TCBK 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2023

TRICO BANCSHARES /

10-Ks and 10-Qs

10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2025
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2025
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2024
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2024
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2023
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2023
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2022
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2022
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2021
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2021
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2020
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2020
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2019
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2019
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2018
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2018
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2017
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2017
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2016
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2016
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2015
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2015
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2014
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2014
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2013
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2013
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2012
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2012
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2011
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2011
10-K	Fiscal year ended Dec. 31, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended June 30, 2010
10-Q	Quarter ended March 31, 2010

PROXIES

DEF 14A	Filed on April 17, 2025
DEF 14A	Filed on Dec. 31, 2024
DEF 14A	Filed on April 19, 2024
DEF 14A	Filed on April 17, 2023
DEF 14A	Filed on April 13, 2022
DEF 14A	Filed on April 16, 2021
DEF 14A	Filed on April 20, 2020
DEF 14A	Filed on April 18, 2019
DEF 14A	Filed on April 18, 2018
DEF 14A	Filed on April 17, 2017
DEF 14A	Filed on April 27, 2016
DEF 14A	Filed on April 1, 2015
DEF 14A	Filed on April 3, 2013
DEF 14A	Filed on April 16, 2012
DEF 14A	Filed on March 25, 2011
DEF 14A	Filed on April 9, 2010
DEF 14A	Filed on None

tcbk-20230331

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________


☒			Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended: March 31, 2023


☐			Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-10661

___________________

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

___________________


CA						94-2792841
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

63 Constitution Drive

Chico , California 95973

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

( 530 ) 898-0300

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange
on which registered

Common Stock

TCBK

The NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☒

Large accelerated filer

☐

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding for each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date:

Common stock, no par value: 33,206,788 shares outstanding as of May 5, 2023.

Table of Contents

TriCo Bancshares

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION			3
Item 1 – Financial Statements (Unaudited)			3
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			37
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			56
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures			56
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION			57
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings			57
Item 1A – Risk Factors			57
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			58
Item 6 – Exhibits			59
Signatures			60

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS

The following listing provides a comprehensive reference of common acronyms and terms used throughout the document:


ACL			Allowance for Credit Losses
AFS			Available-for-Sale
AOCI			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
CARES			Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act
CDs			Certificates of Deposit
CDI			Core Deposit Intangible
CECL			Current Expected Credit Loss
COVID-19			Coronavirus Disease
CRE			Commercial Real Estate
DFPI			State Department of Financial Protection and Innovation
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC			Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank
FRB			Federal Reserve Board
FTE			Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP			Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States of America)
HELOC			Home equity line of credit
HTM			Held-to-Maturity
NPA			Nonperforming assets
OCI			Other Comprehensive Income
PCD			Purchase Credit Deteriorated
PPP			Paycheck Protection Program
ROUA			Right-of-Use Asset
RSU			Restricted Stock Unit
SBA			Small Business Administration
SERP			Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan
SFR			Single Family Residence
TDR			Troubled Debt Restructuring
VRB			Valley Republic Bancorp
XBRL			eXtensible Business Reporting Language

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

TRICO BANCSHARES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data; unaudited)


	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	77,933	$	96,323
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks	32,402		10,907
Cash and cash equivalents	110,335		107,230
Investment securities:
Marketable equity securities	2,640		2,598
Available for sale debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0	2,405,812		2,452,438
Held to maturity debt securities, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 0	152,067		160,983
Restricted equity securities	17,250		17,250
Loans held for sale	226		1,846
Loans	6,422,421		6,450,447
Allowance for credit losses	( 108,407 )		( 105,680 )
Total loans, net	6,314,014		6,344,767
Premises and equipment, net	72,096		72,327
Cash value of life insurance	134,544		133,742
Accrued interest receivable	31,388		31,856
Goodwill	304,442		304,442
Other intangible assets, net	15,014		16,670
Operating leases, right-of-use	30,000		26,862
Other assets	252,566		257,975
Total assets	$	9,842,394	$	9,930,986
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	3,236,696	$	3,502,095
Interest-bearing	4,789,169		4,826,918
Total deposits	8,025,865		8,329,013
Accrued interest payable	1,643		1,167
Operating lease liability	32,228		29,004
Other liabilities	157,222		159,741
Other borrowings	434,140		264,605
Junior subordinated debt	101,051		101,040
Total liabilities	8,752,149		8,884,570
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value: 1,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, no par value: 50,000,000 shares authorized; 33,195,250 and 33,331,513 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	695,168		697,448
Retained earnings	564,538		542,873
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	( 169,461 )		( 193,905 )
Total shareholders’ equity	1,090,245		1,046,416
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	9,842,394	$	9,930,986

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRICO BANCSHARES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share data; unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Interest and dividend income:
Loans, including fees	$	82,415	$	57,745
Investments:
Taxable securities	18,622		9,962
Tax exempt securities	1,307		942
Dividends	304		261
Interest bearing cash at Federal Reserve and other banks	259		285
Total interest and dividend income	102,907		69,195
Interest expense:
Deposits	5,145		678
Other borrowings	2,809		5
Junior subordinated debt	1,617		588
Total interest expense	9,571		1,271
Net interest income	93,336		67,924
Provision for credit losses	4,195		8,330
Net interest income after credit loss provision	89,141		59,594
Non-interest income:
Service charges and fees	11,197		11,696
Gain on sale of loans	206		1,246
Loss on sale of investment securities	( 164 )		—
Asset management and commission income	934		887
Increase in cash value of life insurance	802		638
Other	660		629
Total non-interest income	13,635		15,096
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and related benefits	32,563		28,597
Other	21,231		17,850
Total non-interest expense	53,794		46,447
Income before provision for income taxes	48,982		28,243
Provision for income taxes	13,149		7,869
Net income	$	35,833	$	20,374
Per share data:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.08	$	0.68
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.07	$	0.67
Dividends per share	$	0.30	$	0.25

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In thousands; unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net income	$	35,833	$	20,374
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities arising during the period	24,444		( 78,397 )
Change in minimum pension liability	—		58
Change in joint beneficiary agreements	—		—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	24,444		( 78,339 )
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	60,277	$	( 57,965 )

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRICO BANCSHARES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share data; unaudited)


	Shares of Common Stock	Common Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	29,730,424	$	532,244	$	466,959	$	981	$	1,000,184
Net income				20,374				20,374
Other comprehensive loss						( 78,339 )		( 78,339 )
Stock options exercised	3,325	55						55
RSU vesting		565						565
PSU vesting		247						247
RSUs released								—

Issuance of common stock	4,105,518	173,585						173,585
Repurchase of common stock	( 1,332 )	( 24 )		( 32 )				( 56 )
Dividends paid ($ 0.30 per share)				( 7,433 )				( 7,433 )
Three months ended March 31, 2022	33,837,935	$	706,672	$	479,868	$	( 77,358 )	$	1,109,182

Balance at January 1, 2023	33,331,513	$	697,448	$	542,873	$	( 193,905 )	$	1,046,416
Net income				35,833				35,833
Other comprehensive income						24,444		24,444
Stock options exercised	4,000	78						78
RSU vesting		728						728
PSU vesting		313						313
RSUs released	22,118							—


Repurchase of common stock	( 162,381 )	( 3,399 )		( 4,196 )				( 7,595 )
Dividends paid ($ 0.30 per share)				( 9,972 )				( 9,972 )
Three months ended March 31, 2023	33,195,250	$	695,168	$	564,538	$	( 169,461 )	$	1,090,245

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

TRICO BANCSHARES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands; unaudited)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating activities:
Net income	$	35,833	$	20,374
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of premises and equipment, and amortization	1,566		1,409
Amortization of intangible assets	1,656		1,228
Provision for credit losses	4,195		8,330
Amortization of investment securities premium, net	174		5,618
Loss on sale of investment securities	164		—
Originations of loans for resale	( 6,281 )		( 30,187 )
Proceeds from sale of loans originated for resale	8,058		33,509
Gain on sale of loans	( 206 )		( 1,246 )
Change in market value of mortgage servicing rights	209		( 274 )



Operating lease expense payments	( 1,653 )		( 1,292 )
Gain on disposal of fixed assets	—		( 1,078 )
Increase in cash value of life insurance	( 802 )		( 638 )

(Gain) loss on marketable equity securities	( 42 )		137
Equity compensation vesting expense	1,041		812
Change in:
Interest receivable	468		( 83 )
Interest payable	476		( 801 )
Amortization of operating lease ROUA	1,739		1,374
Other assets and liabilities, net	( 7,640 )		( 2,347 )
Net cash from operating activities	38,955		34,845
Investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale	56,905		85,298
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity	8,842		12,894
Proceeds from sale of available for sale securities	24,160		—
Purchases of securities available for sale	—		( 247,354 )
Loan origination and principal collections, net	26,558		( 161,865 )


Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	—		6,689
Purchases of premises and equipment	( 1,213 )		( 631 )
Cash acquired from VRB, net of cash consideration paid	—		426,883
Net cash from investing activities	115,252		121,914
Financing activities:
Net change in deposits	( 303,148 )		131,839
Net change in other borrowings	169,535		( 13,903 )
Repurchase of common stock, net of option exercises	( 7,595 )		—
Dividends paid	( 9,972 )		( 7,433 )
Exercise of stock options	78		—
Net cash (used by) from financing activities	( 151,102 )		110,503
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	3,105		267,262
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	107,230		768,421
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	110,335	$	1,035,683

Table of Contents


Supplemental disclosure of noncash activities:
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale	$	34,540	$	( 111,302 )
Loans transferred to held-for-sale	—		12,044
Market value of shares tendered in-lieu of cash to pay for exercise of options and/or related taxes	621		55
Obligations incurred in conjunction with leased assets	4,484		521
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets	—		313
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activity:
Cash paid for interest expense	$	9,095	$	1,546
Cash paid for income taxes	—		—
Business combination (1)

(1) During the period ended March 31, 2022, the VRB acquisition included fair value tangible assets acquired of $ 1.37 billion, liabilities assumed of $ 1.28 billion, resulting in goodwill of $ 0.09 billion.

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

TriCo Bancshares (the “Company” or “we”) is a California corporation organized to act as a bank holding company for Tri Counties Bank (the “Bank”). The Company and the Bank are headquartered in Chico, California. The Bank is a California-chartered bank that is engaged in the general commercial banking business in 33 California counties. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting policies generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices in the banking industry. All adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has five capital subsidiary business trusts (collectively, the “Capital Trusts”) that issued trust preferred securities, including two organized by the Company and three acquired with the acquisition of North Valley Bancorp. For financial reporting purposes, the Company’s investments in the Capital Trusts of $ 1.76 million are accounted for under the equity method and, accordingly, are not consolidated and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. See the footnote 'Junior Subordinated Debt' for additional information on borrowings outstanding.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading.

Segment and Significant Group Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company grants agribusiness, commercial, consumer, and residential loans to customers located throughout California. The Company has a diversified loan portfolio within the business segments located in this geographical area. The Company currently classifies all its operation into one business segment that it denotes as community banking.

Geographical Descriptions

For the purpose of describing the geographical location of the Company’s operations, the Company has defined northern California as that area of California north of, and including, Stockton to the east and San Jose to the west; central California as that area of the state south of Stockton and San Jose, to and including, Bakersfield to the east and San Luis Obispo to the west; and southern California as that area of the state south of Bakersfield and San Luis Obispo.

Reclassification

Some items in the prior year consolidated financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior year net income or shareholders’ equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Net cash flows are reported for loan and deposit transactions and other borrowings. For purposes of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash, due from banks with original maturities less than 90 days, interest-earning deposits in other banks, and Federal funds sold are considered to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Securities

The Company measures expected credit losses on HTM debt securities on a collective basis by major security type, then further disaggregated by sector and bond rating. Accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities was considered insignificant at March 31, 2023 and is therefore excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts based on current and expected changes in credit ratings and default rates. Based on the implied guarantees of the U. S. Government or its agencies related to certain of these investment securities, and the absence of any historical or expected losses, substantially all qualify for a zero loss assumption.

Table of Contents

Management has separately evaluated its HTM investment securities from obligations of state and political subdivisions utilizing the historical loss data represented by similar securities over a period of time spanning nearly 50 years. As a result of this evaluation, management determined that the expected credit losses associated with these securities is not significant for financial reporting purposes and therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized.

The Company evaluates AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the allowance for credit losses and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired available for sale debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount is recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security's amortized cost basis. In evaluating available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers' financial condition, among other factors. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an available for sale debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. No security credit losses were recognized during the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loans

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are reported at principle amount outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs. Loans are placed in nonaccrual status when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal, or a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is considered probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of Management, the loan is estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. Accrued interest receivable is not included in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans

The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the loan's amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes the recorded loan balance is confirmed as uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Regardless of the determination that a charge-off is appropriate for financial accounting purposes, the Company manages its loan portfolio by continually monitoring, where possible, a borrower's ability to pay through the collection of financial information, delinquency status, borrower discussion and the encouragement to repay in accordance with the original contract or modified terms, if appropriate.

Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, which captures loan balances as of a point in time to form a cohort, then tracks the respective losses generated by that cohort of loans over the remaining life. The Company identified and accumulated loan cohort historical loss data beginning with the fourth quarter of 2008 and through the current period. In situations where the Company's actual loss history was not statistically relevant, the loss history of peers, defined as financial institutions with assets greater than three billion and less than ten billion, were utilized to create a minimum loss rate. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in relevant current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as historical timing of losses relative to the loan origination. In its loss forecasting framework, the Company incorporates forward-looking information through the use of macroeconomic scenarios applied over the forecasted life of the assets. These macroeconomic scenarios incorporate variables that have historically been key drivers of increases and decreases in credit losses. These variables include, but are not limited to changes in environmental conditions, such as California unemployment rates, household debt levels, changes in corporate debt yields, and U.S. gross domestic product.

PCD assets are assets acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality deterioration since origination. PCD assets are accounted for in accordance with ASC 326-20 and are initially recorded at fair value, by taking the sum of the present value of expected future cash flows and an allowance for credit losses, at acquisition. The allowance for credit losses for PCD assets is recorded through a gross-up of reserves on the balance sheet, while the allowance for acquired non-PCD assets, such as loans, is recorded through the provision for credit losses on the income statement, consistent with originated loans. Subsequent to acquisition, the allowance for credit losses for PCD loans will generally follow the same forward-looking estimation, provision, and charge-off process as non-PCD acquired and originated loans.

The Company has identified the following portfolio segments to evaluate and measure the allowance for credit loss:

Commercial real estate :

Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied: These commercial properties typically consist of buildings which are leased to others for their use and rely on rents as the primary source of repayment. Property types are predominantly office, retail, or light industrial but the portfolio also has some special use properties. As such, the risk of loss associated with these properties is primarily driven by general

Table of Contents

economic changes or changes in regional economies and the impact of such on a tenant’s ability to pay. Ultimately this can affect occupancy, rental rates, or both. Additional risk of loss can come from new construction resulting in oversupply, the costs to hold or operate the property, or changes in interest rates. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years .

Commercial real estate - Owner occupied: These credits are primarily susceptible to changes in the financial condition of the business operated by the property owner. This may be driven by changes in, among other things, industry challenges, factors unique to the operating geography of the borrower, change in the individual fortunes of the business owner, general economic conditions and changes in business cycles. When default is driven by issues related specifically to the business owner, collateral values tend to provide better repayment support and may result in little or no loss. Alternatively, when default is driven more by general economic conditions, the underlying collateral may have devalued more and thus result in larger losses in the event of default. The terms on these loans at origination typically have maturities from five to ten years with amortization periods from fifteen to thirty years .

Multifamily: These commercial properties are generally comprised of more than four rentable units, such as apartment buildings, with each unit intended to be occupied as the primary residence for one or more persons. Multifamily properties are also subject to changes in general or regional economic conditions, such as unemployment, ultimately resulting in increased vacancy rates or reduced rents or both. In addition, new construction can create an oversupply condition and market competition resulting in increased vacancy, reduced market rents, or both. Due to the nature of their use and the greater likelihood of tenant turnover, the management of these properties is more intensive and therefore is more critical to the preclusion of loss.

