	3,066

There have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing Bancorp’s collateral dependent loans.

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The following tables present the aging of contractually past due loans by portfolio class:

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total		Total
June 30, 2021*	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Past Due		Loans

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,159,299	$	3,555	$	6,835	$	772	$	11,162	$	1,170,461
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		601,961		607		—		1,552		2,159		604,120
Total commercial real estate		1,761,260		4,162		6,835		2,324		13,321		1,774,581

Commercial and industrial - term		543,413		35		14		854		903		544,316
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		377,021		—		—		—		—		377,021
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		327,747		223		—		20		243		327,990
Total commercial and industrial		1,248,181		258		14		874		1,146		1,249,327

Residential real estate - owner occupied		375,468		1,762		19		534		2,315		377,783
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		273,397		108		177		100		385		273,782
Total residential real estate		648,865		1,870		196		634		2,700		651,565

Construction and land development		281,149		—		—		—		—		281,149
Home equity lines of credit		141,854		342		172		100		614		142,468
Consumer		78,106		58		—		7		65		78,171
Leases		14,171		—		—		—		—		14,171
Credit cards		14,951		9		—		—		9		14,960
Total	$	4,188,537	$	6,699	$	7,217	$	3,939	$	17,855	$	4,206,392

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total		Total
December 31, 2020*	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Past Due		Loans

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	822,199	$	-	$	10,600	$	671	$	11,271	$	833,470
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		507,265		278		—		1,129		1,407		508,672
Total commercial real estate		1,329,464		278		10,600		1,800		12,678		1,342,142

Commercial and industrial - term		523,936		1,404		430		6		1,840		525,776
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		550,186		—		—		—		—		550,186
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		276,472		86		—		88		174		276,646
Total commercial and industrial		1,350,594		1,490		430		94		2,014		1,352,608

Residential real estate - owner occupied		237,902		585		247		457		1,289		239,191
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		140,234		294		—		402		696		140,930
Total residential real estate		378,136		879		247		859		1,985		380,121

Construction and land development		291,764		—		—		—		—		291,764
Home equity lines of credit		95,206		7		139		14		160		95,366
Consumer		44,510		90		4		2		96		44,606
Leases		14,786		—		—		—		—		14,786
Credit cards		10,197		5		—		1		6		10,203
Total	$	3,514,657	$	2,749	$	11,420	$	2,770	$	16,939	$	3,531,596

* - Pursuant to the CARES Act, loan deferrals granted to borrowers experiencing business interruptions related to the pandemic were not classified as TDRs and not included in past due and/or non-performing loan statistics. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, outstanding CARES Act loan deferrals of $ 8 million and $ 37 million are reflected as current, respectively.

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Loan Risk Ratings

Consistent with regulatory guidance, Bancorp categorizes loans into credit risk rating categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends. Pass-rated loans include all risk-rated loans other than those classified as OAEM, substandard, and doubtful, which are defined below:

OAEM – Loans classified as OAEM have potential weaknesses requiring management's heightened attention. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of repayment prospects for the loan or of Bancorp's credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the paying capacity of the obligor or of collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize ultimate repayment of the debt. Default is a distinct possibility if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Substandard non-performing – Loans classified as substandard non-performing have all the characteristics of substandard loans and have been placed on non-accrual status or have been accounted for as TDRs. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when prospects for recovering both principal and accrued interest are considered doubtful or when a default of principal or interest has existed for 90 days or more.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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Management considers the guidance in ASC 310 - 20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. Beginning in 2021, Bancorp has elected not to disclose revolving loans that have converted to term loans, as activity relating to this disclosure, which is included in the tables presented below as of December 31, 2020, is currently immaterial to Bancorp’s loan portfolio and is expected to be in the future. As of June 30, 2021, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

														Revolving
														loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year													amortized
June 30, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			cost basis	Total

Commercial real estate -non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	173,784	$	309,370	$	144,543	$	114,151	$	98,517	$	255,973	$	18,399	$	1,114,737
OAEM		44		-		1,003		-		-		32,934		867		34,848
Substandard		6,643		-		1,750		-		-		2,927		456		11,776
Substandard non-performing		-		6,644		25		-		605		1,799		27		9,100
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	180,471	$	316,014	$	147,321	$	114,151	$	99,122	$	293,633	$	19,749	$	1,170,461

Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	92,187	$	197,160	$	99,854	$	81,249	$	46,080	$	55,358	$	5,705	$	577,593
OAEM		1,299		70		6,461		727		1,547		59		-		10,163
Substandard		2,483		5,451		4,656		1,306		667		108		997		15,668
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		696		-		696
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	95,969	$	202,681	$	110,971	$	83,282	$	48,294	$	56,221	$	6,702	$	604,120

Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	110,845	$	185,618	$	75,276	$	80,400	$	33,531	$	45,040	$	-	$	530,710
OAEM		71		1,187		2,315		5,453		-		263		-		9,289
Substandard		229		218		2,771		5		118		76		-		3,417
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		35		865		-		900
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - term	$	111,145	$	187,023	$	80,362	$	85,858	$	33,684	$	46,244	$	-	$	544,316

Commercial and industrial - PPP
Risk rating
Pass	$	254,535	$	121,673	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	376,208
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		813		-		-		-		-		-		813
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - PPP	$	254,535	$	122,486	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	377,021

(continued)

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(continued)

														Revolving
														loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year													amortized
June 30, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			cost basis	Total

Commercial and industrial - lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	14,410	$	17,983	$	11,677	$	1,879	$	1,970	$	257	$	271,816	$	319,992
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		1,214		1,214
Substandard		-		-		2,088		-		-		-		4,696		6,784
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	14,410	$	17,983	$	13,765	$	1,879	$	1,970	$	257	$	277,726	$	327,990

Residential real estate - owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	103,210	$	113,596	$	42,309	$	21,773	$	19,925	$	72,481	$	-	$	373,294
OAEM		103		-		171		-		84		567		-		925
Substandard		169		-		129		141		112		1,422		-		1,973
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		837		754		-		1,591
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - owner occupied	$	103,482	$	113,596	$	42,609	$	21,914	$	20,958	$	75,224	$	-	$	377,783

Residential real estate - non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	42,043	$	92,346	$	52,842	$	38,226	$	20,296	$	24,181	$	-	$	269,934
OAEM		445		221		2,139		357		52		327		-		3,541
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		153		-		153
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		28		-		126		-		154
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - non-owner occupied	$	42,488	$	92,567	$	54,981	$	38,611	$	20,348	$	24,787	$	-	$	273,782


Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	68,305	$	110,136	$	53,643	$	19,562	$	14,859	$	1,339	$	13,056	$	280,900
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		249		249
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Construction and land development	$	68,305	$	110,136	$	53,643	$	19,562	$	14,859	$	1,339	$	13,305	$	281,149

Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	140,790	$	140,790
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		223		223
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		1,089		1,089
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		366		366
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	142,468	$	142,468

(continued)

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(continued)

													Revolving
													loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												amortized
June 30, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		cost basis		Total

Consumer
Risk rating
Pass*	$	20,050	$	13,869	$	6,594	$	1,905	$	879	$	897	$	33,722	$	77,916
OAEM		-		-		178		-		-		-		-		178
Substandard		-		4		50		10		4		1		1		70
Substandard non-performing		-		7		-		-		-		-		-		7
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Consumer	$	20,050	$	13,880	$	6,822	$	1,915	$	883	$	898	$	33,723	$	78,171

Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,927	$	4,203	$	1,628	$	1,727	$	844	$	3,811	$	-	$	14,140
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		31		-		31
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Leases	$	1,927	$	4,203	$	1,628	$	1,727	$	844	$	3,842	$	-	$	14,171

Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	14,960	$	14,960
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Credit cards	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	14,960	$	14,960

Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	881,295	$	1,165,955	$	488,366	$	360,872	$	236,901	$	459,337	$	498,448	$	4,091,174
OAEM		1,962		1,478		12,267		6,537		1,683		34,181		2,553		60,661
Substandard		9,524		6,486		11,444		1,462		901		4,687		7,239		41,743
Substandard non-performing		-		6,651		25		28		1,477		4,240		393		12,814
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Loans	$	892,781	$	1,180,570	$	512,102	$	368,899	$	240,962	$	502,445	$	508,633	$	4,206,392

*Revolving loans include $ 450,000 in overdrawn demand deposit balances.

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As of December 31, 2020, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

													Revolving		Revolving
													loans		loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												amortized		converted
December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		cost basis		to term		Total

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	303,246	$	114,731	$	102,147	$	105,981	$	77,925	$	57,221	$	12,439	$	11,717	$	785,407
OAEM		3,867		16,587		-		-		7,707		615		-		-		28,776
Substandard		4,174		1,901		-		-		1,513		991		430		-		9,009
Substandard non-performing		9,644		-		-		609		-		-		-		25		10,278
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	320,931	$	133,219	$	102,147	$	106,590	$	87,145	$	58,827	$	12,869	$	11,742	$	833,470

Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	183,666	$	94,462	$	83,592	$	47,506	$	39,638	$	30,533	$	7,693	$	2,418	$	489,508
OAEM		74		6,534		1,575		796		115		-		200		-		9,294
Substandard		1,408		5,360		1,335		247		117		-		-		-		8,467
Substandard non-performing		91		-		15		500		-		471		-		326		1,403
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	185,239	$	106,356	$	86,517	$	49,049	$	39,870	$	31,004	$	7,893	$	2,744	$	508,672

Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	215,629	$	94,563	$	104,871	$	42,929	$	36,016	$	8,412	$	-	$	7,690	$	510,110
OAEM		60		2,969		7,878		-		283		8		-		-		11,198
Substandard		1,229		2,521		-		91		163		74		-		384		4,462
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		6		-		-		6
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - term	$	216,918	$	100,053	$	112,749	$	43,020	$	36,462	$	8,500	$	-	$	8,074	$	525,776

Commercial and industrial - PPP
Risk rating
Pass	$	550,186	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	550,186
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - PPP	$	550,186	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	550,186

(continued)

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(continued)

													Revolving		Revolving
													loans		loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												amortized		converted
December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		cost basis		to term		Total

Commercial and industrial - lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	26,351	$	14,405	$	2,229	$	1,990	$	290	$	85	$	223,172	$	-	$	268,522
OAEM		-		2,222		-		-		-		-		1,596		-		3,818
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		4,218		-		4,218
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		88		-		88
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	26,351	$	16,627	$	2,229	$	1,990	$	290	$	85	$	229,074	$	-	$	276,646

Residential real estate - owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	94,023	$	34,631	$	23,748	$	19,567	$	27,791	$	37,362	$	-	$	1,528	$	238,650
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		13		-		-		115		-		-		-		-		128
Substandard non-performing		49		58		-		100		38		73		-		95		413
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - owner occupied	$	94,085	$	34,689	$	23,748	$	19,782	$	27,829	$	37,435	$	-	$	1,623	$	239,191

Residential real estate - non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	63,537	$	22,422	$	25,466	$	10,587	$	9,609	$	6,451	$	-	$	788	$	138,860
OAEM		137		1,600		140		-		-		92		-		-		1,969
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		29		-		-		72		-		-		101
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - non-owner occupied	$	63,674	$	24,022	$	25,635	$	10,587	$	9,609	$	6,615	$	-	$	788	$	140,930

Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	139,611	$	94,066	$	32,539	$	15,384	$	1,175	$	553	$	6,304	$	1,883	$	291,515
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		249		-		249
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Construction and land development	$	139,611	$	94,066	$	32,539	$	15,384	$	1,175	$	553	$	6,553	$	1,883	$	291,764

Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	95,145	$	-	$	95,145
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		221		-		221
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	95,366	$	-	$	95,366

(continued)

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(continued)

													Revolving		Revolving
													loans		loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												amortized		converted
December 31, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		cost basis		to term		Total

Consumer
Risk rating
Pass*	$	10,334	$	2,897	$	1,687	$	243	$	420	$	466	$	28,363	$	192	$	44,602
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		2		-		2		-		4
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Consumer	$	10,334	$	2,897	$	1,687	$	243	$	422	$	466	$	28,365	$	192	$	44,606

Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	4,674	$	1,875	$	2,144	$	1,300	$	2,550	$	2,168	$	-	$	-	$	14,711
OAEM		-		-		-		-		69		-		-		-		69
Substandard		-		-		6		-		-		-		-		-		6
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Leases	$	4,674	$	1,875	$	2,150	$	1,300	$	2,619	$	2,168	$	-	$	-	$	14,786

Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	10,203	$	-	$	10,203
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Credit cards	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	10,203	$	-	$	10,203

Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,591,257	$	474,052	$	378,423	$	245,487	$	195,414	$	143,251	$	383,319	$	26,216	$	3,437,419
OAEM		4,138		29,912		9,593		796		8,174		715		2,045		-		55,373
Substandard		6,824		9,782		1,341		453		1,793		1,065		4,648		384		26,290
Substandard non-performing		9,784		58		44		1,209		40		622		311		446		12,514
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Loans	$	1,612,003	$	513,804	$	389,401	$	247,945	$	205,421	$	145,653	$	390,323	$	27,046	$	3,531,596

* - Revolving loans include $ 536,000 in overdrawn demand deposit balances.

Bancorp considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the ACL. For certain loan classes, such as credit cards, credit quality is evaluated based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in commercial credit cards based on payment activity:

	June 30,		December 31,
(in thousands)	2021		2020

Credit cards
Performing	$	14,960	$	10,203
Non-performing		—		—
Total credit cards	$	14,960	$	10,203

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In accordance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and in response to requests from borrowers who experienced business or personal cash flow interruptions related to the pandemic, Bancorp extended payment deferrals for those affected borrowers. Depending on the demonstrated need of the customer, Bancorp deferred either the full loan payment or the principal-only portion of respective loan payments, typically for 90 or 180 days, for some borrowers directly impacted by the pandemic. Pursuant to the CARES Act, these loan deferrals were not classified as TDRs and not included in past due and/or non-performing loan statistics. As of June 30, 2021, outstanding loan deferrals totaled $ 8 million, representing 0.21 % of the total loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans) compared to $ 37 million, or 1.24 % of the total loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans) at December 31, 2020.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Detail of outstanding TDRs included in total non-performing loans follows:

	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
			Specific		Additional				Specific		Additional
			reserve		commitment				reserve		commitment
(in thousands)	Balance		allocation		to lend		Balance		allocation		to lend

Commercial and industrial - term	$	14	$	14	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—
Residential real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total TDRs	$	14	$	14	$	—	$	16	$	16	$	—

During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no loans modified as TDRs and there were no payment defaults of existing TDRs within 12 months following the modification. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, charge-off, or foreclosure.

At both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Bancorp had $ 147,000 , respectively, in residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

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( 5 )

Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangibles

As of June 30, 2021, goodwill represents $ 124 million related to the KB acquisition, $ 11.8 million related to the 2019 KSB acquisition and $ 682,000 related to the 1996 purchase of a bank in southern Indiana. The acquisition of TBOC in 2013 generated a bargain purchase gain. As permitted under GAAP, management has up to 12 months following the date of acquisition to finalize the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to the KB acquisition. During this measurement period, Bancorp may record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date.

GAAP requires that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives not be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually. Impairment exists when a reporting unit’s carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value. Bancorp’s annual goodwill impairment test is conducted as of September 30 of each year or more often as situations dictate.

At December 31, 2020, Bancorp elected to perform a qualitative assessment to determine if it was more-likely-than- not that the fair value of the Commercial Banking reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, including goodwill. The qualitative assessment indicated that it was not more-likely-than- not that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeded its fair value.

Changes in the carrying value of goodwill follows:

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	12,513	$	12,513	$	12,513	$	12,513
Goodwill acquired		124,016		—		124,016		—
Recast adjustments		—		—		—		—
Impairment		—		—		—		—
Balance at end of period	$	136,529	$	12,513	$	136,529	$	12,513

Bancorp recorded CDI assets of $ 3.4 million, $ 1.5 million and $ 2.5 million in association with the acquisition of KB in 2021, KSB in 2019 and TBOC in 2013, respectively.

Changes in the net carrying amount of CDIs follows:

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,885		$	2,203		$	1,962		$	2,285
Core deposit intangible acquired		3,404			—			3,404			—
Amortization		( 127	)		( 81	)		( 204	)		( 163	)
Balance at end of period	$	5,162		$	2,122		$	5,162		$	2,122

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( 6 )

Other Assets

A summary of the major components of other assets follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
*(in thousands)*	2021		2020

Cash surrender value of life insurance other than BOLI	$	19,770	$	18,426
Net deferred tax asset		25,275		22,320
Investments in tax credit related ventures		11,515		9,552
Swap assets		5,668		8,374
Prepaid assets		3,515		2,935
Trust fees receivable		2,556		2,192
Mortgage servicing rights		4,657		2,710
Other real estate owned		648		281
Other		13,386		4,575
Total other assets	$	86,990	$	71,365

Bancorp maintains life insurance policies other than BOLI in conjunction with its non-qualified defined benefit retirement and non-qualified compensation plans.

Bancorp enters into interest rate swap transactions with borrowers who desire to hedge exposure to rising interest rates, while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, with substantially matching terms, with another approved independent counterparty. These are undesignated derivative instruments and are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For additional information, see the footnote titled “ Derivative Financial Instruments. ”

MSRs, a component of other assets, are initially recognized at fair value when mortgage loans are sold with servicing retained. The MSRs are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income, considering appropriate prepayment assumptions. MSRs are evaluated quarterly for impairment by comparing carrying value to fair value. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the PV of estimated net servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income.

The estimated fair value of MSRs at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $ 4.7 million and $ 3.1 million, respectively. MSRs with an estimated fair value of $ 1.7 million were acquired in the KB acquisition. There was no valuation allowance recorded for MSRs as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, as fair value exceeded carrying value.

Changes in the net carrying amount of MSRs follows:

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	2,865		$	1,446		$	2,710		$	1,372
MSRs acquired		1,662			—			1,662			—
Additions for mortgage loans sold		304			511			711			641
Amortization		( 174	)		( 69	)		( 426	)		( 125	)
Impairment		—			—			—			—

Balance at end of period	$	4,657		$	1,888		$	4,657		$	1,888

Total outstanding principal balances of loans serviced for others were $ 674 million and $ 428 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Loans serviced for others acquired as part of the KB acquisition totaled $ 233 million as of June 30, 2021.

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( 7 )

Income Taxes

Components of income tax expense (benefit) from operations follows:

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(in thousands)	2021			2020			2021		2020
Current income tax expense:
Federal	$	( 21	)	$	4,363		$	3,472	$	6,205
State		24			209			546		340
Total current income tax expense		3			4,572			4,018		6,545

Deferred income tax expense (benefit):
Federal		679			( 1,798	)		1,516		( 1,146	)
State		182			( 427	)		791		( 803	)
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)		861			( 2,225	)		2,307		( 1,949	)
Change in valuation allowance		-			1			-		2
Total income tax expense	$	864		$	2,348		$	6,325	$	4,598

An analysis of the difference between the statutory and ETRs from operations follows:

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%		21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit		3.2			( 1.1	)		3.1			( 1.1	)
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation arrangements		( 2.9	)		( 0.4	)		( 3.2	)		-
Change in cash surrender value of life insurance		( 4.4	)		( 2.0	)		( 1.1	)		( 0.4	)
Tax credits		( 1.2	)		( 5.9	)		( 0.6	)		( 5.9	)
Tax exempt interest income		( 1.3	)		( 0.2	)		( 0.3	)		( 0.3	)
Non-deductible merger expenses		4.2			-			0.9			-
Insurance captive		( 0.4	)		-			( 0.1	)		-
Other, net		( 1.1	)		3.5			( 0.7	)		1.4
Effective tax rate		17.1	%		14.9	%		19.0	%		14.7	%

Current state income tax expense represents tax owed to the states of Kentucky and Indiana. Ohio state bank taxes are currently based on capital levels and are recorded as other non-interest expense.

The state of Kentucky passed legislation in 2019 that required financial institutions to transition from a capital based franchise tax to the Kentucky corporate income tax beginning in 2021 and allows entities filing a combined Kentucky income tax return to share certain tax attributes, including net operating loss carryforwards.

GAAP provides guidance on financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in tax returns. If recognized, tax benefits would reduce tax expense and accordingly, increase net income. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current year tax positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examination, litigation and legislative activity and addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was immaterial to Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements. Federal and state income tax returns are subject to examination for the years after 2016.

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( 8 )

Deposits

The composition of deposits follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020

Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	1,743,953	$	1,187,057
Interest bearing deposits:
Interest bearing demand		1,667,562		1,355,985
Savings		397,874		208,774
Money market		970,590		844,414

Time deposits of $250 thousand or more		91,203		73,065
Other time deposits(1)		388,924		319,339
Total time deposits		480,127		392,404
Total interest bearing deposits		3,516,153		2,801,577
Total deposits	$	5,260,106	$	3,988,634

( 1 )

Includes $ 49 million and $ 25 million in brokered deposits as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Deposits totaling $ 1.0 billion were acquired in relation to the KB acquisition.

( 9 )

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

SSUAR represent a funding source of Bancorp and are primarily used by commercial customers in conjunction with collateralized corporate cash management accounts. Such repurchase agreements are considered financing agreements and mature within one business day from the transaction date. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all of these financing arrangements had overnight maturities and were secured by government sponsored enterprise obligations and government agency mortgage-backed securities that were owned and controlled by Bancorp.

