TIPT 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2019

TIPTREE INC.

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10-Q 1 tfi2019q1-10q.htm 10-Q Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q



(Mark One)
x	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly period ended March 31, 2019



o	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-33549

Tiptree Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Maryland		38-3754322
(State or Other Jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer
Incorporation of Organization)		Identification No.)


299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York		10171
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (212) 446-1400

Former Address: 780 Third Avenue, 21st Floor, New York, New York, 10017

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	TIPT	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨

Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ¨ No x

As of May 2, 2019, there were 34,526,028 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

Tiptree Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

March 31, 2019

Table of Contents



ITEM		Page Number
PART I. Financial Information		F- 1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)		F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018		F- 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018		F- 5
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018		F- 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018		F- 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		F- 9
(1) Organization		F- 9
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies		F- 9
(3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations		F- 12
(4) Operating Segment Data		F- 14
(5) Investments		F- 15
(6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net		F- 20
(7) Reinsurance Receivable		F- 21
(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net		F- 22
(9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging		F- 23
(10) Debt, net		F- 25
(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments		F- 26
(12) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses		F- 31
(13) Revenue From Contracts with Customers		F- 32
(14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses		F- 33
(15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income		F- 34
(16) Stockholders’ Equity		F- 34
(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		F- 36
(18) Stock Based Compensation		F- 37
(19) Income Taxes		F- 39
(20) Commitments and Contingencies		F- 39
(21) Earnings Per Share		F- 40
(22) Related Party Transactions		F- 41
(23) Subsequent Events		F- 42
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		1
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		17
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		17

PART II. Other Information		18
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		18
Item 1A. Risk Factors		18
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		18
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		19
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		19
Item 5. Other Information		19
Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules		19
Signatures		20

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information included and incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the information included and incorporated by reference herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and our strategic plans and objectives. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and in our other public filings with the SEC.

The factors described herein are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could affect our forward-looking statements. Consequently, our actual performance could be materially different from the results described or anticipated by our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by the applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Market and Industry Data

Certain market data and industry data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were obtained from reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. We believe the data from third-party sources to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of the industry, but have not independently verified such data and as such, make no guarantees as to its accuracy, completeness or timeliness.

Note to Reader

In reading this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to:

“A.M. Best” means A.M. Best Company, Inc.

“Care” means Care Investment Trust LLC.

“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.

“Common Stock” means Class A common stock $0.001 par value for periods prior to June 7, 2018 and thereafter the common stock $0.001 par value.

“Corvid Peak” means collectively, Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P., Corvid Peak Capital Management, LLC, Corvid Peak GP Holdings, LLC and Corvid Peak Holdings GP, LLC., formerly known as “Tricadia”.

“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Fortress” means Fortress Credit Corp., as administrative agent, collateral agent and lead arranger, and affiliates of Fortress that are lenders under the Credit Agreement among the Company, Fortress and the lenders party thereto.

“Fortegra” means Fortegra Financial Corporation.

“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

“Invesque” means Invesque Inc.

“Luxury” means Luxury Mortgage Corp.

“NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

“NPL” means nonperforming residential real estate mortgage loans.

“Operating Company” means Tiptree Operating Company, LLC.

“Reliance” means Reliance First Capital, LLC.

“REO” means real estate owned.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

F- 1

“Tax Act” means Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

“TFP” means Tiptree Financial Partners, L.P.

“Tiptree”, the “Company”, “we”, “its”, “us” and “our” means, unless otherwise indicated by the context, Tiptree Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

“Transition Services Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Corvid Peak and Tiptree Inc., effective as of January 1, 2019.

“Tricadia” means, collectively, Tricadia Holdings, L.P., Tricadia Capital Management, LLC, Tricadia Holdings GP, LLC, Tricadia Holdings and Tricadia GP Holdings LLC.

F- 2

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets:
Investments:
Available for sale securities, at fair value	$	283,929	$	283,563
Loans, at fair value	125,145		215,383
Equity securities	122,592		122,979
Other investments	76,741		75,002
Total investments	608,407		696,927
Cash and cash equivalents	88,079		86,003
Restricted cash	13,062		10,521
Notes and accounts receivable, net	231,990		223,105
Reinsurance receivables	420,996		420,351
Deferred acquisition costs	170,727		170,063
Goodwill	91,562		91,562
Intangible assets, net	50,098		52,121
Other assets	70,465		46,034
Assets held for sale	69,454		68,231
Total assets	$	1,814,840	$	1,864,918

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Debt, net	$	282,798	$	354,083
Unearned premiums	589,074		599,444
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims	130,585		131,611
Deferred revenue	75,276		75,754
Reinsurance payable	115,029		117,597
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	163,224		124,190
Liabilities held for sale	64,199		62,980
Total liabilities	$	1,420,185	$	1,465,659

Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	$	—	$	—
Common Stock: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 34,505,781 and 35,870,348 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	35		36
Additional paid-in capital	323,334		331,892
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	251		(2,058		)
Retained earnings	60,015		57,231
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity	383,635		387,101
Non-controlling interests - Other	11,020		12,158
Total stockholders’ equity	394,655		399,259
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,814,840	$	1,864,918

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 3

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	118,973	$	101,645
Service and administrative fees	25,895		24,576
Ceding commissions	2,504		2,283
Net investment income	4,301		4,205
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	20,151		7,384
Other revenue	12,079		7,979
Total revenues	183,903		148,072
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits	40,841		36,626
Commission expense	74,903		62,633
Employee compensation and benefits	29,153		27,788
Interest expense	6,920		5,946
Depreciation and amortization	3,094		2,957
Other expenses	23,837		19,165
Total expenses	178,748		155,115
Income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations	5,155		(7,043		)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes	854		(1,568		)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	4,301		(5,475		)
Discontinued operations:
Income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations	—		624
Gain on sale of discontinued operations	—		46,184
Less: Provision (benefit) for income taxes	—		12,327
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—		34,481
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests	4,301		29,006
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP	—		5,392
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other	376		54
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders	$	3,925	$	23,560

Net income (loss) per Common Share:
Basic, continuing operations, net	$	0.11	$	(0.15	)
Basic, discontinued operations, net	—		0.94
Basic earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.79

Diluted, continuing operations, net	0.11		(0.15		)
Diluted, discontinued operations, net	—		0.94
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.11	$	0.79

Weighted average number of Common Shares:
Basic	34,673,054		29,861,496
Diluted	34,673,054		29,861,496

Dividends declared per Common Share	$	0.040	$	0.035

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests	$	4,301		$	29,006

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	3,128			(2,293		)
Related tax (expense) benefit	(713		)	504
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income	5			527
Related tax expense (benefit)	(1		)	(112		)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	2,419			(1,374		)

Interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges):
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps	—			1,111
Related tax (expense) benefit	—			(276		)
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income ⁽¹⁾	—			(3,845		)
Related tax expense (benefit)	—			936
Unrealized (losses) gains on interest rate swaps from cash flow hedges, net of tax	—			(2,074		)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,419			(3,448		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	6,720			25,558
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP	—			4,829
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other	387			(382		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders	$	6,333		$	21,111


⁽¹⁾	Deconsolidated as part of the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 5

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)



	Number of Shares		Par Value				Additional paid in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings			Shares held by subsidiaries										Total stockholders’ equity to Tiptree Inc.			Non-controlling interests - TFP			Non-controlling interests - Other			Total stockholders' equity
	Common Stock	Class B	Common Stock		Class B		Additional paid in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings			Common Stock		Common Stock Amount			Class B Shares		Class B Amount			Total stockholders’ equity to Tiptree Inc.			Non-controlling interests - TFP			Non-controlling interests - Other			Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	35,003,004	8,049,029	$	35	$	8	$	295,582		$	966		$	38,079		(5,197,551	)	$	(34,585	)	(8,049,029	)	$	(8	)	$	300,077		$	77,494		$	19,203		$	396,774
Amortization of share based incentive compensation	—	—	—		—		585			—			—			—		—			—		—			585			—			648			1,233
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	—	—	—		—		(1,003		)	—			—			145,973		949			—		—			(54		)	—			—			(54		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—	—		—		—			(2,449		)	—			—		—			—		—			(2,449		)	(563		)	(436		)	(3,448		)
Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—	—		—		—			—			—			—		—			—		—			—			(241		)	—			(241		)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan	—	—	—		—		—			—			—			(29,365	)	(187		)	—		—			(187		)	—			—			(187		)
Net changes in non-controlling interest	—	—	—		—		(486		)	—			—			—		—			—		—			(486		)	—			(14,039		)	(14,525		)
Dividends declared	—	—	—		—		—			—			(898		)	—		—			—		—			(898		)	—			—			(898		)
Net income	—	—	—		—		—			—			23,560			—		—			—		—			23,560			5,392			54			29,006
Balance at March 31, 2018	35,003,004	8,049,029	$	35	$	8	$	294,678		$	(1,483	)	$	60,741		(5,080,943	)	$	(33,823	)	(8,049,029	)	$	(8	)	$	320,148		$	82,082		$	5,430		$	407,660

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 6

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)



	Common Stock
	Number of shares		Par value			Additional paid in capital			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Retained earnings			Total stockholders’ equity to Tiptree Inc.			Non-controlling interests - Other			Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2018	35,870,348		$	36		$	331,892		$	(2,058	)	$	57,231		$	387,101		$	12,158		$	399,259
Adoption of accounting standard ⁽¹⁾	—		—			—			(99		)	99			—			—			—
Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—		—			670			—			—			670			661			1,331
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	108,163		—			(144		)	—			—			(144		)	(2,236		)	(2,380		)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan	(1,472,730	)	(1		)	(9,084		)	—			—			(9,085		)	—			(9,085		)
Non-controlling interest contributions	—		—			—			—			—			—			50			50
Dividends declared	—		—			—			—			(1,240		)	(1,240		)	—			(1,240		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—			—			2,408			—			2,408			11			2,419
Net income	—		—			—			—			3,925			3,925			376			4,301
Balance at March 31, 2019	34,505,781		$	35		$	323,334		$	251		$	60,015		$	383,635		$	11,020		$	394,655


⁽¹⁾	Amounts reclassified due to adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies .

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders	$	3,925		$	23,560
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - TFP	—			5,392
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests - Other	376			54
Net income (loss)	4,301			29,006
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses	(20,151		)	(7,384		)
Net (gain) on sale of subsidiary	—			(46,184		)
Non cash compensation expense	1,408			1,233
Amortization/accretion of premiums and discounts	308			169
Depreciation and amortization expense	3,094			2,958
Bad debt expense	80			64
Amortization of deferred financing costs	240			329
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,241			428
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	727			10,759
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(350,220		)	(360,542		)
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans originated for sale	366,121			390,747
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable	(5,020		)	(15,234		)
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance receivables	(645		)	(9,444		)
(Increase) decrease in deferred acquisition costs	(664		)	4,016
(Increase) decrease in other assets	2,201			(18,361		)
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums	(10,370		)	17,639
Increase (decrease) in policy liabilities and unpaid claims	(1,026		)	5,737
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	(478		)	1,604
Increase (decrease) in reinsurance payable	(2,568		)	5,624
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and accrued expenses	3,261			(9,713		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(8,160		)	3,451

Investing Activities:
Purchases of investments	(30,725		)	(104,449		)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	120,309			76,291
Proceeds from the sale of real estate	2,555			4,200
Purchases of fixed assets	(3,231		)	(614		)
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries	9,676			3,561
Proceeds from notes receivable	7,711			7,803
Issuance of notes receivable	(11,629		)	(7,778		)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	94,666			(20,986		)

Financing Activities:
Non-controlling interest contributions	50			—
Non-controlling interest distributions	—			(241		)
Payment of debt issuance costs	(37		)	(346		)
Proceeds from borrowings and mortgage notes payable	382,506			363,590
Principal paydowns of borrowings and mortgage notes payable	(455,414		)	(395,625		)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(9,085		)	(187		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(81,980		)	(32,809		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	4,526			(50,344		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period	96,524			142,237
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period - held for sale	2,860			10,533
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period ⁽ ¹⁾	103,910			102,426
Less: Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale	2,769			1,871
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash– end of period	$	101,141		$	100,555

Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability	$	33,558		$	—
Acquired real estate properties through, or in lieu of, foreclosure of the related loan	$	1,958		$	3,435
Equity securities acquired through the sale of a subsidiary and asset sales	$	—		$	134,083

	As of
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,079		$	86,003
Restricted cash	13,062			10,521
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	101,141		96,524


⁽¹⁾	Includes cash in assets held for sale

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

(1) Organization

Tiptree Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, Tiptree, the Company, or we) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree’s Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”. Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with investment management capabilities. We allocate our capital across our insurance operations and other investments. We classify our business into one reportable segment: Specialty Insurance. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our non-reportable segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital.

In this report “Common Stock” means Class A common stock $0.001 par value for periods prior to June 7, 2018 and thereafter the common stock $0.001 par value.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Tiptree have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the main operating currency of the Company. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 . In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial information reflects all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending on December 31, 2019.

As a result of changes in presentation made in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Tiptree consolidates those entities in which it has an investment of 50% or more of voting rights or has control over significant operating, financial and investing decisions of the entity as well as variable interest entities (VIEs) in which Tiptree is determined to be the primary beneficiary. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties.

A VIE is required to be consolidated only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Tiptree’s consolidated VIEs are entities which Tiptree is considered the primary beneficiary through its controlling financial interests.

Non-controlling interests on the condensed consolidated balance sheets represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than Tiptree. Accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.

As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company’s operating leases are now recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2019. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses for additional information.

F- 9

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Management makes estimates and assumptions that include, but are not limited to, the determination of the following significant items:


•	Fair value of financial assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, securities, loans and derivatives;


•	Value of acquired assets and liabilities;


•	Carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles, including estimated amortization period and useful lives;


•	Reserves for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, estimated future claims and losses, potential litigation and other claims;


•	Valuation of contingent share issuances for compensation and purchase consideration, including estimates of number of shares and vesting schedules;


•	Revenue recognition including, but not limited to, the timing and amount of insurance premiums, service, administration fees, and loan origination fees; and


•	Other matters that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of contingencies in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Although these and other estimates and assumptions are based on the best available estimates, actual results could differ materially from management’s estimates.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels, from highest to lowest, are defined as follows:

• Level 1 – Unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

• Level 2 – Significant inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability. The types of financial assets and liabilities carried at level 2 are valued based on one or more of the following:

a) Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

b) Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in nonactive markets;

c) Pricing models whose inputs are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;

d) Pricing models whose inputs are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data through correlation or other means for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

• Level 3 – Significant inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, including the Company’s own data and assumptions that are used in pricing the asset or liability.

Fair Value Option

In addition to the financial instruments the Company is required to measure at fair value, the Company has elected to make an irrevocable election to utilize fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) within the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are reported separately in our condensed consolidated balance sheets from those instruments using another accounting method.

F- 10

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 supersedes the previous leases standard, Leases (Topic 840). The standard is effective on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2019 under the modified retrospective approach without restating prior comparative periods. The adoption of the updated guidance resulted in the Company recognizing a right of use asset of $32,052 as part of other assets and a lease liability of $33,558 as part of other liabilities and accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as de-recognizing the liability for deferred rent that was required under the previous guidance, for its operating lease agreements at January 1, 2019. We have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components and non-lease components, and leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings was zero .