Farmland: While the Company has few loans that were originated for the purpose of the acquisition of these commercial properties, loans secured by farmland represent unique risks that are associated with the operation of an agricultural businesses. The valuation of farmland can vary greatly over time based on the property's access to resources including but not limited to water, crop prices, foreign exchange rates, government regulation or restrictions, and the nature of ongoing capital investment needed to maintain the quality of the property. Loans secured by farmland typically represent less risk to the Company than other agriculture loans as the real estate typically provides greater support in the event of default or need for longer term repayment.

Consumer loans :

SFR 1-4 1st DT Liens: The most significant drivers of potential loss within the Company's residential real estate portfolio relate general, regional, or individual changes in economic conditions and their effect on employment and borrowers cash flow. Risk in this portfolio is best measured by changes in borrower credit score and loan-to-value. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and its effects on employment and the value of homes and the Bank’s historical loss experience adjusted to reflect the economic outlook and the unemployment rate.

SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens: Similar to residential real estate term loans, HELOCs and junior liens performance is also primarily driven by borrower cash flows based on employment status. However, HELOCs carry additional risks associated with the fact that most of these loans are secured by a deed of trust in a position that is junior to the primary lien holder. Furthermore, the risk that as the borrower's financial strength deteriorates, the outstanding balance on these credit lines may increase as they may only be canceled by the Company if certain limited criteria are met. In addition to the allowance for credit losses maintained as a percent of the outstanding loan balance, the Company maintains additional reserves for the unfunded portion of the HELOC.

Other: The majority of consumer loans are secured by automobiles, with the remainder primarily unsecured revolving debt (credit cards). These loans are susceptible to three primary risks; non-payment due to income loss, over-extension of credit and, when the borrower is unable to pay, shortfall in collateral value, if any. Typically non-payment is due to loss of job and will follow general economic trends in the marketplace driven primarily by rises in the unemployment rate. Loss of collateral value can be due to market demand shifts, damage to collateral itself or a combination of those factors. Credit card loans are unsecured and while collection efforts are pursued in the event of default, there is typically limited opportunity for recovery. Loss estimates are based on the general movement in credit score, economic outlook and its effects on employment and the Bank’s historical loss experience adjusted to reflect the economic outlook and the unemployment rate.

Commercial and Industrial:

Repayment of these loans is primarily based on the cash flow of the borrower, and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. A borrower's cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most often, collateral includes accounts receivable, inventory, or equipment. Collateral securing these loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, may be illiquid and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. Actual and forecast changes in gross domestic product are believed to be corollary to losses associated with these credits.

Construction :

While secured by real estate, construction loans represent a greater level of risk than term real estate loans due to the nature of the additional risks associated with the not only the completion of construction within an estimated time period and budget, but also the need to either sell the building or reach a level of stabilized occupancy sufficient to generate the cash flows necessary to support debt service and operating costs. The Company seeks to mitigate the additional risks associated with construction lending by requiring borrowers to comply with lower loan to value ratios and additional covenants as well as strong tertiary support of guarantors. The loss forecasting model applies the historical rate of loss for similar loans over the expected life of the asset as adjusted for macroeconomic factors.

Table of Contents

Agriculture Production:

Repayment of agricultural loans is dependent upon successful operation of the agricultural business, which is greatly impacted by factors outside the control of the borrower. These factors include adverse weather conditions, including access to water, that may impact crop yields, loss of livestock due to disease or other factors, declines in market prices for agriculture products, changes in foreign exchange, and the impact of government regulations. In addition, many farms are dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation of the business. Consequently, agricultural production loans may involve a greater degree of risk than other types of loans.

Leases:

The loss forecasting model applies the historical rate of loss for similar loans over the expected life of the asset. Leases typically represent an elevated level of credit risk as compared to loans secured by real estate as the collateral for leases is often subject to a more rapid rate of depreciation or depletion. The ultimate severity of loss is impacted by the type of collateral securing the exposure, the size of the exposure, the borrower’s industry sector, any guarantors and the geographic market. Assumptions of expected loss are conditioned to the economic outlook and the other variables discussed above.

Unfunded commitments :

The estimated credit losses associated with these unfunded lending commitments is calculated using the same models and methodologies noted above and incorporate utilization assumptions at time of default. The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained on the consolidated balance sheet in other liabilities.

Accounting Standards Recently Issued or Adopted

FASB issued ASU 2023-02, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method. This ASU permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2023. The adoption of this accounting guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures . This ASU addresses feedback received from adopters of CECL, specifically regarding accounting guidance for TDRs and disclosures of gross write-offs by year of loan origination. Accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors will be eliminated under this amendment, while also enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Amendments in this ASU were effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2023 and applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this accounting guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Business Combinations

On March 25, 2022, the Company completed its acquisition of Valley Republic Bancorp, including the merger of Valley Republic Bank into Tri Counties Bank, with Tri Counties Bank as the surviving entity, in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement dated as of July 27, 2021. The cash and stock transaction was valued at approximately $ 174.0 million in aggregate, based on TriCo's closing stock price of $ 42.48 on March 25, 2022. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the Company issued approximately 4.1 million shares, in addition to approximately $ 0.4 million in cash paid out for settlement of stock option awards at VRB.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for VRB and the amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed that were recorded at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Table of Contents


	Fair Value as of March 25, 2022
Fair value of consideration transferred:
Fair value of shares issued	$	173,585
Cash consideration	431
Total fair value of consideration transferred	174,016
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	427,314
Securities available for sale	109,716

Loans and leases	771,353
Premises and equipment	4,658
Cash value of life insurance	13,609
Core deposit intangible	10,635
Other assets	29,744
Total assets acquired	1,367,029
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits	( 1,215,479 )
Subordinated debt	( 47,236 )
SERP liability	( 3,352 )
Other liabilities	( 10,516 )
Total liabilities assumed	( 1,276,583 )
Total net assets acquired	90,446
Goodwill recognized	$	83,570

Note 3 - Investment Securities

The amortized cost, estimated fair values and allowance for credit losses of investments in debt securities are summarized in the following tables:


	March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	1,531,759	$	5	$	( 174,329 )	$	—	$	1,357,435
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	308,129		698		( 28,927 )		—		279,900
Corporate bonds	6,165		—		( 427 )		—		5,738
Asset backed securities	440,259		18		( 12,913 )		—		427,364
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	375,345		—		( 39,970 )		—		335,375
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,661,657	$	721	$	( 256,566 )	$	—	$	2,405,812
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	148,700	$	1	$	( 9,942 )	—		138,759
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,367		14		( 5 )		—		3,376
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	152,067	$	15	$	( 9,947 )	$	—	$	142,135

Table of Contents


	December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	1,568,408	$	3	$	( 195,642 )	$	—	$	1,372,769
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	332,625		401		( 39,821 )		—		293,205
Corporate bonds	6,164		—		( 413 )		—		5,751
Asset backed securities	454,943		17		( 15,193 )		—		439,767
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	380,847		—		( 39,901 )		—		340,946
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,742,987	$	421	$	( 290,970 )	$	—	$	2,452,438
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	154,830	$	2	$	( 11,013 )	$	—	$	143,819
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	6,153		13		( 47 )		—		6,119
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	160,983	$	15	$	( 11,060 )	$	—	$	149,938

Proceeds from the sale of investment securities totaled $ 24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting in gross realized losses of $ 0.2 million. There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Investment securities with an aggregate carrying value of $ 648.4 million and $ 595.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged as collateral for specific borrowings, lines of credit or local agency deposits.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2023 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At March 31, 2023, obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a cost basis totaling $ 1,502.5 billion consist almost entirely of residential real estate mortgage-backed securities whose contractual maturity, or principal repayment, will follow the repayment of the underlying mortgages. For purposes of the following table, the entire outstanding balance of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies is categorized based on final maturity date. At March 31, 2023, the Company estimates the average remaining life of these mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government corporations and agencies to be approximately 6.53 years. Average remaining life is defined as the time span after which the principal balance has been reduced by half.

As of March 31, 2023, the contractual final maturity for available for sale and held to maturity investment securities is as follows:


Debt Securities	Available for Sale				Held to Maturity
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value

Due in one year	$	57,662	$	56,205	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	114,294		109,745		5,316		5,157
Due after five years through ten years	407,960		389,802		9,592		9,081
Due after ten years	2,081,741		1,850,060		137,159		127,897
Totals	$	2,661,657	$	2,405,812	$	152,067	$	142,135

Gross unrealized losses on debt securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

Table of Contents


March 31, 2023:	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	298,264	$	( 18,024 )	$	1,058,654	$	( 156,305 )	$	1,356,918	$	( 174,329 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	126,230		( 7,797 )		105,039		( 21,130 )		231,269		( 28,927 )
Corporate bonds	1,846		( 135 )		3,892		( 292 )		5,738		( 427 )
Asset backed securities	112,239		( 1,994 )		309,739		( 10,919 )		421,978		( 12,913 )
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	73,343		( 2,639 )		248,617		( 37,331 )		321,960		( 39,970 )
Total debt securities available for sale	$	611,922	$	( 30,589 )	$	1,725,941	$	( 225,977 )	$	2,337,863	$	( 256,566 )
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	41,389	$	( 2,252 )	$	97,370	$	( 7,690 )	$	138,759	$	( 9,942 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	1,050		( 5 )		—		—		1,050		( 5 )
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	42,439	$	( 2,257 )	$	97,370	$	( 7,690 )	$	139,809	$	( 9,947 )


December 31, 2022:	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Debt Securities Available for Sale
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	605,615	$	( 61,408 )	$	766,612	$	( 134,234 )	$	1,372,227	$	( 195,642 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	219,532		( 26,904 )		43,282		( 12,917 )		262,814		( 39,821 )
Corporate bonds	5,751		( 413 )		—		—		5,751		( 413 )
Asset backed securities	231,703		( 4,955 )		205,329		( 10,238 )		437,032		( 15,193 )
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations	123,075		( 3,421 )		203,620		( 36,480 )		326,695		( 39,901 )
Total debt securities available for sale	$	1,185,676	( 97,101 )		$	1,218,843	$	( 193,869 )	$	2,404,519	$	( 290,970 )
Debt Securities Held to Maturity
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	143,577	$	( 11,013 )	$	—	$	—	$	143,577	$	( 11,013 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	4,530		( 47 )		—		—		4,530		( 47 )
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	148,107	$	( 11,060 )	$	—	$	—	$	148,107	$	( 11,060 )

Obligations of U.S. government agencies: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of U.S. government agencies are caused by interest rate increases and illiquidity. The contractual cash flows of these securities are guaranteed by U.S. Government Sponsored Entities (principally Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded. At March 31, 2023, 261 debt securities representing obligations of U.S. government agencies had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 10.97 % from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Obligations of states and political subdivisions: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded as of March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, 159 debt securities representing obligations of states and political subdivisions had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 11.07 % from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Corporate bonds: The unrealized losses on investments in corporate bonds were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded as of March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, 6 debt securities representing corporate bonds had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 6.93 % from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

Asset backed securities: The unrealized losses on investments in asset backed securities were caused by increases in required yields by investors for these types of securities. At the time of purchase, each of these securities was rated AA or AAA and through March 31, 2023

Table of Contents

has not experienced any deterioration in credit rating. At March 31, 2023, 47 asset backed securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 2.97 % from the Company’s amortized cost basis. The Company continues to monitor these securities for changes in credit rating or other indications of credit deterioration. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses recorded as of March 31, 2023.

Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligations: The unrealized losses on investments in asset backed securities were caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. Because management believes the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell and more likely than not will not be required to sell, there is no impairment on these securities and there has been no allowance for credit losses as of and for the year ended March 31, 2023. At March 31, 2023, 22 asset backed securities had unrealized losses with aggregate depreciation of 11.04 % from the Company’s amortized cost basis.

The Company monitors credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit rating. The Company monitors the credit rating on a monthly basis. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated, aggregated by credit quality indicator:


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	AAA/AA/A		BBB/BB/B		AAA/AA/A		BBB/BB/B
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	148,700	$	—	$	154,830	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,367		—		6,153		—
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	152,067	$	—	$	160,983	$	—

Note 4 – Loans

A summary of loan balances at amortized cost are as follows:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	2,161,059	$	2,149,725
CRE owner occupied	971,210		984,807
Multifamily	946,693		944,537
Farmland	274,997		280,014
Total commercial real estate loans	4,353,959		4,359,083
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	803,407		790,349
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	375,591		393,666
Other	54,799		56,728
Total consumer loans	1,233,797		1,240,743
Commercial and industrial	553,098		569,921
Construction	225,996		211,560
Agriculture production	47,062		61,414
Leases	8,509		7,726
Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and discounts	$	6,422,421	$	6,450,447
Total principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs	$	6,467,936	$	6,496,210
Unamortized net deferred loan fees	( 16,423 )		( 15,275 )
Discounts to principal balance of loans owed, net of charge-offs	( 29,092 )		( 30,488 )
Total loans, net of unamortized deferred loan fees and discounts	$	6,422,421	$	6,450,447
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	( 108,407 )	$	( 105,680 )

Table of Contents

Note 5 – Allowance for Credit Losses

For the periods indicated, the following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans which is recorded as a contra asset, and the reserve for unfunded commitments which is recorded on the balance sheet within other liabilities:


	Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (benefit)		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	30,962	$	—	$	—	$	2,001	$	32,963
CRE owner occupied	14,014		—		—		545		14,559
Multifamily	13,132		—		—		741		13,873
Farmland	3,273		—		—		269		3,542
Total commercial real estate loans	61,381		—		—		3,556		64,937
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	11,268		—		—		652		11,920
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	11,413		( 42 )		65		( 522 )		10,914
Other	1,958		( 142 )		51		195		2,062
Total consumer loans	24,639		( 184 )		116		325		24,896
Commercial and industrial	13,597		( 1,574 )		53		( 7 )		12,069
Construction	5,142		—		—		513		5,655
Agriculture production	906		—		1		( 74 )		833
Leases	15		—		—		2		17
Allowance for credit losses on loans	105,680		( 1,758 )		170		4,315		108,407
Reserve for unfunded commitments	4,315		—		—		( 120 )		4,195
Total	$	109,995	$	( 1,758 )	$	170	$	4,195	$	112,602

In determining the allowance for credit losses, accruing loans with similar risk characteristics are generally evaluated collectively. To estimate expected losses the Company generally utilizes historical loss trends and the remaining contractual lives of the loan portfolios to determine estimated credit losses through a reasonable and supportable forecast period. Individual loan credit quality indicators including loan grade and borrower repayment performance have been statistically correlated with historical credit losses and various econometrics, including California unemployment, gross domestic product, and corporate bond yields. Model forecasts may be adjusted for inherent limitations or biases that have been identified through independent validation and back-testing of model performance to actual realized results.

The Company utilizes a forecast period of approximately eight quarters and obtains the forecast data from publicly available sources as of the balance sheet date. This forecast data continues to evolve and included improving shifts in the magnitude of changes for both the unemployment and GDP factors leading up to the balance sheet date, particularly CA unemployment trends. As compared to historical norms, inflation remains elevated from continued disruptions in the supply chain, wage pressures, and higher living costs such as housing and food prices Despite the expected continued benefit to the net interest income of the Company from the elevated rate environment, Management notes the rapid intervals of rate increases by the Federal Reserve and flattening or inversion of the yield curve, have boosted expectations of the US entering a recession within 12 months. As a result, management continues to believe that certain credit weakness are likely present in the overall economy and that it is appropriate to cautiously maintain a reserve level that incorporates such risk factors.