Information concerning SSUAR follows:

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Outstanding balance at end of period	$	63,942		$	47,979
Weighted average interest rate at end of period		0.06	%		0.05	%

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Average outstanding balance during the period	$	55,673		$	41,517		$	51,330		$	37,465
Average interest rate during the period		0.04	%		0.08	%		0.04	%		0.13	%
Maximum outstanding at any month end during the period	$	63,942		$	42,722		$	63,942		$	42,722

SSUAR totaling $ 11 million were acquired in relation to the KB acquisition.

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FHLB Advances

Bancorp had one advance totaling $ 10 million outstanding as of June 30, 2021, as compared with 37 separate advances totaling $ 32 million as of December 31, 2020. Interest payments are due monthly with principal due at maturity for the lone advance outstanding at June 30, 2021.

Bancorp chose to pay off all outstanding advances during the second quarter with the exception of the $ 10 million advance noted above, which is associated with a cash flow-related interest rate swap that matures in December 2021. The advances paid off during the second quarter had an average weighted cost of 2.03 % prior to their maturity and an early-termination fee of $ 474,000 was incurred as a result of the payoffs. Bancorp made this decision due to its excess liquidity driven by the substantial deposit growth it achieved during 2020 and the first half of 2021 combined with the near-term outlook for low interest rates. Bancorp believes it will substantially “earn back” the early termination penalty through lower interest expense over the next two years.

FHLB advances totaling $ 91 million were acquired in relation to the KB acquisition, all of which were paid off immediately upon acquisition.

The following is a summary of the contractual maturities and average effective rates of outstanding advances:

(dollars in thousands)	As of June 30, 2021					As of December 31, 2020
Maturity			Weighted average					Weighted average
Year	Advance		Fixed Rate			Advance		Fixed Rate
2021	$	10,000		0.21		$	12,148		0.68
2022		—		—			—		—
2023		—		—			268		1.00
2024		—		—			1,389		2.36
2025		—		—			2,827		2.43
2026		—		—			5,401		1.96
2027		—		—			5,323		1.73
2028		—		—			4,283		2.27

Total	$	10,000		0.21	%	$	31,639		1.52	%

FHLB advances are collateralized by certain CRE and residential real estate mortgage loans under blanket mortgage collateral pledge agreements, as well as a portion Bancorp’s PPP loan portfolio and FHLB stock. Bancorp views these advances as an effective lower-costing alternative to brokered deposits to fund loan growth. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the amount of available credit from the FHLB totaled $ 875 million and $ 804 million, respectively.

Bancorp also had $ 80 million in FFP lines available from correspondent banks at both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Bancorp had various commitments outstanding that arose in the normal course of business which are properly not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Total off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit follows:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Commercial and industrial	$	634,241	$	555,077
Construction and development		285,376		266,550
Home equity		231,289		175,132
Credit cards		39,200		32,321
Overdrafts		32,817		33,564
Letters of credit		29,032		24,425
Other		99,784		54,385
Future loan commitments		277,009		249,318
Total off balance sheet commitments to extend credit	$	1,628,748	$	1,390,772

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers either as unsecured or, in the case of secured, as long as collateral is available as agreed upon and there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not represent future cash requirements. Bancorp uses the same credit and collateral policies in making commitments and conditional guarantees as for on-balance sheet instruments. Bancorp evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, securities, equipment and real estate. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should our customers default on their resulting obligation to us, our maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Bancorp had accrued $ 4.8 million and $ 5.4 million, respectively, in other liabilities for its estimate of credit losses on off balance sheet credit exposures. A net benefit of $ 825,000 was recorded for the provision for off balance sheet credit exposures for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to net expense of $ 1.9 million for the same period of 2020. The reduction in the ACL for off balance sheet credit exposures between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021 is attributed to nearly all loan segments experiencing a decrease in their reserve loss percentages consistent with generally improving model factors, particularly unemployment forecasts.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by Bancorp to guarantee the performance of a customer to a first party beneficiary. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support commercial transactions. Standby letters of credit generally have maturities of one to two years.

Certain commercial customers require confirmation of Bancorp’s letters of credit by other banks since Bancorp does not have a rating by a national rating agency. Terms of the agreements range from one month to a year with certain agreements requiring between one and six months’ notice to cancel. If an event of default on all contracts had occurred at June 30, 2021, Bancorp would have been required to make payments of approximately $ 2.7 million, or the maximum amount payable under those contracts. No payments have ever been required because of default on these contracts. These agreements are normally secured by collateral acceptable to Bancorp, which limits credit risk associated with the agreements.

On April 9, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. (“KBI”) in the Circuit Court of Bourbon County, Kentucky challenging our proposed merger with KBI. The complaint, captioned Paul Parshall v. Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. et al. (Case No. 21 -CI- 00109 ), named as defendants KBI, the KBI board of directors, Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc. and H. Meyer Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stock Yards Bancorp (“Merger Sub”). The complaint alleged, among other things, that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties as directors of KBI in connection with their consideration and approval of the proposed merger transaction and caused materially misleading and incomplete information regarding the proposed transaction to be disseminated to the KBI shareholders in violation of their fiduciary duty of disclosure. The complaint further asserted that KBI, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub aided and abetted the alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by the directors of KBI in connection with the proposed transaction. The complaint sought, among other relief, preliminary and permanent injunctions to prevent the defendants from proceeding with, consummating or closing the proposed transaction unless and until KBI provided all material information to KBI shareholders to allow them to make a fully informed voting or appraisal decision with respect to the proposed transaction and adopted and implemented a procedure or process to obtain a merger agreement providing the best available terms for the KBI shareholders. Stock Yards Bancorp, KBI and the KBI board of directors believed the claims asserted in the lawsuit were without merit. On April 28, 2021, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub, with the consent of the other defendants, filed a Notice of Removal with the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky, Central Division, to remove the case from Bourbon Circuit Court to the U.S. District Court (Case No. 5:21 -CV- 00108 -REW) for all further proceedings. On May 25, 2021, the plaintiff filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal with the U.S. District Court notifying the Court and the defendants that he was voluntarily dismissing the claims in this action without prejudice. The Court subsequently entered an order giving effect to the plaintiff’s voluntary dismissal and directing that the matter be struck from the Court’s docket, as dismissed.

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On April 30, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder of KBI in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging our proposed merger with KBI. The complaint, captioned Alex Ciccotelli v. Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. et al. (Case No. 1:21 -CV- 03865 -LAP), named as defendants KBI, the KBI board of directors, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub. The complaint alleged, among other things, that the individual defendants violated Section 14 (a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and Rule 14a - 9 promulgated thereunder by disseminating a proxy statement/prospectus to the shareholders of KBI in connection with the proposed transaction that contained material misstatements and omissions and that KBI was liable as the issuer of those statements. The complaint further asserted that the individual defendants and Stock Yards Bancorp were liable for the alleged misstatements and omissions in the proxy statement/prospectus by virtue of their actions as controlling persons of KBI within the meaning of Section 20 (a) of the 1934 Act. The complaint sought, among other relief, preliminary and permanent injunctions to prevent the defendants from proceeding with, consummating or closing the proposed transaction, an order directing the individual defendants to disseminate a proxy statement/prospectus that does not contain any material misstatements or omissions and, in the event defendants consummate the proposed transaction, an award of rescissionary damages. Stock Yards Bancorp, KBI and the KBI board of directors believed the claims asserted in the lawsuit were without merit. On August 2, 2021, the plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit.

As of June 30, 2021, in the normal course of business, there were other pending legal actions and proceedings in which claims for damages are asserted. Management, after discussion with legal counsel, believes the ultimate result of these legal actions and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of Bancorp.

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Assets and Liabilities Measured and Reported at Fair Value

Fair value represents the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with the methodologies disclosed in Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10 -K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Carrying values of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis follows:

	Fair Value Measurements Using:						Total
June 30, 2021 (in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government obligations	$	9,077	$	—	$	—	$	9,077
Government sponsored enterprise obligations		—		154,980		—		154,980
Mortgage backed securities - government agencies		—		786,711		—		786,711
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		55,133		—		55,133
Other		—		1,007		—		1,007

Total available for sale debt securities		9,077		997,831		—		1,006,908

Interest rate swaps		—		5,668		—		5,668

Total assets	$	9,077	$	1,003,499	$	—	$	1,012,576

Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	5,760	$	—	$	5,760

	Fair Value Measurements Using:						Total
December 31, 2020 (in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value
Assets:
Available for sale debt securities:
Government sponsored enterprise obligations	$	—	$	138,078	$	—	$	138,078
Mortgage backed securities - government agencies		—		437,585		—		437,585
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		—		11,315		—		11,315

Total available for sale debt securities		—		586,978		—		586,978

Interest rate swaps		—		8,374		—		8,374

Total assets	$	—	$	595,352	$	—	$	595,352

Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	8,391	$	—	$	8,391

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during 2021 or 2020.

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Discussion of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis follows:

MSRs – On at least a quarterly basis, MSRs are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the MSRs as compared to carrying amount. Fair value is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated net servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. These measurements are classified as Level 3. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was no valuation allowance for MSRs, as the fair value exceeded the cost. Accordingly, the MSRs are not included in the following tabular disclosure for June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Collateral dependent loans – For collateral-dependent loans where Bancorp has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loan to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the estimated fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. For real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral is determined by third party or internal appraisals, which are then adjusted for the estimated selling and closing costs related to liquidation of the collateral. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, comparable sales, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. Bancorp reviews the third party appraisal for appropriateness and adjusts the value downward to consider selling and closing costs, which typically range from 8 % to 10 % of the appraised value. For non-real estate loans, fair value of the loan’s collateral may be determined using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation and management’s expertise or knowledge of the client and client’s business.

OREO – OREO is primarily comprised of real estate acquired in partial or full satisfaction of loans. OREO is recorded at its estimated fair value less estimated selling and closing costs at the date of transfer, with any excess of the related loan balance over the fair value less expected selling costs charged to the ACL. Subsequent changes in fair value are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount and are recorded against earnings. Bancorp obtains the valuation of OREO with material balances from third party appraisers. For this asset class, the actual valuation methods (income, sales comparable, or cost) vary based on the status of the project or property. The unobservable inputs may vary depending on the individual assets with no one of the three methods being the predominant approach. Bancorp reviews the appraisal for appropriateness and adjusts the value downward to consider selling and closing costs, which typically range from 8 % to 10 % of the appraised value.

Carrying values of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis follows:

									Losses recorded
									Three months		Six months
	Fair Value Measurements Using:						Total		ended		ended
June 30, 2021 (in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		June 30, 2021		June 30, 2021

Collateral dependent loans	$	—	$	—	$	12,416	$	12,416	$	—	$	—
Other real estate owned		—		—		648		648		—		—

									Losses recorded
									Three months		Six months
	Fair Value Measurements Using:						Total		ended		ended
December 31, 2020 (in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Fair Value		June 30, 2020		June 30, 2020

Impaired loans	$	—	$	—	$	7,546	$	7,546	$	—	$	—
Other real estate owned		—		—		281		281		—		—

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

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For Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements are presented below.

	June 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Weighted Average

Collateral dependent loans	$	12,416	Appraisal	Appraisal discounts		27.1	%
Other real estate owned		648	Appraisal	Appraisal discounts		40.8

	December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Weighted Average

Impaired loans - collateral dependent	$	7,546	Appraisal	Appraisal discounts		10.7	%
Other real estate owned		281	Appraisal	Appraisal discounts		36.0

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Disclosure of Financial Instruments Not Reported at Fair Value

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The estimated fair values of Bancorp’s financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis follows:

(in thousands)	Carrying				Fair Value Measurements Using:
June 30, 2021	amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	540,193	$	540,193	$	540,193	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans held for sale		5,420		5,562		—		5,562		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		14,475		14,475		—		14,475		—
Loans, net		4,146,968		4,177,080		—		—		4,177,080
Accrued interest receivable		15,262		15,262		15,262		—		—

Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	1,743,953	$	1,743,953	$	1,743,953	$	—	$	—
Transaction deposits		3,036,026		3,036,026		—		3,036,026		—
Time deposits		480,127		482,304		—		482,304		—
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		63,942		63,942		—		63,942		—
Federal funds purchased		10,947		10,947		—		10,947		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		10,000		10,087		—		10,087		—
Accrued interest payable		630		630		630		—		—

(in thousands)	Carrying				Fair Value Measurements Using:
December 31, 2020	amount		Fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3

Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	317,945	$	317,945	$	317,945	$	—	$	—
Mortgage loans held for sale		22,547		23,389		—		23,389		—
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		11,284		11,284		—		11,284		—
Loans, net		3,479,676		3,513,916		—		—		3,513,916
Accrued interest receivable		13,094		13,094		13,094		—		—

Liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	1,187,057	$	1,187,057	$	1,187,057	$	—	$	—
Transaction deposits		2,409,173		2,409,173		—		2,409,173		—
Time deposits		392,404		395,734		—		395,734		—
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		47,979		47,979		—		47,979		—
Federal funds purchased		11,464		11,464		—		11,464		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		31,639		33,180		—		33,180		—
Accrued interest payable		391		391		391		—		—

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about financial instruments. Because no market exists for a significant portion of Bancorp’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Therefore, calculated fair value estimates in many instances cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realizable in a current sale of the instrument. Changes in assumptions could significantly impact estimates.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table illustrates activity within the balances of AOCI by component:

	Net unrealized			Net unrealized			Minimum
	gains (losses)			gains (losses)			pension
	on available for			on cash			liability
(in thousands)	sale debt securities			flow hedges			adjustment			Total
Three months ended June 30, 2021
Balance, March 31, 2021	$	( 2,513	)	$	( 90	)	$	( 447	)	$	( 3,050	)
Net current period other comprehensive income		4,808			32			—			4,840
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	2,295		$	( 58	)	$	( 447	)	$	1,790

Three months ended June 30, 2020
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	7,123		$	( 302	)	$	( 369	)	$	6,452
Net current period other comprehensive income		2,343			21			—			2,364
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	9,466		$	( 281	)	$	( 369	)	$	8,816

	Net unrealized			Net unrealized			Minimum
	gains (losses)			gains (losses)			pension
	on available for			on cash			liability
(in thousands)	sale debt securities			flow hedges			adjustment			Total
Six months ended June 30, 2021
Balance, January 1, 2021	$	9,310		$	( 122	)	$	( 447	)	$	8,741
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		( 7,015	)		64			—			( 6,951	)
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	2,295		$	( 58	)	$	( 447	)	$	1,790

Six months ended June 30, 2020
Balance, January 1, 2020	$	1,085		$	( 39	)	$	( 369	)	$	677
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		8,381			( 242	)		—			8,139
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	9,466		$	( 281	)	$	( 369	)	$	8,816

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Preferred Stock

Bancorp has one class of preferred stock ( no par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized), the relative rights, preferences and other terms of the class or any series within the class will be determined by the Board of Directors prior to any issuance. None of this stock has been issued to date.

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Net Income Per Share

The following table reflects net income (numerator) and average shares outstanding (denominator) for basic and diluted net income per share computations:

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	4,184	$	13,368	$	26,894	$	26,600

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		24,140		22,560		23,489		22,538
Dilutive securities		239		179		242		199
Weighted average shares outstanding- diluted		24,379		22,739		23,731		22,737

Net income per share - basic	$	0.17	$	0.59	$	1.14	$	1.18
Net income per share - diluted		0.17		0.59		1.13		1.17

Certain SARs that were excluded from the EPS calculation because their impact was antidilutive were as follows:

Three months ended

Six months ended

(shares in thousands)

June 30,

2021

2020

2021

2020

Antidilutive SARs

248

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Stock-Based Compensation

The fair value of all stock-based awards granted, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized as compensation expense over the respective service period.

At Bancorp's 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, shareholders approved the 2015 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan and authorized the shares available from the expiring 2005 plan for future awards under the 2015 plan. In 2018, shareholders approved an additional 500,000 shares for issuance under the plan. As of June 30, 2021, there were 356,000 shares available for future awards. The 2005 Stock Incentive Plan expired in April 2015 and SARs granted under this plan expire as late as 2025. The 2015 Stock Incentive Plan has no defined expiration date.

SAR Grants – SARs granted have a vesting schedule of 20 % per year and expire ten years after the grant date unless forfeited due to employment termination.

Fair values of SARs are estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, a leading formula for calculating such value. This model requires the input of assumptions, changes to which can materially impact the fair value estimate. The following assumptions were used in SAR valuations at the grant date in each year:

Assumptions	2021			2020
Dividend yield		2.52	%		2.51	%
Expected volatility		25.21	%		20.87	%
Risk free interest rate		1.23	%		1.25	%
Expected life (in years)		7.1			7.1

Dividend yield and expected volatility are based on historical information for Bancorp corresponding to the expected life of SARs granted. Expected volatility is the volatility of underlying shares for the expected term calculated on a monthly basis. The risk free interest rate is the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the awards. The expected life of SARs is based on actual experience of past like-term SARs. Bancorp evaluates historical exercise and post-vesting termination behavior when determining the expected life.

RSA Grants – RSAs granted to officers vest over five years. For all grants prior to 2015, grantees are entitled to dividend payments during the vesting period. For grants in 2015 and forward, dividends are deferred until shares are vested. Fair value of RSAs is equal to the market value of the shares on the date of grant.

PSU Grants – PSUs vest based upon service and a three -year performance period, which begins January 1 of the first year of the performance period. Because grantees are not entitled to dividend payments during the performance period, the fair value of these PSUs is estimated based upon the market value of the underlying shares on the date of grant, adjusted for non-payment of dividends. Grants require a one -year post-vesting holding period and therefore the fair value of such grants incorporates a liquidity discount related to the holding period of 6.1 % and 4.4 % for 2021 and 2020.

RSU Grants – RSUs are only granted to non-employee directors, are time-based and vest 12 months after grant date. Because grantees are entitled to deferred dividend payments at the end of the vesting period, therefore the fair value of the RSUs equals market value of underlying shares on the date of grant.

In the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, Bancorp awarded 7,758 and 6,570 RSUs to non-employee directors of Bancorp with a grant date fair value of $ 315,000 and $ 270,000 , respectively.

Bancorp utilized cash of $ 208,000 and $ 224,000 during the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively, for the purchase of shares upon the vesting of RSUs.

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Bancorp has recognized stock-based compensation expense for SARs, RSAs and PSUs within compensation expense and RSUs for directors within other non-interest expense, as follows:

	Three months ended June 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Stock Appreciation Rights			Restricted Stock Awards			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Total

Expense	$	86		$	337		$	78		$	913		$	1,414
Deferred tax benefit		( 18	)		( 71	)		( 16	)		( 192	)		( 297	)
Total net expense	$	68		$	266		$	62		$	721		$	1,117

	Three months ended June 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Stock Appreciation Rights			Restricted Stock Awards			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Total

Expense	$	87		$	317		$	67		$	505		$	976
Deferred tax benefit		( 18	)		( 67	)		( 14	)		( 106	)		( 205	)
Total net expense	$	69		$	250		$	53		$	399		$	771

	Six months ended June 30, 2021
(in thousands)	Stock Appreciation Rights			Restricted Stock Awards			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Total

Expense	$	175		$	666		$	154		$	1,268		$	2,263
Deferred tax benefit		( 37	)		( 140	)		( 32	)		( 267	)		( 476	)
Total net expense	$	138		$	526		$	122		$	1,001		$	1,787

	Six months ended June 30, 2020
(in thousands)	Stock Appreciation Rights			Restricted Stock Awards			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units			Total

Expense	$	177		$	643		$	135		$	838		$	1,793
Deferred tax benefit		( 37	)		( 135	)		( 28	)		( 177	)		( 377	)
Total net expense	$	140		$	508		$	107		$	661		$	1,416

Detail of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense follows:

	Stock
(in thousands)	*Appreciation*		*Restricted*		*Restricted*		*Performance*
Year ended	*Rights*		*Stock Awards*		*Stock Units*		*Stock Units*		*Total*

Remainder of 2021	$	175	$	651	$	158	$	1,292	$	2,276
2022		305		1,106		3		1,453		2,867
2023		230		894		—		711		1,835
2024		124		645		—		—		769
2025		65		385		—		—		450
2026		9		35		—		—		44
Total estimated expense	$	908	$	3,716	$	161	$	3,456	$	8,241

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The following table summarizes SARs activity and related information:

													Weighted
							*Weighted*				*Weighted*		*average*
							*average*		*Aggregate*		*average*		*remaining*
				*Exercise*			*exercise*		*intrinsic*		*fair*		*contractual*
(in thousands, except per share data)	*SARs*			*price*			*price*		*value(1)*		*value*		*life (in years)*

Outstanding, January 1, 2020		641		$ 14.02	-	$ 40	$	25.06	$	10,250	$	4.10		5.3
Granted		48		37.30	-	37.30		37.30		154		5.80
Exercised		( 96	)	14.02	-	25.76		16.33		2,401		2.88
Forfeited		—			—			—		—		—
Outstanding, December 31, 2020		593		$ 15.24	-	$ 40	$	27.47	$	7,706	$	4.44		5.1

Outstanding, January 1, 2021		593		$ 15.24	-	$ 40	$	27.47	$	7,706	$	4.44		5.1
Granted		28		50.71	-	50.71		50.71		5		9.75
Exercised		( 76	)	15.24	-	15.84		15.31		2,815		2.58
Forfeited		—			—			—		—		—
Outstanding, June 30, 2021		545		$ 15.24	-	$ 50.71	$	30.40	$	11,165	$	4.98		5.4

Vested and exercisable		388		$ 15.24	-	$ 40	$	26.48	$	9,475	$	4.30		4.4
Unvested		157		33.08	-	50.71		40.11		1,690		6.68		8.0
Outstanding, June 30, 2021		545		$ 15.24	-	$ 50.71	$	30.40	$	11,165	$	4.98		5.4

Vested in the current year		53		$ 25.76	-	$ 40	$	33.98	$	899	$	5.43

( 1 ) – Aggregate intrinsic value for SARs is defined as the amount by which the current market price of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise or grant price.