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities . The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The guidance is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The guidance shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium, requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activitie s, which amends the guidance on hedge accounting. The amendment will make more financial and nonfinancial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting and amend the presentation and disclosure requirements. It is intended to more closely align hedge accounting with companies’ risk management strategies, simplify the application of hedge accounting, and increase transparency as to the scope and results of hedging programs. ASU 2017-12 can be adopted immediately in any interim or annual period. The mandatory effective date for calendar year-end public companies is January 1, 2019. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI), which permits companies to reclassify stranded tax effects caused by Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (Tax Act), from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings. Deferred tax assets (DTA) related to available for sale (AFS) securities unrealized gains and losses that were revalued as of December 31, 2017 created stranded tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) due to the enactment of the Tax Act, due to the nature of existing GAAP requiring recognition of tax rate change effects on the DTA revaluation related to AFS securities as an adjustment to provision for income taxes. Specifically, ASU 2018-02 permits a reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Act. Additionally, the ASU requires new disclosures by all companies, whether they opt to do the reclassification or not. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company has adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019, and reclassified the stranded tax effects caused by the Tax Act from AOCI to retained earnings. The standard is applied in the period of adoption, and the impact to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in the period of adoption is not material. The Company’s accounting policy for the release of stranded tax effects in AOCI is the aggregate portfolio approach.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses

F- 11

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

on Financial Instruments, which amends guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available for sale debt securities. For assets held at amortized cost basis, Topic 326 eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and, instead requires an entity to reflect its current estimate of all expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. For available for sale debt securities, credit losses should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP, however Topic 326 will require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. This ASU affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments will affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 does not change the qualitative assessment; however, it removes “the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test.” Instead, all reporting units, even those with a zero or negative carrying amount will apply the same impairment test. Therefore, as the FASB notes in the ASU’s Basis for Conclusions, the goodwill of reporting units with zero or negative carrying values will not be impaired, even when conditions underlying the reporting unit indicate that goodwill is impaired. Entities will, however, be required to disclose any reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts and the respective amounts of goodwill allocated to those reporting units. The amendments in ASU 2017-04 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The modifications include the removal of certain requirements, modifications to exiting requirements and additional requirements. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

(3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations

Dispositions

The Company completed the sale of Care, as well as two senior living properties held in our specialty insurance business to Invesque Inc. (Invesque), on February 1, 2018. The pre-tax comprehensive income on the sale for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was approximately $44.2 million , which consists of $46.2 million gain on sale of a subsidiary, $1.8 million of realized gain on the sale of the specialty insurance properties, offset by the reclassification of the interest rate swap from AOCI of $3.8 million . In December 2018 an additional gain on sale of a subsidiary of $10.7 million of earnout consideration was recognized as a result of a portfolio disposition by Invesque.

Total consideration received for the sale of Care was $150.7 million , including approximately 16.6 million shares of Invesque, resulting in an ownership of approximately 34% of the acquiring company at the time of sale. The Company has elected to apply the fair value option to the investment in Invesque. As such, these shares are held at fair value within equity securities.

When the Company entered into a purchase agreement on November 16, 2017 to sell Care, the Company concluded that the sale met the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. As a result, the Company reclassified the income and expenses attributable to Care to net income (loss) from discontinued operations through the completion of the sale.

The Company has entered into a definitive agreement to sell Luxury, which is pending a regulatory review, and is classified as held for sale at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The agreement did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company did not record any impairments with respect to assets held for sale.

F- 12

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Assets Held for Sale

The following table represents detail of assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Investments:
Loans, at fair value	$	63,372	$	63,340
Other investments	1,283		798
Total Investments	64,655		64,138
Cash and cash equivalents	2,769		2,860
Notes and accounts receivable, net	203		230
Other assets ⁽¹⁾	1,827		1,003
Assets held for sale	$	69,454	$	68,231

Liabilities
Debt, net	$	61,602	$	61,381
Other liabilities and accrued expenses ⁽²⁾	2,597		1,599
Liabilities held for sale	$	64,199	$	62,980


⁽¹⁾	Includes $582 and $0 of a right of use asset as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.


⁽²⁾	Includes $601 and $0 of a lease liability as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Discontinued Operations

The following table represents detail of revenues and expenses of discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Revenues:
Rental and related revenue	$	—	$	6,476
Other revenue	—		149
Total revenues	—		6,625
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	—		2,788
Interest expense	—		1,252
Other expenses	—		1,961
Total expenses	—		6,001
Net income (loss) before taxes from discontinued operations	—		624
Gain on sale of discontinued operations	—		46,184
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes	—		12,327
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	—	$	34,481

F- 13

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table represents a summary of cash flows related to discontinued operation included in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	—	$	(2,095	)
Investing activities	—		(592		)
Financing activities	—		(123		)
Net cash flows provided by discontinued operations	$	—	$	(2,810	)

(4) Operating Segment Data

Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with investment management capabilities. We allocate our capital across our insurance operations and other investments. We classify our business into one reportable segment – Specialty Insurance. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our non-reportable operating segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.

Our reportable segment’s income or loss is reported before income taxes, discontinued operations and non-controlling interests. Segment results incorporate the revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries since they commenced operations or were acquired. As of December 31, 2018, Mortgage and Asset Management, which previously were reportable segments, no longer met the quantitative threshold for disclosure. Those are now reported in Other, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Prior periods have been conformed to the current year presentation. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.

A description of our reportable segment and of Tiptree Capital are as follows:

Specialty Insurance operations are conducted through Fortegra Financial Corporation (Fortegra), an insurance holding company. Fortegra underwrites and provides specialty insurance products, primarily in the United States, and is a leading provider of credit insurance and asset protection products. Fortegra’s range of products and services include credit protection insurance, warranty and service contract products, and other specialty insurance programs which underwrite niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. We also offer various other insurance related products and services throughout the U.S. through our non-regulated subsidiaries.

Tiptree Capital includes our asset management, mortgage and shipping operations, and other investments (including our Invesque shares).

The tables below present the components of revenue, expense, pre-tax income (loss), and assets for our reportable segment as well as Tiptree Capital for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019									Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance			Tiptree Capital			Total			Specialty Insurance			Tiptree Capital			Total
Total revenue	$	154,628		$	29,275		$	183,903		$	129,998		$	18,074		$	148,072
Total expense	(146,490		)	(23,357		)	(169,847		)	(128,655		)	(19,746		)	(148,401		)
Corporate expense	—			—			(8,901		)	—			—			(6,714		)
Net income (loss) before taxes from continuing operations	$	8,138		$	5,918		$	5,155		$	1,343		$	(1,672	)	$	(7,043	)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							854									(1,568		)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations							—									34,481
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests							$	4,301								$	29,006
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							376									5,446
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders							$	3,925								$	23,560

F- 14

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table summarizes sources of revenue from Tiptree Capital:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) ⁽¹⁾	$	18,037	$	10,791
Other investment income ⁽²⁾	9,881		5,108
Management fee income	1,267		1,577
Other	90		598
Total Revenue	$	29,275	$	18,074


⁽¹⁾	See Note (5) Investments for the components of Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to Tiptree Capital.


⁽²⁾	See Note (5) Investments for the components of Other investment income.

The following table presents the reportable segment and Tiptree Capital assets for the following periods:



	As of March 31, 2019								As of December 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Corporate		Total		Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Corporate		Total
Total assets	$	1,450,765	$	320,320	$	43,755	$	1,814,840	$	1,514,084	$	318,420	$	32,414	$	1,864,918

(5) Investments

The following table presents the Company's investments related to insurance operations (Specialty Insurance) and investments from other Tiptree investing activities (Tiptree Capital), measured at fair value as of the following periods:



	As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total		Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value	$	283,929	$	—	$	283,929	$	283,563	$	—	$	283,563
Loans, at fair value	71,633		53,512		125,145		158,466		56,917		215,383
Equity securities	26,977		95,615		122,592		29,425		93,554		122,979
Other investments	18,751		57,990		76,741		18,526		56,476		75,002
Total investments	$	401,290	$	207,117	$	608,407	$	489,980	$	206,947	$	696,927

F- 15

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

All of the Company’s investments in available for sale securities (AFS) as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are held by subsidiaries in the specialty insurance business. The following tables present the Company's investments in available for sale securities:



	As of March 31, 2019
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	78,903	$	595	$	(213	)	$	79,285
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	63,234		745		(197		)	63,782
Corporate securities	93,144		798		(260		)	93,682
Asset backed securities	42,356		38		(1,203		)	41,191
Certificates of deposit	1,096		—		—			1,096
Obligations of foreign governments	4,865		29		(1		)	4,893
Total	$	283,598	$	2,205	$	(1,874	)	$	283,929

	As of December 31, 2018
	Amortized cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	71,945	$	266	$	(463	)	$	71,748
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	67,624		280		(458		)	67,446
Corporate securities	96,888		78		(1,241		)	95,725
Asset backed securities	41,912		14		(1,274		)	40,652
Certificates of deposit	1,241		—		—			1,241
Obligations of foreign governments	6,750		12		(11		)	6,751
Total	$	286,360	$	650	$	(3,447	)	$	283,563

The amortized cost and fair values of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity date, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	As of
	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	32,144	$	32,107	$	30,920	$	30,836
Due after one year through five years	166,245		167,544		167,201		166,366
Due after five years through ten years	30,208		30,291		32,805		32,185
Due after ten years	12,645		12,796		13,522		13,524
Asset-backed securities	42,356		41,191		41,912		40,652
Total	$	283,598	$	283,929	$	286,360	$	283,563

F- 16

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position:



	As of March 31, 2019
	Less Than or Equal to One Year						More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			# of Securities	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	2,058	$	(3	)	15	$	21,591	$	(210	)	127
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	5,555		(3		)	13	15,093		(194		)	89
Corporate securities	4,292		(31		)	32	23,033		(229		)	271
Asset-backed securities	33,316		(272		)	12	2,665		(931		)	10
Obligations of foreign governments	—		—			—	942		(1		)	4
Total	$	45,221	$	(309	)	72	$	63,324	$	(1,565	)	501

	As of December 31, 2018
	Less Than or Equal to One Year						More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			# of Securities	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses			# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	14,844	$	(70	)	51	$	19,495	$	(393	)	128
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	15,830		(30		)	41	21,594		(428		)	115
Corporate securities	47,976		(393		)	352	28,517		(848		)	404
Asset-backed securities	37,613		(1,262		)	35	614		(12		)	5
Obligations of foreign governments	2,313		(6		)	15	1,301		(5		)	8
Total	$	118,576	$	(1,761	)	494	$	71,521	$	(1,686	)	660

The Company does not intend to sell the investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2019 , and management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to hold these securities until full recovery of their amortized cost basis for fixed maturity securities. The unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit-related issues. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , based on the Company's review, none of the fixed maturity securities were deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired based on the Company's analysis of the securities and its intent to hold the securities until recovery.

Pursuant to certain reinsurance agreements and statutory licensing requirements, the Company has deposited invested assets in custody accounts or insurance department safekeeping accounts. The Company cannot remove invested assets from these accounts without prior approval of the contractual party or regulatory authority, as applicable. The following table presents the Company's restricted investments included in the Company's available for sale securities:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Fair value of restricted investments for special deposits required by state insurance departments	$	6,317	$	9,398
Fair value of restricted investments in trust pursuant to reinsurance agreements	26,086		24,931
Total fair value of restricted investments	$	32,403	$	34,329

F- 17

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents additional information on the Company’s available for sale securities:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Purchases of available for sale securities	$	29,861		$	75,570

Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of available for sale securities	$	11,144		$	10,018

Gains (losses) realized on maturities, calls and prepayments of available for sale securities	$	—		$	(27	)

Gross proceeds from sales of available for sale securities	$	21,168		$	32,032

Gains (losses) realized on sales of available for sale securities	$	(5	)	$	(500	)

Loans, at fair value

The following tables present the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value and the Company’s investments in loans, measured at fair value pledged as collateral:



	As of March 31, 2019									As of December 31, 2018
	Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB			Pledged as Collateral		Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB			Pledged as Collateral
Specialty Insurance:
Corporate loans ⁽¹⁾	$	47,094	$	51,454	$	(4,360	)	$	—	$	130,910	$	136,475	$	(5,565	)	$	120,202
Non-performing loans ⁽²⁾	24,539		30,545		(6,006		)	—		27,556		33,887		(6,331		)	—
Tiptree Capital:
Mortgage loans held for sale ⁽³⁾	53,512		51,239		2,273			53,028		56,917		54,679		2,238			56,441
Total loans, at fair value	$	125,145	$	133,238	$	(8,093	)	$	53,028	$	215,383	$	225,041	$	(9,658	)	$	176,643


⁽¹⁾	The UPB of these loans approximates cost basis.


⁽²⁾	The cost basis of NPLs was approximately $19,033 and $21,555 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.


⁽³⁾	As of March 31, 2019 there was one mortgage loan held for sale with a fair value of $123 that was 90 days or more past due. As of December 31, 2018 there were no mortgage loans held for sale 90 days or more past due.

Equity securities

Equity securities represents the carrying amount of the Company's basis in equity investments. Included within the equity securities balance are 16.6 million shares of Invesque for which the Company has elected to apply the fair value option. The following table contains information regarding the Company’s equity securities related to insurance operations and other Tiptree investing activity as of the following periods:



	As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total		Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total
Invesque Inc.	$	20,015	$	95,615	$	115,630	$	19,584	$	93,554	$	113,138
Other equity securities	6,962		—		6,962		9,841		—		9,841
Total equity securities	$	26,977	$	95,615	$	122,592	$	29,425	$	93,554	$	122,979

F- 18

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Other Investments

The following table contains information regarding the Company’s other investments as of the following periods:



	As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total		Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Total
Vessels, net ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	49,547	$	49,547	$	—	$	50,125	$	50,125
Real estate	9,863		—		9,863		10,019		—		10,019
Other	8,888		8,443		17,331		8,507		6,351		14,858
Total other investments	$	18,751	$	57,990	$	76,741	$	18,526	$	56,476	$	75,002


⁽¹⁾	Net of accumulated depreciation of $1,490 and $898 , respectively.

Net Investment Income - Specialty Insurance

Net investment income represents investment income and expense from investments related to insurance operations as disclosed within net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following tables present the components of net investment income by source of income:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest:
Available for sale securities, at fair value	$	2,127	$	1,219
Loans, at fair value	1,831		2,472
Other investments	104		342
Dividends from equity securities	574		390
Other	—		97
Subtotal	4,636		4,520
Less: investment expenses	335		315
Net investment income	$	4,301	$	4,205

Other Investment Income - Tiptree Capital

Other investment income represents other income from other Tiptree non-insurance activities as disclosed within other revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, see Note (15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income . The following tables present the components of other investment income by type:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest income:
Loans, at fair value	$	1,360	$	873
Other	130		254
Dividends from equity securities	2,533		1,663
Loan fee income:
Loans, at fair value	2,239		2,318
Charter revenue from vessels	3,619		—
Other investment income	$	9,881	$	5,108

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)

The following table presents the components of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities are included within other comprehensive income, and as such, are not included in this table:

F- 19

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net realized gains (losses)
Specialty Insurance:
Reclass of unrealized gains (losses) on AFS from OCI	$	(5	)	$	(527	)
Net gains (losses) on loans	(278		)	1,247
Net gains (losses) on equity securities	482			2,574
Other	—			1,845
Tiptree Capital:
Net gains (losses) on loans	13,587			15,796
Total net realized gains (losses)	13,786			20,935

Net unrealized gains (losses)
Specialty Insurance:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	224			(453		)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	1,760			(5,926		)
Reclass of unrealized (gains) losses from prior periods for equity securities sold	(403		)	(2,167		)
Other	334			—
Tiptree Capital:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	23			(1,043		)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	2,061			(3,178		)
Other	2,366			(784		)
Total net unrealized gains (losses)	6,365			(13,551		)
Total net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	20,151		$	7,384

(6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net

The following table summarizes the total notes and accounts receivable, net:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program	$	16,338	$	13,057
Accounts and premiums receivable, net	44,867		50,880
Retrospective commissions receivable	90,339		84,488
Trust receivables	59,420		53,424
Other receivables	21,026		21,256
Total	$	231,990	$	223,105

Notes Receivable, net

The Company has established an allowance for uncollectible amounts against its notes receivable of $121 and $97 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , there were $170 and $368 in balances classified as 90 days plus past due, respectively. Bad debt expense totaled $69 and $54 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.