Purchased loans and leases that reflect a more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit from origination are considered PCD. For PCD loans and leases, the initial estimate of expected credit losses is recognized in the ACL on the date of acquisition using the same methodology as other loans and leases held-for-investment. The following table provides a summary of loans and leases purchased as part of the VRB acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:


	As of March 25, 2022
(in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Commercial and Industrial		Construction		Agriculture Production		Total
Par value	$	27,237	$	3,877	$	2,674	$	25,645	$	9,080	$	68,513
ACL at acquisition	( 1,573 )		( 144 )		( 81 )		( 201 )		( 38 )		( 2,037 )
Non-credit discount	( 2,305 )		( 360 )		( 47 )		( 232 )		( 12 )		( 2,956 )
Purchase price	$	23,359	$	3,373	$	2,546	$	25,212	$	9,030	$	63,520

Table of Contents


	Allowance for credit losses – Year ended December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		ACL of PCD Loans		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision (benefit)		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	25,739	$	746	$	—	$	1	$	4,476	$	30,962
CRE owner occupied	10,691		63		—		2		3,258		14,014
Multifamily	12,395		—		—		—		737		13,132
Farmland	2,315		764		( 294 )		—		488		3,273
Total commercial real estate loans	51,140		1,573		( 294 )		3		8,959		61,381
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	10,723		144		—		79		322		11,268
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	10,510		—		( 22 )		429		496		11,413
Other	2,241		—		( 572 )		235		54		1,958
Total consumer loans	23,474		144		( 594 )		743		872		24,639
Commercial and industrial	3,862		81		( 697 )		1,157		9,194		13,597
Construction	5,667		201		—		—		( 726 )		5,142
Agriculture production	1,215		38		—		4		( 351 )		906
Leases	18		—		—		—		( 3 )		15
Allowance for credit losses on loans	85,376		2,037		( 1,585 )		1,907		17,945		105,680
Reserve for unfunded commitments	3,790		—		—		—		525		4,315
Total	$	89,166	$	2,037	$	( 1,585 )	$	1,907	$	18,470	$	109,995


	Allowance for credit losses – Three months ended March 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		ACL of PCD Loans		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	25,739	$	746	$	—	$	—	$	1,570	$	28,055
CRE owner occupied	10,691		63		—		—		1,317		12,071
Multifamily	12,395		—		—		—		( 408 )		11,987
Farmland	2,315		764		( 294 )		—		94		2,879
Total commercial real estate loans	51,140		1,573		( 294 )		—		2,573		54,992
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	10,723		144		—		40		( 238 )		10,669
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	10,510		—		—		175		158		10,843
Other	2,241		—		( 119 )		71		( 26 )		2,167
Total consumer loans	23,474		144		( 119 )		286		( 106 )		23,679
Commercial and industrial	3,862		81		( 330 )		887		4,542		9,042
Construction	5,667		201		—		—		1,569		7,437
Agriculture production	1,215		38		—		1		( 371 )		883
Leases	18		—		—		—		( 2 )		16
Allowance for credit losses on loans	85,376		2,037		( 743 )		1,174		8,205		96,049
Reserve for unfunded commitments	3,790		—		—		—		125		3,915
Total	$	89,166	$	2,037	$	( 743 )	$	1,174	$	8,330	$	99,964

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including, but not limited to, trends relating to (i) the level of criticized and classified loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, and (iv) delinquency within the portfolio. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk and grading. This analysis is performed annually for all outstanding balances greater than $ 1 million and non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real

Table of Contents

estate loans, unless other indicators, such as delinquency, trigger more frequent evaluation. Loans below the $ 1 million threshold and homogenous in nature are evaluated as needed for proper grading based on delinquency and borrower credit scores.

The Company utilizes a risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale ranging from Pass to Loss. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

• Pass – This grade represents loans ranging from acceptable to very little or no credit risk. These loans typically meet most if not all policy standards in regard to: loan amount as a percentage of collateral value, debt service coverage, profitability, leverage, and working capital.

• Special Mention – This grade represents “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and includes loans that display some potential weaknesses which, if left unaddressed, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or may inadequately protect the Company’s position in the future. These loans warrant more than normal supervision and attention.

• Substandard – This grade represents “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans within this rating typically exhibit weaknesses that are well defined to the point that repayment is jeopardized. Loss potential is, however, not necessarily evident. The underlying collateral supporting the credit appears to have sufficient value to protect the Company from loss of principal and accrued interest, or the loan has been written down to the point where this is true. There is a definite need for a well-defined workout/rehabilitation program.

• Doubtful – This grade represents “Doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. An asset classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and financing plans.

• Loss – This grade represents “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. A loan classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though some recovery may be affected in the future. The portion of the loan that is graded loss should be charged off no later than the end of the quarter in which the loss is identified.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows for the period indicated:


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings
Pass	$	29,991	$	412,225	$	293,358	$	152,186	$	225,912	$	868,576	$	120,771	$	—	$	2,103,019
Special Mention	—		—		7,430		—		19,905		25,555		1,556		—		54,446
Substandard	—		—		827		743		218		1,806		—		—		3,594
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	29,991	$	412,225	$	301,615	$	152,929	$	246,035	$	895,937	$	122,327	$	—	$	2,161,059
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—




Commercial real estate:
CRE owner occupied risk ratings
Pass	$	17,630	$	201,342	$	194,894	$	121,856	$	63,323	$	291,219	$	33,526	$	—	$	923,790
Special Mention	—		131		16,818		232		724		7,794		838		—		26,537
Substandard	—		3,153		—		5,217		1,877		10,479		157		—		20,883
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	17,630	$	204,626	$	211,712	$	127,305	$	65,924	$	309,492	$	34,521	$	—	$	971,210
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate:
Multifamily risk ratings
Pass	$	2,849	$	178,177	$	289,301	$	95,352	$	108,051	$	239,322	$	33,524	$	—	$	946,576
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		117		—		—		117
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,849	$	178,177	$	289,301	$	95,352	$	108,051	$	239,439	$	33,524	$	—	$	946,693
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


Commercial real estate:
Farmland risk ratings
Pass	$	14,429	$	46,353	$	53,146	$	16,430	$	18,037	$	46,924	$	52,382	$	—	$	247,701
Special Mention	—		3,140		—		304		5,000		3,386		—		—		11,830
Substandard	—		—		775		371		—		10,837		3,483		—		15,466
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	14,429	$	49,493	$	53,921	$	17,105	$	23,037	$	61,147	$	55,865	$	—	$	274,997
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings
Pass	$	15,719	$	193,110	$	271,654	$	127,830	$	32,755	$	141,016	$	8	$	3,506	$	785,598
Special Mention	—		1,079		—		3,234		280		8,662		—		67		13,322
Substandard	—		—		1,189		—		—		2,667		—		631		4,487
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	15,719	$	194,189	$	272,843	$	131,064	$	33,035	$	152,345	$	8	$	4,204	$	803,407
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


Consumer loans:
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens
Pass	$	360	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	119	$	362,806	$	7,858	$	371,143
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		646		23		669
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,159		620		3,779
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	360	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	119	$	366,611	$	8,501	$	375,591
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	43	$	43




Consumer loans:
Other risk ratings
Pass	$	4,305	$	11,888	$	12,044	$	9,376	$	9,680	$	6,274	$	588	$	—	$	54,155
Special Mention	—		—		13		64		130		200		16		—		423
Substandard	—		—		—		42		70		87		22		—		221
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	4,305	$	11,888	$	12,057	$	9,482	$	9,880	$	6,561	$	626	$	—	$	54,799
Current period gross write-offs	$	96	$	6	$	—	$	—	$	29	$	7	$	3	$	—	$	141

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial and industrial loans:
Commercial and industrial risk ratings
Pass	$	34,754	$	107,807	$	64,490	$	15,801	$	20,277	$	11,093	$	273,269	$	402	$	527,893
Special Mention	44		2,750		60		20		29		1,037		9,453		—		13,393
Substandard	—		1,223		1,869		3,235		11		298		5,076		100		11,812
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	34,798	$	111,780	$	66,419	$	19,056	$	20,317	$	12,428	$	287,798	$	502	$	553,098
Current period gross write-offs	$	6	$	—	$	—	$	1,550	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18	$	1,574


Construction loans:
Construction risk ratings
Pass	$	10,823	$	93,294	$	67,911	$	41,776	$	4,904	$	6,736	$	—	$	—	$	225,444
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		458		94		—		—		552
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	10,823	$	93,294	$	67,911	$	41,776	$	5,362	$	6,830	$	—	$	—	$	225,996
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


Agriculture production loans:
Agriculture production risk ratings
Pass	$	50	$	3,140	$	2,567	$	1,003	$	929	$	9,755	$	21,690	$	—	$	39,134
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		103		4,769		—		4,872
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,056		—		3,056
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	50	$	3,140	$	2,567	$	1,003	$	929	$	9,858	$	29,515	$	—	$	47,062
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—


Leases:
Lease risk ratings
Pass	$	8,509	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$ 8,509
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	8,509	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,509
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—




Total loans outstanding:
Risk ratings
Pass	$	139,419	$	1,247,336	$	1,249,365	$	581,610	$	483,868	$	1,621,034	$	898,564	$	11,766	$	6,232,962
Special Mention	44		7,100		24,321		3,854		26,068		46,737		17,278		90		125,492
Substandard	—		4,376		4,660		9,608		2,634		26,385		14,953		1,351		63,967
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	139,463	$	1,258,812	$	1,278,346	$	595,072	$	512,570	$	1,694,156	$	930,795	$	13,207	$	6,422,421
Current period gross write-offs	$	102	$	6	$	—	$	1,550	$	29	$	7	$	3	$	61	$	1,758

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied risk ratings
Pass	$	399,910	$	304,636	$	152,960	$	221,659	$	147,842	$	748,994	$	123,794	$	—	$	2,099,795
Special Mention	—		—		—		20,033		—		21,681		1,346		—		43,060
Substandard	—		864		768		—		1,059		4,179		—		—		6,870
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	399,910	$	305,500	$	153,728	$	241,692	$	148,901	$	774,854	$	125,140	$	—	$	2,149,725


Commercial real estate:
CRE owner occupied risk ratings
Pass	$	210,101	$	197,787	$	120,929	$	64,244	$	49,755	$	251,137	$	43,343	$	—	$	937,296
Special Mention	131		16,296		234		731		—		6,971		879		—		25,242
Substandard	3,213		—		5,249		1,893		1,103		10,654		157		—		22,269
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	213,445	$	214,083	$	126,412	$	66,868	$	50,858	$	268,762	$	44,379	$	—	$	984,807


Commercial real estate:
Multifamily risk ratings
Pass	$	159,318	$	290,170	$	96,937	$	108,586	$	106,287	$	154,125	$	28,989	$	—	$	944,412
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		125		—		—		125
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	159,318	$	290,170	$	96,937	$	108,586	$	106,287	$	154,250	$	28,989	$	—	$	944,537


Commercial real estate:
Farmland risk ratings
Pass	$	47,067	$	53,275	$	16,739	$	18,589	$	12,386	$	34,528	$	53,684	$	—	$	236,268
Special Mention	3,139		783		246		5,000		—		3,991		14,275		—		27,434
Substandard	—		—		1,772		765		3,158		7,094		3,523		—		16,312
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	50,206	$	54,058	$	18,757	$	24,354	$	15,544	$	45,613	$	71,482	$	—	$	280,014


Consumer loans:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens risk ratings
Pass	$	194,933	$	265,370	$	131,922	$	33,395	$	28,545	$	115,469	$	8	$	2,924	$	772,566
Special Mention	—		—		1,531		282		3,277		5,854		—		465		11,409
Substandard	—		1,204		—		—		1,004		3,521		—		645		6,374
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	194,933	$	266,574	$	133,453	$	33,677	$	32,826	$	124,844	$	8	$	4,034	$	790,349

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Consumer loans:
SFR HELOCs and Junior Liens
Pass	$	505	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	127	$	378,939	$	8,462	$	388,033
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,842		81		1,923
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,072		638		3,710
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	505	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	127	$	383,853	$	9,181	$	393,666


Consumer loans:
Other risk ratings
Pass	$	14,070	$	12,990	$	10,211	$	10,650	$	5,225	$	1,945	$	899	$	—	$	55,990
Special Mention	—		18		77		135		176		32		47		—		485
Substandard	—		—		42		92		—		96		23		—		253
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	14,070	$	13,008	$	10,330	$	10,877	$	5,401	$	2,073	$	969	$	—	$	56,728


Commercial and industrial loans:
Commercial and industrial risk ratings
Pass	$	125,710	$	64,966	$	17,746	$	23,131	$	7,628	$	5,051	$	297,341	$	483	$	542,056
Special Mention	3,032		139		21		49		138		768		11,547		—		15,694
Substandard	1,293		1,142		5,179		14		33		611		3,798		101		12,171
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	130,035	$	66,247	$	22,946	$	23,194	$	7,799	$	6,430	$	312,686	$	584	$	569,921


Construction loans:
Construction risk ratings
Pass	$	72,840	$	72,308	$	43,409	$	15,358	$	2,159	$	4,900	$	—	$	—	$	210,974
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		457		—		129		—		—		586
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	72,840	$	72,308	$	43,409	$	15,815	$	2,159	$	5,029	$	—	$	—	$	211,560


Agriculture production loans:
Agriculture production risk ratings
Pass	$	3,414	$	2,777	$	1,149	$	1,104	$	8,902	$	1,058	$	38,425	$	—	$	56,829
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		90		31		1,632		—		1,753
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,832		—		2,832
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	3,414	$	2,777	$	1,149	$	1,104	$	8,992	$	1,089	$	42,889	$	—	$	61,414

Table of Contents


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Leases:
Lease risk ratings
Pass	$	7,726	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,726
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	7,726	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	7,726


Total loans outstanding:
Risk ratings
Pass	$	1,235,594	$	1,264,279	$	592,002	$	496,716	$	368,729	$	1,317,334	$	965,422	$	11,869	$	6,251,945
Special Mention	6,302		17,236		2,109		26,230		3,681		39,328		31,568		546		127,000
Substandard	4,506		3,210		13,010		3,221		6,357		26,409		13,405		1,384		71,502
Doubtful/Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,246,402	$	1,284,725	$	607,121	$	526,167	$	378,767	$	1,383,071	$	1,010,395	$	13,799	$	6,450,447

The following table shows the ending balance of current and past due originated loans by loan category as of the date indicated:


	Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total Past Due Loans		Current		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	623	$	—	$	—	$	623	$	2,160,436	$	2,161,059
CRE owner occupied	156		82		172		410		970,800		971,210
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		946,693		946,693
Farmland	150		—		—		150		274,847		274,997
Total commercial real estate loans	929		82		172		1,183		4,352,776		4,353,959
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	442		557		356		1,355		802,052		803,407
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	—		1,342		793		2,135		373,456		375,591
Other	49		136		121		306		54,493		54,799
Total consumer loans	491		2,035		1,270		3,796		1,230,001		1,233,797
Commercial and industrial	471		1,620		364		2,455		550,643		553,098
Construction	—		78		379		457		225,539		225,996
Agriculture production	—		—		—		—		47,062		47,062
Leases	—		—		—		—		8,509		8,509
Total	$	1,891	$	3,815	$	2,185	$	7,891	$	6,414,530	$	6,422,421

Table of Contents


	Analysis of Past Due Loans - As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	30-59 days		60-89 days		> 90 days		Total Past Due Loans		Current		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,149,725	$	2,149,725
CRE owner occupied	—		98		75		173		984,634		984,807
Multifamily	159		—		—		159		944,378		944,537
Farmland	—		—		—		—		280,014		280,014
Total commercial real estate loans	159		98		75		332		4,358,751		4,359,083
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	24		—		279		303		790,046		790,349
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	172		166		707		1,045		392,621		393,666
Other	26		34		55		115		56,613		56,728
Total consumer loans	222		200		1,041		1,463		1,239,280		1,240,743
Commercial and industrial	2,300		190		283		2,773		567,148		569,921
Construction	—		—		379		379		211,181		211,560
Agriculture production	—		—		—		—		61,414		61,414
Leases	—		—		—		—		7,726		7,726
Total	$	2,681	$	488	$	1,778	$	4,947	$	6,445,500	$	6,450,447

The following table shows the ending balance of non accrual loans by loan category as of the date indicated:


	Non Accrual Loans
	As of March 31, 2023						As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses		Total non accrual		Past due 90 days or more and still accruing		Non accrual with no allowance for credit losses		Total non accrual		Past due 90 days or more and still accruing
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	1,671	$	1,671	$	—	$	1,739	$	1,739	$	—
CRE owner occupied	3,848		3,848		—		4,938		4,938		—
Multifamily	117		117		—		125		125		—
Farmland	371		371		—		1,772		1,772		—
Total commercial real estate loans	6,007		6,007		—		8,574		8,574		—
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	3,532		3,532		—		4,117		4,220		—
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	2,790		3,373		—		2,498		3,155		—
Other	78		139		—		47		84		—
Total consumer loans	6,400		7,044		—		6,662		7,459		—
Commercial and industrial	95		1,372		189		1,224		3,518		—
Construction	457		457		—		491		491		—
Agriculture production	957		957		—		1,279		1,279		—
Leases	—		—		—		—		—		—
Sub-total	13,916		15,837		189		18,230		21,321		—
Less: Guaranteed loans	( 75 )		( 230 )		—		( 105 )		( 225 )
Total, net	$	13,841	$	15,607	$	189	$	18,125	$	21,096	$	—

Interest income on non accrual loans that would have been recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, if all such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $ 0.32 million and $ 0.17 million, respectively. Interest income actually recognized on these originated loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $ 17 thousand and $ 13 thousand, respectively.