The following table summarizes activity for RSAs granted:

				Grant date
				weighted
(in thousands, except per share data)	RSAs			average cost

Unvested at January 1, 2020		108		$	34.31
Shares awarded		36			39.30
Restrictions lapsed and shares released		( 41	)		32.38
Shares forfeited		( 4	)		36.63
Unvested at December 31, 2020		99		$	36.85

Unvested at January 1, 2021		99		$	36.85
Shares awarded		39			46.90
Restrictions lapsed and shares released		( 33	)		35.45
Shares forfeited		( 2	)		40.98
Unvested at June 30, 2021		103		$	41.02

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Shares expected to be awarded for PSUs granted to executive officers of Bancorp, the three -year performance period for which began January 1 of the award year, are as follows:

	Vesting				Expected
Grant	*period*		*Fair*		*shares to*
year	*in years*		*value*		*be awarded*
2019		3	$	32.03		62,291
2020		3		32.27		65,111
2021		3		44.44		47,280

( 18 )

Derivative Financial Instruments

Periodically, Bancorp enters into interest rate swap transactions with borrowers who desire to hedge exposure to rising interest rates, while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, with substantially matching terms, with another approved independent counterparty. These are undesignated derivative instruments and are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. Because of matching terms of offsetting contracts and collateral provisions mitigating any non-performance risk, changes in fair value subsequent to initial recognition have an insignificant effect on earnings. Exchanges of cash flows related to undesignated interest rate swap agreements were offsetting and therefore had no effect on Bancorp’s earnings or cash flows.

Interest rate swap agreements derive their value from underlying interest rates. These transactions involve both credit and market risk. Notional amounts are amounts on which calculations, payments and the value of the derivative are based. Notional amounts do not represent direct credit exposures. Direct credit exposure is limited to the net difference between the calculated amounts to be received and paid, if any. Bancorp is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to these agreements. Bancorp mitigates the credit risk of its financial contracts through credit approvals, collateral and monitoring procedures, and does not expect any counterparties to fail their obligations.

Bancorp had outstanding undesignated interest rate swap contracts as follows:

	Receiving				Paying
	June 30,		December 31,		June 30,		December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Notional amount	$	139,753	$	119,940	$	139,753	$	119,940
Weighted average maturity (years)		7.4		7.8		7.4		7.8
Fair value	$	5,668	$	8,374	$	5,683	$	8,391

In 2016, Bancorp entered into an interest rate swap to hedge cash flows of a $ 10 million rolling fixed-rate three -month FHLB borrowing. The swap began December 6, 2016 and matures December 6, 2021. For purposes of hedging, rolling fixed rate advances are considered to be floating rate liabilities. Interest rate swaps involve exchange of Bancorp’s floating rate interest payments for fixed rate swap payments on underlying principal amounts. These swaps were designated and qualified, for cash-flow hedge accounting. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedging instruments, the effective portion of gains or losses is reported as a component of AOCI, and is subsequently reclassified into earnings as an adjustment to interest expense in periods for which the hedged forecasted transaction impacts earnings.

The following table details Bancorp’s derivative position designated as a cash flow hedge, and the related fair value:

(dollars in thousands)
							Fair value
Notional		Maturity	Receive (variable)	Pay fixed			assets (liabilities)
amount		date	index	swap rate			June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
$	10,000	December 6, 2021	Three Month LIBOR		1.89	%	$	( 77	)	$	( 160	)

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( 19 )

Regulatory Matters

Bancorp and the Bank are subject to capital regulations in accordance with Basel III, as administered by banking regulators. Regulatory agencies measure capital adequacy within a framework that makes capital requirements, in part, dependent on the individual risk profiles of financial institutions. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on Bancorp’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Holding Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of Bancorp’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items, as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators regarding components, risk weightings and other factors.

Banking regulators have categorized the Bank as well-capitalized. To meet the definition of well-capitalized, a bank must have a minimum 6.5 % Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 8.0 % Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 10.0 % Total Risk-Based Capital ratio and 5.0 % Tier 1 Leverage ratio.

Additionally, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, Bancorp and the Bank must hold a 2.5 % capital conservation buffer composed of Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital above the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio and Total Risk-Based Capital ratio necessary to be considered adequately-capitalized. At June 30, 2020, the adequately-capitalized minimums, including the capital conservation buffer, were a 6.0 % Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 8.5 % Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio and 10.5 % Total Risk-Based Capital ratio. The capital conservation buffer was phased in starting in 2016 at 0.625 % and was fully implemented at 2.5 % effective January 1, 2019.

Bancorp continues to exceed the regulatory requirements for all calculations. Bancorp and the Bank intend to maintain a capital position that meets or exceeds the “well-capitalized” requirements as defined by the FRB and the FDIC, in addition to the capital conservation buffer.

The following table sets forth consolidated Bancorp’s and the Bank’s risk based capital amounts and ratios:

(dollars in thousands)	Actual					Minimum for adequately capitalized					Minimum for well capitalized
June 30, 2021	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio

Total risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated	$	568,393		12.80	%	$	355,196		8.00	%	NA		NA
Bank		551,391		12.46			354,061		8.00		$	442,576		10.00	%

Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated		523,433		11.79			199,798		4.50		NA		NA
Bank		506,431		11.44			199,159		4.50			287,674		6.50

Tier 1 risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated		523,433		11.79			266,397		6.00		NA		NA
Bank		506,431		11.44			265,545		6.00			354,061		8.00

Leverage (2)
Consolidated		523,433		10.26			204,011		4.00		NA		NA
Bank		506,431		9.95			203,510		4.00			254,388		5.00

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(dollars in thousands)	Actual					Minimum for adequately capitalized					Minimum for well capitalized
December 31, 2020	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio

Total risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated	$	470,648		13.36	%	$	281,887		8.00	%	NA		NA
Bank		456,302		12.99			281,106		8.00		$	351,383		10.00	%

Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated		430,886		12.23			158,556		4.50		NA		NA
Bank		416,540		11.85			158,122		4.50			228,399		6.50

Tier 1 risk-based capital (1)
Consolidated		430,886		12.23			211,407		6.00		NA		NA
Bank		416,540		11.85			210,830		6.00			281,106		8.00

Leverage (2)
Consolidated		430,886		9.57			180,123		4.00		NA		NA
Bank		416,540		9.26			179,845		4.00			224,807		5.00

( 1 ) Ratio is computed in relation to risk-weighted assets.

( 2 ) Ratio is computed in relation to average assets.

NA – Not Applicable

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( 20 )

Segments

Bancorp’s principal activities include commercial banking and WM&T. Commercial banking provides a full range of loan and deposit products to individual consumers and businesses. Commercial banking also includes Bancorp’s mortgage banking and investment products sales activity. WM&T provides investment management, financial & retirement planning and trust & estate services, as well as retirement plan management for businesses and corporations in all markets in which Bancorp operates. The magnitude of WM&T revenue distinguishes Bancorp from other community banks of similar asset size.

Financial information for each business segment reflects that which is specifically identifiable or allocated based on an internal allocation method. Income taxes are allocated based on the effective federal income tax rate adjusted for any tax-exempt activity. All tax-exempt activity and provision have been allocated fully to the commercial banking segment. Measurement of performance of business segments is based on the management structure of Bancorp and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Information presented is also not necessarily indicative of the segments’ operations if they were independent entities.

Principally, all of the net assets of Bancorp are involved in the commercial banking segment. Goodwill of $ 136.5 million, of which $ 682,000 relates to a bank acquisition in 1996, $ 11.8 million relates to the 2019 KSB acquisition and $ 124.0 million relates to the KB acquisition, has been assigned to the commercial banking segment. Assets assigned to WM&T primarily consist of net premises and equipment and a receivable related to fees earned that have not been collected.

Selected financial information by business segment follows:

	Three months ended June 30, 2021						Three months ended June 30, 2020

	*Commercial*						*Commercial*
(in thousands)	*Banking*		*WM&T*		*Total*		*Banking*		*WM&T*		*Total*

Net interest income	$	41,516	$	68	$	41,584	$	33,443	$	85	$	33,528
Provision for credit losses		4,147		—		4,147		7,025		—		7,025
Wealth management and trust services		—		6,858		6,858		—		5,726		5,726
All other non-interest income		8,930		—		8,930		6,896		—		6,896
Non-interest expenses		44,481		3,696		48,177		20,288		3,121		23,409
Income before income tax expense		1,818		3,230		5,048		13,026		2,690		15,716
Income tax expense		190		674		864		1,764		584		2,348
Net income	$	1,628	$	2,556	$	4,184	$	11,262	$	2,106	$	13,368

Segment assets	$	6,084,185	$	3,887	$	6,088,072	$	4,330,893	$	3,640	$	4,334,533

	Six months ended June 30, 2021						Six months ended June 30, 2020

	*Commercial*						*Commercial*
(in thousands)	*Banking*		*WM&T*		*Total*		*Banking*		*WM&T*		*Total*

Net interest income	$	79,258	$	151	$	79,409	$	65,804	$	170	$	65,974
Provision for credit losses		2,672		—		2,672		12,950		—		12,950
Wealth management and trust services		—		13,106		13,106		—		11,944		11,944
All other non-interest income		16,526		—		16,526		13,214		—		13,214
Non-interest expenses		66,177		6,973		73,150		40,551		6,433		46,984
Income before income tax expense		26,935		6,284		33,219		25,517		5,681		31,198
Income tax expense		4,988		1,337		6,325		3,365		1,233		4,598
Net income	$	21,947	$	4,947	$	26,894	$	22,152	$	4,448	$	26,600

Segment assets	$	6,084,185	$	3,887	$	6,088,072	$	4,330,893	$	3,640	$	4,334,533

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( 21 )

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of Bancorp’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized within non-interest income. The table below presents Bancorp’s sources of non-interest income with items outside the scope of ASC 606 noted as such:

	Three months ended June 30, 2021						Three months ended June 30, 2020

	*Commercial*
(in thousands)	*Banking*		*WM&T*		*Total*		*Commercial*		*WM&T*		*Total*
Wealth management and trust services	$	—	$	6,858	$	6,858	$	—	$	5,726	$	5,726
Deposit service charges		1,233		—		1,233		800		—		800
Debit and credit card income		3,284		—		3,284		2,063		—		2,063
Treasury management fees		1,730		—		1,730		1,249		—		1,249
Mortgage banking income(1)		1,303		—		1,303		1,622		—		1,622
Net investment product sales commissions and fees		545		—		545		391		—		391
Bank owned life insurance(1)		206		—		206		176		—		176
Other(2)		629		—		629		595		—		595
Total non-interest income	$	8,930	$	6,858	$	15,788	$	6,896	$	5,726	$	12,622

	Six months ended June 30, 2021						Six months ended June 30, 2020

	Commercial
(Dollars in thousands)	Banking		WM&T		*Total*		Commercial		WM&T		*Total*
Wealth management and trust services	$	—	$	13,106	$	13,106	$	—	$	11,944	$	11,944
Deposit service charges		2,177		—		2,177		2,083		—		2,083
Debit and credit card income		5,557		—		5,557		4,043		—		4,043
Treasury management fees		3,270		—		3,270		2,533		—		2,533
Mortgage banking income(1)		2,747		—		2,747		2,468		—		2,468
Net investment product sales commissions and fees		1,009		—		1,009		857		—		857
Bank owned life insurance(1)		367		—		367		355		—		355
Other(2)		1,399		—		1,399		875		—		875
Total non-interest income	$	16,526	$	13,106	$	29,632	$	13,214	$	11,944	$	25,158

( 1 ) Outside of the scope of ASC 606.

( 2 ) Outside of the scope of ASC 606, with the exception of safe deposit fees which were nominal for all periods.

Bancorp’s revenue on the consolidated statement of income is categorized by product type, which effectively depicts how the nature, timing and extent of cash flows are affected by economic factors. Revenue sources within the scope of ASC 606 are discussed below:

Bancorp earns fees from its deposit customers for transaction-based, account management and overdraft services. Transaction-based fees, which include services such as ATM use fees and stop payments fees, are recognized at the time the transaction is executed, as that is when the company fulfills the performance obligation. Account management fees are earned over the course of a month and charged in the month in which the services are provided.

Treasury management transaction fees are recognized at the time the transaction is executed, as that is when the company fulfills the performance obligation. Account analysis fees are earned over the course of a month and charged in the month in which the services are provided. Treasury management fees are withdrawn from customers’ account balances.

WM&T provides customers fiduciary and investment management services as agreed upon in asset management contracts. The contracts require WM&T to provide a series of distinct services for which fees are earned over time. The contracts are cancellable upon demand with fees typically based upon the asset value of investments. Revenue is accrued and recognized monthly based upon month-end asset values and collected from the customer predominately in the following month except for a small percentage of fees collected quarterly. Incentive compensation related to WM&T activities is considered a cost of obtaining the contract. Contracts between WM&T and customers do not permit performance-based fees and accordingly, none of the fee income earned by WM&T is performance-based. Trust fees receivable were $ 2.6 million and $ 2.2 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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Investment products sales commissions and fees represent the Bank’s share of transaction fees and wrap fees resulting from investment services and programs provided through an agent relationship with a third party broker-dealer. Transaction fees are assessed at the time of the transaction. Those fees are collected and recognized on a monthly basis. Trailing fees are based upon market values and are assessed, collected and recognized on a quarterly basis. Because the Bank acts as an agent in arranging the relationship between the customer and third party provider, and does not control the services rendered, investment product sales commissions and fees are reported net of related costs, including nominal incentive compensation, and trading activity charges of $ 289,000 and $ 283,000 for the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

Debit and credit card revenue primarily consists of debit and credit card interchange income. Interchange income represents fees assessed within the payment card system for acceptance of card-based transactions. Interchange fees are assessed as the performance obligation is satisfied, which is at the point in time the card transaction is authorized. Revenue is collected and recognized daily through the payment network settlement process.

Bancorp did not establish any contract assets or liabilities as a result of adopting ASC 606, nor were any recognized during the first three months of 2021.

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( 22 )

Leases

Bancorp has operating leases for various branch locations with terms ranging from two months to 19 years, some of which include options to extend the leases in five -year increments. A total of seven operating leases were added as a result of the KB acquisition. Options reasonably expected to be exercised are included in determination of the right-of-use asset. Bancorp elected the practical expedient to expense short-term lease obligations associated with leases with original terms of 12 months or less. Bancorp elected not to separate non-lease components from lease components for its operating leases. The right-of-use lease asset and operating lease liability are recorded in premises and equipment and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

Balance sheet, income statement and cash flow detail regarding operating leases follows:

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020

Balance Sheet
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$	15,937		$	12,100
Operating lease liability		17,462			13,476

Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		9.7			8.6
Weighted average discount rate		3.02	%		3.37	%

Maturities of lease liabilities:
One year or less	$	1,307		$	2,087
Year two		2,634			2,107
Year three		2,673			2,141
Year four		2,408			1,899
Year five		1,924			1,469
Greater than five years		9,308			5,882
Total lease payments	$	20,254		$	15,585
Less imputed interest		2,792			2,109
Total	$	17,462		$	13,476

	Three months ended		Three months ended
(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020
Income Statement
Components of lease expense:
Operating lease cost	$	520	$	473
Variable lease cost		62		45
Less sublease income		13		25
Total lease cost	$	569	$	493

	Six months ended		Six months ended
(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020
Income Statement
Components of lease expense:
Operating lease cost	$	1,007	$	943
Variable lease cost		113		87
Less sublease income		27		38
Total lease cost	$	1,093	$	992

	Six months ended		Six months ended
(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		June 30, 2020
Cash flow Statement
Supplemental cash flow information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	1,190	$	1,104

As of June 30, 2021, Bancorp had not entered into any lease agreements that had yet to commence.

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( 23 )

Subsequent Event

Effective August 3, 2021, Bancorp executed a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (“agreement”), pursuant to which Bancorp will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of privately-owned Commonwealth Bancshares, Inc. Commonwealth Bancshares, Inc., headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, is the holding company for Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company (collectively referred to as “Commonwealth”), which operates 16 retail branches, including 10 in Jefferson County, four in Shelby counties and two in Northern Kentucky.

Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company will acquire all outstanding common stock in a combined stock and cash transaction, resulting in total consideration to Commonwealth’s shareholders of approximately $ 153 million. Bancorp will fund the cash payment portion of the acquisition through existing resources on-hand.

The acquisition is expected to close during the fourth quarter of 2021, subject to customary regulatory approval and completion of customary closing conditions. As of June 30, 2021, Commonwealth reported approximately $ 1.3 billion in assets, $ 733 million in loans, $ 1.1 billion in deposits and $ 86 million in tangible common equity. Commonwealth also maintains a Wealth Management and Trust Department with total assets under management of $ 2.6 billion at June 30, 2021. The combined franchise will serve customers through 78 branches with total assets of approximately $ 7.4 billion, $ 4.9 billion in gross loans, $ 6.4 billion in deposits and over $ 7.0 billion in trust assets under management.

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Item 2.

Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SYB and the Captive, collectively referred to as “Bancorp” or the “Company.” All significant inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Bancorp is a FHC headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Established in 1904, SYB is a state-chartered non-member financial institution that provides services in Louisville, central, eastern and northern Kentucky, as well as the Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan markets through 63 full-service banking center locations. The captive is a Nevada-based, wholly-owned insurance subsidiary of the Company, which was retained in conjunction with the KB acquisition and will provide insurance coverage not currently provided by Bancorp’s commercial policies to Bancorp and SYB as well as a group of third-party insurance captives upon renewal of related policies during the third quarter of 2021.

This section presents management’s perspective on our financial condition and results of operations. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes presented in Part 1 Item 1 “ Financial Statements ” and other information appearing in Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. To the extent that this discussion describes prior performance, the descriptions relate only to the periods listed, which may not be indicative of Bancorp’s future financial outcomes. In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause results to differ materially from management’s expectations.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains statements relating to future results of Bancorp that are considered “forward-looking” as defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The forward-looking statements are principally, but not exclusively, contained in Part I Item 2 “ Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. ”

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the statement. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “aim,” “can,” “conclude,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “foresee,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “outlook,” “possible,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “will likely,” “would,” or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Forward-looking statements detail management’s expectations regarding the future and are based on information known to management only as of the date the statements are made and management undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date forward-looking statements are made, except as required by applicable law.

There is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements include, among other things:

●

impact of COVID-19 on Bancorp’s business, including the impact of the actions taken by governmental authorities to try and contain the pandemic or address the impact of the pandemic on the U.S. economy (including, without limitation, the CARES Act and other relief efforts), and the resulting effect of all of such items on our operations, liquidity and capital position, and on the financial condition of Bancorp’s borrowers and other customers;

●

changes in or forecasts of future political and economic conditions;

●

accuracy of assumptions and estimates used in establishing the ACL on loans, ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures and other estimates;

●

impairment of investment securities, goodwill, MSRs, other intangible assets or DTAs;

●

ability to effectively navigate an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruptions;

●

changes in laws and regulations or the interpretation thereof;

●

changes in fiscal, monetary, and/or regulatory policies;

●

changes in tax polices including but not limited to changes in federal and state statutory rates;

●

behavior of securities and capital markets, including changes in market volatility and liquidity;

●

ability to effectively manage capital and liquidity;

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●

long-term and short-term interest rate fluctuations, as well as the shape of the U.S. Treasury yield curve;

●

the magnitude and frequency of changes to the FFTR implemented by the Federal Open Market Committee of the FRB;

●

competitive product and pricing pressures;

●

projections of revenue, expenses, capital expenditures, losses, EPS, dividends, capital structure, etc.;

●

descriptions of plans or objectives for future operations, products, or services;

●

integration of acquired financial institutions;

●

changes in the credit quality of Bancorp’s customers and counterparties, deteriorating asset quality and charge-off levels;

●

changes in technology instituted by Bancorp, its counterparties or competitors;

●

changes to or the effectiveness of Bancorp’s overall internal control environment;

●

adequacy of Bancorp’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;

●

changes in applicable accounting standards, including the introduction of new accounting standards;

●

changes in investor sentiment or consumer/business spending or savings behavior;

●

ability to appropriately address social, environmental and sustainability concerns that may arise from business activities;

●

integration of acquired businesses or future acquisitions;

●

occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities, including health emergencies, the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics or outbreaks of hostilities, and Bancorp’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;

●

ability to maintain the security of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operational systems and facilities;

●

ability to withstand disruptions that may be caused by any failure of its operational systems or those of third parties;

●

ability to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks or other attempts by unauthorized parties to access information of Bancorp or its customers or to disrupt systems; and

●

other risks and uncertainties reported from time-to-time in Bancorp’s filings with the SEC, including Part I Item 1A “ Risk Factors ” of Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Bancorp executed a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (“agreement”), dated as of August 3, 2021, to acquire Commonwealth Bancshares, Inc. and its subsidiary Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company (collectively referred to as “Commonwealth”). This document also contains statements regarding the proposed acquisition transaction that are not statements of historical fact and are considered forward-looking statements within the criteria described above. These statements are likewise subject to various risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results and outcomes of the proposed transaction to differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results or outcomes expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements. In addition to factors disclosed in reports filed by Bancorp with the SEC, risks and uncertainties for Bancorp, Commonwealth and the combined company include, but are not limited to: the possibility that some or all of the anticipated benefits of the proposed merger will not be realized or will not be realized within the expected time period; the risk that integration of Commonwealth’s operations with those of Bancorp will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected; the parties’ inability to meet expectations regarding the timing, completion and accounting and tax treatments of the merger; the inability to complete the merger due to the failure of Commonwealth’s shareholders to adopt the merger agreement; the failure to satisfy other conditions to completion of the merger, including receipt of required regulatory and other approvals; the failure of the proposed transaction to close for any other reason; diversion of management's attention from ongoing business operations and opportunities due to the merger; the challenges of integrating and retaining key employees; the effect of the announcement of the merger on Bancorp’s, Commonwealth’s or the combined company’s respective customer and employee relationships and operating results; the possibility that the merger may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events; dilution caused by Bancorp’s issuance of additional shares of common stock in connection with the merger; the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy and financial market conditions and the business, results of operations and financial condition of Bancorp, Commonwealth and the combined company; and general competitive, economic, political and market conditions and fluctuations.