Accounts and premiums receivable, net

The Company has established a valuation allowance against its accounts and premiums receivable of $225 and $217 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. Bad debt expense totaled $11 and $11 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.

F- 20

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

(7) Reinsurance Receivables

The following table presents the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by our specialty insurance business for the following periods:



	Direct amount		Ceded to other companies		Assumed from other companies		Net amount		Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	14,911	$	7,703	$	391	$	7,599	5.1	%
Accident and health insurance	27,799		17,975		747		10,571		7.1	%
Property and liability insurance	137,603		51,819		17,003		102,787		16.5	%
Total premiums written	180,313		77,497		18,141		120,957		15.0	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	16,449		8,526		416		8,339		5.0	%
Accident and health insurance	30,613		20,623		794		10,784		7.4	%
Property and liability insurance	144,994		60,810		15,666		99,850		15.7	%
Total premiums earned	$	192,056	$	89,959	$	16,876	$	118,973	14.2	%

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	13,762	$	7,176	$	427	$	7,013	6.1	%
Accident and health insurance	26,626		17,433		769		9,962		7.7	%
Property and liability insurance	141,742		66,827		17,328		92,243		18.8	%
Total premiums written	182,130		91,436		18,524		109,218		17.0	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	15,614		7,822		453		8,245		5.5	%
Accident and health insurance	28,902		19,617		818		10,103		8.1	%
Property and liability insurance	129,609		53,931		7,619		83,297		9.1	%
Total premiums earned	$	174,125	$	81,370	$	8,890	$	101,645	8.7	%

The following table presents the components of policy and contract benefits, including the effect of reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) incurred:



	Direct amount		Ceded to other companies		Assumed from other companies			Net amount		Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Losses Incurred
Life insurance	$	9,958	$	5,904	$	(8	)	$	4,046	(0.2	)%
Accident and health insurance	3,330		2,485		221			1,066		20.7	%
Property and liability insurance	55,918		35,578		10,341			30,681		33.7	%
Total losses incurred	69,206		43,967		10,554			35,793		29.5	%

	Member benefit claims ⁽¹⁾							5,048
	Total policy and contract benefits							$	40,841

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Losses Incurred
Life insurance	$	10,353	$	5,672	$	162		$	4,843	3.3	%
Accident and health insurance	4,577		3,544		246			1,279		19.2	%
Property and liability insurance	53,557		32,930		5,963			26,590		22.4	%
Total losses incurred	68,487		42,146		6,371			32,712		19.5	%

	Member benefit claims ⁽¹⁾							3,914
	Total policy and contract benefits							$	36,626

(1) - Member benefit claims are not covered by reinsurance.

F- 21

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the components of the reinsurance receivables:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Prepaid reinsurance premiums:
Life ⁽¹⁾	$	68,317	$	69,436
Accident and health ⁽¹⁾	58,957		61,606
Property	169,507		178,498
Total	296,781		309,540

Ceded claim reserves:
Life	3,374		3,424
Accident and health	9,842		11,039
Property	75,678		75,748
Total ceded claim reserves recoverable	88,894		90,211
Other reinsurance settlements recoverable	35,321		20,600
Reinsurance receivables	$	420,996	$	420,351


⁽¹⁾	Including policyholder account balances ceded.

The following table presents the aggregate amount included in reinsurance receivables that is comprised of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers:



	As of March 31, 2019
Total of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers	$	100,125

As of March 31, 2019 , the non-affiliated reinsurers from whom our specialty insurance business has the largest receivable balances were: MFI Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated), Freedom Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated) and Frandisco Property and Casualty Insurance Company (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated). The related receivables of these reinsurers are collateralized by assets on hand, assets held in trust accounts and letters of credit. As of March 31, 2019 , the Company does not believe there is a risk of loss due to the concentration of credit risk in the reinsurance program given the collateralization.

(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents identifiable finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and goodwill by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:



	As of March 31, 2019									As of December 31, 2018
	Specialty Insurance			Other ⁽¹⁾			Total			Specialty Insurance			Other ⁽¹⁾			Total
Customer relationships	$	50,500		$	—		$	50,500		$	50,500		$	—		$	50,500
Accumulated amortization	(20,264		)	—			(20,264		)	(18,913		)	—			(18,913		)
Trade names	6,500			800			7,300			6,500			800			7,300
Accumulated amortization	(2,864		)	(300		)	(3,164		)	(2,727		)	(280		)	(3,007		)
Software licensing	8,500			640			9,140			8,500			640			9,140
Accumulated amortization	(7,367		)	(343		)	(7,710		)	(6,942		)	(320		)	(7,262		)
Insurance policies and contracts acquired	36,500			—			36,500			36,500			—			36,500
Accumulated amortization	(35,965		)	—			(35,965		)	(35,898		)	—			(35,898		)
Insurance licensing agreements ⁽²⁾	13,761			—			13,761			13,761			—			13,761
Intangible assets, net	49,301			797			50,098			51,281			840			52,121
Goodwill	89,854			1,708			91,562			89,854			1,708			91,562
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net	$	139,155		$	2,505		$	141,660		$	141,135		$	2,548		$	143,683


⁽¹⁾	Other is primarily comprised of mortgage operations.


⁽²⁾	Represents intangible assets with an indefinite useful life. Impairment tests are performed at least annually on these assets.

F- 22

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Goodwill

The following table presents the activity in goodwill, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, and includes the adjustments made to the balance of goodwill to reflect the effect of the final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as the reduction to any goodwill attributable to discontinued operations or impairment related charges:



	Specialty Insurance		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	89,854	$	1,708	$	91,562
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	89,854	$	1,708	$	91,562

Accumulated impairments	$	—	$	699	$	699

The Company conducts annual impairment tests of its goodwill as of October 1. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, no impairment was recorded on the Company’s goodwill or intangibles.

Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the activity, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, in finite and indefinite-lived other intangible assets and includes the adjustments made to the balance to reflect the effect of any final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as any reduction attributable to discontinued operations or impairment-related charges:



	Specialty Insurance			Other			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	51,281		$	840		$	52,121
Less: amortization expense	(1,980		)	(43		)	(2,023		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	49,301		$	797		$	50,098

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Amortization expense on intangible assets	$	2,023	$	2,475

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:



	As of March 31, 2019
	Specialty Insurance		Other		Total
Remainder of 2019	$	5,746	$	128	$	5,874
2020	5,150		171		5,321
2021	4,333		171		4,504
2022	3,649		126		3,775
2023	3,212		80		3,292
2024 and thereafter	13,450		121		13,571
Total	$	35,540	$	797	$	36,337

(9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its overall investment and hedging activities. Derivative contracts are subject to additional risk that can result in a loss of all or part of an investment. The Company’s derivative activities are primarily classified by underlying credit risk and interest rate risk. In addition, the Company is also subject to additional counterparty risk should it’s counterparties fail to meet the contract terms. The derivative financial instruments are located within derivative assets at fair value and are reported in other investments. Derivative liabilities are reported within other liabilities and accrued expenses.

F- 23

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Derivatives, at fair value

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) with customers in connection with its mortgage banking activities to fund residential mortgage loans with certain terms at specified times in the future. IRLCs that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be classified as held-for-sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting guidance. As such, these IRLCs are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value typically resulting in recognition of a gain when the Company enters into IRLCs. In estimating the fair value of an IRLC, the Company assigns a probability that the loan commitment will be exercised and the loan will be funded (“pull through”). The fair value of the commitments is derived from the fair value of related mortgage loans, net of estimated costs to complete. Outstanding IRLCs expose the Company to the risk that the price of the loans underlying the commitments might decline from inception of the rate lock to funding of the loan. To manage this risk, the Company utilizes forward delivery contracts and TBA mortgage backed securities to economically hedge the risk of potential changes in the value of the loans that would result from the commitments.

Forward Delivery Contracts and TBA Mortgage Backed Securities

The Company enters into forward delivery contracts with loan aggregators and other investors as one of the tools to manage the interest rate risk associated with IRLCs and loans held for sale. In addition, the Company enters into to be announced (TBA) mortgage backed securities which facilitate hedging and funding by allowing the Company to prearrange prices for mortgages that are in the process of originating. The Company utilizes these hedging instruments for Agency (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) and FHA/VA (Ginnie Mae) eligible IRLCs.

The following table summarizes the gross notional and fair value amounts of derivatives (on a gross basis) categorized by underlying risk:



	As of March 31, 2019						As of December 31, 2018
	Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives		Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives
Interest rate risk:
Interest rate lock commitments	$	184,074	$	5,494	$	—	$	122,477	$	3,460	$	—
Forward delivery contracts	47,402		—		55		41,383		5		52
TBA mortgage backed securities	163,000		138		1,086		129,000		39		824
Total	$	394,476	$	5,632	$	1,141	$	292,860	$	3,504	$	876

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The following table presents the pretax impact of the cash flow hedging derivative instruments on the condensed consolidated financial statements for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Gains (losses) recognized in AOCI on the derivative-effective portion	$	—	$	1,111

(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCI into income-effective portion	$	—	$	(3,845	)

F- 24

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

(10) Debt, net

The following table summarizes the balance of the Company’s debt obligations, net of discounts and deferred financing costs.



		Stated interest rate or range of rates	Maximum borrowing capacity as of		As of
Debt Type	Stated maturity date	Stated interest rate or range of rates	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Corporate debt
Secured corporate credit agreements	April 2019 - September 2020	LIBOR + 1.00% to 5.50%	$	131,120	$	78,683		$	72,090
Junior subordinated notes	October 2057	8.50%	125,000		125,000			125,000
Preferred trust securities	June 2037	LIBOR + 4.10%	35,000		35,000			35,000
Total corporate debt					238,683			232,090
Asset based debt ⁽¹⁾
Asset based revolving financing ⁽²⁾	April 2019	LIBOR + 2.60%	25,000		6,769			86,092
Residential mortgage warehouse borrowings ⁽³⁾	May 2019 - August 2019	LIBOR + 2.00% to 2.50%	76,000		45,693			46,091
Total asset based debt					52,462			132,183
Total debt, face value					291,145			364,273
Unamortized discount, net					(428		)	(504		)
Unamortized deferred financing costs					(7,919		)	(9,686		)
Total debt, net					$	282,798		$	354,083


⁽¹⁾	Asset based debt is generally recourse only to specific assets and related cash flows.


⁽²⁾	The weighted average coupon rate for asset based revolving financing was 5.09% and 4.30% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.


⁽³⁾	The weighted average coupon rate for residential mortgage warehouse borrowings was 4.63% and 4.66% at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.

The table below presents the amount of interest expense the Company incurred on its debt for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Interest expense - corporate debt	$	4,994	$	3,852
Interest expense - asset based debt	1,926		2,094
Interest expense on debt	$	6,920	$	5,946

The following table presents the future maturities of the unpaid principal balance on the Company’s debt as of:



	March 31, 2019
Remainder of 2019	$	60,025
2020	71,120
2021	—
2022	—
2023	—
2024 and thereafter	160,000
Total	$	291,145

The following narrative is a summary of certain terms of our debt agreements for the period ended March 31, 2019 :

Corporate Debt

Secured Corporate Credit Agreements

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , a total of $71,120 and $72,090 , respectively, was outstanding under the Operating Company credit agreement.

F- 25

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , a total of $7,563 and $0 , respectively, was outstanding under the revolving line of credit in our specialty insurance business. During April 2019, the maturity date of this borrowing was extended to April 2020 with a new rate of LIBOR plus 1.20% .

Asset Based Debt

Asset Backed Revolving Financing

The $81,343 balance as of December 31, 2018 of the corporate loan financing agreement in our specialty insurance business was paid off and the borrowing was extinguished during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , a total of $6,769 and $4,749 , respectively, was outstanding under the borrowing related to our premium finance business in our specialty insurance business. During April 2019, the maturity date of this borrowing was extended to April 2021 with a new rate of LIBOR plus 2.40% .

Residential Mortgage Warehouse Borrowings

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , a total of $45,693 and $46,091 , respectively, was outstanding under such financing agreements. During May 2019, a subsidiary in our mortgage business extended the maturity date of a $50,000 warehouse line of credit from May 2019 to May 2020.

As of March 31, 2019 , the Company is in compliance with the representations and covenants for outstanding borrowings or has obtained waivers for any events of non-compliance.

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible to measure a financial instrument’s fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, and are affected by the type of product, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, as well as current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy discussed in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s fair value measurement is based primarily on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable financial instruments. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations and pricing matrices. Management analyzes the third party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy and to assess reliability of values. Further, management has a process in place to review all changes in fair value that occurred during each measurement period. Any discrepancies or unusual observations are followed through to resolution through the source of the pricing as well as utilizing comparisons, if applicable, to alternate pricing sources. In addition, the Company utilizes an income approach to measure the fair value of NPLs, as discussed below.

The Company utilizes observable and unobservable inputs within its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs may include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. Broker quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include: expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand considerations and market volatility.

Available for Sale Securities

Available for sale securities are generally classified within either Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are based

F- 26

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

on prices provided by an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager who provide a single price or quote per security.

The following details the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of available for sale securities and the applicable level each security falls within the fair value hierarchy:

U.S Treasury Securities, Obligations of U.S. Government Authorities and Agencies, Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions, Corporate Securities, Asset-Backed Securities, and Obligations of Foreign Governments: Fair values were obtained from an independent pricing service and a third party investment manager. The prices provided by the independent pricing service are based on quoted market prices, when available, non-binding broker quotes, or matrix pricing and fall under Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Certificates of Deposit: The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit approximate carrying value and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Equity securities

The fair values of publicly traded common and preferred stocks were obtained from market value quotations provided by an independent pricing service and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of non-publicly traded common and preferred stocks were based on prices obtained from an independent pricing service using unobservable inputs and fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s investment in Invesque is subject to certain contractual and functional sale restrictions. The functional restriction period is sequential to the contractual restriction period. As of March 31, 2019 , the weighted average estimated contractual sale restriction period was 1.25 months, with 50% of the shares restricted from sale for a period from 1 to 4 months. In addition, as of March 31, 2019 , the weighted average estimated functional restriction period was 0.4 months, with 70% of the shares restricted for a period from 0.25 to 0.75 months. The fair value of the Invesque shares is based on the market price adjusted for the impact of these restrictions, and as a result of the discount on the Invesque investment, the fair value measurement falls under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans, at fair value

Corporate Loans : These loans are comprised of a diversified portfolio of middle market and broadly syndicated leveraged loans and are generally classified within either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. To determine fair value, the Company uses quoted prices which include those provided from pricing vendors, where available. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the prices and quotes provided from the independent pricing vendors are reasonable. Such verification procedures include comparison of pricing sources and analysis of variances among pricing sources. The Company has evaluated each loan’s respective liquidity and has additionally performed valuation benchmarking. The key characteristics which were evaluated as part of this determination were liquidity ratings, price changes to index benchmarks, depth of quotes, credit ratings and industry trends.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale : Mortgage loans held for sale are generally classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is based upon forward sales contracts with third party investors, including estimated loan costs, and reserves.