Table of Contents

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loans as of the following periods:


	As of March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Retail		Office		Warehouse		Other		Multifamily		Farmland		SFR-1st Deed		SFR-2nd Deed		Automobile/Truck		A/R and Inventory		Equipment		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	749	$	95	$	—	$	827	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,671
CRE owner occupied	523		75		—		3,250		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		3,848
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		117		—		—		—		—		—		—		117
Farmland	—		—		—		—		—		371		—		—		—		—		—		371
Total commercial real estate loans	1,272		170		—		4,077		117		371		—		—		—		—		—		6,007
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,532		—		—		—		—		3,532
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,705		1,308		—		—		—		3,013
Other	—		—		—		4		—		—		—		—		124		—		2		130
Total consumer loans	—		—		—		4		—		—		5,237		1,308		124		—		2		6,675
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,298		74		1,372
Construction	—		—		—		379		—		—		78		—		—		—		—		457
Agriculture production	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		957		957
Leases	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,272	$	170	$	—	$	4,460	$	117	$	371	$	5,315	$	1,308	$	124	$	1,298	$	1,033	$	15,468


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Retail		Office		Warehouse		Other		Multifamily		Farmland		SFR -1st Deed		SFR -2nd Deed		Automobile/Truck		A/R and Inventory		Equipment		Total
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	777	$	98	$	—	$	864	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,739
CRE owner occupied	548		75		1,103		3,212		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		4,938
Multifamily	—		—		—		—		125		—		—		—		—		—		—		125
Farmland	—		—		—		—		—		1,772		—		—		—		—		—		1,772
Total commercial real estate loans	1,325		173		1,103		4,076		125		1,772		—		—		—		—		—		8,574
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		4,220		—		—		—		—		4,220
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,664		1,121		—		—		—		2,785
Other	—		—		—		5		—		—		—		—		61		—		2		68
Total consumer loans	—		—		—		5		—		—		5,884		1,121		61		—		2		7,073
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		1,874		—		—		—		—		—		1,596		48		3,518
Construction	—		—		—		379		—		—		112		—		—		—		—		491
Agriculture production	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,279		1,279
Leases	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,325	$	173	$	1,103	$	6,334	$	125	$	1,772	$	5,996	$	1,121	$	61	$	1,596	$	1,329	$	20,935

Table of Contents

Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, forbearances, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The following tables show the amortized cost basis of loans that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the periods presented. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivables is also presented below.


	For the three months ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Payment Delay/Term Extension		Total % of Loans Outstanding
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	—	—	%
CRE owner occupied	—		—
Multifamily	—		—
Farmland	—		—
Total commercial real estate loans	—		—
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	—		—
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	—		—
Other	—		—
Total consumer loans	—		—
Commercial and industrial	177		0.03
Construction	—		—
Agriculture production	—		—
Leases	—		—
Total	$	177	0.03	%

The following table presents the financial effect of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.


						Weighted Average Months Term Extension
Commercial and industrial						12

There were no loans with payment defaults by borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 which had material modifications in rate, term or principal forgiveness during the twelve months prior to default.

Note 6 - Leases

The Company records a ROUA on the consolidated balance sheets for those leases that convey rights to control use of identified assets for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company also records a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheets for the present value of future payment commitments. All of the Company’s leases are comprised of operating leases in which the Company is lessee of real estate property for branches, ATM locations, and general administration and operations. The Company has elected not to include short-term leases (i.e. leases with initial terms of 12 month or less) within the ROUA and lease liability. Known or determinable adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments were included in the calculation of the Company’s ROUA and lease liability. Adjustments to the required minimum future lease payments that are variable and will not be determinable until a future period, such as changes in the consumer price index, are included as variable lease costs. Additionally, expected variable payments for common area maintenance, taxes and insurance were unknown and not determinable at lease commencement and therefore, were not included in the determination of the Company’s ROUA or lease liability.

The value of the ROUA and lease liability is impacted by the amount of the periodic payment required, length of the lease term, and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. The lease liability is reduced based on the discounted present value of remaining payments as of each reporting period. The ROUA value is measured using the amount of lease liability and adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments, remaining lease incentives, unamortized direct costs (if any), and impairment (if any).

Table of Contents

The following table presents the components of lease expense for the periods ended:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Operating lease cost	$	1,609	$	1,319
Short-term lease cost	118		53
Variable lease cost	12		2
Sublease income	—		—
Total lease cost	$	1,739	$	1,374

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods ended:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	1,653	$	1,292
ROUA obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	4,484	$	3,867

The following table presents the weighted average operating lease term and discount rate as of the period ended:


	March 31,
	2023		2022
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	8.3		8.8
Weighted-average discount rate	3.27	%	2.90	%

At March 31, 2023, future expected operating lease payments are as follows:


(in thousands)
Periods ending December 31,
2023	$	4,505
2024	5,798
2025	5,229
2026	4,688
2027	4,001
Thereafter	13,071
	37,292
Discount for present value of expected cash flows	( 5,064 )
Lease liability at March 31, 2023	$	32,228

Note 7 - Deposits

A summary of the balances of deposits follows:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	3,236,696	$	3,502,095
Interest-bearing demand	1,635,706		1,718,541
Savings	2,807,796		2,884,378
Time certificates, $250,000 or more	94,917		46,350
Other time certificates	250,750		177,649
Total deposits	$	8,025,865	$	8,329,013

Overdrawn deposit balances of $ 1.4 million and $ 1.8 million were classified as consumer loans at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

Note 8 - Subordinated Debentures

The following table summarizes the terms and recorded balances of each debenture as of the date indicated (dollars in thousands):


				Coupon Rate (Variable) 3 mo. LIBOR +		As of March 31, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
Subordinated Debt Series	Maturity Date	Face Value				Current Coupon Rate		Recorded Book Value		Recorded Book Value
TriCo Cap Trust I	10/7/2033	$	20,619	3.05	%	7.88	%	$	20,619	$	20,619
TriCo Cap Trust II	7/23/2034	20,619		2.55	%	7.36	%	20,619		20,619
North Valley Trust II	4/24/2033	6,186		3.25	%	8.06	%	5,527		5,503
North Valley Trust III	7/23/2034	5,155		2.80	%	7.61	%	4,404		4,383
North Valley Trust IV	3/15/2036	10,310		1.33	%	6.19	%	7,446		7,393
VRB Subordinated - 6 %	3/29/2029	16,000		Fixed		6.00	%	17,140		17,187
VRB Subordinated - 5 %	8/27/2035	20,000		Fixed		5.00	%	25,296		25,336
		$	98,889					$	101,051	$	101,040

The VRB - 6 % Subordinated Debt issuance has a fixed rate of 6.0 % through March 29, 2024, then indexed to the three-month LIBOR plus 3.5 % through the maturity date. The VRB - 5 % Subordinated Debt issuance is fixed at 5.0 % through August 27, 2025, then indexed to the three-month LIBOR plus 4.9 % through the maturity date.

Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies

The following table presents a summary of the Bank’s commitments and contingent liabilities:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Financial instruments whose amounts represent risk:
Commitments to extend credit:
Commercial loans	$	726,505	$	656,705
Consumer loans	751,193		760,588
Real estate mortgage loans	473,894		458,896
Real estate construction loans	307,152		312,371
Standby letters of credit	24,070		26,599
Deposit account overdraft privilege	129,147		126,634

Note 10 - Shareholders’ Equity

Dividends Paid

The Bank paid to the Company cash dividends in the aggregate amounts of $ 18.2 million and $ 7.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Bank is regulated by the FDIC and the DFPI. Absent approval from the Commissioner of the DFPI, California banking laws generally limit the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the lesser of (1) retained earnings or (2) net income for the last three fiscal years, less cash distributions paid during such period.

Stock Repurchase Plan

On February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 2.0 million shares of the Company's common stock (the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7 % of the shares outstanding as of the approval date. The actual timing of any share repurchases can be determined by the Company's management and therefore the total value of the shares to be purchased under the 2021 Repurchase Plan is subject to change. The 2021 Repurchase Plan has no expiration date (in accordance with applicable laws and regulations). During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 150,000 and zero shares with market values of $ 7.0 million and $ 0 , respectively.

Stock Repurchased Under Equity Compensation Plans

The Company's shareholder-approved equity compensation plans permit employees to tender recently vested shares in lieu of cash for the payment of exercise price, if applicable, and the tax withholding on such shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, exercising option holders tendered zero shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock in connection with option exercises.

Table of Contents

Employees also tendered 12,381 and zero shares in connection with the tax withholding requirements of other share based awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In total, shares of the Company's common stock tendered had market values of $ 0.62 million and $ 0 during the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The tendered shares were retired. The market value of tendered shares is the last market trade price at closing on the day an option is exercised or the other share based award vests. Stock repurchased under equity incentive plans are not included in the total of stock repurchased under the 2021 Stock Repurchase Plans.

Note 11 - Stock Options and Other Equity-Based Incentive Instruments

On April 16, 2019, the Board of Directors adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan) which was approved by shareholders on May 21, 2019. The 2019 Plan allows for up to 1,500,000 shares to be issued in connection with equity-based incentives. The Company’s 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (2009 Plan) expired on March 26, 2019. While no new awards can be granted under the 2009 Plan, existing grants continue to be governed by the terms, conditions and procedures set forth in any applicable award agreement.

Stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is summarized in the following table:


	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	15,500	$	21.27
Options granted	—	—
Options exercised	( 4,000 )	19.46
Options forfeited	—	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	11,500	$	21.90

The following table shows the number, weighted-average exercise price, intrinsic value, and weighted average remaining contractual life of options exercisable, options not yet exercisable and total options outstanding as of March 31, 2023:


	Currently Exercisable		Currently Not Exercisable		Total Outstanding
Number of options	11,500		—		11,500
Weighted average exercise price	$	21.90	$	—	$	21.90
Intrinsic value (in thousands)	$	226	$	—	$	226
Weighted average remaining contractual term (yrs.)	1.0		0 years		1.0

As of March 31, 2023 all options outstanding are fully vested and are expected to be exercised prior to expiration. The Company did not modify any option grants during 2022 or the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Activity related to restricted stock unit awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023 is summarized in the following table:


	Service Condition Vesting RSUs	Market Plus Service Condition Vesting RSUs
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	139,194	114,481
RSUs granted	—	—
RSUs added through dividend and performance credits	817	—
RSUs released	( 22,118 )	—
RSUs forfeited/expired	—	—
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	117,893	114,481

The 117,893 of service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2023 include a feature whereby each RSU outstanding is credited with a dividend amount equal to any common stock cash dividend declared and paid, and the credited amount is divided by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the dividend payable date to arrive at an additional amount of RSUs outstanding under the original grant. The dividend credits follow the same vesting requirements as the RSU awards and are not considered participating securities. The 117,893 of service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2023 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 2.1 years. The Company expects to recognize $ 3.1 million of pre-tax compensation costs related to these service condition vesting RSUs between March 31, 2023 and their vesting dates. The Company did not modify any service condition vesting RSUs during 2022 or during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The 114,481 of market plus service condition vesting RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2023 are expected to vest, and be released, on a weighted-average basis, over the next 2.1 years. The Company expects to recognize $ 1.8 million of pre-tax compensation costs related to these RSUs between March 31, 2023 and their vesting dates. As of March 31, 2023, the number of market plus service condition vesting

Table of Contents

RSUs outstanding that will actually vest, and be released, may be reduced to zero or increased to 171,722 depending on the total return of the Company’s common stock versus the total return of an index of bank stocks from the grant date to the vesting date. The Company did not modify any market plus service condition vesting RSUs during 2022 or during the three months ended March 31, 2023 .

Note 12 - Non-interest Income and Expense

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest income for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
ATM and interchange fees	$	6,344	$	6,243
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,431		3,834
Other service fees	1,166		882
Mortgage banking service fees	465		463
Change in value of mortgage servicing rights	( 209 )		274
Total service charges and fees	11,197		11,696
Increase in cash value of life insurance	802		638
Asset management and commission income	934		887
Gain on sale of loans	206		1,246
Lease brokerage income	98		158
Sale of customer checks	288		104
Loss on sale of investment securities	( 164 )		—
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities	42		( 137 )
Other	232		504
Total other non-interest income	2,438		3,400
Total non-interest income	$	13,635	$	15,096

The components of non-interest expense were as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs	$	23,000	$	18,216
Incentive compensation	2,895		2,583
Benefits and other compensation costs	6,668		5,972
Total salaries and benefits expense	32,563		26,771
Occupancy	4,160		3,575
Data processing and software	4,032		3,513
Equipment	1,383		1,333
Intangible amortization	1,656		1,228
Advertising	759		637
ATM and POS network charges	1,709		1,375
Professional fees	1,589		876
Telecommunications	595		521
Regulatory assessments and insurance	792		720
Merger and acquisition expense	—		4,032
Postage	299		228
Operational (gain) losses	435		( 183 )
Courier service	339		414

Gain on disposal of fixed assets	—		( 1,078 )
Other miscellaneous expense	3,483		2,485
Total other non-interest expense	21,231		19,676
Total non-interest expense	$	53,794	$	46,447

Table of Contents

Note 13 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share represent income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustments to income that would result from assumed issuance. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs), and are determined using the treasury stock method. Earnings per share have been computed based on the following:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Net income	$	35,833	$	20,374
Average number of common shares outstanding	33,296		30,050
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock	142		152
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate diluted earnings per share	33,438		30,202
Options excluded from diluted earnings per share because of their antidilutive effect	—		—

Note 14 – Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet identified as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), such items, along with net income, are components of other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI).

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects are as follows:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities before reclassifications	$	34,540	$	( 111,302 )
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI:
Realized loss on debt securities	164		—



Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities after reclassifications	34,704		( 111,302 )
Tax effect	( 10,260 )		32,905
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of tax	24,444		( 78,397 )
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans before reclassifications	114		63
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI:
Amortization of prior service cost	—		( 7 )
Amortization of actuarial losses	( 114 )		2

Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	( 114 )		( 5 )
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans after reclassifications	—		58
Tax effect	—		—
Change in unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax	—		58
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications	—		—
Tax effect	—		—
Change in joint beneficiary agreement liability before reclassifications, net of tax	—		—
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	24,444	$	( 78,339 )

Table of Contents

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, included in shareholders’ equity, are as follows:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Net unrealized gain on available for sale securities	$	( 255,845 )	$	( 290,549 )
Tax effect	75,637		85,897
Unrealized holding gain on available for sale securities, net of tax	( 180,208 )		( 204,652 )
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans	13,901		13,901
Tax effect	( 4,110 )		( 4,110 )
Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans, net of tax	9,791		9,791
Joint beneficiary agreement liability	956		956
Tax effect	—		—
Joint beneficiary agreement liability, net of tax	956		956
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	( 169,461 )	$	( 193,905 )

Note 15 - Fair Value Measurement

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, income approach, and/or the cost approach. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset and the risk of nonperformance. Marketable equity securities, debt securities available-for-sale, loans held for sale, and mortgage servicing rights are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application impairment write-downs of individual assets.

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observable nature of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Marketable equity securities and debt securities available for sale - Marketable equity securities and debt securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. The Company had no securities classified as Level 3 during any of the periods covered in these financial statements.

Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is based on what secondary markets are currently offering for loans with similar characteristics. As such, we classify those loans subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 2.

Individually evaluated loans - Loans are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, certain loans have individual risk characteristics not consistent with a pool of loans and is individually evaluated for credit reserves. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement are typically individually evaluated. The fair value of these loans are estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, fair value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. Loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from

Table of Contents

comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3.

Foreclosed assets - Foreclosed assets include assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure. Foreclosed assets are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. When the fair value of foreclosed assets is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value which uses substantially observable data, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, or the appraised value contains a significant unobservable assumption, such as deviations from comparable sales, and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other non-interest expense.

Mortgage servicing rights - Mortgage servicing rights are carried at fair value. A valuation model, which utilizes a discounted cash flow analysis using a discount rate and prepayment speed assumptions is used in the computation of the fair value measurement. While the prepayment speed assumption is currently quoted for comparable instruments, the discount rate assumption currently requires a significant degree of management judgment and is therefore considered an unobservable input. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights subjected to recurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.

The table below presents the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


Fair value at March 31, 2023	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable equity securities	$	2,640	$	2,640
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	1,357,435				1,357,435
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	279,900				279,900
Corporate bonds	5,738				5,738
Asset backed securities	427,364				427,364
Non-agency mortgage backed securities	335,375				335,375
Loans held for sale	226				226
Mortgage servicing rights	6,553						6,553
Total assets measured at fair value	$	2,415,231	$	2,640	$	2,406,038	$	6,553


Fair value at December 31, 2022	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable equity securities	$	2,598	$	2,598	$	—	$	—
Debt securities available for sale:
Obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	1,372,769		—		1,372,769		—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	293,205		—		293,205		—
Corporate bonds	5,751		—		5,751		—
Asset backed securities	439,767		—		439,767		—
Non-agency mortgage backed securities	340,946				340,946
Loans held for sale	1,846		—		1,846		—
Mortgage servicing rights	6,712		—		—		6,712
Total assets measured at fair value	$	2,463,594	$	2,598	$	2,454,284	$	6,712

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally corresponds with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. There were no transfers between any levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table provides a reconciliation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the time periods indicated. Had there been any transfer into or out of Level 3 during the time periods indicated, the amount included in the “Transfers into (out of) Level 3” column would represent the beginning balance of an item in the period (interim quarter) during which it was transferred (in thousands):


Three months ended March 31,	Beginning Balance		Transfers into (out of) Level 3	Change Included in Earnings		Issuances		Ending Balance
2023: Mortgage servicing rights	$	6,712		$	( 209 )	$	50	$	6,553
2022: Mortgage servicing rights	$	5,874	—	$	274	$	257	$	6,405

Table of Contents

Three months ended March 31,

The key unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of mortgage servicing rights are mortgage prepayment speeds and the discount rate used to discount cash projected cash flows. Generally, any significant increases in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate utilized in the fair value measurement of the mortgage servicing rights will result in a negative fair value adjustments (and decrease in the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the mortgage prepayment speed and discount rate will result in a positive fair value adjustment (and increase in the fair value measurement).

The following table presents quantitative information about recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

As of March 31, 2023:

Fair Value
(in thousands)

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable
Inputs

Range,
Weighted
Average

Mortgage Servicing Rights

6,553

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate

121 % - 216 %; 130.0 %

Discount rate

10 % - 14 %; 12 %

As of December 31, 2022:

Mortgage Servicing Rights

6,712

Discounted cash flow

Constant prepayment rate

116 % - 226.0 %; 127.0 %

Discount rate

10 % - 14 %; 12 %

The tables below present the recorded investment in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, as of the dates indicated, that had a write-down or an additional allowance provided during the periods indicated (in thousands):


March 31, 2023	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Fair value:
Individually evaluated loans	$	1,223	—	—	$	1,223


December 31, 2022	Total		Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Fair value:
Individually evaluated loans	$	5,719	—	—	$	5,719
Foreclosed assets	311		—	—	311
Total assets measured at fair value	$	6,030	—	—	$	6,030

The tables below present the losses resulting from non-recurring fair value adjustments of assets and liabilities for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Individually evaluated loans	$	( 277 )	$	( 615 )
Foreclosed assets	—		( 294 )
Total losses from non-recurring measurements	$	( 277 )	$	( 909 )

The individually evaluated loan amounts above represent collateral dependent loans that have been adjusted to fair value. When the Company identifies a collateral dependent loan with unique risk characteristics, the Company evaluates the need for an allowance using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. Depending on the characteristics of a loan, the fair value of collateral is generally estimated by obtaining external appraisals. If the Company determines that the value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the Company recognizes this impairment and adjust the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the allowance for credit losses. The loss represents charge-offs or impairments on collateral dependent loans for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of collateral. The carrying value of loans fully charged-off is zero .

The foreclosed assets amount above represents impaired real estate that has been adjusted to fair value. Foreclosed assets represent real estate which the Company has taken control of in partial or full satisfaction of loans. At the time of foreclosure, other real estate owned is recorded at fair value less costs to sell, which becomes the property’s new basis. Any write-downs based on the asset’s fair value at the date of acquisition are charged to the allowance for credit losses. After foreclosure, management periodically performs valuations such that the real estate is carried at the lower of its new cost basis or fair value, net of estimated costs to sell. Fair value adjustments on other real estate owned are recognized within net loss on real estate owned. The loss represents impairments on real estate owned for fair value adjustments based on the fair value of the real estate.

Table of Contents

The Company’s property appraisals are primarily based on the sales comparison approach and income approach methodologies, which consider recent sales of comparable properties, including their income generating characteristics, and then make adjustments to reflect the general assumptions that a market participant would make when analyzing the property for purchase. These adjustments may increase or decrease an appraised value and can vary significantly depending on the location, physical characteristics and income producing potential of each property. Additionally, the quality and volume of market information available at the time of the appraisal can vary from period to period and cause significant changes to the nature and magnitude of comparable sale adjustments. Given these variations, comparable sale adjustments are generally not a reliable indicator for how fair value will increase or decrease from period to period. Under certain circumstances, management discounts are applied based on specific characteristics of an individual property.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at March 31, 2023:

March 31, 2023

Fair Value
(in thousands)

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range,
Weighted Average

Individually evaluated loans

1,223

Sales comparison
approach
Income approach

Adjustment for differences between
comparable sales;
Capitalization rate

Not meaningful
N/A

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2022:

December 31, 2022

Fair Value
(in thousands)

Valuation
Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range,
Weighted Average

Individually evaluated loans

5,719

Sales comparison
approach
Income approach

Adjustment for differences between
comparable sales;
Capitalization rate

Not meaningful
N/A

Foreclosed assets (Residential real estate)

311

Sales comparison
approach

Adjustment for differences between
comparable sales

Not meaningful
N/A

Fair values for financial instruments are management’s estimates of the values at which the instruments could be exchanged in a transaction between willing parties. The Company uses the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments. These estimates are subjective and may vary significantly from amounts that would be realized in actual transactions. In addition, other significant assets are not considered financial assets including, any mortgage banking operations, deferred tax assets, and premises and equipment. Further, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on the fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Level 1 inputs:
Cash and due from banks	$	77,933	$	77,933	$	96,323	$	96,323
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks	32,402		32,402		10,907		10,907
Level 2 inputs:
Securities held to maturity	152,067		142,135		160,983		149,938
Restricted equity securities	17,250		N/A		17,250		N/A

Level 3 inputs:
Loans, net	6,314,014		6,073,450		6,344,767		6,153,155
Financial liabilities:
Level 2 inputs:
Deposits	8,025,865		8,018,642		8,329,013		8,321,517
Other borrowings	434,140		434,140		264,605		264,605
Level 3 inputs:
Junior subordinated debt	101,051		94,442		101,040		92,613

Table of Contents


(in thousands)	Contract Amount		Fair Value		Contract Amount		Fair Value
Off-balance sheet:
Level 3 inputs:
Commitments	$	2,258,744	$	22,587	$	2,188,560	$	21,886
Standby letters of credit	24,070		241		26,599		266
Overdraft privilege commitments	129,147		1,291		126,634		1,266

Note 16 - Regulatory Matters

The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1, and common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. The following tables present actual and required capital ratios as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 for the Company and the Bank under applicable Basel III Capital Rules. The minimum capital amounts presented include the minimum required capital levels as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 based on the then phased-in provisions of the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.


	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes				Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
As of March 31, 2023:	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	1,134,613	14.50	%	$	821,668	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,127,852	14.42	%	$	821,470	10.50	%	$	782,352	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	994,155	12.70	%	$	665,160	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,029,875	13.16	%	$	665,000	8.50	%	$	625,882	8.00	%
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	937,300	11.98	%	$	547,779	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,029,875	13.16	%	$	547,647	7.00	%	$	508,529	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
Consolidated	$	994,155	10.20	%	$	393,017	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,029,875	10.57	%	$	392,873	4.00	%	$	491,091	5.00	%

Table of Contents


	Actual				Required for Capital Adequacy Purposes			Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
As of December 31, 2022:	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	1,115,257	14.19	%		$	825,234	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,107,941	14.10	%		$	825,039	10.50	%	$	785,751	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	974,325	12.40	%		$	668,047	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,009,577	12.85	%		$	667,888	8.50	%	$	628,601	8.00	%
Common equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets):
Consolidated	$	917,565	11.67	%		$	550,156	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,009,577	12.85	%		$	550,026	7.00	%	$	510,738	6.50	%
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets):
Consolidated	$	974,325	10.14	%		$	384,337	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tri Counties Bank	$	1,009,577	10.51	%		$	384,146	4.00	%	$	480,183	5.00	%

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, capital levels at the Company and the Bank exceed all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules. Also, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank’s capital levels exceeded the minimum amounts necessary to be considered well capitalized under the current regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.

The Basel III Capital Rules require for all banking organizations to maintain a capital conservation buffer above the minimum risk-based capital requirements in order to avoid certain limitations on capital distributions, stock repurchases and discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The capital conservation buffer is exclusively composed of common equity tier 1 capital, and it applies to each of the risk-based capital ratios but not the leverage ratio. At March 31, 2023, the Company and the Bank are in compliance with the capital conservation buffer requirement.

Table of Contents

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information

The statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. Such statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be the same as those anticipated by management. We caution readers that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations; the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations impacts on the Company's business condition and financial operating results; the impact of changes in financial services industry policies, laws and regulations; regulatory restrictions on our ability to successfully market and price our products to consumers; technological changes; weather, natural disasters and other catastrophic events that may or may not be caused by climate change and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates; the continuing adverse impact on the U.S. economy, including the markets in which we operate due to the lingering effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic; the impact of a slowing U.S. economy and potentially increased unemployment on the performance of our loan portfolio, the market value of our investment securities, the availability of, and cost of, sources of funding and the demand for our products; adverse developments with respect to U.S. or global economic conditions and other uncertainties, including the impact of supply chain disruptions, commodities prices, inflationary pressures and labor shortages on the economic recovery and our business; the impacts of international hostilities, terrorism or geopolitical events; the quality and quantity of our deposits; adverse developments in the financial services industry generally such as the recent bank failures and any related impact on depositor behavior or investor sentiment; risks related to the sufficiency of liquidity; the possibility that our recorded goodwill could become impaired, which may have an adverse impact on our earnings and capital; the costs or effects of mergers, acquisitions or dispositions we may make, as well as whether we are able to obtain any required governmental approvals in connection with any such mergers, acquisitions or dispositions, or identify and complete favorable transactions in the future, and/or realize the contemplated financial business benefits associated with any such activities; the regulatory and financial impacts associated with exceeding $10 billion in total assets; the negative impact on our reputation and profitability in the event customers experience economic harm or in the event that regulatory violations are identified; the ability to execute our business plan in new lending markets; the future operating or financial performance of the Company, including our outlook for future growth and changes in the level and direction of our nonperforming assets and charge-offs; the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, including the timing and effects of the implementation of the current expected credit losses model; any deterioration in values of California real estate, both residential and commercial; the effectiveness of the Company's asset management activities in improving, resolving or liquidating lower-quality assets; the effect of changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers; changes in accounting standards and practices; possible other-than-temporary impairment of securities held by us due to changes in credit quality or rates; changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; our ability to attract and maintain deposits and other sources of liquidity; the effects of changes in the level or cost of checking or savings account deposits on our funding costs and net interest margin; our noninterest expense and the efficiency ratio; competition and innovation with respect to financial products and services by banks, financial institutions and non-traditional providers including retail businesses and technology companies; the challenges of attracting, integrating and retaining key employees; the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation; the vulnerability of the Company's operational or security systems or infrastructure, the systems of third-party vendors or other service providers with whom the Company contracts, and the Company's customers to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes, spam attacks, human error, natural disasters, power loss and data/security breaches and the cost to defend against and respond to such incidents; increased data security risks due to work from home arrangements and email vulnerability; failure to safeguard personal information; changes to U.S. tax policies, including our effective income tax rate; the effect of a fall in stock market prices on our brokerage and wealth management businesses; the transition away from the London Interbank Offered Rate toward new interest rate benchmarks; and our ability to manage the risks involved in the foregoing. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described above can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and all subsequent filings with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934, as amended. Such filings are also available in the “Investor Relations” section of our website, https://www.tcbk.com/investor-relations and in other documents we file with the SEC. Annualized, pro forma, projections and estimates are not forecasts and may not reflect actual results. We undertake no obligation (and expressly disclaim any such obligation) to update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

General

As TriCo Bancshares (referred to in this report as “we”, “our” or the “Company”) has not commenced any business operations independent of Tri Counties Bank (the “Bank”), the following discussion pertains primarily to the Bank. Average balances, including such balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances for the Company. Within Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, interest income, net interest income, and net interest yield are generally presented on a FTE basis. The Company believes the use of these non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measures provides additional clarity in assessing its results, and the presentation of these measures on a FTE basis is a common practice within the banking industry. Interest income and net interest income are shown on a non-FTE basis in the Part I - Financial Information section of this Form 10-Q, and a reconciliation of the FTE and non-FTE presentations is provided below in the discussion of net interest income.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of

Table of Contents

America. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those that materially affect the financial statements and are related to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, investments, mortgage servicing rights, fair value measurements, retirement plans and intangible assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A detailed discussion related to the Company’s accounting policies including those related to estimates on the allowance for credit losses related to loans and investment securities, and impairment of intangible assets, can be found in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Geographical Descriptions

Financial Highlights

Performance highlights and other developments for the Company as of or for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included the following:

• For the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s return on average assets was 1.47%, while the return on average equity was 13.36%.

• Net income was $35.8 million compared to $36.3 million in the trailing quarter, and compared to $20.4 million in the same quarter of the prior year; Pre-tax pre-provision net revenue was $53.2 million compared to $55.3 million in the trailing quarter, and compared to $36.6 million in the same quarter of the prior year.

• Deposit balances for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, decreased by $303.1 million as compared to December 31, 2022. The deposit contraction during the quarter resulted in the loan to deposit ratio increasing to 80.0% as of March 31, 2023, as compared to 77.4% as of the trailing quarter. The Bank did not utilize brokered deposits or FRB borrowing facilities during the 2022 or 2023 periods.

• The efficiency ratio was 50.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 51.8% for the trailing quarter.

• The provision for credit losses for loans and debt securities was approximately $4.2 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as compared to a provision for credit losses of $4.2 million during the trailing quarter ended December 31, 2022, and a provision for credit losses of $8.3 million for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022.

• The allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.69% as of March 31, 2023, compared to 1.64% as of the trailing quarter end, and 1.64% as of March 31, 2022. Non-performing assets to total assets were 0.20% at March 31, 2023, as compared to 0.25% as of December 31, 2022, and 0.17% at March 31, 2022.

• Average yields on earning assets were 4.64%, an increase of 12 basis points over the 4.52% in the trailing quarter and an increase of 118 basis points over March 31, 2022; net interest margin was 4.21%, a change of 13 basis points from 4.34% in the trailing quarter and a change of 82 basis points from 3.39% as of quarter ended March 31, 2022.