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Acquisition of Kentucky Banchares, Inc.

On May 31, 2021, Bancorp completed its acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Kentucky Bank, collectively defined as “KB,” a commercial bank and trust company operating 19 branches throughout central and eastern Kentucky with approximately $1.3 billion in assets, $755 million in loans, $396 million in AFS debt securities and $1.0 billion in deposits at the time of acquisition. Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. was also the holding company for an insurance captive, which Bancorp acquired and retained. Bancorp acquired all outstanding common stock of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. in a combined stock and cash transaction that resulted in total consideration paid to Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. shareholders of $233 million.

As a result of the completion of the acquisition, Bancorp recorded goodwill of $124 million and incurred pre-tax merger related expenses totaling $18.1 million and $18.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. Net income from the Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. acquisition is expected to be accretive to Bancorp’s overall operating results beginning in 2022.

The acquisition of KB had a significant impact on the ACL and loan loss provisioning for the quarter ending June 30, 2021. The ACL on loans was also increased $6.8 million as a result of the PCD loan portfolio added as a result of the acquisition, with the corresponding offset recorded to goodwill (as opposed to provision expense). In addition, credit loss expense on loans associated with the acquired non-PCD loan portfolio totaled $7.4 million for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. In total, acquisition-related activity served to increase the ACL $14.2 million during the second quarter.

Pending Acquisition of Commonwealth Banchsares, Inc. and its Subsidiary Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company

Effective August 3, 2021, Bancorp executed a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (“agreement”), pursuant to which Bancorp will acquire all of the outstanding common stock of privately-owned Commonwealth Bancshares, Inc. (“Commonwealth”). Commonwealth Bancshares Inc., headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, is the holding company for Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company (collectively referred to as “Commonwealth”), which operates 16 retail branches, including 10 in Jefferson County, four in Shelby County and two in northern Kentucky.

Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company will acquire all outstanding common stock in a combined stock and cash transaction, resulting in total consideration to Commonwealth’s shareholders of approximately $151 million. Bancorp will fund the cash payment portion of the acquisition through existing resources on-hand.

The acquisition is expected to close during the fourth quarter of 2021, subject to customary regulatory approval and completion of customary closing conditions. As of June 30, 2021, Commonwealth reported approximately $1.3 billion in assets, $733 million in loans, $1.1 billion in deposits and $86 million in tangible common equity. Commonwealth also maintains a Wealth Management and Trust Department with total assets under management of $2.6 billion at June 30, 2021. The combined franchise will serve customers through 78 branches with total assets of approximately $7.4 billion, $4.9 billion in gross loans, $6.4 billion in deposits and over $7.0 billion in trust assets under management.

Issued but Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards Updates

For disclosure regarding the impact to Bancorp’s financial statements of issued-but-not-yet-effective ASUs, see the footnote titled “ Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” of Part I Item 1 “ Financial Statements .”

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Business Segment Overview

Bancorp is divided into two reportable segments: Commercial Banking and WM&T:

Commercial Banking provides a full range of loan and deposit products to individual consumers and businesses in all its markets through retail lending, mortgage banking, deposit services, online banking, mobile banking, private banking, commercial lending, treasury management services, merchant services, international banking, correspondent banking and other banking services. The Bank also offers securities brokerage services via its banking center network through an arrangement with a third party broker-dealer in the Commercial Banking segment.

Overview – Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. and efforts to contain both the virus and the related economic fallout have had a complex and significant impact on the economy, the banking industry and Bancorp. While the distribution of vaccinations, continued easing of restrictions on public commerce and business activities, and stabilizing unemployment levels have been positive developments in recent months, the impact of the pandemic upon Bancorp, the Bank and its customers remains uncertain.

Bancorp’s financial condition and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 have been significantly impacted by the following pandemic-related factors, among others:

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The sustained low interest rate environment and related NIM compression

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Significant participation in the SBA’s PPP

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Federal stimulus action for individuals, including stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits, among many other factors

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Overall excess balance sheet liquidity

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The FRB’s Seasonally Adjusted National Civilian Unemployment Rate forecast and the resulting impact to the ACL on loans and off balance sheet credit exposures

The FRB’s decision to lower the FFTR 150 bps in March of 2020 in response to the pandemic lowered the FFTR to a range of 0%-0.25% and Prime to 3.25%, where both remained as of June 30, 2021. Consistent with the rate drops, key benchmark rates, such as the five-year treasury rate and one-month LIBOR, declined dramatically and generally remained low through the first and second quarters of 2021. While the interest rate environment has improved through the first half of 2021, key rates remain well below pre-pandemic levels.

Bancorp’s participation in the PPP has resulted in approximately 5,500 PPP loan originations totaling $887 million (net of unearned deferred fees and costs) since the program’s inception as part of the CARES Act, which was signed into law in March 2020. While the first round of PPP expired in August 2020, legislative action created a second round of funding for the program and subsequently extended the program to May 31, 2021.

As part of the first round of the PPP, Bancorp originated approximately 3,400 PPP loans totaling $637 million (net of unearned deferred fees and costs). As of June 30, 2021, 82% of the dollars originated in the first round have been forgiven and another 10% are in the process of being forgiven by the SBA. Further, approximately 95% of the $19.6 million in net fees received for this round have been recognized life to date. These borrowers are required to begin making payments in July, which will likely further accelerate forgiveness submissions for the remaining loans in coming months.

As part of the second round of the PPP, Bancorp originated over 2,100 PPP loans totaling $250 million (net of unearned deferred fees and costs). As of June 30, 2021, 3% of the dollars originated in the second round have been forgiven and 11% of the $11.4 million in net fees received for this round have been recognized life to date. As these borrowers are not required to make payments for 16 months, Bancorp expects a significant portion of these borrowers will seek forgiveness in early to mid-2022 in connection with their tax return preparation.

As of June 30, 2021, PPP loans originated by Kentucky Bank and acquired by Bancorp totaled $16 million.

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Interest and fee income earned on the PPP portfolio totaled $6.9 million and $13.9 million for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021, respectively, representing increases of $3.5 million and $10.5 million over the same periods of the prior year. Forgiveness activity that accelerated the recognition of related fee income drove a $6.6 million, or 18%, and $9.2 million, or 13%, increase in total interest income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of 2020. As of June 30, 2021, Bancorp had $11.6 million of net unearned deferred fees that have yet to be recognized and as a result, PPP loan forgiveness will have a major impact on operating results for the remainder of 2021 and the first part of 2022.

As a result of the PPP originations, forgiveness activity, record deposit levels and historically low interest rates, excess liquidity has created NIM compression, as well as challenges associated with deploying idle cash. Bancorp has made substantial investment in the AFS debt securities portfolio over the past several months in an effort to deploy excess liquidity, however, prepayment activity within the MBS portfolio has made it challenging to grow the portfolio.

The ACL for loans (excluding acquisition related activity) was reduced $3.9 million between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021, a stark contrast from the $11.1 million reserve build recorded between December 31, 2019 and June 30, 2020, which were separate and subsequent to the increases recorded effective January 1, 2020 in relation to the initial adoption of CECL. The pandemic had a material impact on ACL calculations in 2020, as provisioning surged amidst changes in forecasted economic conditions, especially the FRB’s Seasonally Adjusted National Civilian Unemployment Rate. After peaking towards the middle of last year, unemployment forecasts have improved, as have other underlying CECL model factors, resulting in the provision reduction recorded during the first and second quarters of 2021.

While separate from the ACL on loans and recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, the ACL on off balance sheet credit exposures also experienced a decrease between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021. A net benefit of was recorded as provision for credit losses on off balance sheet exposures during the first half of 2021, as loss factors associated with the calculation similarly improved in recent months despite line of credit utilization, while improving some, remained at low levels. The ACL for off balance sheet credit exposures stood at $4.8 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $5.4 million as of December 31, 2020.

Bancorp has not incurred any significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and has not incurred significant resource constraints through the implementation of its business continuity plans and does not anticipate incurring such issues in the future. Bancorp has not made, and at this time does not expect to make, any material staffing or compensation changes as a result of the pandemic.

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Overview – Operating Results (FTE)

The following table presents an overview of Bancorp’s financial performance for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)							Variance
Three months ended June 30 ,	2021			2020			$/bp			%

Net income	$	4,184		$	13,368		$	(9,184	)		-69	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.17		$	0.59		$	(0.42	)		-71	%
ROA		0.32	%		1.25	%	(93) bps				-74	%
ROE		3.25	%		12.90	%	(965) bps				-75	%

Additional discussion follows under the section titled “ Results of Operations. ”

General highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020:

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Bancorp completed its acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. during the second quarter. At the time of acquisition, KB had approximately $1.3 billion in assets, $755 million in loans, $396 million in AFS debt securities and $1.0 billion in deposits.

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Net income totaled $4.2 million, resulting in diluted EPS of $0.17 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, a 71% decrease over $0.59 for the same period of 2020. Significant factors affecting the results for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 include:

The acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares included $18.1 million in merger expenses and $7.4 million in purchase accounting adjustments (mainly provision expense) for the three months ended June 30, 2021.

Total provision for credit losses was elevated for both the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, albeit for different reasons. The adoption of CECL (ASC 326) effective January 1, 2020 and subsequent pandemic-related developments, such as elevated unemployment and historic declines in line of credit utilization amidst the evolving pandemic resulted in a total provision for credit losses of $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020. While a cumulative net benefit of $3.3 million was recorded for credit losses on loans and off balance sheet credit exposures during the three months ended June 30, 2021 as a result generally improving CECL model factors, including a substantially improved unemployment forecast, a provision of $7.4 million was recorded in relation to the acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares.

Net interest income increased $8.1 million, or 24%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020 as PPP forgiveness activity accelerated fee recognition and strong growth in the non-PPP loan portfolio, both organic and through acquisition, drove a $6.6 million, or 18%, increase in total interest income. Further, a $1.5 million, or 49%, decrease in interest expense was driven by the lowering of deposit rates in tandem with FRB interest rate actions to levels at or below those offered during the Great Recession , where the remained as of June 30 ,2021.

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NIM increased 9 bps to 3.36% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 3.27% for the same period in 2020 as a result of elevated PPP income associated with forgiveness activity and lowering deposit rates to levels at or below those offered during the Great Recession, where they remain as of June 30, 2021. Both periods reflected the full effects of the FRB lowering the FFTR to a range of 0%-0.25% and Prime to 3.25% last year, where both respectively remained as of June 30, 2021. The five-year treasury rate and one-month LIBOR tumbled in tandem with these cuts as well, and while the five-year treasury has staged a recovery over the first half of 2021, it remains well below pre-pandemic levels.

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Total loans (excluding PPP loans) increased $995 million, or 35%, compared to June 30, 2020, $726 million of which was attributed to the acquisition. Average loans (excluding PPP loans) increased $466 million, or 16%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, $232 million of which was attributed to the acquisition. While increases were experienced in most loan segments between June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2021, growth over the period was highlighted by the CRE and Residential Real Estate portfolios.

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Deposit balances have remained elevated for several quarters and finished at record levels as of June 30, 2021. PPP funding, multiple federal stimulus packages and general economic uncertainty surrounding the pandemic have led to customers holding higher levels of liquidity.

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Total non-interest income increased $3.2 million, or 25%, for the three month period ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. While the quarter benefitted from one month of activity related to the acquisition, which totaled approximately $1.3 million, record levels were experienced across most non-interest revenue streams, highlighted by growth in WM&T income and increases in card income and Treasury management fees.

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Non-interest expenses increased $24.8 million, or 106%, for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, driven by merger expenses of $18.1 million and one month of activity related to the acquisition, totaling approximately $2.4 million. Further, growth in FTEs, increased technology-related expenses associated with expanded data storage and the hosted core system, as well as an early termination penalty relating to paying off FHLB advances during the quarter also contributed the increase over the three months ended June 30, 2020.

The following table presents an overview of Bancorp’s financial performance for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)							Variance
Six months ended June 30 ,	2021			2020			$/bp			%

Net income	$	26,894		$	26,600		$	294			1	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.13		$	1.17		$	(0.04	)		-3	%
ROA		1.09	%		1.33	%	(24) bps				-18	%
ROE		11.28	%		13.04	%	(176) bps				-13	%

General highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020:

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As noted in the section above, Bancorp’s acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. was completed during the second quarter.

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Net income totaled $26.9 million, resulting in diluted EPS of $1.13 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, a 3% decrease over $1.17 for the same period of 2020. Significant factors affecting the results for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 include:

The acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares included $18.5 million in merger expenses and $8.0 million purchase accounting adjustments (mainly provision expense) for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Total provision for credit losses was $2.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, representing a $10.3 million, or 79%, decrease compared to the same period of 2020. The adoption of CECL (ASC 326) effective January 1, 2020 and subsequent pandemic-related developments, such as elevated unemployment and historic declines in line of credit utilization amidst the evolving pandemic drove elevated provisioning for the six months ended June 30, 2020. While a cumulative net benefit of $4.7 million was recorded for credit losses on loans and off balance sheet credit exposures during the six months ended June 30, 2021 as a result generally improving CECL model factors, including a substantially improved unemployment forecast, a provision of $7.4 million was recorded in relation to the acquisition of Kentucky Bancshares.

Net interest income increased $13.4 million, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, as PPP forgiveness activity accelerated fee recognition and strong growth in the non-PPP loan portfolio, both organic and through acquisition, drove a $9.2 million, or 13%, increase in total interest income. Further, a $4.2 million, or 57%, decrease in interest expense was driven by the lowering of deposit rates in tandem with FRB interest rate actions to levels at or below those offered during the Great Recession, where the remained as of June 30 ,2021.

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NIM decreased 9 bps to 3.38% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 3.47% for the same period in 2020. Despite a $13.4 million, or 20%, increase in net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, which was driven largely by accelerated fee recognition associated PPP forgiveness activity, yields on earning assets have eroded consistent with the FRB lowering the FFTR a total of 150 bps in March 2020 in response to the pandemic. These rate drops drove the FFTR to a range of 0%-0.25% and Prime to 3.25%, where both respectively remained as of June 30, 2021. The five-year treasury rate and one-month LIBOR tumbled in tandem with these cuts as well, and while the five-year treasury has staged a recovery over the first six months of 2021, it remains well below pre-pandemic levels. Given the timing of the cuts, the full effects of the dramatically lower interest rate environment were not felt in the first quarter of last year, benefitting NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period of this year.

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Total loans (excluding PPP loans) increased $995 million, or 35%, compared to June 30, 2020, $726 million of which was attributed to the acquisition. Average loans (excluding PPP loans) increased $277 million, or 10%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, $117 million of which was attributed to the acquisition. While increases were experienced in most loan segments between June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2021, growth over the period was highlighted by the CRE and Residential Real Estate portfolios.

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Deposit balances have been elevated for several months and finished at record levels as of June 30, 2021. PPP funding, multiple federal stimulus packages and general economic uncertainty surrounding the pandemic have led to customers holding higher levels of liquidity.

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Total non-interest income increased $4.5 million, or 18%, for the six month period ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Every non-interest income revenue stream experienced an increase over the prior year period, led most notably by WM&T income, card income and Treasury management fees. Non-interest income attributed to the acquisition totaled $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, which represents one month of acquisition-related activity.

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Non-interest expenses increased $26.2 million, or 56%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. Merger expenses of $18.5 million drove the large increase along with additional acquisition-related non-interest expenses of $2.4 million, the latter of which represents one month of acquisition-related activity. Further, growth in FTEs, increased technology-related expenses associated with expanded data storage and the hosted core system, as well as an early termination penalty relating to paying off FHLB advances during six months ended June 30, 2021 also contributed the increase over the three months ended June 30, 2020.

Results of Operations

Net Interest Income - Overview

As is the case with most banks, Bancorp’s primary revenue sources are net interest income and fee income from various financial services provided to customers. Net interest income is the difference between interest income earned on loans, investment securities and other interest earning assets less interest expense on deposit accounts and other interest bearing liabilities. Loan volume and interest rates earned on those loans are critical to overall profitability. Similarly, deposit volume is crucial to funding loans and rates paid on deposits directly impact profitability. New business volume is influenced by economic factors including market interest rates, business spending, consumer confidence and competitive conditions within the marketplace.

Comparative information regarding net interest income follows:

(dollars in thousands)							Variance
As of and for the three months ended June 30,	2021			2020			$/bp		%

Net interest income	$	41,584		$	33,528		$	8,056		24	%
Net interest income (FTE)		41,661			33,573			8,088		24	%
Net interest spread		3.29	%		3.10	%	19 bps			6	%
Net interest margin		3.36	%		3.27	%	9 bps			3	%
Total average interest earning assets	$	4,972,914		$	4,124,046		$	848,868		21	%

(dollars in thousands)							Variance
As of and for the six months ended June 30,	2021			2020			$/bp		%

Net interest income	$	79,409		$	65,974		$	13,435		20	%
Net interest income (FTE)		79,535			66,066			13,469		20	%
Net interest spread		3.30	%		3.27	%	3 bps			1	%
Net interest margin		3.38	%		3.47	%	(9) bps			-3	%
Total average interest earning assets	$	4,751,469		$	3,823,598		$	927,871		24	%

NIM and net interest spread calculations above exclude the sold portion of certain participation loans. These sold loans are recorded on Bancorp’s balance sheet as required by GAAP because Bancorp retains some form of effective control; however, Bancorp receives no net interest income on the sold portion. These participation loans sold are excluded from analysis, as Bancorp believes it provides a more accurate depiction of the performance of its loan portfolio.

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At June 30, 2021, Bancorp’s loan portfolio was composed of approximately 72% fixed and 28% variable rate loans, with the fixed rate portion pricing (excluding PPP loans) generally based on a spread to the five-year treasury curve at the time of origination and the variable portion pricing based on an on-going spread to Prime (approximately 56%) or one-month LIBOR (approximately 44%). Excluding PPP loans, Bancorp’s loan portfolio at June 30, 2021 was composed of approximately 69% fixed and 31% variable rate loans, respectively.

Benchmark rates such as the five-year treasury and one-month LIBOR currently remain well below pre-pandemic levels and as a result, the average interest rate environment experienced for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 was substantially lower than that experienced for the same periods of 2020. The following table details the volatility experienced within the interest rate environment over the past twelve months by comparing period end and quarterly average rates:

	June 30,			March 31,			December 31,			June 30,			March 31,
	2021			2021			2020			2020			2020

Five-year Treasury note - period end		0.87	%		0.92	%		0.36	%		0.29	%		0.37	%
Five-year Treasury note - quarterly average		0.84	%		0.62	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		1.14	%
Prime rate - period end		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%
Prime rate - quarterly average		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		3.25	%		4.40	%
One-month LIBOR - period end		0.10	%		0.12	%		0.14	%		0.16	%		0.99	%
One-month LIBOR - quarterly average		0.10	%		0.12	%		0.15	%		0.35	%		1.40	%

With 56% of the variable rate loan portfolio tied to Prime and the majority with floor rates of 4.00%, short-term rates would have to increase over 75 bps for these loans to move above their floor rates given Prime is at 3.25% as of June 30, 2021. Beyond potential ongoing pricing pressure/competition and the absolute low level of rates, the current economic outlook and prospects of a sustained low-rate environment continues to pose challenges regarding potential ongoing NIM compression.

Net Interest Income (FTE) – Three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Net interest spread and NIM were 3.29% and 3.36%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 3.10% and 3.27% for the same period in 2020, respectively. NIM during the three months ended June 30, 2021 was significantly impacted by the following:

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A sustained low interest rate environment, driven by the lowering of the FFTR in mid-March 2020 to a range of 0% - 0.25%, which resulted in Prime dropping to 3.25%, where it remained as of June 30, 2021.