Nonperforming Loans and REO: The Company determines the purchase price for NPLs at the time of acquisition and for each subsequent valuation by using a discounted cash flow valuation model and considering alternate loan resolution probabilities, including modification, liquidation, or conversion to REO. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of our NPLs are discount rates, loan resolution timeline, and the value of underlying properties. The fair values of NPLs which are making payments (generally based on a modification or a workout plan) are primarily based upon secondary market transaction prices, which are expressed as a percentage of unpaid principal balance (UPB). Observable inputs to the model include loan amounts, payment history, and property types. Our NPLs are on nonaccrual status at the time of purchase as it is probable that principal or interest is not fully collectible. NPLs are included in loans, at fair value and fall under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

NPLs that have become REOs were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the time of transfer during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 . The carrying value of REOs at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $9,863 and $10,019 , respectively. Upon conversion to REO, the fair value is estimated using broker

F- 27

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

price opinion (BPO). BPOs are subject to judgments of a particular broker formed by visiting a property, assessing general home values in an area, reviewing comparable listings, and reviewing comparable completed sales. These judgments may vary among brokers and may fluctuate over time based on housing market activities and the influx of additional comparable listings and sales. REO is included in other investments. Subsequent to conversion, REOs are carried at lower of cost or market.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Derivatives are comprised of interest rate lock commitments (IRLC) and to be announced mortgage backed securities (TBA). The fair value of these instruments is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date to exit the position. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries issue IRLCs to its customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected fall out assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally result in a Level 3 classification. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries manage their exposure by entering into forward delivery commitments with loan investors. For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally result in a Level 2 classification.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchies for financial assets and liabilities, measured on a recurring basis:



	As of March 31, 2019
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant observable inputs Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	79,285	$	—	$	79,285
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		63,782		—		63,782
Obligations of foreign governments	—		4,893		—		4,893
Certificates of deposit	1,096		—		—		1,096
Asset backed securities	—		39,642		1,549		41,191
Corporate securities	—		93,682		—		93,682
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	1,096		281,284		1,549		283,929

Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		7,331		39,763		47,094
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		53,512		—		53,512
Non-performing loans	—		—		24,539		24,539
Total loans, at fair value	—		60,843		64,302		125,145

Equity securities	6,610		115,630		352		122,592

Other investments, at fair value	—		138		10,867		11,005

Total	$	7,706	$	457,895	$	77,070	$	542,671

Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and accrued expenses)	—		1,141		—		1,141
Total	$	—	$	1,141	$	—	$	1,141

F- 28

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)



	As of December 31, 2018
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant observable inputs Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	71,748	$	—	$	71,748
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		67,446		—		67,446
Obligations of foreign governments	—		6,751		—		6,751
Certificates of deposit	1,241		—		—		1,241
Asset backed securities	—		39,144		1,508		40,652
Corporate bonds	—		95,725		—		95,725
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	1,241		280,814		1,508		283,563

Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		22,697		108,213		130,910
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		56,917		—		56,917
Non-performing loans	—		—		27,556		27,556
Total loans, at fair value	—		79,614		135,769		215,383

Equity securities	9,323		113,138		518		122,979

Other investments, at fair value	—		44		8,487		8,531

Total	$	10,564	$	473,610	$	146,282	$	630,456

Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities (included in other liabilities and accrued expenses)	$	—	$	876	$	—	$	876
Total	$	—	$	876	$	—	$	876

The following table represents additional information about assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019 ⁽¹⁾			2018 ⁽¹⁾
Balance at January 1,	$	146,282		$	162,666
Net realized gains (losses)	118			(77		)
Net unrealized gains (losses)	644			1,106
Origination of IRLC	14,817			11,372
Purchases	—			23,298
Sales ⁽¹⁾	(68,896		)	(22,633		)
Issuances	65			77
Transfer into Level 3 ⁽¹⁾	6,110			7,624
Transfer adjustments (out of) Level 3 ⁽¹⁾	(7,329		)	(7,420		)
Conversion to real estate owned	(1,958		)	(3,435		)
Conversion to mortgage loans held for sale	(12,783		)	(12,061		)
Balance at March 31,	$	77,070		$	160,517

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to assets still held at period end	$	(635	)	$	1,105


⁽¹⁾	All transfers are deemed to occur at end of period. Transfers between Level 2 and 3 were a result of subjecting third-party pricing on assets to various liquidity, depth, bid-ask spread and benchmarking criteria as well as assessing the availability of observable inputs affecting their fair valuation.

F- 29

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following is quantitative information about Level 3 assets with significant unobservable inputs used in fair valuation.



	Fair Value as of						Actual or Range (Weighted average)
Assets	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Valuation technique	Unobservable input(s)	March 31, 2019	December 31, 2018
Interest rate lock commitments	$	5,494	$	3,460	Internal model	Pull through rate	50% - 95%	50% - 95%
NPLs	24,539		27,556		Discounted cash flow	See table below ⁽¹⁾	See table below	See table below
Total	$	30,033	$	31,016

⁽¹⁾

Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. A decline in the discount rate in isolation would increase the fair value. A decrease in the housing pricing index in isolation would decrease the fair value. Individual loan characteristics, such as location and value of underlying collateral, affect the loan resolution timeline. An increase in the loan resolution timeline in isolation would decrease the fair value. A decrease in the value of underlying properties in isolation would decrease the fair value.

The following table sets forth quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used to measure the fair value of our NPLs. For NPLs that are not making payments, discount rate, loan resolution time-line, value of underlying properties, holdings costs and liquidation costs are the primary inputs used to measure fair value. For NPLs that are making payments, note rate and secondary market transaction prices/UPB are the primary inputs used to measure fair value.



	As of March 31, 2019			As of December 31, 2018
Unobservable inputs	High	Low	Average ⁽¹⁾	High	Low	Average ⁽¹⁾
Discount rate	30.0%	16.0%	23.3%	30.0%	16.0%	23.6%
Loan resolution time-line (Years)	2.3	0.6	1.3	2.1	0.6	1.2
Value of underlying properties	$1,780	$55	$376	$1,780	$55	$383
Holding costs	14.2%	5.3%	7.1%	14.7%	5.0%	6.9%
Liquidation costs	14.2%	8.4%	9.2%	14.2%	8.4%	9.2%
Note rate	6.0%	3.0%	4.9%	6.0%	3.0%	4.9%
Secondary market transaction prices/UPB	88.3%	74.5%	83.3%	88.3%	74.5%	83.3%


⁽¹⁾	Weighted based on value of underlying properties.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value and their respective levels within the fair value hierarchy:



	As of March 31, 2019					As of December 31, 2018
	Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value		Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value
Assets:
Debentures	2	$	5,182	$	5,182	2	$	5,134	$	5,134
Notes and accounts receivable, net	2	16,338		16,338		2	13,057		13,057
Total assets		$	21,520	$	21,520		$	18,191	$	18,191

Liabilities:
Debt, net	3	$	295,092	$	290,717	3	$	363,769	$	363,769
Total liabilities		$	295,092	$	290,717		$	363,769	$	363,769

Debentures: Since interest rates on debentures are at current market rates for similar credit risks, the carrying amount approximates fair value. These values are net of allowance for doubtful accounts.

Notes and Accounts Receivable: To the extent that carrying amounts differ from fair value, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for similar credits. Categorized as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Debt: The carrying value, which approximates fair value of LIBOR based debt, represents the total debt balance at face value excluding the unamortized discount. The fair value of the Junior subordinated notes is determined based on dealer quotes. Categorized as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

F- 30

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Additionally, the following financial assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are not carried at fair value, but whose carrying amounts approximate their fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. Categorized as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts and Premiums Receivable, net, retrospective commissions receivable and other receivables: The carrying amounts approximate fair value since no interest rate is charged on these short duration assets. Categorized as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note (6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net .

Due from Brokers, Dealers, and Trustees and Due to Brokers, Dealers and Trustees: The carrying amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses and approximate their fair value due to their short‑term nature. Categorized as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

(12) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Roll forward of Claim Liability

The following table presents the activity in the net liability for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses of short-duration contracts for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of January 1,	$	131,611		$	112,003
Less : liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross	(13,659		)	(15,474		)
Less : non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	(94		)	(58		)
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	117,858			96,471
Less : reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	(90,016		)	(73,778		)
Less : other lines, gross	(227		)	(224		)
Net balance as of January 1, short duration	27,615			22,469

Incurred (short duration) related to:
Current year	33,137			25,002
Prior years	2,362			6,966
Total incurred	35,499			31,968

Paid (short duration) related to:
Current year	29,713			14,434
Prior years	4,973			14,179
Total paid	34,686			28,613

Net balance as of March 31, short duration	28,428			25,824
Plus : reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	88,695			76,619
Plus : other lines, gross	230			172
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	117,353			102,615
Plus : liabilities of policy-holder accounts balances, gross	13,138			15,048
Plus : non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	94			77
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of March 31,	$	130,585		$	117,740

F- 31

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following schedule reconciles the total on short duration contracts per the table above to the amount of total losses incurred as presented in the condensed consolidated statement of operations, excluding the amount for member benefit claims:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Short duration incurred	$	35,499	$	31,968
Other lines incurred	—		46
Unallocated loss adjustment expense	294		698
Total losses incurred	$	35,793	$	32,712

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company’s specialty insurance business experienced an increase in prior year case development of $2,362 primarily from its non-standard auto business.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 , the Company’s specialty insurance business experienced an increase in prior year case development of $6,966 . This included $3,295 in non-standard auto and $3,831 in warranty. This development was partially offset by favorable development in its credit lines of business. The warranty and credit lines of business are primarily in retrospective commission arrangements that minimally impact the operating income of the Company.

(13) Revenue From Contracts with Customers

Revenue from contracts with customers is primarily comprised of asset management fee income included as a part of other revenue, and warranty coverage, car club and other revenues included as a part of service and administrative fees in our specialty insurance business. The table below presents the disaggregated amounts of revenue from contracts with customers by product type for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Asset management fee income	$	1,267	$	1,577
Warranty coverage revenue	6,822		6,123
Car club revenue	8,701		7,829
Other	1,708		2,097
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	18,498	$	17,626

Management Fees

The Company earns asset management fee income in the form of base management fees and incentive fees from the CLOs it manages. These base management fees are billed as the services are provided and paid periodically in accordance with the terms of the individual management agreements for as long as the Company manages the funds. Base management fees typically consist of fees based on the amount of assets held in the CLOs. Base management fees are recognized as revenue when earned. The Company does not recognize incentive fees until all contractual contingencies have been removed.

Service and Administrative Fees

Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software development, and claims handling for our customers. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable.

Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their PORCs. In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.

F- 32

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Information on Remaining Performance Obligations

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at March 31, 2019 .

Contract Balances

The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

The table below presents the activity in the significant deferred assets and liabilities related to revenue from contracts with customers for the three months ended March 31, 2019 .



	January 1, 2019						March 31, 2019
	Beginning balance		Additions		Amortizations		Ending balance
Deferred costs
Warranty coverage revenue	$	1,274	$	79	$	267	$	1,086
Car club revenue	12,189		5,662		6,608		11,243
Total	$	13,463	$	5,741	$	6,875	$	12,329



Deferred revenue
Warranty coverage revenue	$	39,835	$	9,092	$	6,822	$	42,105
Car club revenue	16,128		7,456		8,701		14,883
Total	$	55,963	$	16,548	$	15,523	$	56,988

Bad debt expense was not material for any period presented.

(14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of other assets as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Right of use asset - Operating leases ⁽¹⁾	$	29,564	$	—
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net	8,876		6,122
Prepaid expenses	7,079		7,351
Income tax receivable	2,098		2,307
Subsidiary sale receivable ⁽²⁾	1,000		10,676
Other	21,848		19,578
Total other assets	$	70,465	$	46,034


⁽¹⁾	See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.


⁽²⁾	Related to the gain contingency on sale of Care recorded in December 2018. $9,676 was received in cash in January 2019. The remaining amount is expected to be paid off by 2021. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .

The following table presents the depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	479	$	497

F- 33

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The following table presents the components of other liabilities and accrued expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	70,822	$	63,755
Operating lease liability ⁽¹⁾	31,473		—
Deferred tax liabilities, net	26,864		25,433
Commissions payable	9,602		11,076
Accrued interest payable	5,111		3,452
Other	19,352		20,474
Total other liabilities and accrued expenses	$	163,224	$	124,190


⁽¹⁾	See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

(15) Other Revenue, Other Expenses and Other Income

Other Revenue

The following table presents the components of other revenue as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Other revenue is primarily generated by Tiptree Capital non-insurance activities except as noted in the footnote to the table.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Other investment income ⁽¹⁾	$	9,881	$	5,108
Management fee income	1,267		1,577
Other ⁽²⁾	931		1,294
Total other revenue	$	12,079	$	7,979


⁽¹⁾	See Note (5) Investments for the components of Other investment income.


⁽²⁾	Includes $841 and $696 related to Specialty Insurance for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , respectively.

Other Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Professional fees	$	4,176	$	5,001
General and administrative	4,984		3,820
Premium taxes	3,324		3,622
Mortgage origination expenses	2,478		2,183
Rent and related	3,277		2,379
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1,241		428
Other	4,357		1,732
Total other expenses	$	23,837	$	19,165

(16) Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

On December 10, 2018, the Company engaged a broker in connection with a daily stock repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock. On December 10, 2018, the Company’s Board

F- 34

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

of Directors authorized the Company to make block repurchases of up to $10.0 million of shares in the aggregate, at the discretion of the Company's Executive Committee. On January 24, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors replenished the block repurchase authorization to repurchase up to $10.0 million of shares of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			As of March 31, 2019
	Number of shares purchased	Average price per share		Remaining repurchase authorization
Share repurchase programs:	60,421	$	5.86	$	9,277
Block repurchase program	1,412,309	6.18		10,000
Total	1,472,730	$	6.17	$	19,277

The Company declared cash dividends per share for the following periods presented below:



	Dividends per share for the
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
First Quarter ⁽¹⁾	$	0.040	$	0.035

(1) See Note (23) Subsequent Events for when dividend was declared.

Statutory Reporting and Insurance Company Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions

The Company's regulated insurance company subsidiaries may pay dividends to our insurance holding company, subject to statutory restrictions. Payments in excess of statutory restrictions (extraordinary dividends) to our insurance holding company are permitted only with prior approval of the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. The Company eliminated all dividends from its subsidiaries in the condensed consolidated financial statements.



The following table presents the dividends paid to our insurance holding company by its regulated insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Ordinary dividends	$	9,001	$	—
Extraordinary dividends	1,188		—
Total dividends	$	10,189	$	—

The following table presents the combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries, the required minimum statutory capital and surplus, as required by the laws of the states in which they are domiciled, and the combined amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:



	As of
	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Combined statutory capital and surplus of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries	$	122,471	$	131,859

Required minimum statutory capital and surplus	$	17,950	$	17,950

Amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries	$	4,531	$	13,532

At March 31, 2019 , the maximum amount of dividends that our regulated insurance company subsidiaries could pay under applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval was approximately $4,531 . The Company may seek regulatory approval to pay dividends in excess of this permitted amount, but there can be no assurance that the Company would receive regulatory approval if sought.

Under the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Risk-Based Capital Act of 1995, a company's Risk-Based Capital (RBC) is calculated by applying certain risk factors to various asset, claim and reserve items. If a company's adjusted surplus falls below calculated RBC thresholds, regulatory intervention or oversight is required. The Company's insurance

F- 35

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

company subsidiaries' RBC levels, as calculated in accordance with the NAIC’s RBC instructions, exceeded all RBC thresholds as of March 31, 2019 .