• Balance sheet flexibility anchored in readily accessible sources of liquidity including undrawn borrowing capacities, on-balance sheet cash and unpledged investment securities totaling in excess of $4.4 billion

Table of Contents

TRICO BANCSHARES

Financial Summary

(In thousands, except per share amounts; unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
		2023			2022
Net interest income		$	93,336		$	67,924
Provision for credit losses		(4,195)			(8,330)
Non-interest income		13,635			15,096
Non-interest expense		(53,794)			(46,447)
Provision for income taxes		(13,149)			(7,869)
Net income		$	35,833		$	20,374
Per Share Data:
Basic earnings per share		$	1.08		$	0.68
Diluted earnings per share		$	1.07		$	0.67
Dividends paid		$	0.30		$	0.25
Book value at period end		$	32.84		$	32.78
Average common shares outstanding		33,296			30,050
Average diluted common shares outstanding		33,438			30,202
Shares outstanding at period end		33,195			33,838
At period end:
Loans		$	6,422,421		$	5,851,975
Total investment securities		$	2,577,769		$	2,569,706
Total assets		$	9,842,394		$	10,118,328
Total deposits		$	8,025,865		$	8,714,477
Other borrowings		$	434,140		$	36,184
Shareholders’ equity		$	1,090,245		$	1,109,182
Financial Ratios:
During the period:
Return on average assets (annualized)		1.47		%	0.94		%
Return on average equity (annualized)		13.36		%	8.19		%
Net interest margin (1) (annualized)		4.21		%	3.39		%
Efficiency ratio		50.29		%	55.95		%
Average equity to average assets		11.00		%	11.50		%
At end of period:
Equity to assets		11.08		%	10.96		%
Total capital to risk-adjusted assets		14.50		%	14.96		%

(1) Fully Taxable Equivalent (FTE)

The Company announced net income of $35.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, compared to $36.3 million during the trailing quarter ended December 31, 2022, and $20.4 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Diluted earnings per share were $1.07 for the first quarter of 2023, compared to $1.09 for the fourth quarter of 2022 and $0.67 during the first quarter of 2022..

Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is designed to provide a better understanding of the significant changes and trends related to the Company and the Bank’s financial condition, operating results, asset and liability management, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and the Notes thereto located at Item 1 of this report.

Table of Contents

Net Interest Income

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, or the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Following is a summary of the components of FTE net income for the periods indicated


	Three months ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2023			March 31, 2022			Change			% Change
Interest income	$	102,907		$	69,195		$	33,712		48.7	%
Interest expense	(9,571)			(1,271)			(8,300)			653.0	%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment (FTE) (1)	392			283			109			38.5	%
Net interest income (FTE)	$	93,728		$	68,207		$	25,521		37.4	%
Net interest margin (FTE)	4.21		%	3.39		%

Acquired loans discount accretion, net:
Amount (included in interest income)	$	1,397		$	1,323		$	74		5.6	%
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion (1)	4.15		%	3.32		%	0.83		%

PPP loans yield, net:
Amount (included in interest income)	$	5		$	1,097		$	(1,092)		(99.5)	%
Net interest margin less effect of PPP loan yield (1)	4.21		%	3.36		%	0.85		%

Acquired loans discount accretion and PPP loan yield, net: (1)
Amount (included in interest income)	$	1,402		$	2,420		$	(1,018)		(42.1)	%
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion and PPP loan yield (1)	4.15		%	3.29		%	0.86		%

(1) Certain information included herein is presented on a FTE basis and/or to present additional financial details which may be desired by users of this financial information. The Company believes the use of this non-generally accepted accounting principles (non-GAAP) measure provides additional clarity in assessing its results, and the presentation of these measures is a common practice within the banking industry.

Loans may be acquired at a premium or discount to par value, in which case, the premium is amortized (subtracted from) or the discount is accreted (added to) interest income over the remaining life of the loan. Generally, as time goes on, the dollar impact of loan discount accretion and loan premium amortization decrease as the purchased loans mature or pay off early. Upon the early pay off of a loan, any remaining unaccreted discount or unamortized premium is immediately taken into interest income; and as loan payoffs may vary significantly from quarter to quarter, so may the impact of discount accretion and premium amortization on interest income. The prepayment speed of portfolio loans, inclusive of those acquired at a premium or discount, is heavily influenced by the rate of change in interest rates. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, purchased loan discount accretion was $1.4 million, $1.8 million, and $1.3 million, respectively.

Table of Contents

Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential

The following table presents, for the three month periods indicated, information regarding the Company’s consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and resulting yields, and the amount of interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. Interest income includes proceeds from loans on nonaccrual loans only to the extent cash payments have been received and applied to interest income. Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to reflect the effect of income thereon exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate (dollars in thousands).


	For the three months ended
	March 31, 2023						March 31, 2022
	Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Rates Earned /Paid		Average Balance		Interest Income/ Expense		Rates Earned /Paid
Assets:
Loans, excluding PPP	$	6,412,386	$	82,410	5.21	%	$	4,937,865	$	56,648	4.65	%
PPP loans	1,572		5		1.29	%	50,695		1,097		8.78	%
Investment securities - taxable	2,398,235		18,916		3.20	%	2,313,204		10,223		1.79	%
Investment securities - nontaxable (1)	189,050		1,699		3.64	%	143,873		1,225		3.45	%
Total investments	2,587,285		20,615		3.23	%	2,457,077		11,448		1.89	%
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks	26,818		269		4.07	%	707,563		285		0.16	%
Total interest-earning assets	9,028,061		103,299		4.64	%	8,153,200		69,478		3.46	%
Other assets	850,866						625,056
Total assets	$	9,878,927					$	8,778,256
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	1,673,114	$	387	0.09	%	$	1,597,309	$	84	0.02	%
Savings deposits	2,898,463		4,154		0.58	%	2,571,023		327		0.05	%
Time deposits	274,805		604		0.89	%	301,499		268		0.36	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	4,846,382		5,145		0.43	%	4,469,831		679		0.06	%
Other borrowings	277,632		2,809		4.10	%	44,731		5		0.05	%
Junior subordinated debt	101,044		1,617		6.49	%	60,971		587		3.90	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	5,225,058		9,571		0.74	%	4,575,533		1,271		0.11	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits	3,372,194						3,052,099
Other liabilities	194,202						141,400
Shareholders’ equity	1,087,473						1,009,224
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	9,878,927					$	8,778,256
Net interest spread (2)					3.90	%					3.35	%
Net interest income and interest margin (3)			$	93,728	4.21	%			$	68,207	3.39	%

(1) Fully taxable equivalent (FTE). All yields and rates are calculated using specific day counts for the period and year as applicable.

(2) Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and interest expense, divided by the average balance of i nterest-earning assets, then annualized based on the number of days in the given period .

Net interest income (FTE) during the three months ended March 31, 2023, decreased $5.6 million or 5.6% to $93.7 million compared to $99.3 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022. In addition, net interest margin declined 13 basis points to 4.21%, compared to the trailing quarter. The decrease in net interest income is primarily attributed to an additional $3.0 million in deposit interest expense and $2.4 million in additional interest expense on other borrowings, both due to increases in interest rates as compared to the trailing quarter, respectively. Total interest income was effectively unchanged as compared to the trailing quarter, down $0.1 million or 0.1%.

As compared to the same quarter in the prior year, average loan yields, excluding PPP, increased 56 basis points from 4.65% during the three months ended March 31, 2022, to 5.21% during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The accretion of discounts from acquired loans added 9 and 7 basis points to loan yields during the quarters ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. The rates paid on interest bearing deposits increased by 25 basis points during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, compared to the trailing quarter. The cost of interest-bearing deposits increased by 37 basis points between the quarter ended March 31, 2023, and the same quarter of the prior year. In addition, the level of noninterest-bearing deposits decreased by $290.3 million quarter over quarter but remains $320.1 million above quarter ended March 31, 2022. As of March 31, 2023, the ratio of average total noninterest-bearing deposits to total average deposits was 41.0%, as compared to 42.9% and 40.6% at December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset and Liability Balances and Yields Earned and Rates Paid

The following table sets forth, for the period identified, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense from changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and changes in average interest rates for the periods indicated. Changes not solely attributable to volume or rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and rate components.


	Three months ended March 31, 2023 compared with three months ended March 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Volume		Rate		Total
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans, including PPP	$	16,063	$	8,607	$	24,670
Investment securities	771		8,396		9,167
Cash at Federal Reserve and other banks	(272)		256		(16)
Total interest-earning assets	16,562		17,259		33,821
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	4		299		303
Savings deposits	41		3,786		3,827
Time deposits	(24)		360		336
Other borrowings	29		2,775		2,804
Junior subordinated debt	391		639		1,030
Total interest-bearing liabilities	441		7,859		8,300
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	16,121	$	9,400	$	25,521

The following commentary regarding net interest income, interest income and interest expense may be best understood while referencing the Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential and the Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset and Liability Balances and Yields Earned and Rates Paid shown above.

Net interest income (FTE) during the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased $25.5 million to $93.7 million compared to $68.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The overall increase in net interest income (FTE) was due to increases in both average investment and loan balances, which resulted in improvements totaling $0.8 million and $16.1 million, respectively, and higher yields further improving those earnings by $8.4 million and $8.6 million, respectively. Increasing interest rates boosted interest expenses on on interest-bearing liabilities, most significantly deposits and other borrowings, resulting in a net increase of $3.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively.

Asset Quality and Credit Loss Provisioning

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $4.2 million, as compared to $4.2 million during the trailing quarter, and $8.3 million during the first quarter of 2022.

The following table presents details of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Addition to (reversal of) allowance for credit losses	$	4,315	$	4,300	$	8,205
Addition to (reversal of) reserve for unfunded loan commitments	(120)		(55)		125
Total provision for (reversal of) credit losses	$	4,195	$	4,245	$	8,330

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) was $108.4 million as of March 31, 2023, a net increase of $2.7 million over the immediately preceding quarter. The addition to the allowance for credit losses of $4.3 million during the quarter was the net effect of changes in required reserves due to qualitative factors, individually analyzed credits and quantitative reserves under the cohort model. On a comparative basis, the provision for credit losses of $8.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was largely the result of day 1 required reserves from loans acquired in connection with the Valley Republic Bank merger in the same period. For the current quarter, the qualitative components of the ACL resulted in a net increase in required reserves totaling approximately $4.7 million due to increased uncertainty in US economic policy, and the ramifications on local and statewide unemployment rates. Meanwhile, the quantitative component of the ACL decreased reserve requirements by approximately $1.9 million over the trailing quarter due to a decline in needed specific reserves on loans.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	105,680	$	85,376
ACL at acquisition for PCD loans	—		2,037
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses	4,315		8,205
Loans charged-off	(1,758)		(743)
Recoveries of previously charged-off loans	170		1,174
Balance, end of period	$	108,407	$	96,049

Loans past due 30 days or more increased by $2.9 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 to $7.9 million, as compared to $4.9 million at December 31, 2022 but decreased by $0.5 million compared to the March 31, 2022 past due balance of $8.4 million. Non-performing loans were $16.0 million at March 31, 2023, a decrease of $5.3 million from $21.3 million as of December 31, 2022, and a decrease of $1.9 million from $14.1 million as of March 31, 2022. Of the $16.0 million loans designated as non-performing, approximately $10.2 million are less than 30 days past due as of March 31, 2023.

The following table illustrates the total loans by risk rating and their respective percentage of total loans for the periods presented.


	March 31,			% of Loans Outstanding		December 31,			% of Loans Outstanding		March 31,			% of Loans Outstanding
(dollars in thousands)	2023					2022					2022
Risk Rating:
Pass	$	6,232,962		97.1	%	$	6,251,945		96.9	%	$	5,682,026		97.1	%
Special Mention	125,492			2.0	%	127,000			2.0	%	120,684			2.1	%
Substandard	63,967			1.0	%	71,502			1.1	%	49,265			0.8	%
Total	$	6,422,421				$	6,450,447				$	5,851,975

Classified loans to total loans	1.00		%			1.11		%			0.84		%
Loans past due 30+ days to total loans	0.12		%			0.08		%			0.14		%

The ratio of classified loans decreased to 1.00% as of March 31, 2023 as compared to 1.11% in the trailing quarter, but increased by 16 basis points from the equivalent period in 2022. The Company's criticized loan balances decreased during the current quarter by $9.0 million to $189.5 million as of March 31, 2023.

There were no changes to Other Real Estate Owned balances during the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, 2023, other real estate owned consisted of nine properties with a carrying value of approximately $3.4 million.

Non-performing assets of $19.5 million at March 31, 2023 represented 0.20% of total assets, generally in line with the $24.8 million or 0.25% and $17.0 million or 0.17% as of December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Table of Contents

Non-interest Income

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
ATM and interchange fees	$	6,344	$	6,243	$	101	1.6	%
Service charges on deposit accounts	3,431		3,834		(403)		(10.5)	%
Other service fees	1,166		882		284		32.2	%
Mortgage banking service fees	465		463		2		0.4	%
Change in value of mortgage servicing rights	(209)		274		(483)		(176.3)	%
Total service charges and fees	11,197		11,696		(499)		(4.3)	%
Increase in cash value of life insurance	802		638		164		25.7	%
Asset management and commission income	934		887		47		5.3	%
Gain on sale of loans	206		1,246		(1,040)		(83.5)	%
Lease brokerage income	98		158		(60)		(38.0)	%
Sale of customer checks	288		104		184		176.9	%
Gain on sale of investment securities	(164)		—		(164)		n/m
Gain on marketable equity securities	42		(137)		179		(130.7)	%
Other	232		504		(272)		(54.0)	%
Total other non-interest income	2,438		3,400		(962)		(28.3)	%
Total non-interest income	$	13,635	$	15,096	$	(1,461)	(9.7)	%

Non-interest income decreased $1.5 million or 9.7% to $13.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $15.1 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Total service charges and fees declined by $0.5 million or 4.3% during the period, of which $0.9 million is due to waived or reversed fees related to the network outage disclosed in the Company's 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023. In addition, the declining mortgage related activity resulting from elevated interest rates reduced income recorded from the sale of loans by $1.0 million or 83.5%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

Non-interest Expense

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-interest expense for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change		% Change
Base salaries, net of deferred loan origination costs	$	23,000	$	18,216	$	4,784	26.3	%
Incentive compensation	2,895		2,583		312		12.1	%
Benefits and other compensation costs	6,668		5,972		696		11.7	%
Total salaries and benefits expense	32,563		26,771		5,792		21.6	%
Occupancy	4,160		3,575		585		16.4	%
Data processing and software	4,032		3,513		519		14.8	%
Equipment	1,383		1,333		50		3.8	%
Intangible amortization	1,656		1,228		428		34.9	%
Advertising	759		637		122		19.2	%
ATM and POS network charges	1,709		1,375		334		24.3	%
Professional fees	1,589		876		713		81.4	%
Telecommunications	595		521		74		14.2	%
Regulatory assessments and insurance	792		720		72		10.0	%
Merger and acquisition expense	—		4,032		(4,032)		(100.0)	%
Postage	299		228		71		31.1	%
Operational losses (gain)	435		(183)		618		(337.7)	%
Courier service	339		414		(75)		(18.1)	%

Loss on disposal of fixed assets	—		(1,078)		1,078		(100.0)	%
Other miscellaneous expense	3,483		2,485		998		40.2	%
Total other non-interest expense	21,231		19,676		1,555		7.9	%
Total non-interest expense	$	53,794	$	46,447	$	7,347	15.8	%
Average full time equivalent staff	1,219		1,084		135		12.5	%

Generally, the increases in recurring non-interest expense items reflect the VRB merger closing on March 25, 2022, and therefore, related expenses for the combined entities, less certain realized cost savings, are largely only being captured within the most recent three months ended March 31, 2023. Total non-interest expense increased $7.3 million or 15.8% to $53.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $46.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Total salaries and benefits expense increased by $5.8 million or 21.6% to $32.6 million, largely from a net increase of 135 full-time equivalent positions, 99 of which resulted from the aforementioned merger with VRB. Professional fees increased by $0.7 million which was directly associated with the cybersecurity incident disclosed in the Company's 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023. While management has accrued for costs incurred through the balance sheet date that are probable and reasonably estimable, additional expenses will be incurred in future periods as management works to complete its investigation of the incident. See also "Part II - Other Information - Item 1A — Risk Factors beginning on page 57.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 26.8% for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 27.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Differences between the Company's effective tax rate and applicable federal and state blended statutory rate of approximately 29.6% are due to the proportion of non-taxable revenues, non-deductible expenses, and benefits from tax credits as compared to the levels of pre-tax earnings.