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PPP originations, which began in the second quarter of 2020 and continued through expiration of the program on May 31, 2021, as well as the related forgiveness activity, which accelerates the recognition of fee income on these loans and continues to have a significant effect on NIM. The PPP portfolio contributed a 20 bps benefit to NIM during the second quarter of 2021, as a result of the forgiveness-driven fee recognition. By comparison, the PPP portfolio had a negative impact of 11 bps on NIM for the second quarter of 2020 due to the large amount of originations that occurred over the three month period ended June 30, 2020 and the affect that these low-yielding, 1% stated rate notes had on NIM for that period.

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Overall excess balance sheet liquidity, which contributed approximately 18 bps of NIM compression for the three months ended June 30, 2021. By comparison, excess balance sheet liquidity contributed approximately 19 bps of NIM compression for the same period of 2020. Excess liquidity within the banking system in general has also led to a competitive loan rate environment.

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Substantial balance sheet growth, both organic and acquisition-related, which has resulted total average earning asset growth of $849 million, or 21%, and average interest-bearing liability growth of $527 million, or 20%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020.

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The lowering of deposit rates in tandem with FRB interest rate actions and beyond to levels at or below rates offered during the Great Recession, where they remained as of June 30, 2021.

Net interest income increased $8.1 million, or 24%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, due to interest and fee income associated with the PPP portfolio, substantial growth in the non-PPP loan portfolio and AFS debt securities portfolio, and the aforementioned lowering of deposit rates.

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Total average interest earning assets increased $849 million, or 21%, to $5.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period of 2020, with the average rate earned on total interest earning assets contracting 8 bps to 3.48%.

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Average loan balances increased $448 million, or 13%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, $232 million of which was attributed to the acquisition, the remainder being driven by strong organic growth. Average non-PPP loan growth of $466 million, or 16%, was partially offset by $18 million, or 3%, of contraction in the PPP portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, as forgiveness activity increased.

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Average AFS debt securities grew $381 million, or 92%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, $84 million of which was attributed to the acquisition, as cash was deployed into AFS debt securities in an effort to invest excess liquidity.

Total interest income increased $6.6 million, or 18%, to $43.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period of 2020.

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Interest and fee income on loans increased $6.0 million, or 18%, to $40.2 million and the yield on the total loan portfolio increased 15 bps to 4.19% for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, attributed largely to fee income associated with the PPP portfolio. While average balances on the non-PPP loan portfolio grew substantially and interest income on the non-PPP loan portfolio increased $2.5 million, or 8%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, the yield on the non-PPP loan portfolio decreased 31 bps to 4.00% as a result of the substantially lower interest rate environment.

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Despite significant growth in average AFS debt securities and a $676 million increase interest income on the portfolio for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, the lower interest rate environment experienced over the past twelve months weighed heavily on fixed income security yields, which decreased 67 bps, or 32%.

Total average interest bearing liabilities increased $527 million, or 20%, to $3.1 billion for the three month period ended June 30, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020, with the total average cost declining 27 bps to 0.19%.

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Average interest bearing deposits increased $555 million, or 22%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, with interest-bearing demand deposits accounting for $347 million of the increase. Interest bearing deposits added as a result of the KB acquisition drove $232 million of the increase along with continued federal stimulus action, such as PPP funding, which has propelled deposit balances to record levels over the past 12 months. Further, general economic uncertainty surrounding the pandemic has resulted in the customer base maintaining higher levels of liquidity, similar to customer behavior seen during the Great Recession.

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Consistent with the higher interest bearing deposit balances noted above, average SSUAR balances increased $14 million, or 34%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. SSUAR balances added as a result of the KB acquisition accounted for $4 million of the increase.

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Average FHLB advances decreased $45 million, or 70%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, as advances have continued to mature without renewal or replacement, including a $20 million three month advance relating to a cash flow hedge interest rate swap. In addition, Bancorp elected to pay down certain advances during the first quarter of 2021 prior to maturity without incurring pre-payment penalties. During the second quarter of 2021, Bancorp chose to payoff $14 million of term advances, with a weighted average cost of 2.03%, prior to their maturity incurring an early-termination fee of $474,000, recorded as a component non-interest expense. Bancorp made this decision due to its excess liquidity driven by the substantial deposit growth it achieved over the past 12 months, combined with the near-term outlook for low interest rates.

Total interest expense decreased $1.5 million, or 49%, for the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, a direct result of deposit rate reductions implemented in response to the falling interest rate environment and to a lesser extent, the reduction in interest expense on FHLB advances.

●

Total interest bearing deposit expense decreased $1.2 million, or 45%, driving a 23 bps decrease in the cost of average total interest bearing deposits.

●

Interest expense on FHLB advances declined $287,000, or 80%, as a result of the substantial reduction in average FHLB advances outstanding.

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Net Interest Income (FTE) – Six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to June 30, 2020

Net interest spread and NIM were 3.30% and 3.38%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to 3.27% and 3.47% for the same period in 2020, respectively. NIM during the six months ended June 30, 2021 was significantly impacted by the following:

●

PPP originations, which began in the second quarter of 2020 and continued through expiration of the program on May 31, 2021, as well as the related forgiveness activity, which accelerates the recognition of fee income on these loans and continues to have a significant effect on NIM. The PPP portfolio contributed a 22 bps benefit to NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the forgiveness-driven fee recognition. In comparison, the PPP portfolio had a negative impact of 7 bps on NIM for the six months ended June 30, 2020 due to the large amount of originations that occurred during the second quarter of 2020 and the affect that these low-yielding, 1% stated rate notes had on NIM for the period.

●

Overall excess balance sheet liquidity, which contributed approximately 16 bps of NIM compression for the six months ended June 30, 2021. By comparison, excess balance sheet liquidity contributed approximately 13 bps of NIM compression for the same period of 2020. Excess liquidity within the banking system in general has led to a competitive loan rate environment.

●

Substantial balance sheet growth, both organic and acquisition-related, which has resulted total average earning asset growth of $928 million, or 24%, and average costing liability growth of $498 million, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020.

●

The lowering of deposit rates in tandem with FRB interest rate actions and beyond to levels at or below rates offered during the Great Recession, where they remained as of June 30, 2021.

Net interest income increased $13.5 million, or 20%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, due to interest and fee income associated with the PPP portfolio, substantial growth in the non-PPP loan portfolio and AFS debt securities portfolio, and the aforementioned lowering of deposit rates.

Total average interest earning assets increased $928 million, or 24%, to $4.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period of 2020, with the average rate earned on total interest earning assets contracting 35 bps to 3.51%.

●

Average loans increased $582 million, or 18%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. While the bulk of the increase was driven by the addition of the PPP portfolio, the acquisition and strong organic growth also contributed significantly to the increase. Average non-PPP loan balances grew $277 million, or 10%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, $117 million of which was attributed to the acquisition, the remaining increase being the result of the aforementioned organic growth.

●

Average AFS debt securities grew $298 million, or 69%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. The vast majority of this increase was attributed to strategic efforts to deploy excess liquidity through AFS debt security purchases, while $33 million of the increase was attributed to the acquisition.

Total interest income increased $9.3 million, or 13%, to $82.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period of 2020.

●

Interest and fee income on loans increased $9.3 million, or 14%, to $77.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, driven mainly by income associated with the PPP portfolio, as forgiveness activity accelerated the recognition of the related fee income. While average balances on the non-PPP loan portfolio grew substantially, interest income on the non-PPP loan portfolio decreased $1.3 million, or 2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, dragging on the yield of the total loan portfolio, which experienced a 16 bps, or 4%, contraction.

●

Despite significant growth in average AFS debt securities and a $530,000 increase interest income on the portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, the lower interest rate environment experienced over the past twelve months weighed heavily on fixed income security yields, which decreased 73 bps, or 34%.

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Total average interest bearing liabilities increased $498 million, or 20%, to $3.0 billion for the six month period ended June 30, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020, with the total average cost declining 38 bps to 0.21%.

●

Average interest bearing deposits increased $528 million, or 22%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, with interest-bearing demand deposits accounting for $365 million of the increase. Interest bearing deposits added as a result of the KB acquisition accounted for $112 million of the increase along with continued federal stimulus action, such as PPP funding, which has propelled deposit balances to record levels over the past 12 months. Further, general economic uncertainty surrounding the pandemic has resulted in the customer base maintaining higher levels of liquidity, similar to customer behavior seen during the Great Recession.

●

Consistent with the higher interest bearing deposit balances noted above, average SSUAR balances increased $13.9 million, or 37%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020. SSUAR added as a result of the KB acquisition drove $1.5 million of the increase.

●

Average FHLB advances decreased $45 million, or 65%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, as advances have continued to mature without renewal or replacement, including a $20 million three month advance relating to a cash flow hedge interest rate swap. In addition, Bancorp elected to pay down certain advances during the first quarter of 2021 prior to maturity without incurring pre-payment penalties. During the second quarter of 2021, Bancorp chose to payoff $14 million of term advances, with a weighted average cost of 2.03%, prior to their maturity incurring an early-termination fee of $474,000, recorded as a component non-interest expense. Bancorp made this decision due to its excess liquidity driven by the substantial deposit growth it achieved over the past 12 months, combined with the near-term outlook for low interest rates.

Total interest expense decreased $4.2 million, or 57%, for the six months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of 2020, a direct result of deposit rate reductions implemented in response to the falling interest rate environment and to a lesser extent, the reduction in interest expense on FHLB advances.

●

Total interest bearing deposit expense decreased $3.6 million, or 55%, driving a 35 bps decrease in the cost of average total interest bearing deposits.

●

Interest expense on FHLB advances declined $540,000, or 68%, as a result of the substantial reduction in average FHLB advances outstanding.

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Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates (FTE) – Three-Month Comparison

	Three months ended June 30,
	2021							2020
	Average				Average			Average				Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest		Rate			Balance		Interest		Rate

Interest earning assets:
Federal funds sold and interest bearing due from banks	$	313,954	$	84		0.11	%	$	285,617	$	88		0.12	%
Mortgage loans held for sale		8,678		58		2.68			18,010		125		2.79
Available for sale debt securities:
Taxable		771,289		2,744		1.43			401,750		2,066		2.07
Tax-exempt		22,407		70		1.25			10,618		72		2.73
Total securities		793,696		2,814		1.42			412,368		2,138		2.09

Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		11,924		64		2.15			11,284		70		2.50

SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans		510,963		6,911		5.43			529,361		3,392		2.58
Non-PPP loans		3,333,699		33,248		4.00			2,867,406		30,738		4.31
Total loans		3,844,662		40,159		4.19			3,396,767		34,130		4.04

Total interest earning assets		4,972,914		43,179		3.48			4,124,046		36,551		3.56

Less allowance for credit losses on loans		57,599							42,952

Non-interest earning assets:
Cash and due from banks		53,522							43,346
Premises and equipment, net		64,726							57,206
Bank owned life insurance		39,723							32,814
Goodwill		52,780							12,513
Accrued interest receivable and other		100,588							90,457
Total assets	$	5,226,654						$	4,317,430

Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	1,474,576	$	415		0.11	%	$	1,128,075	$	351		0.13	%
Savings		289,042		16		0.02			188,931		5		0.01
Money market		890,593		140		0.06			760,210		211		0.11
Time		401,149		864		0.86			423,099		2,040		1.94
Total interest bearing deposits		3,055,360		1,435		0.19			2,500,315		2,607		0.42

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		55,673		5		0.04			41,517		8		0.08
Federal funds purchased		10,918		4		0.15			8,423		2		0.10
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		19,135		74		1.55			63,896		361		2.27


Total interest bearing liabilities		3,141,086		1,518		0.19			2,614,151		2,978		0.46

Non-interest bearing liabilities:
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		1,497,223							1,213,136
Accrued interest payable and other		71,918							73,223
Total liabilities		4,710,227							3,900,510

Stockholders ’ equity		516,427							416,920
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	5,226,654						$	4,317,430

Net interest income			$	41,661						$	33,573

Net interest spread						3.29	%						3.10	%

Net interest margin						3.36	%						3.27	%

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Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates (FTE) – Six Month Comparison

	Six months ended June 30,
	2021							2020
	Average				Average			Average				Average
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest		Rate			Balance		Interest		Rate

Interest earning assets:
Federal funds sold and interest bearing due from banks	$	274,880	$	150		0.11	%	$	227,090	$	619		0.55	%
Mortgage loans held for sale		11,632		122		2.12			11,481		186		3.26
Available for sale debt securities:
Taxable		713,332		5,039		1.42			417,006		4,461		2.15
Tax-exempt		14,469		115		1.60			12,519		163		2.62
Total securities		727,801		5,154		1.43			429,525		4,624		2.16

Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		11,285		121		2.16			11,284		141		2.51

SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans		569,068		13,936		4.94			264,680		3,392		2.58
Non-PPP loans		3,156,803		63,263		4.04			2,879,538		64,518		4.51
Total loans		3,725,871		77,199		4.18			3,144,218		67,910		4.34

Total interest earning assets		4,751,469		82,746		3.51			3,823,598		73,480		3.86

Less allowance for credit losses on loans		55,738							40,146

Non-interest earning assets:
Cash and due from banks		50,637							43,767
Premises and equipment, net		61,208							57,624
Bank owned life insurance		36,539							32,725
Goodwill		32,758							12,513
Accrued interest receivable and other		93,299							83,694
Total assets	$	4,970,172						$	4,013,775

Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	1,422,008	$	772		0.11	%	$	1,057,079	$	1,162		0.22	%
Savings		253,776		21		0.02			179,503		23		0.03
Money market		869,775		255		0.06			747,228		1,203		0.32
Time		390,775		1,897		0.98			424,735		4,181		1.98
Total interest bearing deposits		2,936,334		2,945		0.20			2,408,545		6,569		0.55

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		51,330		10		0.04			37,465		24		0.13
Federal funds purchased		10,262		6		0.12			9,375		31		0.66
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		24,174		250		2.09			68,918		790		2.31


Total interest bearing liabilities		3,022,100		3,211		0.21			2,524,303		7,414		0.59

Non-interest bearing liabilities:
Non-interest bearing demand deposits		1,388,313							1,008,302
Accrued interest payable and other		78,937							70,859
Total liabilities		4,489,350							3,603,464

Stockholders ’ equity		480,822							410,311
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,970,172						$	4,013,775

Net interest income			$	79,535						$	66,066

Net interest spread						3.30	%						3.27	%

Net interest margin						3.38	%						3.47	%

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Supplemental Information - Average Balance Sheets and Interest Rates (FTE)

●

Average loan balances include the principal balance of non-accrual loans, as well as unearned income such as loan premiums, discounts, fees/costs and exclude participation loans accounted for as secured borrowings. Participation loans averaged $5 million and $9 million for the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $7 million and $8 million for the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

●

Interest income on a FTE basis includes additional amounts of interest income that would have been earned if investments in certain tax-exempt interest earning assets had been made in assets subject to federal taxes yielding the same after-tax income. Interest income on municipal securities and tax-exempt loans has been calculated on a FTE basis using a federal income tax rate of 21%. Approximate tax equivalent adjustments to interest income were $77,000 and $45,000 for the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $126,000 and $92,000 for the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

●

Interest income includes loan fees of $6.2 million ($5.6 million associated with the PPP) and $2.4 million ($2.1 million associated with the PPP) for the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $12.2 million ($11.1 million associated with the PPP) and $2.8 million ($2.1 million associated with the PPP) for the six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Interest income on loans may be impacted by the level of prepayment fees collected and accretion related to purchased loans.

●

Net interest income, the most significant component of Bancorp's earnings, represents total interest income less total interest expense. The level of net interest income is determined by mix and volume of interest earning assets, interest bearing deposits and borrowed funds, and changes in interest rates.

●

NIM represents net interest income on a FTE basis as a percentage of total average interest earning assets.

●

Net interest spread (FTE) is the difference between taxable equivalent rates earned on total interest earning assets less the cost of interest bearing liabilities.

●

The fair market value adjustment on investment securities resulting from ASC 320, “ Investments – Debt and Equity Securities ” is included as a component of other assets.

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Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Risk

Managing interest rate risk is fundamental for the financial services industry. The primary objective of interest rate risk management is to neutralize effects of interest rate changes on net income. By considering both on and off-balance sheet financial instruments, management evaluates interest rate sensitivity with the goal of optimizing net interest income within the constraints of prudent capital adequacy, liquidity needs, market opportunities and customer requirements.

Interest Rate Simulation Sensitivity Analysis

Bancorp uses an earnings simulation model to estimate and evaluate the impact of an immediate change in interest rates on earnings in a one-year forecast. The simulation model is designed to reflect dynamics of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. By estimating effects of interest rate fluctuations, the model can approximate interest rate risk exposure. This simulation model is used by management to gauge approximate results given a specific change in interest rates at a given point in time. The model is therefore a tool to indicate earnings trends in given interest rate scenarios and may not indicate actual or expected results.

Bancorp’s interest rate simulation sensitivity analysis details that increases in interest rates of 100 and 200 bps would have a negative effect on interest income, respectively. These results are attributed to over half of the variable rate loan portfolio being currently at or near floor rates, as these yields will not increase until short-term rates exceed these floor rates. For example, a significant portion of the variable rate loan portfolio is tied to Prime, with floor rates of 4.00%. Given Prime is at 3.25% as of June 30, 2021, short-term rates would have to increase over 75 bps for these loans to move above their floor rates.

The slight decrease in net interest income in the rising rate scenarios is primarily due to variable rate loans and short-term investments repricing slower than deposits and short-term borrowings. Asset balances subject to immediate repricing cause an estimated decline in net interest income in the down 100 bps scenario, as rates on non-maturity deposits cannot be lowered sufficiently to offset declining interest income. These estimates are summarized below.

Change in Rates

-200

-100

+100

+200

Basis Points

% Change from base net interest income at June 30, 2021

N/A

-3.86

-1.19

-1.01

Bancorp’s loan portfolio is currently composed of approximately 72% fixed and 28% variable rate loans, with the fixed rate portion pricing (excluding PPP loans) generally based on a spread to the five-year treasury curve at the time of origination and the variable portion pricing based on an on-going spread to Prime (approximately 56%) or one-month LIBOR (approximately 44%). Bancorp’s loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans) at June 30, 2021 was composed of approximately 69% fixed and 31% variable rate loans with the fluctuation in the C&I portfolio driving down variable rate percentage over the past year.

Periodically, Bancorp enters into interest rate swap transactions with borrowers who desire to hedge exposure to rising interest rates, while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap, with substantially matching terms, with another approved independent counterparty. These are undesignated derivative instruments and are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in other non-interest income as interest rates fluctuate. Because of matching terms of offsetting contracts, in addition to collateral provisions which mitigate the impact of non-performance risk, changes in fair value subsequent to initial recognition have a minimal effect on earnings, and are therefore not included in the simulation analysis results above. For additional information, see the footnote titled “ Assets and Liabilities Measured and Reported at Fair Value. ”

In addition, Bancorp uses derivative financial instruments as part of its interest rate risk management, including interest rate swaps. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges as described in the footnote titled “ Derivative Financial Instruments. ” For these derivatives, the effective portion of gains or losses is reported as a component of OCI, and is subsequently reclassified into earnings as an adjustment to interest expense in periods in which the hedged forecasted transaction impacts earnings.

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Provision for Credit Losses

An analysis of the changes in the ACL on loans, including provision, and selected ratios follow:

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020

Beginning balance	$	50,714		$	42,143		$	51,920		$	26,791
KB acquisition - PCD loans (goodwill adjustment)		6,757			—			6,757			—
CECL - cumulative adjustment		—			—			—			9,856
Adjusted beginning balance		57,471			42,143			58,677			36,647
Provision for credit losses - loans		(2,700	)		5,550			(3,900	)		11,100
Provision for credit losses - acquisition		7,397			—			7,397			—
Total charge-offs		(3,442	)		(98	)		(3,564	)		(272	)
Total recoveries		698			113			814			233
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries		(2,744	)		15			(2,750	)		(39	)
Ending balance	$	59,424		$	47,708		$	59,424		$	47,708
Average loans	$	3,844,662		$	3,396,767		$	3,725,871		$	3,144,218
Provision for credit losses on loans to average loans (1)		0.12	%		0.16	%		0.09	%		0.35	%
Net loan (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans (1)		-0.07	%		0.00	%		-0.07	%		0.00	%
ACL on loans to total loans		1.41	%		1.38	%		1.41	%		1.38	%
ACL on loans to total loans (excluding PPP) (2)		1.55	%		1.68	%		1.55	%		1.68	%
ACL on loans to average loans		1.55	%		1.40	%		1.59	%		1.52	%

(1) Ratios are not annualized

(2) See the section titled “ Non-GAAP Financial Measures ” for reconcilement of Non-GAAP to GAAP measures

The ACL on loans totaled $59 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $52 million at December 31, 2020, representing an ACL to total loans ratio of 1.41% and 1.47% for those periods, respectively. The ACL to total loans (excluding PPP loans) was 1.55% at June 30, 2021 compared to 1.74% at December 31, 2020. Based on the 100% SBA guarantee of the PPP loan portfolio, which totaled $377 million (net of unamortized deferred fees) at June 30, 2021 and $550 million at December 31, 2020, Bancorp did not reserve generally for potential losses for these loans within the ACL. See the section titled “ Non-GAAP Financial Measures ” for reconcilement of non-GAAP to GAAP measures.