The following table presents the net income of the Company’s statutory insurance companies for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net income of statutory insurance companies	$	951	$	6,172

(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, for the following periods:



	Unrealized gains (losses) on									Amount attributable to noncontrolling interests
	Available for sale securities			Interest rate swaps			Total AOCI (loss)			TFP			Other			Total AOCI (loss) to Tiptree Inc.
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(460	)	$	2,074		$	1,614		$	(222	)	$	(426	)	$	966
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	(1,789		)	835			(954		)	61			210			(683		)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	415			—			415			—			—			415
Reclassification of AOCI - interest rate swaps ⁽¹⁾	—			(2,909		)	(2,909		)	502			226			(2,181		)
Period change	(1,374		)	(2,074		)	(3,448		)	563			436			(2,449		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(1,834	)	$	—		$	(1,834	)	$	341		$	10		$	(1,483	)

Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(2,069	)	$	—		$	(2,069	)	$	—		$	11		$	(2,058	)
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	2,415			—			2,415			—			(11		)	2,404
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	4			—			4			—			—			4
Period change	2,419			—			2,419			—			(11		)	2,408
Adoption of accounting standard ⁽²⁾	(99		)	—			(99		)	—			—			(99		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	251		$	—		$	251		$	—		$	—		$	251


⁽¹⁾	Relates to the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .


⁽²⁾	Amounts reclassified to retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies .

The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of AOCI included in net income and the impacted line items on the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,						Affected line item in condensed consolidated statement of operations
Components of AOCI	2019			2018
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities	$	(5	)	$	(527	)	Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Related tax (expense) benefit	1			112			Provision for income tax
Net of tax	$	(4	)	$	(415	)

Reclassification of AOCI - interest rate swaps ⁽¹⁾	$	—		$	3,845		Gain on sale of discontinued operations
Related tax (expense) benefit	—			(936		)	Provision for income tax
Net of tax	$	—		$	2,909


⁽¹⁾	Relates to the sale of Care. See Note (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .

F- 36

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

(18) Stock Based Compensation

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The Company adopted the Tiptree 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan) on June 6, 2017, which permits the grant of stock units, stock, and stock options up to a maximum of 6,100,000 shares of Common Stock. The general purpose of the 2017 Equity Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees and directors for the Company and its subsidiaries, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the 2017 Equity Plan terminates automatically on June 6, 2027. The table below summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated, excluding awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree Common Stock:



	Number of shares ⁽¹⁾
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2018	5,474,214
RSU and option awards granted	(659,898	)
Available for issuance as of March 31, 2019	4,814,316


⁽¹⁾	Excludes awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree Common Stock.

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans

Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become nonforfeitable with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of the grant, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.

The following table summarizes changes to the issuances of RSUs under the 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated:



	Number of shares issuable		Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested units as of December 31, 2018	676,630		$	6.27
Granted ⁽¹⁾	434,083		6.24
Vested	(143,785	)	6.45
Unvested units as of March 31, 2019	966,928		$	6.23


⁽¹⁾	Includes grants of 14,028 , shares of Common Stock to directors.

The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s Common Stock price. Included in vested shares for 2019 are 35,622 shares surrendered to pay taxes on behalf of the employees with shares vesting. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company granted 420,055 RSUs to employees of the Company. 307,148 shares vest ratably over a period of three years that began in February 2019 and the remaining 112,907 shares will cliff vest in February 2021.

Subsidiary Incentive Plans

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have established RSU programs under which they are authorized to issue RSUs or their equivalents, representing equity of such subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity. These RSUs are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting RSUs) and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting RSUs). Following the service period, such vested RSUs may be exchanged at fair market value, at the option of the holder, for Tiptree Common Stock under the 2017 Equity Plan. The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in cash.

F- 37

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table summarizes changes to the issuances of subsidiary RSU’s under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods indicated:



	Grant date fair value of equity shares issuable
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2018	$	8,710
Granted	—
Vested	(4,644		)
Unvested balance as of March 31, 2019	$	4,066

The vested and unvested balance (assuming full vesting) translates to an aggregate of 2,584,667 shares of Common Stock if converted as of March 31, 2019 .

Stock Options - Tiptree Corporate

Option awards have been granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our Common Stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10 -year term and are subject the recipient’s continuous service, a market requirement, and vest one third on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversary of the grant date. The market requirement is a book value per share target that can be met at any time before the option expires and it only needs to be met once for the option to remain exercisable for the remainder of its term. If the service condition is met, the full amount of the compensation expense will be recognized over the appropriate vesting period whether the market requirement is met or not. The options granted in 2018 include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date.

The fair value option grants are estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. Historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock between the grant date and July 1, 2013, the date of the business combination through which Tiptree became a public company. The valuation is done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the grant date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the date of the grant are used to calculate a spot dividend yield as of the date of grant for use in the model.

The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted for the following periods:



Valuation Input	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019		Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Assumption	Average	Assumption	Average
Historical volatility	27.69%	N/A	30.63%	N/A
Risk-free rate	2.62%	N/A	2.85%	N/A
Dividend yield	2.21%	N/A	2.03%	N/A
Expected term (years)		6.5		6.5

The following table presents the Company's stock option activity for the current period:



	Options outstanding	Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per stock option)		Weighted average grant date value (in dollars per stock option)		Options exercisable
Balance, December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾	1,064,527	$	6.24	$	2.61	—
Granted	225,815	6.26		1.69		—
Balance, March 31, 2019	1,290,342	6.24		2.45		—

Weighted average remaining contractual term at March 31, 2019 (in years)	8.2


⁽¹⁾	Book value targets for grants in 2018, 2017, and 2016 are $10.79 , $9.97 , and $10.14 , respectively.

F- 38

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Employee compensation and benefits	$	1,331		$	1,233
Director compensation	77			74
Income tax benefit	(304		)	(282		)
Net stock-based compensation expense	$	1,104		$	1,025

Additional information on total non-vested stock-based compensation is as follows:



	As of
	March 31, 2019
	Stock options		Restricted stock awards and RSUs
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards	$	1,449	$	6,973
Weighted - average recognition period (in years)	2.15		1.47

(19) Income Taxes

The following table represents the income tax expense (benefit):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019				2018
Total income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations	$	854			$	(1,568			)

Effective tax rate (ETR)	16.6		%	⁽¹⁾	22.3		%	⁽²⁾

Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations	$	—			$	12,327


⁽¹⁾	Lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% due to the effect of the dividends received deduction and other discrete items, partially offset by the impact of valuation allowance, state taxes, and the impact of foreign operations.


⁽²⁾	Higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% due to the effect of state income taxes and the dividends received deduction, partially offset by the impact of valuation allowance and other discrete items.

(20) Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

All leases are office space leases and are classified as operating leases that expire through 2028. Some of our office leases include the option to extend for up to five years or less at management’s discretion. Such extension options were not included in the measurement of the lease liability. Below is a summary of our right of use asset and lease liability as of March 31, 2019 .



	As of March 31, 2019
Right of use asset - Operating leases	$	29,564

Operating lease liability	$	31,473

Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	7.2

Weighted-average discount rate ⁽¹⁾	7.0		%

⁽¹⁾ Discount rate was determined by applying available market rates to lease obligations based upon their term.

F- 39

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

As of March 31, 2019 , the approximate aggregate minimum future lease payments required for our lease liability over the remaining lease periods are as follows:



	March 31, 2019
Remainder of 2019	$	4,425
2020	6,597
2021	6,293
2022	5,020
2023	4,394
2024 and thereafter	15,925
Total minimum payments	42,654
Less: liabilities held for sale	(601		)
Less: present value adjustment	(10,580		)
Total	$	31,473

The following table presents rent expense for the Company’s office leases recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Rent expense for office leases	$	2,349	$	1,495

Litigation

The Company is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015, the trial court issued an Order denying the Company’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a February 2017 hearing, the court denied the Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies. In January 2018, the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Company’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life certificates at issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.

The Company considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of the Company. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, the Company does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

(21) Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates basic net income per share of Common Stock (Common Share) based on the weighted average number of Common Shares outstanding (inclusive of vested restricted share units). The unvested restricted share units have the non-forfeitable right to participate in dividends declared and paid on the Company’s Common Stock on an as vested basis and are therefore considered a participating security. The Company calculates basic earnings per share using the “two-class” method, and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , the income available to Common Stockholders was allocated to the unvested restricted stock units.

F- 40

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Diluted net income per Common Share for the period includes the effect of potential equity of subsidiaries. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the assumed exercise of all potentially dilutive instruments were anti-dilutive, and therefore, were not included in the diluted net income per common share calculation.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per Common Share for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	4,301		$	(5,475	)
Less:
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	376			(1,116		)
Net income allocated to participating securities	85			—
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Common Shares	3,840			(4,359		)

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			34,481
Less:
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to non-controlling interests	—			6,562
Net income allocated to participating securities	—			—
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Common Shares	—			27,919
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares - basic	$	3,840		$	23,560
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Securities of subsidiaries	(170		)	—
Adjustments to income relating to exchangeable interests, net of tax	—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares - diluted	$	3,670		$	23,560

Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding - basic	34,673,054			29,861,496
Weighted average number of incremental shares of Common Stock issuable from exchangeable interests and contingent considerations	—			—
Weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding - diluted	34,673,054			29,861,496

Basic:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.11		$	(0.15	)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			0.94
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares	$	0.11		$	0.79

Diluted:
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.11		$	(0.15	)
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations	—			0.94
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Shares	$	0.11		$	0.79

(22) Related Party Transactions

On February 15, 2019, the Company and Corvid Peak (formerly known as Tricadia), entered into a Strategic Combination Agreement and Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement (the Transition Services Agreement). Corvid Peak is a related party of the Company because Corvid Peak is deemed to be controlled by Michael Barnes, the Company’s Executive Chairman. Tiptree agreed to invest $75 million to seed new investment funds to be managed by Corvid Peak.

No consideration was paid at the closing of the Strategic Combination Agreement. Tiptree will over time receive a 51% economic interest in certain profit shares interests in Corvid Peak, in increments stepping up by 10.2% each year, beginning in 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2026, Tiptree has the right to acquire the remaining economic interests in Corvid Peak that are held by Mr. Barnes, based upon a fair value-based formula. Beginning on January 1, 2027, Mr. Barnes has the reciprocal right to put his remaining economic interests in Corvid Peak to Tiptree using the same formula. Mr. Barnes has substantive participating rights over specified actions at Corvid Peak so long as he owns at least 10% of the equity of Corvid Peak. Tiptree and Corvid Peak have agreed to provide each other with certain support services on an arms’-length basis, pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement. The Company has concluded that it will account for any ownership interest it obtains in Corvid Peak using the equity method of accounting until such time as a controlling financial interest (as defined in the applicable accounting guidance) in Corvid Peak is obtained.

F- 41

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

March 31, 2019

(in thousands, except share data)

Pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, Tiptree and Corvid Peak have mutually agreed to provide certain services to one another (the Services). At the present time, the Services consist primarily of Tiptree providing to Corvid Peak office space, legal and compliance services, information technology services, insurance coverage, and certain finance, accounting and tax services. The Services are provided on arms’-length terms. The effective date of the Transition Services Agreement is January 1, 2019.

The Transition Services Agreement will terminate upon a change of control of Corvid Peak. Corvid Peak may terminate any Services upon 30 days written notice and Tiptree may terminate any Services upon 150 days written notice, but Tiptree may not terminate any Services prior June 30, 2020.

Payments under the Transition Services Agreement in the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were not material.

(23) Subsequent Events

On May 2, 2019, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.04 per share to holders of Common Stock with a record date of May 20, 2019, and a payment date of May 27, 2019.

F- 42

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations is presented in this section as follows:


•	Overview


•	Results of Operations


•	Non-GAAP Reconciliations


•	Liquidity and Capital Resources


•	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates


•	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

OVERVIEW

Tiptree is a holding company that combines insurance operations with investment management capabilities. Our principal operating subsidiary is a leading provider of specialty insurance products and related services. We also allocate capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. When considering capital allocation decisions, we take a diversified approach with a longer-term investment horizon. We evaluate our performance primarily by the comparison of our shareholder’s long-term total return on capital, as measured by Adjusted EBITDA, Operating EBITDA and growth in book value per share plus dividends.

During the first quarter 2019, we executed on several strategic initiatives:

Overall:


•	Delivered a quarterly return of 3.1%, as measured by growth in book value per share plus dividends paid.


•	Year-to-date 2019, we purchased and retired 1,472,730 shares of our Common Stock for $9.1 million through open market purchases and block purchases.


•	Increased our quarterly dividend for the third consecutive year to $0.04 per share, a 14.3% increase.

Insurance:


•	Gross written premiums for first quarter 2019 were $198.4 million , down 1.1% from the prior year. Net written premiums were $121.0 million , up 10.8%, driven by growth in credit and warranty products.


•	Within our insurance investment portfolio, we reduced our exposure to levered credit by selling approximately $80.0 million of assets and repaying asset-based debt.

Tiptree Capital:


•	In 2019, began re-positioning our asset management platform, by agreeing to invest $75 million to seed new investment funds in exchange for management control of, and a profit participation in, Corvid Peak (formerly known as Tricadia).

Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and GDP growth, market liquidity and volatility, consumer confidence, U.S. demographics, employment and wage growth, business confidence and investment, inflation, interest rates and spreads, the impact of the regulatory environment, and the other factors set forth in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our 10-K. Generally, our businesses are positively affected by a healthy U.S. consumer, stable to gradually rising interest rates, stable markets and business conditions, and global growth and trade flows. Conversely, rising unemployment, volatile markets, rapidly rising interest rates, changing regulatory requirements and slowing business conditions can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our specialty insurance business generally focuses on products which have low severity but high frequency loss experiences and are short-duration. Our insurance business has historically generated significant fee based revenues. In general, the types of products we offer tend to have limited aggregation risk, and thus, limited exposure to catastrophic and residual risk. We mitigate our underwriting risk through a combination of reinsurance and retrospective commission structures with our distribution partners and/or third-party reinsurers. Our insurance results primarily depend on our pricing, underwriting, risk retention and the accuracy of reserves, reinsurance arrangements, returns on invested assets, and policy and contract renewals and run-off. While our insurance operations have historically maintained a relatively stable combined ratio which support steady earnings, our initiatives to change our business mix along with economic factors could generate different results than we have historically experienced. We believe there are additional growth opportunities to expand our warranty and specialty programs insurance business model to other niche products and markets.

Our insurance company investment portfolio primarily serves as a source to pay claims and secondarily as a source of income for our operations. Our investments include fixed maturity securities, loans, credit investment funds, equity securities, real estate

and CLOs. Many of our investments are held at fair value. Changes in fair value for loans, credit investment funds, equity securities and CLO assets and liabilities are reported quarterly as unrealized gains or losses in revenues and can be impacted by changes in interest rates, credit risk, or market risk, including specific company or industry factors. When credit markets are performing well, loans held in our CLOs and credit fund investments may prepay, subjecting those investments to reinvestment risk. In deteriorating credit environments, default risk can impact the performance of our investments, as well as flowing through income as unrealized losses. Our equity holdings are relatively concentrated. General equity market trends, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value of our holdings and can result in unrealized gains and losses affecting our results. In addition, both as part of our insurance company investments and separately in Tiptree Capital, as of February 1, 2018, common shares of Invesque represent a significant asset on our balance sheet. Any change in the fair value of Invesque’s common stock or Invesque’s dividend policy could have a significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

The shipping industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Demand is a function of world economic conditions and the consequent requirement for commodities, production and consumption patterns, as well as events, which interrupt production, trade routes, and consumption. The shipping industry is cyclical with high volatility in charter hire rates and profitability. General market conditions, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value of our vessels and their operating results.