Financial Condition

For financial reporting purposes, the Company does not separately track the changes in assets and liabilities based on branch location or regional geography. The following is a comparison of the quarterly change in certain assets and liabilities:

Table of Contents


Ending balances	March 31,		December 31,				Annualized % Change
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Total assets	$	9,842,394	$	9,930,986	$	(88,592)	(3.6)	%
Total loans	6,422,421		6,450,447		(28,026)		(1.7)
Total investments	2,577,769		2,633,269		(55,500)		(8.4)
Total deposits	8,025,865		8,329,013		(303,148)		(14.6)
Other borrowings	434,140		264,605		169,535		256.3

Loans outstanding declined by $28.0 million or 1.7% on an annualized basis during the quarter ended March 31, 2023. During the quarter, loan originations/draws totaled approximately $357.0 million while payoffs/repayments of loans totaled $389.0 million, which compares to originations/draws and payoffs/repayments during the trailing quarter ended of $470.0 million and $343.0 million, respectively. While management believes the loan pipeline remains sufficient to support the Company's objectives, origination activity continues to moderate due to customer sensitivity from the rising interest rate environment and the Company's continued focus on disciplined underwriting. Investment security balances decreased $55.5 million or 8.4% on an annualized basis as the result of prepayments/maturities totaling approximating $65.8 million and proceeds from sale of $24.2 million, partially offset by increases in the market value of securities of $34.6 million. Management seeks to utilize excess cash flows from the investment security portfolio to support loan growth or reduce borrowings thus resulting in an improved mix of earning assets. Deposit balances decreased by $303.1 million or 14.6% annualized during the period. Cash flow needs were supported by net increases in short-term FHLB advances which totaled $434.1 million as of the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

The following is a comparison of the year over year change in certain assets and liabilities:


Ending balances	As of March 31,						% Change
(dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		$ Change
Total assets	$	9,842,394	$	10,118,328	$	(275,934)	(2.7)	%
Total loans	6,422,421		5,851,975		570,446		9.7
Total loans, excluding PPP	6,420,903		5,795,370		625,533		10.8
Total investments	2,577,769		2,569,706		8,063		0.3
Total deposits	8,025,865		8,714,477		(688,612)		(7.9)
Total other borrowings	434,140		36,184		397,956		1,099.8

Non-PPP loan balances increased as a result of organic activities by approximately $625.5 million or 10.8% during the twelve-month period ending March 31, 2023. Over the same period deposit balances have declined by $688.6 million or 7.9%. The Company has offset these declines through the deployment of excess cash balances and proceeds from short-term FHLB borrowings. As of March 31, 2023, short-term borrowings from the FHLB totaled $394.1 million and had an interest rate of 5.11%.

Investment Securities

Investment securities available for sale decreased $46.6 million to $2.4 billion as of March 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022. The decrease is attributed to $56.9 million in calls and principal repayments, partially offset by $34.7 million in market value appreciation. In addition, proceeds from the sale of investment securities totaled $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, resulting in gross realized losses of $0.16 million. There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following table presents the available for sale debt securities portfolio by major type as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Fair Value		%		Fair Value		%
Debt securities available for sale :
Obligations of U.S. government agencies	$	1,357,435	56.4	%	$	1,372,769	56.0	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	279,900		11.6	%	293,205		12.0	%
Corporate bonds	5,738		0.3	%	5,751		0.2	%
Asset backed securities	427,364		17.8	%	439,767		17.9	%
Non-agency mortgage backed	335,375		13.9	%	340,946		13.9	%
Total debt securities available for sale	$	2,405,812	100.0	%	$	2,452,438	100.0	%

Table of Contents


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		%		Amortized Cost		%
Debt securities held to maturity :
Obligations of U.S. government and agencies	$	148,700	97.8	%	$	154,830	96.2	%
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	3,367		2.2	%	6,153		3.8	%
Total debt securities held to maturity	$	152,067	100.0	%	$	160,983	100.0	%

Investment securities held to maturity decreased $8.9 million to $152.1 million as of March 31, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022. This decrease is attributable to calls and principal repayments of $8.8 million, and amortization of net purchase premiums of $0.1 million.

Loans

The Company focuses its primary lending activities in six principal areas: commercial real estate loans, consumer loans, commercial and industrial loans, construction loans, agriculture production loans and leases. The interest rates charged for the loans made by the Company vary with the degree of risk, the size and duration of the loans, the borrower’s relationship with the Company and prevailing money market rates indicative of the Company’s cost of funds.

The majority of the Company’s loans are direct loans made to individuals, and local or regional businesses which service a variety of industries. The Company relies substantially on local promotional activity and personal contacts by bank officers, directors and employees to compete with other financial institutions. The Company makes loans to borrowers whose applications include a sound purpose, a viable repayment source and a plan of repayment established at inception and generally backed by a secondary source of repayment.

The following table shows the Company’s loan balances, net deferred loan costs and discounts, as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
Commercial real estate	$	4,353,959	67.8	%	$	4,359,083	67.6	%
Consumer	1,233,797		19.2	%	1,240,743		19.2	%
Commercial and industrial	553,098		8.6	%	569,921		8.8	%
Construction	225,996		3.5	%	211,560		3.3	%
Agriculture production	47,062		0.7	%	61,414		1.0	%
Leases	8,509		0.1	%	7,726		0.1	%
Total loans	$	6,422,421	100.0	%	$	6,450,447	100.0	%

Nonperforming Assets

The following tables set forth the amount of the Company’s NPAs as of the dates indicated. “Performing nonaccrual loans” are loans that may be current for both principal and interest payments, or are less than 90 days past due, but for which payment in full of both principal and interest is not expected, and are not well secured and in the process of collection:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Performing nonaccrual loans	$	13,840		$	19,543
Nonperforming nonaccrual loans	1,996			1,770
Total nonaccrual loans	15,836			21,313
Loans 90 days past due and still accruing	189			8
Total nonperforming loans	16,025			21,321
Foreclosed assets	3,439			3,439
Total nonperforming assets	$	19,464		$	24,760
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.20		%	0.25		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans	0.25		%	0.33		%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans	676		%	516		%

Table of Contents

Changes in nonperforming assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023


(in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2022		New NPA / Valuation Adjustments	Pay-downs /Sales /Upgrades	Charge-offs/ (1) Write-downs	Transfers to Foreclosed Assets	Balance at March 31, 2023
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	$	1,739	—	(68)	—	—	$	1,671
CRE owner occupied	4,938		97	(1,187)	—	—	3,848
Multifamily	125		—	(8)	—	—	117
Farmland	1,772		—	(1,401)	—	—	371
Total commercial real estate loans	8,574		97	(2,664)	—	—	6,007
Consumer
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	4,220		406	(1,095)	—	—	3,531
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	3,155		427	(166)	(43)	—	3,373
Other	76		110	(2)	(45)	—	139
Total consumer loans	7,451		943	(1,263)	(88)	—	7,043
Commercial and industrial	3,526		292	(683)	(1,574)	—	1,561
Construction	491		—	(34)	—	—	457
Agriculture production	1,279		—	(322)	—	—	957
Leases	—		—	—	—	—	—
Total nonperforming loans	21,321		1,332	(4,966)	(1,662)	—	16,025
Foreclosed assets	3,439		—	—	—	—	3,439
Total nonperforming assets	$	24,760	1,332	(4,966)	(1,662)	—	$	19,464

(1) The table above does not include deposit overdraft charge-offs.

Nonperforming assets decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 by $5.3 million or 21.4% to $19.5 million compared to $24.8 million at December 31, 2022. The decrease in nonperforming assets during the first quarter of 2023 was primarily the result of nonperforming loan pay-downs/upgrades, which totaled $5.0 million during the quarter and charge-offs of $1.7 million. The nonperforming loans added during the period totaled $1.3 million. Management is actively engaged in the collection and recovery efforts for all nonperforming assets and believes that the loan loss reserves associated with these loans is sufficient as of March 31, 2023.

Loan charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2023

In the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded $1.7 million in loan charge-offs and $0.01 million in deposit overdraft charge-offs less $0.1 million in loan recoveries and $0.1 million in deposit overdraft recoveries, which collectively resulted in $1.6 million in net charge-offs.

(in thousands)

The Components of the Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans

The following table sets forth the allowance for credit losses for loans as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022			March 31, 2022
Allowance for credit losses:
Qualitative and forecast factor allowance	$	75,467		$	70,777		$	64,334
Cohort model allowance reserves	32,054			32,489			30,880
Allowance for individually evaluated loans	886			2,414			835

Total allowance for credit losses	$	108,407		$	105,680		$	96,049
Allowance for credit losses for loans / total loans	1.69		%	1.64		%	1.64		%

For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, including changes in specific, formula, and environmental factors allowance categories, see “Asset Quality and Loan Loss Provisioning” at “Results of Operations” , above. Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio, management believes that the $108.4 million allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2023 is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, that adverse economic conditions or other circumstances will not result in increased losses in the portfolio.

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses between loan types and by percentage of the total allowance for credit losses on loans as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022			March 31, 2022
Commercial real estate	$	64,937	59.9	%	61,381	58.1	%	$	54,992	57.3	%
Consumer	24,896		23.0	%	24,639	23.3	%	23,852		24.8	%
Commercial and industrial	12,069		11.1	%	13,597	12.9	%	8,869		9.2	%
Construction	5,655		5.2	%	5,142	4.8	%	7,437		7.7	%
Agriculture production	833		0.7	%	906	0.8	%	883		0.9	%
Leases	17		0.1	%	15	0.1	%	16		0.1	%
Total allowance for credit losses	$	108,407	100.0	%	105,680	100.0	%	$	96,049	100.0	%

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of the total loans for each loan category as of the dates indicated:


(in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Commercial real estate	1.49	%	1.41	%		1.43	%
Consumer	2.02	%	1.99	%		2.10	%
Commercial and industrial	2.18	%	2.39	%		1.77	%
Construction	2.50	%	2.43	%		2.45	%
Agriculture production	1.77	%	1.48	%		1.27	%
Leases	0.20	%	0.19	%		0.20	%
Total loans	1.69	%	1.64	%		1.64	%

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated:


	Three months ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2023			2022
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance at beginning of period	$	105,680		$	85,376
ACL on PCD loans	—			2,037
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses	4,315			8,205
Loans charged-off:
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	—			—
CRE owner occupied	—			—
Multifamily	—			—
Farmland	—			(294)
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	—			—
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	(42)			—
Other	(142)			(119)
Commercial and industrial	(1,574)			(330)
Construction	—			—
Agriculture production	—			—
Leases	—			—
Total loans charged-off	(1,758)			(743)
Recoveries of previously charged-off loans:
Commercial real estate:
CRE non-owner occupied	—			—
CRE owner occupied	—			—
Multifamily	—			—
Farmland	—			—
Consumer:
SFR 1-4 1st DT liens	—			40
SFR HELOCs and junior liens	65			175
Other	51			71
Commercial and industrial	53			887
Construction	—			—
Agriculture production	1			1
Leases	—			—
Total recoveries of previously charged-off loans	170			1,174
Net recoveries	(1,588)			431
Balance at end of period	$	108,407		$	96,049
Average total loans	$	6,413,958		$	4,988,560
Ratios (annualized):
Net (charge-offs) recoveries during period to average loans outstanding during period	(0.10)		%	0.03		%
Provision for credit losses to average loans outstanding during period	0.27		%	0.66		%

Table of Contents

Foreclosed Assets, Net of Allowance for Losses

The following table details the components and summarize the activity in foreclosed assets, net of allowances for losses, for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


(in thousands)	Balance at December 31, 2022		Sales		Valuation Adjustments		Transfers from Loans		Balance at March 31, 2023
Land & construction	$	154	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	154
Residential real estate	1,709		—		—		—		1,709
Commercial real estate	1,576		—		—		—		1,576
Total foreclosed assets	$	3,439	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,439

Deposits

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s deposits decreased by $303.1 million to $8.7 billion at quarter end. There were no brokered deposits included in the deposit balances as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

See Note 9 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report for information about the Company’s commitments and contingencies including off-balance-sheet arrangements.

Capital Resources

The current and projected capital position of the Company and the impact of capital plans and long-term strategies are reviewed regularly by Management.

On February 25, 2021 the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 2,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock (the 2021 Repurchase Plan), which approximated 6.7% of the shares outstanding as of the approval date. The actual timing of any share repurchases will be determined by the Company's management and therefore the total value of the shares to be purchased under the 2021 Repurchase Plan is subject to change. The Company may repurchase its outstanding shares of common stock from time to time in open market or privately-negotiated transactions, including block trades, or pursuant to 10b5-1 trading plans. The 2021 Repurchase Plan has no expiration date (in accordance with applicable laws and regulations).

Concurrently with the announcement of the completion of the VRB merger, the Company announced the resumption of its 2021 Repurchase Plan planned activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 150,000 and zero shares with market values of $7.0 million and $0, respectively.

Total shareholders' equity increased by $43.8 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, as a result of an improvement in accumulated other comprehensive losses of $24.4 million and net income of $35.8 million, partially offset by cash dividend payments on common stock of approximately $9.9 million. As a result, the Company’s book value was $32.84 per share at March 31, 2023, as compared to $31.39 and $32.78 at December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, respectively. The Company’s tangible book value per share, a non-GAAP measure, calculated by subtracting goodwill and other intangible assets from total shareholders’ equity and dividing that sum by total shares outstanding, was $23.22 per share at March 31, 2023, as compared to $21.76 and $23.04 at December 31, 2022, and March 31, 2022, respectively.

Trailing Quarter Balance Sheet Change


	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Ratio		Minimum Regulatory Requirement		Ratio		Minimum Regulatory Requirement
Total risk based capital	14.5	%	10.5	%	14.2	%	10.5	%
Tier I capital	12.7	%	8.5	%	12.4	%	8.5	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital	12.0	%	7.0	%	11.7	%	7.0	%
Leverage	10.2	%	4.0	%	10.1	%	4.0	%

See Note 10 and Note 16 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional information about the Company’s capital resources.

As of March 31, 2023, we had an effective shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission that allows us to issue various types of debt securities, as well as common stock, preferred stock, warrants, depository shares representing fractional interest in shares of preferred stock, purchase contracts and units from time to time in one or more offerings. Each issuance under the shelf

Table of Contents

registration statement will require the filing of a prospectus supplement identifying the amount and terms of the securities to be issued. The registration statement does not limit the amount of securities that may be issued thereunder. Our ability to issue securities is subject to market conditions and other factors including, in the case of our debt securities, our credit ratings and compliance with current and prospective covenants in credit agreements.

Liquidity

The Company's primary sources of liquidity include the following for the periods indicated:


(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Borrowing capacity at correspondent banks and FRB	$	2,853,219	$	2,815,594
Less: borrowings outstanding	(394,095)		(216,700)
Unpledged available-for-sale investment securities	1,883,353		1,990,451
Cash held or in transit with FRB	67,468		56,910
Total primary liquidity	$	4,409,945	$	4,862,738.3

At March 31, 2023, the Company's primary sources of liquidity represented 54.9% of total deposits and 190.7% of estimated total uninsured deposits, respectively. As a secondary source of liquidity, the Company's held-to-maturity investment securities had a fair value of $142.1 million, including approximately $9.9 million in net unrealized losses or 0.6% of after tax total shareholders' equity.

The Company’s profitability during the first three months of 2023 generated cash flows from operations of $39.0 million compared to $34.8 million during the first three months of 2022. Net cash from investing activities was $115.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net cash used by investing activities of $121.9 million during the three months ending 2022. Financing activities used $151.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to providing $110.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 deposit balance decreases of $303.1 million was the largest detractor of funding, which attributed to the increase in other borrowings of $169.5 million during the same period.