Upon adoption of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020, Bancorp recorded an increase of $8.2 million to the ACL on loans and a corresponding decrease to retained earnings, net of the DTA impact. In addition, non-accretable yield marks of $1.6 million related to formerly classified PCI loans were reclassed between the amortized cost basis of loans and corresponding ACL, which were subsequently charged-off in the third quarter of 2020 with no resulting impact to provision expense. The adjustment upon adoption of ASC 326 raised the ACL on loans balance to $37 million on January 1, 2020.

Provision for credit losses on loans totaled $4.7 million and $3.5 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, respectively, representing decreases of $853,000, or 15%, and $7.6 million, or 68%, compared to the same periods of 2020. Due to continued improvement in the unemployment forecast, updates to Bancorp’s CECL modeling and strong historic credit metrics, benefits of $2.7 million and $3.9 million were recorded for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. Offsetting these improvements however, was credit loss expense on loans associated with the non-PCD loan portfolio added as a result of the KB acquisition, which totaled $7.4 million for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. While the acquisition drove provision for credit loss expense on loans for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, higher expense recorded for the same periods of 2020 stemmed from the adoption of CECL effective January 1, 2020 and the subsequent pandemic-related developments experienced in the first half of last year, including elevated unemployment.

Provision for credit losses on loans at June 30, 2021 represents the amount of expense that, based on Management’s judgment, is required to maintain the ACL on loans at an appropriate level under the CECL model. The determination of the amount of the ACL on loans is complex and involves a high degree of judgment and subjectivity. See the footnote titled “ Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” for detailed discussion regarding Bancorp’s ACL methodology by loan segment in this document and Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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In addition to loan provisioning recorded through the first six months of 2021, the ACL on loans was also increased $6.8 million as a result of the PCD loan portfolio added through the KB acquisition, with the corresponding offset recorded to goodwill (as opposed to provision expense). Partially offsetting these increases were net charge offs totaling $2.7 million for both the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, which served to decrease the overall ACL on loans. Net charge offs for the period were driven by the charge off of $3.1 million relating to a CRE relationship that was fully reserved for in 2020 (and thus had no 2021 income statement impact) and partially offset by a $555,000 recovery on a note acquired in the 2019 KSB acquisition that had been fully allocated for in 2019 and charged off in 2020.

While separate from the ACL on loans and recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, the ACL on off balance sheet credit exposures experienced a decrease between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Net benefits were recorded for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, respectively, as nearly all applicable loan segments experienced declines in their reserve loss percentage consistent with generally improving model factors and improvement in line of credit utilization was experienced during the second quarter of 2021. The ACL for off balance sheet credit exposures stood at $4.8 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $5.4 million as of December 31, 2020.

Bancorp’s loan portfolio is diversified with no significant concentrations of credit. Geographically, most loans are extended to borrowers in Louisville, central, eastern and northern Kentucky, as well as the Indianapolis and Cincinnati metropolitan markets. The adequacy of the allowance is monitored on an ongoing basis and it is the opinion of management that the balance of the allowance at June 30, 2021 is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the financial statement date.

Non-interest Income

	Three months ended June 30,										Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change			% Change			2021		2020		$ Change		% Change

Wealth management and trust services	$	6,858	$	5,726	$	1,132			20	%	$	13,106	$	11,944	$	1,162		10	%
Deposit service charges		1,233		800		433			54			2,177		2,083		94		5
Debit and credit card income		3,284		2,063		1,221			59			5,557		4,043		1,514		37
Treasury management fees		1,730		1,249		481			39			3,270		2,533		737		29
Mortgage banking income		1,303		1,622		(319	)		(20	)		2,747		2,468		279		11
Net investment product sales commissions and fees		545		391		154			39			1,009		857		152		18
Bank owned life insurance		206		176		30			17			367		355		12		3
Other		629		595		34			6			1,399		875		524		60
Total non-interest income	$	15,788	$	12,622	$	3,166			25	%	$	29,632	$	25,158	$	4,474		18	%

Total non-interest income increased $3.2 million, or 25%, and $4.5 million, or 18%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of 2020, respectively. Non-interest income comprised 27.5% and 27.2% of total revenues, defined as net interest income and non-interest income, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to 27.3% and 27.6% for the same periods of 2020, respectively. WM&T services comprised 43.4% and 44.2% of total non-interest income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to 45.4% and 47.5% for the same periods of 2020, respectively. The KB acquisition added $1.3 million in total non-interest income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

WM&T Services:

The magnitude of WM&T revenue distinguishes Bancorp from other community banks of similar asset size. WM&T revenue increased $1.1 million, or 20%, and $1.2 million, or 10%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. The stock market appreciation noted above, coupled with new business development, drove the substantial revenue increases for these periods. WM&T income of $122,000 was recorded in relation to the KB acquisition for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

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Recurring fees earned for managing accounts are based on a percentage of market value of AUM and are typically assessed on a monthly basis. Recurring fees, which generally comprise the vast majority of WM&T revenue, increased $1.1 million, or 19% and $1.5 million, or 14% for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020. The increases for the three and six month periods stem from significant stock market appreciation experienced in addition to both organic and acquisition-related growth in net new business.

A portion of WM&T revenue, most notably executor, insurance and some employee benefit plan-related fees, are non-recurring in nature and the timing of these revenues corresponds with the related administrative activities. For this reason, such fees are subject to greater period over period fluctuation. Total non-recurring fees increased $37,000, or 37%, and decreased 372,000, or 56%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020. The increase for the three month period is attributed to estate fees recorded during the second quarter of 2021, while the large decrease for the six month period was driven by a large estate fee recorded in the first quarter of 2020.

AUM, stated at market value, totaled $4.4 billion at June 30, 2021compared with $3.2 billion at June 30, 2020 and $3.9 billion at December 31, 2020. The large increase in AUM between June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2021 is attributed mainly to significant stock market appreciation experienced in addition to growth in net new business and AUM of $235 million added through the KB acquisition.

Contracts between WM&T and their customers do not permit performance based fees and accordingly, none of the WM&T revenue is performance based. Management believes the WM&T department will continue to factor significantly in Bancorp’s financial results and provide strategic diversity to revenue streams.

Detail of WM&T Service Income by Account Type:

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2021		2020		2021		2020

Investment advisory	$	2,936	$	2,277	$	5,675	$	4,699
Personal trust		1,948		1,904		3,626		4,090
Personal investment retirement		1,277		1,009		2,493		2,063
Company retirement		427		343		799		694
Foundation and endowment		197		138		373		282
Custody and safekeeping		37		27		72		60
Brokerage and insurance services		24		9		44		19
Other		12		19		24		37

Total WM&T services income	$	6,858	$	5,726	$	13,106	$	11,944

The preceding table demonstrates that WM&T fee revenue is concentrated within investment advisory and personal trust accounts. WM&T fees are predominantly based on AUM and tailored for individual/company accounts and/or relationships with fee structures customized based on account type and other factors with larger relationships paying a lower percentage of AUM in fees. For example, recurring AUM fee structures are in place for investment management, irrevocable trusts, revocable trusts, personal investment retirement accounts and accounts holding only fixed income securities. Company retirement plan services can consist of a one-time conversion fee with recurring AUM fees to follow. While there are also fee structures for estate settlements, income received is often non-recurring in nature. Fee structures are agreed upon at the time of account opening and any subsequent revisions are communicated in writing to the customer. Fees earned are not performance-based nor are they based on investment strategy or transactions.

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Assets Under Management by Account Type:

AUM (not included on balance sheet) increased from $3.9 billion at December 31, 2020 to $4.4 billion at June 30, 2021 as follows:

	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Managed		Non-managed (1)		Total		Managed		Non-managed (1)		Total
Investment advisory	$	1,740,555	$	32,485	$	1,773,040	$	1,547,742	$	72,696	$	1,620,438
Personal trust		899,428		127,330		1,026,758		721,150		112,053		833,203
Personal investment retirement		579,859		3,592		583,451		506,005		3,241		509,246
Company retirement		37,993		579,293		617,286		40,006		481,222		521,228
Foundation and endowment		320,205		3,331		323,536		281,986		2,532		284,518

Subtotal	$	3,578,040	$	746,031	$	4,324,071	$	3,096,889	$	671,744	$	3,768,633
Custody and safekeeping		—		115,775		115,775		—		83,004		83,004

Total	$	3,578,040	$	861,806	$	4,439,846	$	3,096,889	$	754,748	$	3,851,637

(1) Non-managed assets represent those for which the WM&T department does not hold investment discretion.

As of both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately 80%, respectively, of AUM were actively managed. Company retirement plan accounts primarily consist of participant-directed assets. The amount of custody and safekeeping accounts are insignificant.

Managed Trust Assets under Management by Class of Investment:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020

Interest bearing deposits	$	115,246	$	168,344
Treasury and government agency obligations		26,887		31,719
State, county and municipal obligations		118,143		119,344
Money market mutual funds		9,553		58,493
Equity mutual funds		895,897		752,476
Other mutual funds - fixed, balanced, and municipal		577,140		441,275
Other notes and bonds		173,828		165,828
Common and preferred stocks		1,522,740		1,238,973
Real estate mortgages		2,104		190
Real estate		55,360		51,682
Other miscellaneous assets (1)		81,142		68,565

Total managed assets	$	3,578,040	$	3,096,889

(1) Includes client directed instruments including rights, warrants, annuities, insurance policies, unit investment trusts, and oil and gas rights.

Managed assets are invested in instruments for which market values can be readily determined, the majority of which are sensitive to market fluctuations and consist of approximately 68% in equities and 32% in fixed income securities as of June 30, 2021 compared to 64% and 36% as of December 31, 2020. This composition is relatively consistent from period to period and the WM&T Department holds no proprietary mutual funds.

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Additional Sources of Non-interest income:

Deposit service charges, which consist of non-sufficient funds charges and to a lesser extent, other activity based charges, increased $433,000, or 54%, and $94,000, or 5%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. Deposit service charge income of $260,000 was added for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the KB acquisition. Consistent with the industry, customer behavior and transaction volume have been impacted by the pandemic and continued government efforts to minimize its impact on the economy, such as stimulus payments, PPP funding and more lucrative unemployment compensation. Deposit balances have remained at or near record levels for several months as a result, which has in turn led to fewer overdrawn accounts. These trends have significantly exacerbated the industry-wide decline in the volume of fees earned on overdrawn checking accounts experienced over the past several years. While Bancorp has experienced notable improvement since first experiencing significant pandemic-related declines in transaction volume in April 2020, Management is not able to predict when, or if, this revenue stream will return to pre-pandemic levels.

Debit and credit card income consists of interchange revenue, ancillary fees and incentives received from card processors. Debit and credit card revenue increased $1.2 million, or 59%, and $1.5 million, or 37%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, as a result of increased transaction volume and continued expansion of the customer bases. In addition, debit and credit card revenue totaling $415,000 was added for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the KB acquisition. Total debit card income increased $839,000, or 55%, and $1.1 million, or 38%, and total credit card income increased $382,000, or 71%, and $447,000, or 37%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared the same periods of the prior year.

Treasury management fees primarily consist of fees earned for cash management services provided to commercial customers. This category continues to stand out as a consistent, growing source of revenue for Bancorp and increased $481,000, or 39%, and $737,000, or 29%, for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. New product sales and expansion of its customer base have helped Bancorp’s Treasury Management department overcome challenges presented by the pandemic. Demand for Bancorp’s treasury products has increased during the pandemic, as these products allow customers to operate more efficiently in a decentralized environment. In addition, sales efforts involving existing customers has led to increases in online services, reporting, ACH origination, remote deposit and fraud mitigation services during the first half of 2021. Bancorp anticipates this income category will continue to increase based on continued customer base growth and the expanding suite of services offered within Bancorp’s treasury management platform. Treasury management income associated with the KB acquisition was immaterial for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Mortgage banking income primarily includes gains on sales of mortgage loans and loan servicing income offset by MSR amortization. Bancorp’s mortgage banking department predominantly originates residential mortgage loans to be sold in the secondary market, primarily to FNMA. Interest rates on the mortgage loans sold are locked with the borrower and investor prior to loan closing, thus Bancorp bears no interest rate risk related to loans held for sale. Bancorp offers conventional, VA and FHA financing for purchases and refinances, as well as programs for first-time homebuyers. Interest rates on mortgage loans directly influence the volume of business transacted by the mortgage-banking department. Mortgage banking revenue decreased $319,000, or 20%, and increased $279,000, or 11%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. Mortgage banking revenue of $262,000 was added for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the KB acquisition.

Sustained low long-term rates have incentivized refinancing and purchasing activity, which has resulted in elevated mortgage banking income over the past year. Including the gain on sale earned, Bancorp sold $56 million and $142 million loans during the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021 compared to $65 million and $97 million for the same periods of 2020, respectively. Bancorp expects volume to normalize over time, as the pool of potential customers who have yet to refinance shrinks and interest rates rise above the absolute low levels experienced over the past year.

Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Bank elected to retain a select portion of FNMA qualified secondary market single family residential real estate loan production from the mortgage banking department on balance sheet in an effort to deploy a portion of excess liquidity in lieu of buying mortgage-backed securities within the AFS debt securities portfolio. Continuing into 2021, approximately $53 million in 15 and 30 year fixed rate loans yielding approximately 2.88% were retained in the first six months of 2021 as part of this strategy, forgoing approximately $1.9 million in gain on sale that would typically have been recognized in Mortgage banking income.

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Net investment product sales commissions and fees are generated primarily on stock, bond and mutual fund sales, as well as wrap fees on brokerage accounts. Wrap fees represent charges for investment programs that bundle together a suite of services, such as brokerage, advisory, research and management and are based on a percentage of assets. Bancorp deploys its financial advisors primarily through its branch network via an arrangement with a third party broker-dealer, while larger managed accounts are serviced by Bancorp’s WM&T Department. Net investment product sales commissions and fees increased $154,000, or 39%, and $152,000, or 18%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. Net investment product sales commissions and fees associated with the KB acquisition totaled $59,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

BOLI assets represent the cash surrender value of life insurance policies on certain key employees who have provided consent for Bancorp to be the beneficiary for a portion of such policies. The related change in cash surrender value and any death benefits received under the policies are recorded as non-interest income. This income serves to offset the cost of various employee benefits. BOLI income increased $30,000, or 17%, and $12,000, or 3%, for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of the prior year. BOLI income associated with the KB acquisition totaled $42,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Other non-interest income increased $34,000, or 6%, and $524,000, or 60%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. Other non-interest income associated with the KB acquisition totaled $72,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. While the increase for the three month period was driven by acquisition-related activity, the large increase for the six month period was driven by large swap fees received during the first quarter and appreciation in the value of certain life insurance policies outside of the traditional BOLI program.

Non-interest Expenses

	Three months ended June 30,										Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021		2020		$ Change			% Change			2021		2020		$ Change			% Change

Compensation	$	15,680	$	11,763	$	3,917			33	%	$	28,507	$	23,996	$	4,511			19	%
Employee benefits		3,367		2,871		496			17			6,628		6,038		590			10
Net occupancy and equipment		2,244		2,037		207			10			4,289		3,868		421			11
Technology and communication		2,670		1,999		671			34			5,016		4,062		954			23
Debit and credit card processing		976		603		373			62			1,681		1,259		422			34
Marketing and business development		822		465		357			77			1,346		1,025		321			31
Postage, printing, and supplies		460		442		18			4			869		883		(14	)		(2	)
Legal and professional		666		628		38			6			1,128		1,251		(123	)		(10	)
FDIC insurance		349		330		19			6			754		459		295			64
Amortization of investments in tax credit partnerships		231		53		178			336			262		89		173			194
Capital and deposit based taxes		527		1,225		(698	)		(57	)		985		2,255		(1,270	)		(56	)
Merger expenses		18,100		-		18,100			100			18,500		-		18,500			100
FHLB early termination penalty		474		-		474			100			474		-		474			100
Other		1,611		993		618			62			2,711		1,799		912			51
Total non-interest expenses	$	48,177	$	23,409	$	24,768			106	%	$	73,150	$	46,984	$	26,166			56	%

Total non-interest expenses increased $24.8 million and $26.2 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of 2020, respectively. Compensation and employee benefits comprised 39.5% and 48.0% of Bancorp’s total non-interest expenses for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, compared to 62.5% and 63.9% for the same periods of 2020, respectively. Excluding merger expenses, compensation and employee benefits comprised 63.3% and 64.3% of total non-interest expenses for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. On-going non-interest expense totaling $2.3 million were added for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the KB acquisition (excluding merger expenses).

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Compensation, which includes salaries, incentives, bonuses and stock based compensation, increased $3.9 million, or 33%, and $4.5 million, or 19%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. The increases were attributed to growth in full time equivalent employees, annual merit-based salary increases and higher incentive compensation expense. Further, a large reduction of expense totaling $510,000 was recorded in the second quarter of 2020 stemming from the deferred costs associated with PPP loan originations. Net full time equivalent employees totaled 823 at June 30, 2021 compared to 641 at December 31, 2020 and 620 at June 30, 2020, the large increase compared to prior periods being attributed to the addition of 189 FTEs as a result of the KB acquisition. Compensation expense totaling $973,000 was recorded for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 as a result of the acquisition.

Employee benefits consists of all personnel-related expense not included in compensation, with the most significant items being health insurance, payroll taxes and employee retirement plan contributions. Employee benefits increased $496,000 or 17%, and $590,000, or 10%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, consistent with the overall increase in full time equivalent employees noted above. Employee benefits expense totaling $209,000 was recorded in relation to the KB acquisition.

Net occupancy and equipment expenses primarily include depreciation, rent, property taxes, utilities and maintenance. Costs of capital asset additions flow through the statement of income over the lives of the assets in the form of depreciation expense. Net occupancy increased $207,000, or 10%, and $421,000, or 11%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, respectively. Net occupancy and equipment expense related to the KB acquisition totaled $229,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 and resulted in the addition of 19 locations throughout central and eastern Kentucky. The increase for the three month period was directly attributed to the acquisition, while the increase for the six month period was attributed to the acquisition in addition to a favorable lease accounting system forecast adjustment that resulted in a credit to expense in the first quarter of last year and organic branch expansion in the latter half of 2020.

Technology and communication expenses include computer software amortization, equipment depreciation and expenditures related to investments in technology needed to maintain and improve the quality of customer delivery channels, information security and internal resources. Technology expense increased $671,000, or 34%, and $954,000, or 23%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared with the same periods of 2020, consistent with expanded data storage and increased expense associated with the transition to a hosted core environment, which Bancorp migrated to in the third quarter of 2020. Additional expense of $307,000 was recorded as a result of the KB acquisition for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Bancorp outsources processing for debit and commercial credit card operations, which generate significant revenue for the Company. These expenses fluctuate consistent with transaction volumes. Debit and credit card processing expense increased $373,000, or 62%, and $422,000, or 34%, for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of last year, correlating in part with the increase in transaction volume and customer base expansion that served to increase debit and credit card non-interest income. Related expense associated with the KB acquisition totaled $217,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Marketing and business development expenses include all costs associated with promoting Bancorp including community support, retaining customers and acquiring new business. Marketing and business development expenses increased $357,000, or 77%, and $321,000, or 31%, for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods of 2020. The increases correspond with more physical customer interaction as a result of continued easing of pandemic-related restrictions, which has led to increased travel and entertainment expense compared to the first half of 2020. Marketing and business development expense associated with the KB acquisition totaled $51,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

Legal and professional fees increased $38,000, or 6%, and decreased $123,000, or 10%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of last year, respectively. Legal and professional expenses attributable to the KB acquisition were included in merger expenses (discussed below) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

FDIC insurance increased $19,000, or 6%, and $295,000, or 64%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same period of 2020. Total FDIC insurance expense related to the KB acquisition totaled $30,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021. While the three month period increase was attributed largely to the acquisition, the six month period increase was driven by both a PPP-driven larger balance sheet in addition to the first quarter of 2020 benefitting from the last portion of small institution credits first issued by the FDIC in 2019 upon the national FDIC Reserve Ratio reaching its targeted level.

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Tax credit partnerships generate federal income tax credits, and for each of Bancorp’s investments in tax credit partnerships, the tax benefit, net of related expenses, results in a positive effect on net income. Amounts of credits and corresponding expenses can vary widely depending upon the timing and magnitude of the underlying investments. Amortization expense associated with these investments increased $178,000, or 336%, and $173,000, or 194%, for the three and six month periods ending June 30, 2021 compared to the same period of last year. No tax credit amortization was recorded in relation to the KB acquisition of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Capital and deposit based taxes decreased $698,000, or 57%, and $1.3 million, or 56%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 compared to the same periods of 2020 consistent with the state of Kentucky transitioning financial institutions from a capital-based franchise tax to the Kentucky corporate income tax effective January 1, 2021. Capital and deposit based tax expense related to the KB acquisition was immaterial for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Merger expenses represent non-recurring expenses associated with completion of the KB acquisition and consist primarily of investment banker fees, various compensation-related expenses, legal fees, early termination fees relating to various contracts and system conversion expenses. Merger expenses totaled $18.1 million and $18.5 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

An early termination fee of $474,000 was recorded during the second quarter of 2021 in relation to the pre-payment of FHLB advances totaling $14 million prior to their respective contractual maturities. Bancorp chose to payoff these term advances, with a weighted average cost of 2.03%, due to its excess liquidity driven by the substantial deposit growth it achieved over the past 12 months, combined with the near-term outlook for low interest rates.