Our business can also be impacted in various ways by changes in interest rates, which can result in fluctuations in fair value of our investments, revenues associated with floating rate loans, volume and revenues in our mortgage business and interest expense associated with floating rate debt used to fund many of our operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a summary of our consolidated financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. In addition to GAAP results, management uses the Non-GAAP measures Operating EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share as measurements of operating performance. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance, debt service and comparison among companies. Management uses Operating EBITDA as part of its capital allocation process and to assess comparative returns on invested capital. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in determining incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company adjusted to add (i) corporate interest expense, consolidated income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) adjust for the effect of purchase accounting, (iii) adjust for non-cash fair value adjustments, and (iv) any significant non-recurring expenses. Operating EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA plus stock based compensation expense, less realized and unrealized gains and losses and less third party non-controlling interests. Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income.

Selected Key Metrics



($ in millions, except per share information)	Three Months Ended March 31,
GAAP:	2019		2018
Total revenues	$	183.9	$	148.1
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests	4.3		29.0
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders	3.9		23.6
Diluted earnings per share	0.11		0.79
Cash dividends paid per common share	—		—

Non-GAAP: ⁽¹⁾
Operating EBITDA	12.6		8.9
Adjusted EBITDA	14.6		5.4
Book value per share ⁽²⁾	11.12		10.59

(1) For information relating to Operating and Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

(2) For periods prior to April 10, 2018, book value per share assumed full exchange of the limited partners units of TFP for Common Stock.

Revenues

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , revenues were $183.9 million , which increased $35.8 million , or 24.2% , over the prior year period. The increase was driven by growth in earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and realized and unrealized gains. Earned premiums were $119.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , up from $101.6 million in the comparable 2018 period driven by growth in net written premiums. The combination of unearned premiums and deferred

revenues on the balance sheet grew by $84.9 million , or 14.7% , from March 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 as a result of increased written premiums in credit protection, warranty and other specialty programs.

Income (loss) before taxes (from continuing and discontinued operations)

The table below highlights key drivers impacting our consolidated results on a pre-tax basis. Many of our investments are carried at fair value and marked to market through unrealized gains and losses. As a result, we expect our earnings relating to these investments to be relatively volatile between periods in contrast to our fixed income securities, which are marked to market through accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in stockholders equity. On February 1, 2018, we sold our senior living operations to Invesque in exchange for a net of 16.6 million shares of Invesque common stock which resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $56.9 million in 2018, of which $46.2 million was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2018.



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) ⁽¹⁾	$	4.0	$	(7.7	)
Discontinued operations (Care) ⁽²⁾	$	—	$	46.8

(1) Excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs.

(2) Represents Care for the three months ended March 31, 2018 including a $46.2 million pre-tax gain on sale.

Net Income (Loss) before non-controlling interests

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , net income before non-controlling interests was $4.3 million compared to $29.0 million in the 2018 period, a decrease of $24.7 million . The decrease was driven by the non-repeat gain on sale of Care in 2018, partially offset by improved insurance operating performance and increased realized and unrealized gains on investments within Tiptree Capital and our insurance investment portfolio.

Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , net income available to Common Stockholders was $3.9 million , a decrease of $19.6 million from the prior year period. The key drivers of net income available to Common Stockholders were the same factors which impacted the net income before non-controlling interests.

Operating and Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP

Operating EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $12.6 million compared to $8.9 million for the 2018 period, an increase of $3.7 million , or 41.6% . The key drivers of the change were driven by increased Operating EBITDA from specialty insurance operations, improved performance in Tiptree Capital, and reduced corporate expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $14.6 million compared to $5.4 million for the 2018 period, driven by improved specialty insurance operations, realized and unrealized gains on investments, and reduced corporate expenses. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Total stockholders’ equity was $394.6 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $407.7 million as of March 31, 2018 , primarily driven by net income, which was more than offset by share repurchases and dividends paid. Over the past twelve months, Tiptree returned $28.0 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends paid. Book value per share for the period ended March 31, 2019 was $11.12 , an increase from book value per share, as exchanged, of $10.59 as of March 31, 2018 . The key drivers of the period-over-period impact were earnings per share and the purchase of 3.6 million shares at an average 40% discount to book value. Those increases were partially offset by dividends paid of $0.135 per share and officer compensation share issuances.

Results by Segment

one reportable segment, specialty insurance, with the remainder of our non-insurance operations aggregated into Tiptree Capital. For the year ended December 31, 2018, Mortgage and Asset Management, which previously were reportable segments, no longer met the quantitative threshold for disclosure. Those are now reported in Other, which we refer to as Tiptree Capital. Prior year segments have been conformed to the current year presentation. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses. The following table presents the components of total pre-tax income including continuing and discontinued operations.

Pre-tax Income



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Specialty Insurance	$	8.1		$	1.3
Tiptree Capital	5.9			(1.7		)
Corporate	(8.9		)	(6.7		)
Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations	$	5.1		$	(7.1	)
Pre-tax income (loss) from discontinued operations ⁽¹⁾	$	—		$	46.8


(1)	Represents Care for the three months ended March 31, 2018 which includes $46.2 million pre-tax gain on sale.

Invested Capital, Total Capital and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP ⁽¹⁾

Management evaluates the return on Invested Capital and Total Capital, which are non-GAAP financial measures, when making capital investment decisions. Invested Capital represents its total equity investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and acquisition costs, net of tax. Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus Corporate Debt. Management believes the use of these financial measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze how the Company has allocated capital over-time and provide a basis for determining the return on capital to shareholders. Management uses both of these measures when making capital investment decisions, including reinvesting cash, and evaluating the relative performance of its businesses and investments. The following tables present the components of Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.



	As of March 31,
($ in millions)	Invested Capital					Total Capital
	2019			2018		2019		2018
Specialty Insurance	$	297.6		$	281.5	$	465.2	$	441.5
Tiptree Capital	175.9			147.2		175.9		147.2
Corporate	(40.9		)	15.2		30.2		43.2
Total Tiptree	$	432.6		$	443.9	$	671.3	$	631.9



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Specialty Insurance	$	13.7		$	13.3
Tiptree Capital ⁽²⁾	4.7			3.3
Corporate	(5.8		)	(7.7		)
Operating EBITDA	$	12.6		$	8.9
Stock-based compensation expense	(1.4		)	(1.2		)
Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures	(0.6		)	—
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) ⁽³⁾	4.0			(2.2		)
Third party non-controlling interests ⁽⁴⁾	—			(0.1		)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	14.6		$	5.4


(1)	For further information relating to Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP total stockholders equity and pre-tax income, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”


(2)	Includes discontinued operations related to Care for the 2018 period. As of February 1, 2018, invested capital from Care discontinued operations is represented by our Invesque common shares. For more information, see “Note— (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .”


(3)	Excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs.


(4)	Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Specialty Insurance

Our principal operating subsidiary is a provider of specialty insurance products and related services, including credit protection insurance, warranty products, and insurance programs which underwrite niche personal and commercial lines of insurance. We also offer fee-based administration and fronting services for our self-insured clients who own captive producer owned reinsurance companies (“PORCs”). We generate income from insurance underwriting operations and our investment portfolio. Insurance underwriting revenues are primarily generated from net earned premiums, service and administrative fees and ceding commissions. We measure insurance underwriting operations performance by underwriting margin, combined ratio and Operating EBITDA. The investment portfolio income consists of investment income, gains and losses and is measured by net portfolio income.

The following tables present the specialty insurance segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Operating Results



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Gross written premiums	$	198.4	$	200.7
Net written premiums	121.0		109.2
Revenues:
Net earned premiums	$	119.0	$	101.6
Service and administrative fees	25.9		24.6
Ceding commissions	2.5		2.3
Net investment income	4.3		4.2
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	2.1		(3.4		)
Other income	0.8		0.7
Total revenues	$	154.6	$	130.0
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits	40.8		36.6
Commission expense	74.9		62.6
Employee compensation and benefits	12.0		10.9
Interest expense	4.1		4.5
Depreciation and amortization expenses	2.3		2.7
Other expenses	12.4		11.4
Total expenses	$	146.5	$	128.7
Pre-tax income (loss)	$	8.1	$	1.3

Results

Our specialty insurance operations are currently expanding product lines in an effort to increase written premiums, and commensurately grow the insurance portfolio. As part of this process, the business is investing to grow warranty and other specialty programs, while maintaining a leading position in our credit protection markets. That, combined with the earnings performance of the investment portfolio, are key drivers in comparing 2019 versus 2018 results. The growth in written premiums, combined with higher retention in select products, has resulted in an increase of unearned premiums and deferred revenue on the balance sheet of 14.7% from $579.4 million as of March 31, 2018 to $664.3 million as of March 31, 2019 .

Pre-tax income was $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , an increase of $6.8 million , over the prior year period. The primary drivers of the increase were net realized and unrealized gains of $2.1 million in the 2019 period versus $3.4 million of losses in the 2018 period, primarily related to equities and loans held at fair value in the portfolio. Insurance operations results improved versus the prior year period, driven primarily by increased underwriting margin of $2.5 million, which was partially offset by increased other expenses of $1.0 million primarily associated with debt extinguishment expenses on asset-based debt. Interest expense decreased by $0.4 million from the prior year period, primarily associated with a reduction of asset-based debt on consolidated loan funds from $103.4 million as of March 31, 2018, compared to $6.8 million as of March 31, 2019.

Revenues

Revenues are generated by the sale of the following products: credit protection, warranty, other specialty programs, services and other. Credit protection products include credit life, credit disability, credit property, involuntary unemployment, and accidental death and dismemberment. Warranty products include vehicle service contracts, furniture and appliance service contracts and mobile device protection. Other specialty programs are primarily personal and commercial lines and other property-casualty products.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , total revenues were $154.6 million , up $24.6 million , or 18.9% , primarily driven by an increase in earned premiums of $17.3 million and increases in service and administrative fees of $1.3 million . The increase in earned premiums was driven by growth in credit, warranty and other specialty product lines. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , revenues on the investment portfolio contributed $6.4 million compared to $0.8 million in the 2018 period, an increase of $5.6 million . See “—Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio” for further discussion of the investment results.

Expenses

Total expenses include policy and contract benefits, commissions expense and operating expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , total expenses were $146.5 million compared to $128.7 million in the 2018 period. The primary drivers of the increase were policy and contract benefits and commission expense as insurance revenues increased over the 2018 period.

There are two types of expenses for claims under insurance and warranty service contracts included in policy and contract benefits which are member benefit claims and net losses and loss adjustment expenses. Member benefit claims represent the costs of services and replacement devices incurred in warranty protection and car club service contracts. Net losses and loss adjustment expenses represent actual insurance claims paid, changes in unpaid claim reserves, net of amounts ceded, and the costs of administering claims for credit life and other insurance lines. Incurred claims are impacted by loss frequency, which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Loss occurrences in our insurance products are characterized by low severity and high frequency. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity include the volume of underwritten contracts, changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , policy and contract benefits were $40.8 million , up $4.2 million , primarily as a result of growth in earned premiums. Losses as a percentage of underwriting revenues decreased over the prior year period which was driven by credit protection programs, and partially offset by increased commissions paid to our distribution partners.

Commission expense is incurred on most product lines, the majority of which are retrospective commissions paid to distributors and retailers selling our products, including credit insurance policies, warranty and mobile device protection service contracts, and motor club memberships. Credit insurance commission rates are, in many cases, set by state regulators and are also impacted by market conditions and retention levels. Total commission expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $74.9 million compared to $62.6 million in the 2018 period. The primary drivers of the increase were the commission expense associated with the growth in written premiums and higher retention rate on our credit protection and warranty products.

Operating expenses include employee compensation and benefits, interest expense, depreciation and amortization expenses and other expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , employee compensation and benefits were $12.0 million , up $1.1 million , driven by increased compensation associated with warranty and program products. Interest expense of $4.1 million in 2018 decreased by $0.4 million versus the prior year period, primarily from reduced asset based borrowings on certain investments within the investment portfolio. Other expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $12.3 million , up $1.1 million from 2018 primarily from debt extinguishment expenses associated with asset-based debt. Depreciation and amortization expense was lower period-over-period as a result of the decline in VOBA purchase accounting impact from the amortization of the fair value attributed to the insurance policies and contracts acquired.

Key Operating Metrics and Non-GAAP Operating Results

Gross & Net Written Premiums

Gross written premiums represents total premiums from insurance policies and warranty service contracts written during a reporting period. Net written premiums are gross written premiums less that portion of premiums ceded to third-party reinsurers or PORCs. The amount ceded is based on the individual reinsurance agreements. Net earned premiums are the earned portion of our net written premiums. At the end of each reporting period, premiums written that are not earned are classified as unearned premiums, which are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

Written Premium Metrics



	Three months ended March 31,
	Gross Written Premiums				Net Written Premiums
Insurance Products:	2019		2018		2019		2018
Credit protection	$	132.3	$	116.9	$	89.0	$	76.7
Warranty	41.6		25.7		22.8		15.5
Other specialty programs	24.5		58.1		9.2		17.0
Total	$	198.4	$	200.7	$	121.0	$	109.2

Total gross written premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $198.4 million , which represented a decrease of $2.3 million, or 1.1%, from the prior year period. The decline was driven by our other specialty programs where certain non-standard auto programs were discontinued. The amount of business retained was 61.0%, up from 54.4% in the prior year period. Total net premiums written for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $121.0 million , up $11.8 million, or 10.8%, driven primarily by growth in credit and warranty programs. We believe our warranty service contracts and light commercial programs provide opportunity for growth through expanded product offerings, new clients and geographic expansion.

Product Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP

The following table presents product specific revenue and expenses within the specialty insurance segment. We generally limit the underwriting risk we assume using both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and retrospective commission agreements with our partners (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred), which manage and mitigate our risk. Period-over-period comparisons of revenues and expenses are often impacted by the PORCs and distribution partners choice as to whether to retain risk, specifically service and administration expenses and ceding commissions, both components of revenue, and policy and contract benefits and commissions paid to our partners and reinsurers. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by our partners and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in commissions paid. In order to better explain to investors the net financial impact of the risk retained by the Company of the insurance contracts written and the impact on profitability, we use the Non-GAAP metric - Underwriting Margin.

Underwriting Revenues and Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP ⁽¹⁾



	Three months ended March 31,
	Underwriting Revenues				Underwriting Margin
Insurance products:	2019		2018		2019		2018
Credit protection	$	106.4	$	92.7	$	19.5	$	18.1
Warranty	28.5		22.2		8.5		6.4
Other specialty programs	10.9		12.0		2.0		3.0
Services and other	2.4		2.3		2.5		2.5
Total	$	148.2	$	129.2	$	32.5	$	30.0

(1) For further information relating to the Company’s underwriting margin, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

Underwriting margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $32.5 million , up from $30.0 million in the 2018 period. Credit protection underwriting margin was $19.5 million , an increase from the 2018 period of $1.4 million, or 7.7%. Credit protection products continue to provide opportunities for steady growth through a combination of expanded product offerings and new clients. Underwriting margin for warranty products was $8.5 million for the 2018 period, up $2.1 million, or 32.8%, from the prior year period. The improvement was driven primarily by growth in furniture, appliances, and auto warranty businesses. Specialty programs underwriting margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $2.0 million , down 33.0% from 2018, as a distribution partner, non-standard auto program was discontinued. Services and other contributed $2.5 million in three months ended March 31, 2019 .

Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Insurance Operating Ratios

We use the combined ratio as an operating metric to evaluate our insurance underwriting performance, both overall and relative to peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net of ceding commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and other income. Investors use this ratio to evaluate our ability to profitably underwrite the risks we assume over time and manage our operating costs. A combined ratio less than 100% indicates an underwriting profit, while a combined

ratio greater than 100% reflects an underwriting loss. The below table outlines the insurance operating ratios, capital invested and the drivers of Operating EBITDA split between underwriting and investments as management evaluates the return on the investment portfolio separately from the returns from underwriting activities.

Invested Capital, Total Capital, Operating EBITDA and Operating Ratios - Non-GAAP ⁽¹⁾



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Invested Capital ⁽¹⁾	$	297.6		$	281.5
Total Capital ⁽¹⁾	$	465.2		$	441.5

Operating EBITDA drivers:
Underwriting	$	9.8		$	9.2
Investments	3.9			4.1
Specialty Insurance Operating EBITDA ⁽¹⁾	$	13.7		$	13.3
Insurance operating ratios:
Combined ratio	93.5		%	93.8		%

(1) For further information relating to the Company’s Operating EBITDA, Invested and Total Capital, adjusted combined ratio, and Net Portfolio Income (Loss), including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

The combined ratio was 93.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 , compared to 93.8% for the prior year period. The combined ratio from 2015-2018 averaged 91.0%. The increase from our four-year average in recent quarters has been driven primarily by our investment in new products and geographies which we believe will result in premium growth in future periods. See “—Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio” for further discussion of the investment results and “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP pre-tax income.

Insurance Investment Portfolio

Our investment portfolio is subject to different regulatory considerations, including with respect to types of assets, concentration limits, affiliate transactions and the use of leverage. Our investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns over the entire investment horizon across select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet our claims payment obligations. As such, volatility from realized and unrealized gains and losses may impact period-over-period performance. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and loans held at fair value impact current period net income, while unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities impact AOCI.

In managing our investment portfolio, we analyze net investments and net portfolio income, which are non-GAAP measures. Our presentation of net investments equals total investments plus cash and cash equivalents minus asset based financing related to certain investments. Our presentation of net portfolio income equals net investment income plus realized and unrealized gains and losses, excluding unrealized gains and losses on securities which are taken to AOCI, and minus interest expense associated with asset based financing of investments. Net investments and net portfolio income are used to calculate average annualized yield, which is one of the measures management uses to analyze the profitability of our investment portfolio. Management believes this information on a cumulative basis is useful since it allows investors to evaluate the performance of our investment portfolio based on the capital at risk and on a non-consolidated basis. Our calculation of net investments and net portfolio income may differ from similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Net investments and net portfolio income are not measures of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for total investments or net investment income. See “ — Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP total investments and investment income.

Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP



($ in millions)	As of March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash and cash equivalents ⁽¹⁾	$	61.1		$	29.1
Available for sale securities, at fair value	283.9			212.8
Equity securities	27.0			34.3
Loans, at fair value ⁽²⁾	71.6			90.0
Real estate, net	9.9			16.8
Other investments	8.9			16.7
Net investments	$	462.4		$	399.7

(1) Cash and cash equivalents, plus restricted cash, net of due from/due to brokers on consolidated loan funds, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP financials.
(2) Loans, at fair value, net of asset based debt, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations”, for a reconciliation to GAAP financials.

Specialty Insurance Net Investment Portfolio Income - Non-GAAP

($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net investment income	$	4.3		$	4.2
Realized gains (losses)	0.2			5.1
Unrealized gains (losses)	1.9			(8.5		)
Interest expense	(0.6		)	(1.2		)
Net portfolio income (loss)	$	5.8		$	(0.4	)
Average Annualized Yield % ⁽¹⁾	5.0		%	(0.4		)%

(1) Average Annualized Yield % represents the ratio of annualized net investment income, realized and unrealized gains (losses) less investment portfolio interest expense to the average of the prior two quarters total investments less investment portfolio debt plus cash, but does not reflect the cumulative return on the portfolio.

Net investments of $462.4 million have grown 15.7% from March 31, 2018 through a combination of organic growth in written premiums and increased retention.

Our net investment income includes interest and dividends, net of investment expenses, on our invested assets. Our loans, at fair value, are generally floating rate and therefore earn LIBOR plus a spread. Generally, our interest income on those loans will increase in a rising interest rate environment, or decrease in a declining rate environment, subject to any LIBOR floors. Our held to maturity investments generally carry fixed coupons, which can impact our returns on investment. We report net realized gains and losses on our investments separately from our net investment income. Net realized gains occur when we sell our investment securities for more than their costs or amortized costs, as applicable. Net realized losses occur when we sell our investment securities for less than their costs or amortized costs, as applicable, or we write down the investment securities as a result of other-than-temporary impairment. We report net unrealized gains and losses on securities classified as available-for-sale separately within accumulated other comprehensive income on our balance sheet. For loans, at fair value, and equity securities, we report unrealized gains and losses within net realized gains and losses on investment on the consolidated statement of income.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the net investment portfolio income was $5.8 million compared to a loss of $0.4 million in the comparable 2018 period. Net investment income was $4.3 million , up $0.1 million, or 2.4% from 2018, driven primarily by increases in net investments. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , fair market value changes on equities resulted in unrealized and realized gains of $1.8 million compared to losses of $5.5 million in the 2018 period. The average annualized yield for the year improved from (0.4)% in 2018 to 5.0% in 2019. The improvement was a result of increased net investment income, lower asset-based interest expense, and realized and unrealized gains compared to losses in the prior year.

Tiptree Capital

Tiptree Capital consists of our non-insurance operating businesses and investments. As of March 31, 2019 , Tiptree Capital includes our asset management, mortgage and shipping operations, and other investments (including our Invesque shares). We manage Tiptree Capital on a total return basis, balancing current cash flow and long-term value appreciation.

The following table summarizes total revenues, pre-tax income from continuing and discontinued operations from Tiptree Capital.

Operating Results



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Total revenues	$	29.3	$	18.1
Pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations	$	5.9	$	(1.7	)
Pre-tax income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	—	$	46.8

Drivers of pre-tax income from continuing and discontinued operations



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Asset management fees and credit investments	$	0.5	$	0.9
Shipping	0.5		(0.8		)
Specialty finance and other	0.3		(0.1		)
Senior Living:
Invesque ⁽¹⁾	4.6		(1.6		)
Care - discontinued operations ⁽²⁾	—		46.8

(1) Includes $2.5 million of dividends and $2.1 million of unrealized gains within Tiptree Capital for the three months ended March 31, 2019 .

(2) Discontinued operations related to Care for the three months ended March 31, 2018 includes $46.2 million pre-tax gain on sale of Care.

Results from Continuing Operations

Tiptree Capital earns revenues from net interest income; mortgage gains and fees; management fees from CLOs under management; distributions, realized and unrealized gains on the Company’s investment holdings (primarily Invesque).

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $29.3 million , an increase of $11.2 million from the prior year period. The increase was primarily driven by unrealized gains in the 2019 period compared to unrealized losses in the 2018 period. Pre-tax income from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $5.9 million compared to a loss of $1.7 million in the 2018 period. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , we received $2.5 million of dividends from Invesque and $2.1 million of unrealized gains compared to $1.7 million of dividends and $3.2 million of unrealized losses in the 2018 period. Additionally, pre-tax income from our shipping operations improved by $1.3 million period-over-period primarily driven by increased revenues and non-repeat start-up expenses impacting the 2018 period.

Results from Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations includes the results from Care, previously reported in the Senior Living segment. In the three months ended March 31, 2018 , pre-tax income was $46.8 million which included a $46.2 million gain on sale of Care.

Tiptree Capital - Invested Capital and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP ⁽¹⁾



($ in millions)	Invested Capital ⁽¹⁾				Operating EBITDA ⁽¹⁾
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Asset management fees and credit investments ⁽²⁾	$	2.4	$	4.2	$	0.6	$	0.9
Senior living (Invesque) ⁽³⁾	97.5		105.9		2.5		2.3
Shipping	48.7		—		1.1		—
Specialty finance and other	27.3		41.3		0.5		0.1
Tiptree Capital	$	175.9	$	151.4	$	4.7	$	3.3

(1) For information relating to Invested Capital and Operating EBITDA, including a reconciliation to GAAP financials, see “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations.”

(2) Includes management and incentive fees net of operating expenses including compensation.

(3) Includes discontinued operations related to Care in 2018. For more information, see “Note— (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .”

Invested Capital

Invested Capital increased from $151.4 million as of March 31, 2018 to $175.9 million as of March 31, 2019 . On February 1, 2018, we completed the sale of Care to Invesque. We received consideration of 16.6 million shares of which 13.7 million shares are held as equity securities in Tiptree Capital, and 2.9 million shares are held in the insurance investment portfolio. In 2018,

we invested approximately $50 million into three unlevered vessels which are reported in other investments. As a result of the investments in Tiptree Capital and capital returned to shareholders in 2018 and early 2019, cash held at Tiptree corporate decreased from $48.4 million as of March 31, 2018 to $22.7 million as of March 31, 2019 .

Operating EBITDA

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , Operating EBITDA increased from $3.3 million in the 2018 period to $4.7 million in the 2019 period. The key drivers of Operating EBITDA were the same factors which impacted pre-tax income in addition to the increased depreciation on our shipping investments. See “— Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation to GAAP net income.

Corporate



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Employee compensation and benefits	$	1.8	$	1.4
Employee incentive compensation expense	2.0		2.3
Interest expense	1.6		0.6
Depreciation and amortization expenses	0.1		0.1
Other expenses	3.4		2.3
Total expenses	$	8.9	$	6.7

Results

Corporate expenses include expenses of the holding company for interest, employee compensation and benefits, and other costs. Corporate employee compensation and benefits includes the expense of management, legal and accounting staff. Other expenses primarily consisted of audit and professional fees, insurance, office rent and other related expenses.

Employee compensation and benefits, including incentive compensation expense, increased $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the 2018 period driven by employee benefit expenses. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1.6 million , an increase of $1.0 million driven by increased average borrowings and higher LIBOR. As of March 31, 2019 , the outstanding borrowings were $71.1 million compared to $28.0 million at March 31, 2018. Other expenses were $3.4 million for the 2019 period as compared to $2.3 million in 2018. The period-over-period increase was driven by increased rent expense and $0.7 million of transaction related expenses.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes - Total Operations

The total income tax expense of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and total income tax expense of $10.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is reflected as a component of net income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2019 , the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 16.6%, which does not bear a customary relationship to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate. The effective rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 is lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, primarily from the impact of the dividends received deduction and other discrete items, partially offset by state taxes and the impact of foreign operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 , the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 27.1%, which does not bear a customary relationship to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate. The effective rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21%, primarily from state taxes on the gain on sale of Care.

Provision for income taxes - Continuing Operations

The Company had a tax expense from continuing operations of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to a tax benefit from continuing operations of $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 . The effective tax rate on income from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was approximately 16.6% compared to 22.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 . Differences from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are primarily the result of the dividends received deduction offset by other discrete items.

Balance Sheet Information - as of March 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018

Tiptree’s total assets were $1.8 billion as of March 31, 2019 , compared to $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2018 . The $50.0 million decrease in assets is primarily attributable to the liquidation of loan investments within our insurance investment portfolio.

Total stockholders’ equity was $394.6 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $399.3 million as of December 31, 2018 , primarily driven by net income, which was more than offset by stock repurchases and dividends. As of March 31, 2019 there were 34,505,781 shares of Common Stock outstanding as compared to 35,870,348 as of December 31, 2018 .

The following table is a summary of certain balance sheet information:



	As of March 31, 2019
	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital		Corporate			Total
Total assets	$	1,450.8	$	320.3	$	43.8		$	1,814.9

Corporate debt	$	167.6	$	—	$	71.1		$	238.7
Asset based debt	6.8		45.7		—			52.5

Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity	$	248.8	$	175.9	$	(41.1	)	$	383.6
Non-controlling interests - Other	8.8		2.2		—			11.0
Total stockholders’ equity	$	257.6	$	178.1	$	(41.1	)	$	394.6

NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS

Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company adjusted to add (i) corporate interest expense, consolidated income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization expense, (ii) adjust for the effect of purchase accounting, (iii) adjust for non-cash fair value adjustments, and (iv) any significant non-recurring expenses. Operating EBITDA represents Adjusted EBITDA plus stock based compensation expense, less realized and unrealized gains and losses and less third party non-controlling interests. Operating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income.



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Net income (loss) attributable to Common Stockholders	$	3.9		$	23.6
Add: net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests	0.4			5.4
Less: net income from discontinued operations	—			34.5
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	4.3		$	(5.5	)
Corporate Debt related interest expense ⁽¹⁾	5.0			3.8
Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)	0.9			(1.6		)
Depreciation and amortization expense ⁽²⁾	3.0			2.8
Non-cash fair value adjustments ⁽³⁾	(0.6		)	0.1
Non-recurring expenses ⁽⁴⁾	2.0			(0.3		)
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations	$	14.6		$	(0.7	)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense	1.4			1.2
Add: Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures	0.6			—
Less: Realized and unrealized gain (loss) ⁽⁵⁾	4.0			(7.7		)
Less: Third party non-controlling interests ⁽⁶⁾	—			(0.1		)
Operating EBITDA from continuing operations	$	12.6		$	8.3

Income (loss) from discontinued operations	$	—		$	34.5
Consolidated income tax expense (benefit)	—			12.3
Non-cash fair value adjustments ⁽³⁾	—			(40.7		)
Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations	$	—		$	6.1
Less: Realized and unrealized gain (loss) ⁽⁵⁾	—			5.5
Operating EBITDA from discontinued operations	$	—		$	0.6



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$	14.6	$	5.4
Total Operating EBITDA	$	12.6	$	8.9

_______________________________



(1)	Corporate Debt interest expense includes Secured corporate credit agreements, junior subordinated notes and preferred trust securities. Interest expense associated with asset-specific debt in specialty insurance and asset management, mortgage and other operations is not added-back for Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA.
(2)	Represents total depreciation and amortization expense less purchase accounting amortization related adjustments at the Insurance Company. Following the purchase accounting adjustments, current period expenses associated with deferred costs were more favorably stated and current period income associated with deferred revenues were less favorably stated. Thus, the purchase accounting effect related to our Insurance company increased EBITDA above what the historical basis of accounting would have generated.
(3)	For our specialty insurance operations, depreciation and amortization on senior living real estate that is within net investment income is added back to Adjusted EBITDA. For Care (Discontinued Operations), the reduction in EBITDA is related to accumulated depreciation and amortization, and certain operating expenses, which were previously included in Adjusted EBITDA in prior periods.
(4)	Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs including debt extinguishment, legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs. In 2018, includes payments pursuant to a separation agreement, dated November 10, 2015.
(5)	Adjustment excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs as those are recurring in nature and align with those business models.
(6)	Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The tables below present Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA by business component.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
($ in millions)	Specialty Insurance		Tiptree Capital ⁽¹⁾			Corporate Expenses			Total
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing ops	$	8.1	$	5.9		$	(8.9	)	$	5.1
Adjustments:
Corporate Debt related interest expense ⁽²⁾	3.4		—			1.6			5.0
Depreciation and amortization expenses ⁽³⁾	2.2		0.8			0.1			3.1
Non-cash fair value adjustments ⁽⁴⁾	—		(0.6		)	—			(0.6		)
Non-recurring expenses ⁽⁵⁾	1.3		—			0.7			2.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	15.0	$	6.1		$	(6.5	)	$	14.6
Add: Stock-based compensation expense	0.6		0.1			0.7			1.4
Add: Vessel depreciation, net of capital expenditures	—		0.6			—			0.6
Less: Realized and unrealized gain (loss) ⁽⁶⁾	1.9		2.1			—			4.0
Operating EBITDA	$	13.7	$	4.7		$	(5.8	)	$	12.6