The changes in contractual obligations of the Company and Bank, to include but not limited to term subordinated debt, operating leases, deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plans as well as off-balance sheet commitments such as unfunded loans and letters of credit. These contractual obligations are otherwise consistent with similar balances or totals as of December 31, 2022.

The Company is dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank to service its commitments, which have historically included dividends to shareholders, scheduled debt service payments, and general operations. Shareholder dividends are expected to continue subject to the Board’s discretion and management's continuing evaluation of capital levels, earnings, asset quality and other factors. The Company expects that the cash dividends paid by the Bank to the Company will be sufficient to cover the Company's cash flow needs. However, the Company and its ability to generate liquidity through either the issuance of stock or debt, also serves as a potential source of strength for the Bank. Dividends paid by the Company to holders of its common stock used $10.0 million and $7.4 million of cash during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company’s liquidity is dependent on dividends received from the Bank. Dividends from the Bank are subject to certain regulatory restrictions.

Table of Contents

TRICO BANCSHARES—NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(Unaudited. Dollars in thousands)

In addition to results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP), this filing contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. Management has presented these non-GAAP financial measures in this filing because it believes that they provide useful and comparative information to assess trends in the Company's core operations reflected in the current quarter's results, and facilitate the comparison of our performance with the performance of our peers. However, these non-GAAP financial measures are supplemental and are not a substitute for any analysis based on GAAP. Where applicable, comparable earnings information using GAAP financial measures is also presented. Because not all companies use the same calculations, our presentation may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures as calculated by other companies. For a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures, see the tables below:


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Net interest margin
Acquired loans discount accretion, net:
Amount (included in interest income)	$1,397		$1,751		$1,323
Effect on average loan yield	0.09	%	0.11	%	0.11	%
Effect on net interest margin (FTE)	0.06	%	0.07	%	0.07	%
Net interest margin (FTE)	4.21	%	4.34	%	3.39	%
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion (Non-GAAP)	4.15	%	4.27	%	3.32	%
PPP loans yield, net:
Amount (included in interest income)	$5		$16		$1,097
Effect on net interest margin (FTE)	—	%	—	%	0.03	%
Net interest margin less effect of PPP loan yield (Non-GAAP)	4.21	%	4.34	%	3.36	%
Acquired loan discount accretion and PPP loan yield, net:
Amount (included in interest income)	$1,402		$1,767		$2,420
Effect on net interest margin (FTE)	0.06	%	0.07	%	0.10	%
Net interest margin less effect of acquired loan discount accretion and PPP yields, net (Non-GAAP)	4.15	%	4.27	%	3.29	%


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Pre-tax pre-provision return on average assets or equity
Net income (GAAP)	$35,833		$36,343		$20,374
Exclude provision for income taxes	13,149		14,723		7,869
Exclude provision (benefit) for credit losses	4,195		4,245		8,330
Net income before income tax and provision expense (Non-GAAP)	$53,177		$55,311		$36,573

Average assets (GAAP)	$9,878,927		$9,932,931		$8,778,256
Average equity (GAAP)	$1,087,473		$1,016,468		$1,009,224

Return on average assets (GAAP) (annualized)	1.47	%	1.45	%	0.94	%
Pre-tax pre-provision return on average assets (Non-GAAP) (annualized)	2.18	%	2.21	%	1.69	%
Return on average equity (GAAP) (annualized)	13.36	%	14.19	%	8.19	%
Pre-tax pre-provision return on average equity (Non-GAAP) (annualized)	19.83	%	21.59	%	14.70	%

Table of Contents


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		March 31, 2022
Return on tangible common equity
Average total shareholders' equity	$1,087,473		$1,016,468		$1,009,224
Exclude average goodwill	304,442		306,192		226,676
Exclude average other intangibles	15,842		17,521		12,604
Average tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)	$767,189		$692,755		$769,944

Net income (GAAP)	$35,833		$36,343		$20,374
Exclude amortization of intangible assets, net of tax effect	1,166		1,199		865
Tangible net income available to common shareholders (Non-GAAP)	$36,999		$37,542		$21,239

Return on average equity	13.36	%	14.19	%	8.19	%
Return on average tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)	19.56	%	21.50	%	11.19	%


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		June 30, 2022		March 31, 2022
Tangible shareholders' equity to tangible assets
Shareholders' equity (GAAP)	$1,090,245		$1,046,416		$990,338		$1,042,177		$1,109,182
Exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net	319,456		321,112		326,314		328,016		329,718
Tangible shareholders' equity (Non-GAAP)	$770,789		$725,304		$664,024		$714,161		$779,464

Total assets (GAAP)	$9,842,394		$9,930,986		$9,976,879		$10,120,611		$10,118,328
Exclude goodwill and other intangible assets, net	319,456		321,112		326,314		328,016		329,718
Total tangible assets (Non-GAAP)	$9,522,938		$9,609,874		$9,650,565		$9,792,595		$9,788,610

Shareholders' equity to total assets (GAAP)	11.08	%	10.54	%	9.93	%	10.30	%	10.96	%
Tangible shareholders' equity to tangible assets (Non-GAAP)	8.09	%	7.55	%	6.88	%	7.29	%	7.96	%


	Three months ended
(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022	September 30, 2022	June 30, 2022	March 31, 2022
Tangible common shareholders' equity per share
Tangible s/h equity (Non-GAAP)	$770,789	$725,304	$664,024	$714,161	$779,464


Common shares outstanding at end of period	33,195,250	33,331,513	33,332,189	33,350,974	33,837,935

Common s/h equity (book value) per share (GAAP)	$32.84	$31.39	$29.71	$31.25	$32.78
Tangible common shareholders' equity (tangible book value) per share (Non-GAAP)	$23.22	$21.76	$19.92	$21.41	$23.04

Table of Contents

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Based on the changes in interest rates occurring subsequent to December 31, 2022, the following update of the Company’s assessment of market risk as of March 31, 2023 is being provided. These updates and changes should be read in conjunction with the additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, market interest rates, including many rates that serve as reference indices for variable rate loans and investment securities continued to increase. As noted above, these rate increases have continued to benefit growth in total interest income. As of March 31, 2023, the Company's loan portfolio consisted of approximately $6.4 billion in outstanding principal with a weighted average coupon rate of 5.0%. During the three-month periods ending March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average coupon on loan production in the quarter was 6.55% and 6.25%, respectively. Included in the March 31, 2023 loan total are variable rate loans totaling $3.6 billion, of which, $810.8 million are considered floating based on the Wall Street Prime index. In addition, the Company holds certain investment securities totaling $384.1 million which are subject to repricing on not less than a quarterly basis.

Management funds the acquisition of nearly all of its earning assets through its core deposit gathering activities. As of March 31, 2023, non-interest bearing deposits represented 40.3% of total deposits. Further, during the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the cost of interest bearing deposits were 0.43% and the cost of total deposits were 0.25%. With the intent of stabilizing or increasing net interest income, management intends to continue to deploy its excess liquidity and seek to migrate certain earning assets into higher yielding categories (from investment securities and into loans, for example). However, in situations where deposit balances contract, management relies upon various borrowing facilities or the use of brokered deposits. Through the first quarter of 2023 and during the entire 2022 year, management did not utilize any brokered deposits. Management did however utilize borrowing lines from the FHLB and expects that such borrowings will be needed and likely continue to grow through the remainder of the year and into 2024. As the rate paid on these borrowed funds are correlated with short-term interest rates, the costs associated with these borrowings, particularly in a rising rate environment, are also expected to increase.

As of March 31, 2023 the overnight Federal funds rate, the rate primarily used in these interest rate shock scenarios, was 4.83%. These scenarios assume that 1) interest rates increase or decrease evenly (in a “ramp” fashion) over a twelve-month period and remain at the new levels beyond twelve months or 2) that interest rates change instantaneously (“shock”). The simulation results shown below assume no changes in the structure of the Company’s balance sheet over the twelve months being measured.

The following table summarizes the estimated effect on net interest income and market value of equity to changing interest rates as measured against a flat rate (no interest rate change) instantaneous parallel shock scenario over a twelve month period utilizing a interest sensitivity (GAP) analysis based on the Company's specific mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities as of March 31, 2023.

Interest Rate Risk Simulations:


Change in Interest Rates (Basis Points)	Estimated Change in Net Interest Income (NII) (as % of NII)		Estimated Change in Market Value of Equity (MVE) (as % of MVE)
+300 (shock)	(3.5)	%	(6.3)	%
+200 (shock)	(2.5)	%	(4.0)	%
+100 (shock)	(1.2)	%	(1.0)	%
+ 0 (flat)	—		—
-100 (shock)	(2.1)	%	(3.9)	%
-200 (shock)	(4.6)	%	(11.0)	%
-300 (shock)	(6.6)	%	(23.4)	%

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are controls and procedures designed to reasonably assure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. Disclosure controls are also designed to reasonably assure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no changes in our internal controls or in other factors that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

Due to the nature of our business, we are involved in legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

The following risk factor represents a material update and addition to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, such as recent bank failures or concerns involving liquidity, may have a material effect on the Company’s operations, earnings and financial condition.

Late in the first quarter of 2023, the financial services industry was negatively affected by several bank failures. These recent events have caused general uncertainty and concern regarding the adequacy of liquidity within the banking sector as a whole and have decreased confidence in banks among depositors and investors. Although we were not directly affected by these bank failures, the resulting speed and ease in which news or rumors, including social media commentary, led depositors to withdraw or attempt to withdraw their funds from these and other financial institutions as well as caused the stock prices of many financial institutions to become volatile, in particular regional, as well as community banks like the Company. As a result of these recent events, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or in other higher yielding alternatives, which could materially adversely impact the Company’s liquidity, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations.

In response to these failures and the resulting market reaction, the Secretary of the Treasury approved actions enabling the FDIC to complete its resolutions of the failed banks in a manner that fully protects depositors by utilizing the Deposit Insurance Fund, including the use of Bridge Banks to assume all of the deposit obligations of the failed banks, while leaving unsecured lenders and equity holders of such institutions exposed to losses. In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank announced it would make available additional funding to eligible depository institutions under a Bank Term Funding Program to help assure banks have the ability to meet the needs of all their depositors. In an effort to strengthen public confidence in the banking system and protect depositors, regulators announced that any losses to the Deposit Insurance Fund to support uninsured depositors will be recovered by a special assessment on banks, as required by law, which is expected to increase the cost of our FDIC insurance assessments. However, it is uncertain whether these steps by the government will be sufficient to calm the financial markets, reduce the risk of significant depositor withdrawals at other institutions and thereby reduce the risk of additional bank failures. As a result of this uncertainty, we face the potential for reputational risk, deposit outflows, increased costs and competition for liquidity, and increased credit risk which, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Banking regulators have signaled further review of regulatory requirements and the potential for changes to laws or regulations governing banks and bank holding companies. Changes resulting from these events could include increased regulatory focus on deposit composition, the level of uninsured deposits, the level of unrealized losses in either available for sale or held to maturity securities portfolios, contingent liquidity, CRE loan composition and concentration, capital position and general oversight or supervisory or internal control structures regarding the foregoing. Changes in regulatory requirements could impact our ability to achieve our strategic objectives and may result in changes to our balance sheet position or business which could, in turn, negatively impact our profitability.

If we are required to sell securities to meet liquidity needs, we could realize significant losses.

As a result of increases in interest rates over the last year, the market values of previously issued government and other debt securities have declined in value, resulting in unrealized losses in our securities portfolio. While we anticipate that the scheduled cash flows generated from our investment portfolio will be adequate to support the liquidity needs of the Company, if we were required to sell these securities to expedite the generation of cash flows to meet liquidity needs, we may incur significant losses, which could impair our capital and financial condition and adversely affect our results of operations. Further, while we have taken actions to maximize our sources of liquidity, there is no guarantee that such sources will be available or sufficient in the event of sudden liquidity needs.

The following risk factor updates and supplements the risk factor regarding cyberattacks appearing on page 18 of the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

We were subject to a cyberattack, which could damage our reputation, result in the disclosure of confidential information, or create additional financial and legal exposure.

As previously disclosed in the Current Report 8-K filed by us on February 14, 2023, the Bank experienced a cybersecurity incident, where unusual network activity was detected, and management shut down networked systems which prevented access to internal systems, data and telephones for a limited period of time. Upon discovering the incident, the Bank immediately launched an investigation. A digital forensics firm was engaged to help determine the scope of the incident and identify potentially impacted data. We received a demand for

Table of Contents

ransom from a party claiming responsibility for the incident and the Bank promptly notified law enforcement and banking regulators. The Bank believes that its core banking systems, including those that facilitate loan or deposit related transactions, were not affected by this incident as evidenced by the Bank’s general ability to resume customer facing operations within two days. However, the Bank’s internal system access as well as communication capabilities, including e-mail correspondence and telephones, required approximately one week of time for the restoration process to be completed in a safe and secure environment.

The Bank continues to work with third-party forensic investigators to understand the nature and scope of the incident and to determine what information was accessed and who was impacted. The investigation is on-going.

While we continue to evaluate the full impact of this incident, we remain subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including legal, reputational, and financial risks, the results of our ongoing investigation of this security incident, any potential regulatory inquiries and/or litigation to which we may become subject in connection with this incident, and the extent of remediation and other additional costs that may be incurred by us. To date, we do not believe such financial consequences will be material, however the cybersecurity incident is still under investigation. Although the Company has insurance coverage, including cybersecurity insurance, the amount of coverage maintained may not cover all losses. We anticipate that we will incur additional expenses in future periods, including the notification of those impacted by the cybersecurity incident in accordance with applicable laws. Given the uncertainties about the impact of the incident and the inherent uncertainties involved in litigation, contractual obligations, government investigations and regulatory enforcement decisions, any outcomes from these risks could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and/or financial condition. In addition, litigation, regulatory interventions, and media reports of perceived security vulnerabilities and any resulting damage to our reputation or loss of confidence in the security of our systems could adversely affect our business. As cyber threats and the sophistication of threat actors continue to evolve, we have been and will likely continue to enhance our protective measures and will expend resources to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents.

Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table shows the repurchases made by the Company or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act) during the periods indicated:


Period	(a) Total number of shares purchased (1)	(b) Average price paid per share		(c) Total number of shares purchased as of part of publicly announced plans or programs	(d) Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs at period end (2)
January 1-31, 2023	—	$	—	—	1,359,802
February 1-28, 2023	48,475	50.69		36,094	1,323,708
March 1-31, 2023	113,906	45.11		113,906	1,209,802
Total	162,381	$	46.77	150,000

(1) Includes shares purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan in open market purchases and shares tendered by employees pursuant to various other equity incentive plans. See Notes 10 and 11 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report, for a discussion of the Company’s stock repurchased under equity compensation plans.

(2) Does not include shares that may be purchased by the Company’s Employee Stock Ownership Plan and pursuant to various other equity incentive plans. See Note 10 to the condensed consolidated financial statements at Item 1 of Part I of this report, for a discussion of the Company’s stock repurchase plan.

Table of Contents

Item 6 – Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.						Exhibit

31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CEO

31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CFO

32.1						Section 1350 Certification of CEO

32.2						Section 1350 Certification of CFO

101.INS						XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


			TRICO BANCSHARES
			(Registrant)

Date: May 10, 2023			/s/ Peter G. Wiese
			Peter G. Wiese
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Duly authorized officer and principal financial and chief accounting officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)Note 1 - Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Note 2 - Business Combinations Note 3 - Investment Securities Note 4 Loans Note 5 Allowance For Credit Losses Note 6 - Leases Note 7 - Deposits Note 8 - Subordinated Debentures Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies Note 10 - Shareholders Equity Note 11 - Stock Options and Other Equity-based Incentive Instruments Note 12 - Non-interest Income and Expense Note 13 - Earnings Per Share Note 14 Comprehensive Income (loss)Note 15 - Fair Value Measurement Note 16 - Regulatory Matters Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II Other Information Item 1 - Legal Proceedings Item 1A - Risk Factors Item 2 - Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 6 Exhibits

Exhibits

31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CEO 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of CFO 32.1 Section1350 Certification of CEO 32.2 Section1350 Certification of CFO

TCBK 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2023

Exhibits