Other non-interest expenses increased $618,000, or 62%, and $912,000, or 51%, for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods of 2020. These increases are attributed mainly to large credits to expense associated with a gain on a bank-owned property sold in the first quarter of 2020 and the reversal of an accrual in the second quarter of 2020 related to a potential IRS penalty that was ultimately dismissed. Other non-interest expense related to the KB acquisition totaled $223,000 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.

Income Tax Expense

A comparison of income tax expense and ETR follows:

	Three months ended June 30,												Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			$ Change			% Change			2021			2020			$ Change		% Change

Income before income tax expense	$	5,048		$	15,716		$	(10,668	)		(68	)%	$	33,219		$	31,198		$	2,021		6	%
Income tax expense		864			2,348			(1,484	)		(63	)		6,325			4,598			1,727		38
Effective tax rate		17.1	%		14.9	%								19.0	%		14.7	%

Fluctuations in the ETR are primarily attributed to the following:

●

Bancorp invests in certain partnerships that yield federal income tax credits. Taken as a whole, the tax benefit of these investments exceeds amortization expense, resulting in a positive impact on net income. The timing and magnitude of these transactions may vary widely from period to period. The ETR for 2020 included the anticipated full year benefit of a large historic tax credit project that was completed in December of last year, serving to reduce the ETR by 5.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

●

The stock based compensation component of the ETR fluctuates consistent with the level of SAR exercise activity. The six months ended June 30, 2021 reflected significantly more exercise activity as compared to the same period of 2020, serving to reduce the overall ETR by 3.2%.

●

The state of Kentucky passed legislation in 2019 that required financial institutions to transition from a capital based franchise tax to the Kentucky corporate income tax beginning in 2021 and allows entities filing a combined Kentucky income tax return to share certain tax attributes, including net operating loss carryforwards. These changes served to increase the ETR 3.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

●

The Captive is anticipated to lower Bancorp’s ETR by approximately 1% on a 12 month basis.

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Financial Condition – June 30, 2021 Compared to December 31, 2020

Overview

Total assets increased $1.5 billion, or 32%, to $6.1 billion at June 30, 2021 from $4.6 billion at December 31, 2020. Total assets of $1.3 billion were added as a result of the KB acquisition, including total loans of $755 million and total AFS debt securities of $396 million. In addition, goodwill of $124 million was recorded in relation to the transaction. Further, total loans (excluding loans added through the acquisition and the PPP portfolio) grew $122 million between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021.

Total liabilities increased $1.3 billion, or 30%, to $5.4 billion at June 30, 2021 from $4.2 billion at December 31, 2020. Total liabilities of $1.2 billion were assumed as a result of the KB acquisition, including total deposits of $1.0 billion. Excluding deposits assumed through the acquisition, deposit balances remained at record levels as of June 30, 2021, as federal stimulus efforts have bolstered personal and commercial deposits and uncertainty surrounding the pandemic has resulted in Bancorp’s customer base maintaining higher balances in general over the past several months.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents increased $222 million, or 70%, ending at $540 million at June 30, 2021 compared to $318 million at December 31, 2020. The average balance of cash and cash equivalents increased $55 million, or 20%, over the past twelve months. Bancorp continues to maintain higher levels of liquidity attributable to the PPP, growth in deposits and the overall interest rate environment.

AFS Debt Securities

AFS debt securities increased $420 million, or 72%, to $1.0 billion at June 30, 2021 compared to $587 million at December 31, 2020. AFS debt securities totaling $396 million were added as a result of the KB acquisition, approximately $91 million of which were sold shortly after acquisition. In addition, Bancorp continued actively growing the investment securities portfolio during the first six months of 2021 in an effort to deploy a portion of excess liquidity, a strategy enacted in the latter half of 2020, by purchasing $202 million of AFS debt securities for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Partially offsetting growth associated with purchasing activity was scheduled amortization and elevated prepayment activity, largely within the MBS portfolio, as well as market depreciation stemming largely from an upward move in the interest rate environment experienced over the first half of 2021.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are presented on the consolidated balance sheets net of related depreciation on the respective assets as well as fair value adjustments associated with purchase accounting. As result of the KB acquisition, which added 19 locations throughout central and eastern Kentucky, premises and equipment increased $20 million, or 34%, to $78 million at June 30, 2021 from $58 million at December 31, 2020.

Goodwill

At June 30, 2021, Bancorp had $137 million in goodwill recorded on its balance sheet, including $124 million recorded during the second quarter of 2021 associated with the acquisition of KB. As permitted under GAAP, management has up to 12 months following the date of acquisition to finalize the fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to the KB acquisition. During this measurement period, Bancorp may record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date.

BOLI

Bank-owned life insurance assets increased $19 million, or 58%, to $52 million at June 30, 2021, compared to $33 million at December 31, 2020, the increase stemming directly from life insurance assets added as a result of the KB acquisition.

Other Assets and Other Liabilities

Other assets increased $16 million, or 22%, to $87 million at June 30, 2021. Other liabilities increased $4 million, or 4%, to $91 million at June 30, 2021, from $88 million at December 31, 2020.

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The increase for other assets was attributed mainly to appreciation in the market value of interest rate swaps, MSR assets added as a result of the KB acquisition, additional investment in tax credit partnerships and increased pre-paid expenses associated with technological equipment and services. The increase for other liabilities was marginal between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021.

As of June 30, 2021, Bancorp did not incur any impairment with respect to its other intangible assets (MSRs and CDIs) or other long-lived assets.

Loans

Composition of loans, net of deferred fees and costs, by primary loan portfolio class follows:

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		$ Change			% Change

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,170,461	$	833,470	$	336,991			40	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		604,120		508,672		95,448			19	%
Total commercial real estate		1,774,581		1,342,142		432,439			32	%

Commercial and industrial - term		544,316		525,776		18,540			4	%
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		377,021		550,186		(173,165	)		-31	%
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		327,990		276,646		51,344			19	%
Total commercial and industrial		1,249,327		1,352,608		(103,281	)		-8	%

Residential real estate - owner occupied		377,783		239,191		138,592			58	%
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		273,782		140,930		132,852			94	%
Total residential real estate		651,565		380,121		271,444			71	%

Construction and land development		281,149		291,764		(10,615	)		-4	%
Home equity lines of credit		142,468		95,366		47,102			49	%
Consumer		78,171		44,606		33,565			75	%
Leases		14,171		14,786		(615	)		-4	%
Credits cards		14,960		10,203		4,757			47	%
Total loans (1)	$	4,206,392	$	3,531,596	$	674,796			19	%

(1) Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts, and net loan origination fees and costs.

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Composition of loans, net of deferred fees and costs, by primary loan portfolio class and bifurcated between Bancorp’s historic loan portfolio and the loan portfolio acquired through the KB acquisition follows:

	As of June 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	Bancorp		KB		Total

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	907,373	$	263,088	$	1,170,461
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		544,476		59,644		604,120
Total commercial real estate		1,451,849		322,732		1,774,581

Commercial and industrial - term		489,961		54,355		544,316
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		360,697		16,324		377,021
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		304,393		23,597		327,990
Total commercial and industrial		1,155,051		94,276		1,249,327

Residential real estate - owner occupied		291,875		85,908		377,783
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		123,188		150,594		273,782
Total residential real estate		415,063		236,502		651,565

Construction and land development		264,577		16,572		281,149
Home equity lines of credit		90,937		51,531		142,468
Consumer		59,377		18,794		78,171
Leases		14,171		-		14,171
Credits cards		12,940		2,020		14,960
Total loans (1)	$	3,463,965	$	742,427	$	4,206,392

(1) Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts, and net loan origination fees and costs.

Total loans increased $675 million, or 19%, from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021. Loans totaling $755 million were added as a result of the KB acquisition, with outstanding acquired loan balances ending at $742 million as of June 30, 2021, resulting largely from forgiveness activity in the acquired PPP portfolio.

Excluding the loan portfolio acquired through the KB acquisition, loan contraction of $68 million, or 2%, was experienced between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021, as significant forgiveness activity resulted in PPP portfolio balances declining $189 million, or 34%, during the first six months of 2021. Partially offsetting the large decline in PPP balances was growth $110 million, or 8%, and $35 million, or 9%, within the CRE and residential real estate portfolios, respectively. Solid loan production for the first six months of 2021 drove the increase for the CRE portfolio, while the strategic retention of a portion of qualified secondary market single family residential real estate loan production from the mortgage banking department drove the increase for the residential real estate portfolio.

While showing some improvement at the end of the second quarter, line of credit usage remained depressed through the first six months of 2021, as the availability of the more favorable PPP lending facility continued to disparage utilization until the program expired on May 31, 2021. Overall, total line of credit usage did increase to 39.2% at June 30, 2021 compared to 38.0% at December 31, 2020 and 38.6% at June 30, 2020, but usage remains well below historical norms, particularly within the C&I portfolio. C&I line of credit usage

PPP loans of $377 million ($389 million gross of unamortized deferred fees and costs) were outstanding at June 30, 2021, including $17 million ($16 million gross of unamortized deferred fees and costs) added as a result of the KB acquisition. Bancorp has $11.6 million in net unrecognized fees related to the PPP as of June 30, 2021, which would be recognized immediately once the loans are paid off or forgiven by the SBA. The timing of such forgiveness is expected to have a major impact on operating results for the remainder of 2021 and into early to mid-2022.

Bancorp originated $637 million PPP loans ($657 million gross of unamortized fees and costs) as part of round one of the program, which expired in August of 2020. As of June 30, 2021, 82% of the dollars originated in round one have been forgiven and $54 million is in process of being forgiven (equating to future total forgiveness of 92%). In addition, approximately 95% of the $19.6 million in fee income received for round one originations has been recognized life to date. These borrowers are required to begin making payments in July, which will likely further accelerate forgiveness submissions in the coming months.

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Bancorp originated $250 million ($261 million gross of unamortized deferred fees and costs) as part of round two of the PPP program, which expired May 31, 2021. As of June 30, 2021, 3% of the dollars originated have been forgiven and 11% of the fees received for the second round of the program have been recognized life to date. As second round borrowers are not required to make payments for 16 months, it is probable that a significant portion of the borrowing base will seek forgiveness in early to mid-2022 in connection with tax return preparation.

In accordance with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and in response to requests from borrowers who experienced business interruptions related to the pandemic, Bancorp extended payment deferrals for those affected borrowers. Depending on the demonstrated need of the customer, Bancorp deferred either the full loan payment or the principal-only portion of respective loan payments for 90 or 180 days for some borrowers directly impacted by the pandemic. As of June 30, 2021 outstanding full payment loan deferrals totaled $8 million, representing 0.21% of the loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans), down from $37 million, or 1.24% of total loans (excluding PPP loans), at December 31, 2020.

Bancorp’s credit exposure is diversified with secured and unsecured loans to individuals and businesses. No specific industry concentration exceeds 10% of loans outstanding. While Bancorp has a diversified loan portfolio, a customer’s ability to honor contracts is somewhat dependent upon the economic stability and/or industry in which that customer does business. Loans outstanding and related unfunded commitments are primarily concentrated within Bancorp’s current market areas, which encompass Louisville, Kentucky, central and eastern Kentucky, Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio.

Bancorp occasionally enters into loan participation agreements with other banks to diversify credit risk. For certain participation loans sold, Bancorp has retained effective control of the loans, typically by restricting the participating institutions from pledging or selling their ownership share of the loan without permission from Bancorp. GAAP requires the participated portion of these loans to be recorded as secured borrowings. These participated loans are included in the C&I and CRE loan portfolio segments with a corresponding liability recorded in other liabilities. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total participated portion of loans of this nature totaled $5 million and $10 million, respectively.

Non-performing Loans and Non-performing Assets

Information summarizing non-performing loans and assets follows:

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020

Non-accrual loans	$	12,814		$	12,514
Troubled debt restructurings		14			16
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing		1,050			649
Total non-performing loans		13,878			13,179

Other real estate owned		648			281
Total non-performing assets	$	14,526		$	13,460

Non-performing loans to total loans		0.33	%		0.37	%
Non-performing loans to total loans (excluding PPP)		0.36	%		0.44	%
Non-performing assets to total assets		0.24	%		0.29	%
ACL for loans to total non-performing loans		428	%		394	%

See the section titled “ Non-GAAP Financial Measures ” for reconcilement of non-GAAP to GAAP measures.

In total, non-performing assets as of June 30, 2021 were comprised of 63 loans, ranging in individual amounts up to $7 million, one accruing TDR loan and foreclosed real estate held for sale. Foreclosed real estate held at June 30, 2021 included five residential real estate properties. Non-performing assets totaling $3.4 million were added as a result of the KB acquisition, including foreclosed real estate held for sale of $580,000.

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The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by portfolio:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	9,100	$	10,278
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		696		1,403
Total commercial real estate		9,796		11,681

Commercial and industrial - term		900		6
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		88
Total commercial and industrial		900		94

Residential real estate - owner occupied		1,591		413
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		154		101
Total residential real estate		1,745		514

Construction and land development		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		366		221
Consumer		7		4
Leases		—		—
Credit cards - commercial		—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	12,814	$	12,514

As of June 30, 2021, non-accrual loans totaled $12.8 million, including $2.8 million added as a result of the KB acquisition. Excluding non-accrual loans added as a result of the acquisition, total non-accrual loans decreased $2.5 million between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021 as a result of the partial charge off of a large non-accrual CRE relationship that was fully reserved for in 2020 (and thus had no income statement impact for 2021).

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of non-performing loans and the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status for which there were no related ACL losses:

(in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	6,634	$	186
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		155		1,048
Total commercial real estate		6,789		1,234

Commercial and industrial - term		94		6
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		88
Total commercial and industrial		94		94

Residential real estate - owner occupied		—		413
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		101
Total residential real estate		—		514

Construction and land development		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		—		221
Consumer		—		4
Leases		—		—
Credit cards - commercial		—		—
Total	$	6,883	$	2,067

The increase in non-performing and non-accrual loans for which there were no related ACL losses stemmed from the partial charge off of the large non-accrual CRE relationship noted above, which was fully reserved for in 2020. The remaining balance of the loan no longer has an associated reserve.

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Delinquent Loans

Delinquent loans (consisting of all loans 30 days or more past due) totaled $18 million at June 30, 2021 compared to $17 million at December 31, 2020, including $5 million of delinquent loans added as a result of the KB acquisition. Delinquent loans to total loans were 0.42% and 0.48% at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Delinquent loans to total loans (excluding PPP loans) were 0.47% at June 30, 2021 compared to 0.57% at December 31, 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL on loans is a valuation allowance for loans estimated at each balance sheet date in accordance with GAAP. When Bancorp deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received. See the footnote titled “ Summary of Significant Accounting Policies ” for discussion of Bancorp’s ACL methodology on loans. Allocations of the ACL may be made for specific loans, but the entire ACL on loans is available for any loan that, in Bancorp’s judgment, should be charged-off.

The following table sets forth the ACL by category of loan:

	June 30, 2021								December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Allocated Allowance		% of Total ACL			ACL to Total Loans (1)			Allocated Allowance		% of Total ACL			ACL to Total Loans (1)

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	19,747		33	%		1.69	%	$	19,396		37	%		2.33	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		9,548		16	%		1.58	%		6,983		13	%		1.37	%
Total commercial real estate		29,295		49	%		1.65	%		26,379		50	%		1.97	%

Commercial and industrial - term (1)		9,748		16	%		1.79	%		8,970		17	%		1.71	%
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		5,240		9	%		1.60	%		3,614		7	%		1.31	%
Total commercial and industrial		14,988		25	%		1.72	%		12,584		24	%		1.57	%

Residential real estate - owner occupied		4,350		7	%		1.15	%		3,389		7	%		1.42	%
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		3,422		6	%		1.25	%		1,818		3	%		1.29	%
Total residential real estate		7,772		13	%		1.19	%		5,207		10	%		1.37	%

Construction and land development		5,193		9	%		1.85	%		6,119		12	%		2.10	%
Home equity lines of credit		1,230		2	%		0.86	%		895		2	%		0.94	%
Consumer		572		1	%		0.73	%		340		1	%		0.76	%
Leases		232		1	%		1.64	%		261		1	%		1.77	%
Credit cards		142		0	%		0.95	%		135		0	%		1.32	%
Total	$	59,424		100	%		1.55	%	$	51,920		100	%		1.74	%

(2) Excludes the PPP loan portfolio, which was not reserved for based on the underlying 100% SBA guarantee. The allowance allocated for the commercial & industrial –term segment includes $813,000 related to PCD PPP loans.

Bancorp’s ACL on loans was $59 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $52 million as of December 31, 2020. The change in the ACL on loans was driven by a number of competing factors, which resulted in the $7.5 million, or 14%, increase experienced for the first six months of 2021. Acquisition-related activity was responsible for a total increase to the ACL on loans of $14 million, comprised of a $7 million day one adjustment for specific reserves placed on acquired PCD loans (offset to goodwill) and $7 million of provision expense related to the remaining acquired non-PCD loan portfolio. Partially offsetting the acquisition-related increases was a net reduction of the ACL on loans of $3.9 million for the first six months of 2021 stemming from a normalized unemployment forecast and general improvement in other underlying CECL model factors compared to recent periods. Further reducing the ACL on loans, net charge offs of $2.7 million for the period were driven by the charge off of $3.1 million relating to a CRE relationship that was fully reserved for in 2020 (and thus had no 2021 income statement impact), which was partially offset by a $555,000 recovery on a note acquired in the 2019 KSB acquisition that had been charged off in 2020.

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The FRB’s Seasonally Adjusted National Civilian Unemployment Rate is the primary loss driver within Bancorp’s CECL model and has steadily improved over the past several months after spiking to 14.8% in April of 2020, standing at 5.9% as of June 30, 2021. The pandemic has had a material impact on Bancorp’s quarterly ACL on loans calculations. While Bancorp has not yet experienced credit quality issues resulting in charge-offs related to the pandemic, the ACL on loans calculation and resulting credit loss expense is significantly impacted by changes in forecasted economic conditions. Should the forecast for economic conditions worsen, Bancorp could experience further increases in its required ACL on loans and record additional credit loss expense. While the execution of payment deferrals under the CARES ACT has assisted credit quality ratios, it is possible that asset quality could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of the pandemic are prolonged.

While separate from the ACL on loans and recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, the ACL for off balance sheet credit exposures also experienced a decrease between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021. A net benefit was recorded for provision for credit losses on off balance sheet exposures during the first six months of 2021, as nearly all applicable loan segments experienced declines in their reserve loss percentage consistent with generally improving model factors and improvement in line of credit utilization was experienced during the second quarter of 2021. The ACL for off balance sheet credit exposures stood at $4.8 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to $5.4 million as of December 31, 2020.

Deposits

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		$ Change		% Change

Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	1,743,953	$	1,187,057	$	556,896		47	%

Interest bearing deposits:
Interest bearing demand		1,667,562		1,355,985		311,577		23	%
Savings		397,874		208,774		189,100		91	%
Money market		970,590		844,414		126,176		15	%

Time deposits of $250 thousand or more		91,203		73,065		18,138		25	%
Other time deposits		388,924		319,339		69,585		22	%
Total time deposits		480,127		392,404		87,723		22	%

Total interest bearing deposits		3,516,153		2,801,577		714,576		26	%

Total deposits (1)	$	5,260,106	$	3,988,634	$	1,271,472		32	%

(1) Includes $49 million and $25 million in brokered deposits as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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Composition of deposits, bifurcated between Bancorp’s historic deposit portfolio and the deposit portfolio acquired through the KB acquisition follows:

	As of June 30, 2021
(dollars in thousands)	SYB		KB		Total

Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	1,389,656	$	354,297	$	1,743,953

Interest bearing deposits:
Interest bearing demand		1,405,534		262,028		1,667,562
Savings		241,597		156,277		397,874
Money market		874,378		96,212		970,590

Time deposits of $250 thousand or more		65,412		25,791		91,203
Other time deposits(1)		263,382		125,542		388,924
Total time deposits		328,794		151,333		480,127

Total interest bearing deposits		2,850,303		665,850		3,516,153

Total deposits	$	4,239,959	$	1,020,147	$	5,260,106

Total deposits increased $1.3 billion, or 32%, from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021. Deposits totaling $1.0 billion were assumed as a result of the KB acquisition. Excluding the deposits acquired through the KB acquisition, deposits grew $251 million, or 6%, during the first six months of 2021, with non-interest bearing balances representing $203 million of the increase. Average deposit balances have increased $908 million, or 27%, over the past 12 months, as federal programs such as the PPP, stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits drove both ending and average deposit balances to record levels as of June 30, 2021 in addition to deposits added as a result of the acquisition, which contributed $112 million of the increase.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

SSUARs are collateralized by securities and are treated as financings; accordingly, the securities involved with the agreements are recorded as assets and are held by a safekeeping agent and the obligations to repurchase the securities are reflected as liabilities. All securities underlying the agreements are under the Bank’s control. The majority of SSUARs are indexed to immediately repricing indices such as the FFTR.