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
($ in millions)	Specialty Insurance			Tiptree Capital ⁽¹⁾			Corporate Expenses			Total
Pre-tax income/(loss) from continuing ops	$	1.3		$	(1.7	)	$	(6.7	)	$	(7.1	)
Pre-tax income/(loss) from discontinued ops	—			46.8			—			46.8
Adjustments:
Corporate Debt related interest expense ⁽²⁾	3.2			—			0.6			3.8
Depreciation and amortization expenses ⁽³⁾	2.5			0.2			0.1			2.8
Non-cash fair value adjustments ⁽⁴⁾	0.1			(40.7		)	—			(40.6		)
Non-recurring expenses ⁽⁵⁾	1.1			0.9			(2.3		)	(0.3		)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	8.2		$	5.5		$	(8.3	)	$	5.4
Add: Stock-based compensation expense	0.6			$	—		0.6			1.2
Less: Realized and unrealized gain (loss) ⁽⁶⁾	(4.5		)	2.3			—			(2.2		)
Less: Third party non-controlling interests ⁽⁷⁾	—			(0.1		)	—			(0.1		)
Operating EBITDA	$	13.3		$	3.3		$	(7.7	)	$	8.9

_______________________________

The footnotes below correspond to the tables above, under “—Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA - Non-GAAP”



(1)	Includes discontinued operations related to Care. For more information, see “Note— (3) Dispositions, Assets Held for Sale & Discontinued Operations .”
(2)	Corporate Debt interest expense includes Secured corporate credit agreements, junior subordinated notes and preferred trust securities. Interest expense associated with asset-specific debt in specialty insurance and asset management, mortgage and other operations is not added-back for Adjusted EBITDA and Operating EBITDA.
(3)	Represents total depreciation and amortization expense less purchase accounting amortization related adjustments at the Insurance Company. Following the purchase accounting adjustments, current period expenses associated with deferred costs were more favorably stated and current period income associated with deferred revenues were less favorably stated. Thus, the purchase accounting effect related to our Insurance company increased EBITDA above what the historical basis of accounting would have generated.
(4)	For our specialty insurance operations, depreciation and amortization on senior living real estate that is within net investment income is added back to Adjusted EBITDA. For Care (Discontinued Operations), the reduction in EBITDA is related to accumulated depreciation and amortization, and certain operating expenses, which were previously included in Adjusted EBITDA in prior periods.
(5)	Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs including debt extinguishment, legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs. In 2018, includes payments pursuant to a separation agreement, dated November 10, 2015.
(6)	Adjustment excludes Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses - Performing and NPLs as those are recurring in nature and align with those business models.
(7)	Removes the Operating EBITDA associated with third party non-controlling interests. Does not remove the non-controlling interests related to employee based shares.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as book value is frequently used by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis. The following table provides a reconciliation between total stockholders’ equity and total shares outstanding, net of treasury shares.



($ in millions, except per share information)	As of March 31,
	2019		2018
Total stockholders’ equity	$	394.6	$	407.7
Less non-controlling interest - other	11.0		5.4
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other	$	383.6	$	402.3
Total Common shares outstanding	34.5		29.9
Total Class B shares outstanding	—		8.0
Total shares outstanding	34.5		37.9
Book value per share ⁽¹⁾	$	11.12	$	10.59

(1) For periods prior to April 10, 2018, book value per share assumes full exchange of the limited partners units of TFP for Common Stock.

Invested & Total Capital - Non-GAAP

Invested Capital represents its total cash investment, including any re-investment of earnings, and acquisition costs, net of tax. Total Capital represents Invested Capital plus Corporate Debt.



($ in millions)	As of March 31,
	2019		2018
Total stockholders’ equity	$	394.6	$	407.7
Less non-controlling interest - other	11.0		5.4
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests - other	$	383.6	$	402.3
Plus Specialty Insurance accumulated depreciation and amortization, net of tax	44.8		37.6
Plus acquisition costs	4.2		4.2
Invested Capital	$	432.6	$	444.1
Plus corporate debt	238.7		188.0
Total Capital	$	671.3	$	632.1

Specialty Insurance - Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP

Underwriting margin is a measure of the underwriting profitability of our specialty insurance operations. It represents net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, ceding commissions and other income less policy and contract benefits and commission expense. We use the combined ratio as an insurance operating metric to evaluate our underwriting performance, both overall and relative to peers. Expressed as a percentage, it represents the relationship of policy and contract benefits, commission expense (net of ceding commissions), employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses to net earned premiums, service and administrative fees, and other income. The following table provides a reconciliation between underwriting margin and pre-tax income for the following periods:



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Revenues:	2019			2018
Net earned premiums	$	119.0		$	101.6
Service and administrative fees	25.9			24.6
Ceding commissions	2.5			2.3
Other income	0.8			0.7
Underwriting Revenues - Non-GAAP	$	148.2		$	129.2
Less underwriting expenses:
Policy and contract benefits	40.8			36.6
Commission expense	74.9			62.6
Underwriting Margin - Non-GAAP	$	32.5		$	30.0
Less operating expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	12.0			10.9
Other expenses (excluding debt extinguishment expenses)	11.1			10.8
Combined Ratio	93.5		%	93.8		%
Plus investment revenues:
Net investment income	4.3			4.2
Net realized and unrealized gains	2.1			(3.4		)
Less other expenses:
Interest expense	4.1			4.5
Debt extinguishment expenses	1.2			0.4
Depreciation and amortization expenses	2.3			2.7
Pre-tax income (loss)	$	8.1		$	1.3

Specialty Insurance Investment Portfolio - Non-GAAP

The following table provides a reconciliation between total investments and net investments for the following periods:



($ in millions)	As of March 31,
	2019		2018
Total Investments	$	401.3	$	467.2
Investment portfolio debt ⁽¹⁾	—		(96.6		)
Cash and cash equivalents	58.7		27.2
Restricted cash ⁽²⁾	1.0		3.1
Receivable due from brokers ⁽³⁾	1.4		2.9
Liability due to brokers ⁽³⁾	—		(4.2		)
Net investments - Non-GAAP	$	462.4	$	399.6

(1) Consists of asset-based financing on loans including certain credit investments, see Note— (10) Debt, net for further details.

(2) Restricted cash available to invest within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.

(3) Receivable due from and Liability due to brokers for unsettled trades within certain credit investment funds which are consolidated under GAAP.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal sources of liquidity are unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments and distributions from operating subsidiaries, including income from our investment portfolio and sales of assets and investments. We intend to use our cash resources to continue to fund our operations and grow our businesses. We may seek additional sources of cash to fund acquisitions or investments. These additional sources of cash may take the form of debt or equity and may be at the parent, subsidiary or asset level. We are a holding company and our liquidity needs are primarily for interest payments on the Fortress credit facility, compensation, professional fees, office rent and insurance costs.

Our subsidiaries’ ability to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make cash distributions will be subject to numerous business and other factors, including restrictions contained in our subsidiaries’ financing agreements, regulatory restrictions, availability of sufficient funds at such subsidiaries, general economic and business conditions, tax considerations, strategic plans, financial results and other factors such as target capital ratios and ratio levels anticipated by rating agencies to maintain or improve current ratings. We expect our cash and cash equivalents and distributions from operating subsidiaries and our subsidiaries’ access to financing to be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

As of March 31, 2019 , cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, were $88.1 million , compared to $86.0 million at

December 31, 2018 , an increase of $2.1 million .

Our mortgage business relies on short term uncommitted sources of financing as a part of their normal course of operations. To date, we have been able to obtain and renew uncommitted warehouse credit facilities. If we were not able to obtain financing, then we may need to draw on other sources of liquidity to fund our mortgage business. See Note— (10) Debt, net for additional information regarding our mortgage warehouse borrowings.

For purposes of determining enterprise value and Adjusted EBITDA, we consider corporate credit agreements and preferred trust securities, which we refer to as corporate debt, as corporate financing and associated interest expense is added back. The below table outlines this amount by debt outstanding and interest expense at the insurance company and corporate level.

Corporate Debt



($ in millions)	Corporate Debt outstanding as of March 31,				Interest expense for the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Specialty insurance	$	167.6	$	160.0	$	3.4	$	3.2
Corporate	71.1		28.0		1.6		0.6
Total	$	238.7	$	188.0	$	5.0	$	3.8

Our credit facility with Fortress carries a rate of LIBOR (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.25%), plus a margin of 5.50% per annum. We are required to make quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.0 million, subject to adjustment based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the credit agreement) at the end of each fiscal quarter. The outstanding debt under the Fortress credit agreement was $71.1 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $28.0 million as of March 31, 2018 . On May 4, 2018, we amended the Fortress credit agreement to increase the amount outstanding, while extending the maturity date to September 18, 2020 and lowering the interest rate margin from 6.50% to 5.50%.

On October 16, 2017, Fortegra completed an offering of $125 million Junior Subordinated Notes due 2057. The Junior Subordinated Notes contain customary financial covenants that require, among other items, maximum leverage and limitations on restricted payments under certain circumstances. As a result, in certain adverse circumstances, such limitations could restrict our ability to grow, or limit the dividends to the holding company to pay our obligations. Substantially all of the net proceeds from the Junior Subordinated Notes were used to repay existing indebtedness. We believe these funds will reposition Fortegra’s balance sheet, strengthen the Company’s positioning with industry rating agencies, and generate a source of long term capital. See Note (10) Debt, net for additional information of our debt and that of our subsidiaries.

Consolidated Comparison of Cash Flows



($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31,
Total cash provided by (used in):	2019			2018
Operating activities	(8.2		)	3.5
Investing activities	94.7			(21.0		)
Financing activities	(82.0		)	(32.8		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	4.5		$	(50.3	)

Cash used in operating activities was $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $3.5 million of cash provided by operating activities in the prior year period. In 2019, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included consolidated net income (excluding unrealized gains and losses), which was more than offset by increases in notes and accounts receivable and decreases in unearned premiums, deferred revenues and policy liabilities in our insurance operations. In the 2018 period, the primary sources of cash included mortgage sales outpacing originations in our loan origination business and increases in unearned premiums, reinsurance payable and policy liabilities in our insurance operations.

Cash provided by investing activities was $94.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $21.0 million of cash used in investing activities for the prior year period. During 2019, we reduced our investments in loans and used a substantial portion of the proceeds to repay asset-based debt. We also received proceeds associated with a contingent earn-out from our sale of Care. In the 2018 period, the primary uses of cash were purchases of investments exceeding proceeds from sales and maturities of investments in our insurance investment portfolio.

Cash used in financing activities was $82.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $32.8 million in

the prior year period. In 2019, we fully repaid outstanding asset-based borrowings in our credit loan fund held within our insurance investment portfolio and we repurchased $9.1 million of the Company’s common stock. In the 2018 period, the primary uses of cash from financing activities were principal paydowns on asset-based financing in our specialty insurance investment portfolio and principal paydowns exceeding new borrowings on debt facilities in our mortgage business.

Contractual Obligations

The table below summarizes consolidated contractual obligations by period for payments that are due as of March 31, 2019 :



($ in millions)	Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years		Total
Corporate Debt	$	7.6	$	71.1	$	—	$	160.0	$	238.7
Asset Based Debt	52.5		—		—		—		52.5
Total Debt	$	60.1	$	71.1	$	—	$	160.0	$	291.2
Operating lease obligations ⁽²⁾	6.1		12.7		9.0		14.8		42.6
Total	$	66.2	$	83.8	$	9.0	$	174.8	$	333.8


(1)	See Note (10) Debt, net , in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.


(2)	Minimum rental obligation for office leases. The total rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $2.3 million and $1.5 million , respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates as discussed in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently adopted and issued accounting standards see the section “ Recent Accounting Standards” in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including entering into derivative financial instruments and hedging transactions, operating leases and sponsoring and owning interests in consolidated and non-consolidated variable interest entities.

Further disclosure on our off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2019 is presented in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ” of this filing as follows:


•	Note (9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging


•	Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K described our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. There were no material changes to the assumptions or risks during the three months ended March 31, 2019 .

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Fortegra is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co. , which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In January 2015, the trial court issued an Order denying Fortegra’s motion to decertify the class, which was upheld on appeal. Following a February 2017 hearing, the court denied Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to certain disability insurance policies. In January 2018, in response to a Plaintiffs’ motion, the court vacated its November 2017 order granting Fortegra’s Motion for Summary Judgment as to the life certificates at issue with leave to refile. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.

In management’s opinion, based on information available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of Tiptree. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss.

Tiptree and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although Tiptree’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, Tiptree does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on Tiptree’s financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding factors that could affect our Company, results of operations and financial condition, see the risk factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no material change in those risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was as follows:



Period	Purchaser	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ⁽²⁾
January 1, 2019 to January 31, 2019: Open Market and Block Purchases	Tiptree Inc.	1,462,730	$	6.17	1,462,730	$	19,342,560
February 1, 2019 to February 28, 2019: Open Market Purchases	Tiptree Inc.	10,000	$	6.06	10,000	$	19,281,960
March 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—	$	19,281,960
	Total	1,472,730	$	—	1,472,730	$	—


(1)	On December 7, 2018, Tiptree engaged a broker in connection with a share repurchase program for the repurchase of up to $10 million of its outstanding Common Stock. On February 5, 2019, the Company terminated such share repurchase program as it had purchased substantial blocks of shares through privately negotiated transactions.


(2)	On December 7, 2018, the Board of Directors of Tiptree (“Board”) separately authorized Tiptree to make block repurchases of up to $10 million in the

aggregate from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise, subject to Tiptree’s Executive Committee’s discretion. In January 2019, Tiptree made several block repurchases totaling approximately $8.7 million. On January 24, 2019, the Board replenished the Executive Committee’s authorization to make block purchases back up to $10 million in the aggregate from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions, or otherwise.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules



The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-Q:

Financial Statements (Unaudited):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	F- 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	F- 5
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	F- 7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018	F- 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 9

Exhibits:
The Exhibits listed in the Index of Exhibits, which appears immediately following the signature page, is incorporated herein by reference and is filed as part of this Form 10-Q.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Tiptree Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.



		Tiptree Inc.

Date:	May 6, 2019	By:/s/ Michael Barnes
		Michael Barnes
		Executive Chairman

Date:	May 6, 2019	By:/s/ Jonathan Ilany
		Jonathan Ilany
		Chief Executive Officer

Date:	May 6, 2019	By:/s/ Sandra Bell
		Sandra Bell
		Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Strategic Combination Agreement, by and among Tiptree Inc., Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC, Tricadia Holdings, L.P., Tricadia Holdings GP, LLC, Tricadia GP Holdings LLC and Michael Barnes, dated as of February 15, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on April 22, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
10.2	Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Tricadia Holdings, L.P. and Tiptree Inc., dated as of February 15, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on April 22, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference).
31.1	Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1	Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the period ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Exhibits

10.1 Strategic Combination Agreement, by and among Tiptree Inc., Tiptree Asset Management Company, LLC, Tricadia Holdings, L.P., Tricadia Holdings GP, LLC, Tricadia GP Holdings LLC and Michael Barnes, dated as of February 15, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on April 22, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference). 10.2 Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Tricadia Holdings, L.P. and Tiptree Inc., dated as of February 15, 2019 (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on April 22, 2019 and herein incorporated by reference). 31.1 Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.2 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.3 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 32.1 Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 32.2 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 32.3 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

TIPT 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2019

Exhibits