SSUARs totaled $64 million and $48 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as SSUAR totaling $11 million were assumed as part of the KB acquisition. The remaining increase in SSUAR is consistent with the general trend of customers maintaining elevated deposit balances.

FHLB Advances

FHLB advances decreased $22 million, or 68%, between December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2021 due to maturing advances not being renewed or replaced in addition to elective pay offs. During the first quarter of 2021, $4 million advances were paid off prior to maturity without penalty. During the second quarter of 2021, Bancorp paid off $14 million of term advances, with a weighted average cost of 2.03%, prior to their maturity incurring an early-termination fee of $474,000. Bancorp based this decision on its excess liquidity position driven by the substantial deposit growth it achieved during 2020 and the first half of 2021, combined with the then near-term outlook for low interest rates. Bancorp believes it will substantially “earn back” the early termination penalty through lower interest expense over the next two years assuming short-term interest rates remain at current low levels.

As a result of the KB acquisition, FHLB advances totaling $91 million were assumed and paid off immediately upon acquisition based on lack of necessity and current levels of excess liquidity. Early termination penalties totaling $2.5 million were incurred as a result of the payoffs, but had no income statement impact for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021 due to the fair value adjustment recorded through goodwill at acquisition.

Liquidity

The role of liquidity management is to ensure funds are available to meet depositors’ withdrawal and borrowers’ credit demands while at the same time maximizing profitability. This is accomplished by balancing changes in demand for funds with changes in supply of those funds. Liquidity is provided by short-term assets that can be converted to cash, AFS debt securities, various lines of credit available to Bancorp, and the ability to attract funds from external sources, principally deposits. Management believes it has the ability to increase deposits at any time by offering rates slightly higher than market rate.

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Bancorp’s Asset/Liability Committee is comprised of senior management and has direct oversight responsibility for Bancorp’s liquidity position and profile. A combination of reports provided to management details internal liquidity metrics, composition and level of the liquid asset portfolio, timing differences in short-term cash flow obligations, and exposure to contingent draws on Bancorp’s liquidity.

Bancorp’s most liquid assets are comprised of cash and due from banks, FFS and AFS debt securities. FFS and interest bearing deposits totaled $482 million and $275 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The large increase in FFS and interest bearing deposits experienced over the first six months of 2021 is attributed largely to PPP forgiveness activity, as cash received for the forgiveness of these notes has outpaced efforts to invest cash through the typical avenues, such as loan production and AFS debt security purchases. FFS normally have overnight maturities while interest-bearing deposits in banks are accessible on demand. These investments are used for general daily liquidity purposes.

The fair value of the AFS debt security portfolio was $1.0 billion and $587 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The $420 million, or 72%, increase experienced over the first six months of 2021 is attributed to the KB acquisition and the strategic, aggressive growth of portfolio through security purchases in an effort to deploy excess liquidity. The portfolio includes maturities of $35 million and cash flows on amortizing AFS debt securities of approximately $218 million (based on assumed prepayment speeds as of June 30, 2021) expected over the next twelve months. Combined with FFS and interest bearing deposits from banks, AFS debt securities offer substantial resources to meet either loan growth or reductions in Bancorp’s deposit funding base. Bancorp pledges portions of its investment securities portfolio to secure public funds, cash balances of certain WM&T accounts and SSUAR. At June 30, 2021, total investment securities pledged for these purposes comprised 67% of the AFS debt securities portfolio, leaving approximately $331 million of unpledged AFS debt securities.

Bancorp has a large base of core customer deposits, defined as time deposits less than or equal to $250,000, demand, savings, money market deposit accounts and excludes brokered deposits. At June 30, 2021, such deposits totaled $5.1 billion and represented 97% of Bancorp’s total deposits, as compared with $3.9 billion, or 98% of total deposits at December 31, 2020. Because these core deposits are less volatile and are often tied to other products of Bancorp through long lasting relationships, they do not place undue pressure on liquidity. However, many of Bancorp’s individual depositors are currently maintaining historically high balances. These excess balances may be more sensitive to market rates, with potential decreases possibly straining Bancorp’s liquidity position.

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Bancorp held brokered deposits totaling $49 million and $25 million, respectively, the increase resulting from brokered deposits added as a result of the KB acquisition.

Included in total deposit balances at June 30, 2021 are $535 million in public funds generally comprised of accounts with local government agencies and public school districts in the markets in which Bancorp operates, including public funds deposits totaling $187 million added as a result of the KB acquisition. Bancorp consider these to be long-term relationships.

Bancorp is a member of the FHLB of Cincinnati. As a member of the FHLB, Bancorp has access to credit products of the FHLB. Bancorp views these borrowings as a potential low cost alternative to brokered deposits. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, available credit from the FHLB totaled $875 million and $804 million, respectively. The increase in available credit over the first six months of 2021 is due to increases in both eligible loans (those pledged for collateral-based borrowing capacity), the eligibility factor used by FHLB (used to calculate collateral-based borrowing capacity) and the payoff of advances prior to maturity during the first half of 2021. See the footnote titled “FHLB Advances” for additional detail. Additionally, Bancorp had unsecured available FFP lines with correspondent banks totaling $80 million at both June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

During the normal course of business, Bancorp enters into certain forms of off-balance sheet transactions, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. These transactions are managed through Bancorp’s various risk management processes. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions in its evaluation of Bancorp’s liquidity.

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Bancorp’s principal source of cash revenue is dividends paid to it as the sole shareholder of the Bank. As discussed in the footnote titled “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” as of January 1st of any year, the Bank may pay dividends in an amount equal to the Bank’s net income of the prior two years less any dividends paid for the same two years. At June 30, 2021, the Bank could pay an amount equal to $21 million in dividends to Bancorp without regulatory approval subject to ongoing capital requirements of the Bank.

Sources and Uses of Cash

Cash flow is provided primarily through financing activities of Bancorp, which include raising deposits and borrowing funds from institutional sources such as advances from FHLB and FFP, as well as scheduled loan repayments and cash flows from AFS debt securities. These funds are primarily used to facilitate investment activities of Bancorp, which include making loans and purchasing securities for the investment portfolio. Another important source of cash is net income of the Bank from operating activities. For further detail regarding the sources and uses of cash, see the “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” in Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements.

Commitments

In the normal course of business, Bancorp is party to activities that contain credit, market and operational risk that are not reflected in whole or in part in Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements. Such activities include traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments, commitments under operating leases and long-term debt.

Bancorp provides customers with off-balance sheet credit support through loan commitments and standby letters of credit. Unused loan commitments increased $238 million as of June 30, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020, $183 million of which was attributed to the KB acquisition. Total average line of credit utilization improved to 39.2% at June 30, 2021 as compared to 38.0% at December 31, 2020 and 38.6% at June 30, 2020. While improving over the prior quarter, depressed C&I line of credit usage has driven the dramatic decline in utilization experienced over the past year as customers took advantage of the more favorable financing provided by the PPP. For reference, C&I line of credit utilization was 29.1% as of June 30, 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic average of 43.9% experienced in 2019.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers as long as collateral is available as agreed upon and there is no violation of any condition established in the contracts. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since some of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Bancorp uses the same credit and collateral policies in making commitments and conditional guarantees as for on-balance sheet instruments. Bancorp evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, securities, equipment and real estate. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should our customers default on their resulting obligation to us, our maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.

The ACL on off balance sheet credit exposures, which is separate from the ACL on loans and recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, stood at $4.8 million and $5.4 million as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. A net benefit of $825,000 was recorded as provision for credit losses on off balance sheet exposures during the first six months of 2021, as nearly all applicable loan segments experienced declines in their reserve loss percentage consistent with generally improving model factors.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by Bancorp to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party beneficiary. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support commercial transactions. Standby letters of credit generally have maturities of one to two years.

In addition to owned banking facilities, Bancorp has entered into long-term leasing arrangements for certain branch facilities. Bancorp also has required future payments for a non-qualified defined benefit retirement plan, FHLB advances and the maturity of time deposits.

See the footnote titled “ Commitments and Contingent Liabilities ” for additional detail.

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Capital

At June 30, 2021, stockholders’ equity totaled $651 million, representing an increase of $210 million, or 48%, compared to December 31, 2020. The large increase over the first six months of 2021 was attributed mainly to stock issued in relation to the KB acquisition, which totaled $205 million. Further, net income of $26.9 million was partially offset by a larger negative change in AOCI and dividends declared during the first six months of 2021. AOCI consists of net unrealized gains or losses on AFS debt securities and hedging instruments, as well as a minimum pension liability, each net of income taxes. AOCI declined $7 million from December 31, 2020 to June 30, 2021, with the fluctuation stemming from the changing interest rate environment and corresponding valuation of the AFS debt securities portfolio. See the “ Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders ’ Equity ” for further detail of changes in equity.

In May 2021, Bancorp’s Board of Directors extended its share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 1 million shares, or approximately 4% of Bancorp’s total common shares outstanding at the time. The plan, which will expire in May 2023 unless otherwise extended or completed at an earlier date, does not obligate Bancorp to repurchase any specific dollar amount or number of shares prior to the plan’s expiration. Based on economic developments over the past year and the increased importance of capital preservation, no shares were repurchased in 2020 nor the first six months of 2021. Approximately 741,000 shares remain eligible for repurchase under the current repurchase plan.

Bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks are required by regulators to meet risk-based capital standards. These standards, or ratios, measure the relationship of capital to a combination of balance sheet and off-balance sheet risks. The value of both balance sheet and off-balance sheet items are adjusted to reflect credit risks. See the footnote titled “ Regulatory Matters ” for additional detail regarding regulatory capital requirements, as well as capital ratios of Bancorp and the Bank. The Bank exceeds regulatory capital ratios required to be well-capitalized. Regulatory framework does not define well capitalized for holding companies. Management considers the effects of growth on capital ratios as it contemplates plans for expansion.

The following table sets forth consolidated Bancorp’s and the Bank’s risk based capital ratios:

	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020

Total risk-based capital(1)
Consolidated		12.80	%		13.36	%
Bank		12.46			12.99

Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital(1)
Consolidated		11.79			12.23
Bank		11.44			11.85

Tier 1 risk-based capital(1)
Consolidated		11.79			12.23
Bank		11.44			11.85

Leverage(2)
Consolidated		10.26			9.57
Bank		9.95			9.26

(1) Under regulatory risk-based capital guidelines, assets and credit-equivalent amounts of derivatives and off-balance sheet credit exposures are assigned to broad risk categories. The aggregate dollar amount in each risk category is multiplied by the associated risk weight of the category. Weighted values are added together, resulting in Bancorp's total risk-weighted assets. These ratios are computed in relation to average assets.

(2) Ratio is computed in relation to average assets.

Banking regulators have categorized the Bank as well-capitalized. To meet the definition of well-capitalized for prompt corrective action requirements, a bank must have a minimum 6.5% Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 8.0% Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 10.0% Total Risk-Based Capital ratio and 5.0% Tier 1 Leverage ratio.

Additionally, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, Bancorp and the Bank must hold a 2.5% capital conservation buffer composed of Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital above the minimum risk-based capital requirements for the Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio and Total Risk-Based Capital ratio necessary to be considered adequately-capitalized. At June 30, 2021, the adequately-capitalized minimums, including the capital conservation buffer, were a 6.0% Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio, 8.5% Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital ratio and 10.5% Total Risk-Based Capital ratio.

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As permitted by the interim final rule issued on March 27, 2020 by the federal banking regulatory agencies, Bancorp elected the option to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital related to the adoption of ASC 326 “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, ” or CECL , which was effective January 1, 2020. The initial impact of adoption of ASC 326, as well as 25% of the quarterly increases in the ACL subsequent to adoption of ASC 326 (collectively the “transition adjustments”) were declared to be delayed for two years. After two years, the cumulative amount of the transition adjustments will become fixed and will be phased out of the regulatory capital calculations evenly over a three-year period, with 75% recognized in year three, 50% recognized in year four and 25% recognized in year five. After five years, the temporary regulatory capital benefits will be fully reversed. Had Bancorp not elected to defer the regulatory capital impact of CECL, the post ASC 326 adoption capital ratios of Bancorp and the Bank would have exceeded the well-capitalized level.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following table provides a reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity in accordance with GAAP to tangible stockholders’ equity, a non-GAAP disclosure. Bancorp provides the tangible book value per share, a non-GAAP measure, in addition to those defined by banking regulators, because of its widespread use by investors as a means to evaluate capital adequacy.

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020

Total stockholders' equity - GAAP (a)	$	651,089		$	440,701
Less: Goodwill		(136,529	)		(12,513	)
Less: Core deposit intangible		(5,162	)		(1,962	)
Tangible common equity - Non-GAAP (b)	$	509,398		$	426,226

Total assets - GAAP (c)	$	6,088,072		$	4,608,629
Less: Goodwill		(136,529	)		(12,513	)
Less: Core deposit intangible		(5,162	)		(1,962	)
Tangible assets - Non-GAAP (d)	$	5,946,381		$	4,594,154

Total stockholders' equity to total assets - GAAP (a/c)		10.69	%		9.56	%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets - Non-GAAP (b/d)		8.57	%		9.28	%

Total shares outstanding (e)		26,588			22,692

Book value per share - GAAP (a/e)	$	24.49		$	19.42
Tangible common equity per share - Non-GAAP (b/e)		19.16			18.78

The ACL on loans to total non-PPP loans represents the ACL on loans, divided by total loans less PPP loans. Non-performing loans to total non-PPP loans represents non-performing loans, divided by total loans less PPP loans. Delinquent loans to total non-PPP loans represents delinquent loans (consisting of all loans 30 days or more past due), divided by total loans less PPP loans. Bancorp believes these non-GAAP ratios are important because they provide comparable ratios after eliminating PPP loans, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA and have not been allocated for within the ACL.

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(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Total loans - GAAP (a)	$	4,206,392		$	3,531,596
Less: PPP loans		(377,021	)		(550,186	)
Total non-PPP loans - Non-GAAP (b)	$	3,829,371		$	2,981,410

ACL on loans (c)	$	59,424		$	51,920
Non-performing loans (d)		13,878			13,179
Delinquent loans (e )		17,855			16,939

ACL on loans to total loans - GAAP (c/a)		1.41	%		1.47	%
ACL on loans to total loans - Non-GAAP (c/b)		1.55	%		1.74	%

Non-performing loans to total loans - GAAP (d/a)		0.33	%		0.37	%
Non-performing loans to total loans - Non-GAAP (d/b)		0.36	%		0.44	%

Delinquent loans to total loans - GAAP (e/a)		0.42	%		0.48	%
Delinquent loans to total loans - Non-GAAP (e/b)		0.47	%		0.57	%

The efficiency ratio, a non-GAAP measure, equals total non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income FTE and non-interest income. The ratio excludes net gains (losses) on sales, calls, and impairment of investment securities, if applicable. In addition to the efficiency ratio, Bancorp considers an adjusted efficiency ratio. Bancorp believes it is important because it provides a comparable ratio after eliminating the fluctuation in non-interest expenses related to amortization of investments in tax credit partnerships and non-recurring merger expenses.

Net interest income on a FTE basis includes the additional amount of interest income that would have been earned if investments in certain tax-exempt interest earning assets had been made in assets subject to federal, state and local taxes yielding the same after-tax income.

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Total non-interest expenses - GAAP (a)	$	48,177		$	23,409		$	73,150		$	46,984
Less: Non-recurring merger expenses	$	(18,100	)	$	-		$	(18,500	)	$	-
Less: Amortization of investments in tax credit partnerships		(231	)		(53	)		(262	)		(89	)
Total non-interest expenses - Non-GAAP (b)	$	29,846		$	23,356		$	54,388		$	46,895

Total net interest income, FTE	$	41,661		$	33,573		$	79,535		$	66,066
Total non-interest income		15,788			12,622			29,632			25,158
Less: Gain/loss on sale of securities		—			—			—			—
Total revenue - GAAP (c )	$	57,449		$	46,195		$	109,167		$	91,224

Efficiency ratio - GAAP (a/c)		83.86	%		50.67	%		67.01	%		51.50	%
Efficiency ratio - Non-GAAP (b/c)		51.95	%		50.56	%		49.82	%		51.41	%

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Information required by this item is included in Part I Item 2, “ Management ’ s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. ”

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out by Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc.’s management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

On April 9, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder of Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. (“KBI”) in the Circuit Court of Bourbon County, Kentucky challenging our proposed merger with KBI. The complaint, captioned Paul Parshall v. Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. et al. (Case No. 21-CI-00109), named as defendants KBI, the KBI board of directors, Stock Yards Bancorp, Inc. and H. Meyer Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stock Yards Bancorp (“Merger Sub”). The complaint alleged, among other things, that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties as directors of KBI in connection with their consideration and approval of the proposed merger transaction and caused materially misleading and incomplete information regarding the proposed transaction to be disseminated to the KBI shareholders in violation of their fiduciary duty of disclosure. The complaint further asserted that KBI, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub aided and abetted the alleged breaches of fiduciary duty by the directors of KBI in connection with the proposed transaction. The complaint sought, among other relief, preliminary and permanent injunctions to prevent the defendants from proceeding with, consummating or closing the proposed transaction unless and until KBI provided all material information to KBI shareholders to allow them to make a fully informed voting or appraisal decision with respect to the proposed transaction and adopted and implemented a procedure or process to obtain a merger agreement providing the best available terms for the KBI shareholders. Stock Yards Bancorp, KBI and the KBI board of directors believed the claims asserted in the lawsuit were without merit. On April 28, 2021, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub, with the consent of the other defendants, filed a Notice of Removal with the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky, Central Division, to remove the case from Bourbon Circuit Court to the U.S. District Court (Case No. 5:21-CV-00108-REW) for all further proceedings. On May 25, 2021, the plaintiff filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal with the U.S. District Court notifying the Court and the defendants that he was voluntarily dismissing the claims in this action without prejudice. The Court subsequently entered an order giving effect to the plaintiff’s voluntary dismissal and directing that the matter be struck from the Court’s docket, as dismissed.

On April 30, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by a purported shareholder of KBI in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York challenging our proposed merger with KBI. The complaint, captioned Alex Ciccotelli v. Kentucky Bancshares, Inc. et al. (Case No. 1:21-CV-03865-LAP), named as defendants KBI, the KBI board of directors, Stock Yards Bancorp and Merger Sub. The complaint alleged, among other things, that the individual defendants violated Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and Rule 14a-9 promulgated thereunder by disseminating a proxy statement/prospectus to the shareholders of KBI in connection with the proposed transaction that contained material misstatements and omissions and that KBI was liable as the issuer of those statements. The complaint further asserted that the individual defendants and Stock Yards Bancorp were liable for the alleged misstatements and omissions in the proxy statement/prospectus by virtue of their actions as controlling persons of KBI within the meaning of Section 20(a) of the 1934 Act. The complaint sought, among other relief, preliminary and permanent injunctions to prevent the defendants from proceeding with, consummating or closing the proposed transaction, an order directing the individual defendants to disseminate a proxy statement/prospectus that does not contain any material misstatements or omissions and, in the event defendants consummated the proposed transaction, an award of rescissionary damages. Stock Yards Bancorp, KBI and the KBI board of directors believed the claims asserted in the lawsuit were without merit. On August 2, 2021, the plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the lawsuit.

Bancorp and the Bank are defendants in various other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. There is no such proceeding pending or, to the knowledge of management, threatened in which an adverse decision could result in a material adverse change in the business or consolidated financial position of Bancorp or the Bank.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table shows information relating to the repurchase of shares of common stock by Bancorp during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

	Total number of shares purchased(1)		Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs		Average price paid per share		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs

April 1 - April 30		187	$	51.39		—	$	—
May 1 - May 31		845		43.36		—		—
June 1 - June 30		781		40.87		—		—

Total		1,813	$	43.12		—	$	43.12		741,196

(1)

Shares repurchased during the three month period ended June 30, 2021 represent shares withheld to pay taxes due.

Effective May 22, 2019, Bancorp’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of 1 million shares, or approximately 4% of Bancorp’s total common shares outstanding at the time. Stock repurchases are expected to be made from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to applicable securities laws. The plan, which was extended in May 2021 and will expire in May 2023 unless otherwise extended or completed at an earlier date, does not obligate the Company to repurchase any specific dollar amount or number of shares prior to the plan’s expiration. No shares were repurchased in 2020 nor the first quarter of 2021. Management does not intend to resume repurchasing in the near-term. Approximately 741,000 shares remain eligible for repurchase.

There were no equity securities of the registrant sold without registration during the quarter covered by this report.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed or furnished as a part of this report:

Exhibit
Number		Description of exhibit
31.1		Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

31.2		Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

32		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 902 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

101		The following materials from Stock Yards Bancorp Inc.’s Form 10-Q Report for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 formatted in inline XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

104		The cover page from Stock Yards Bancorp Inc.’s Form 10-Q Report for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021 formatted in inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	STOCK YARDS BANCORP, INC. (Registrant)


Date: August 6, 2021	By:	/s/ James A. Hillebrand James A. Hillebrand Chairman and CEO (Principal Executive Officer)


Date: August 6, 2021		/s/ T. Clay Stinnett T. Clay Stinnett EVP, Treasurer and CFO (Principal Financial Officer)

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Part I Item 1. Financial Statements Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Part II Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 32 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 902 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

SYBT 10-Q Quarter ended June 30, 2021

Exhibits