TIPT 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2024

TIPTREE INC.

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tipt-20240930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐			Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-33549

Tiptree Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland 38-3754322

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation of Organization (IRS Employer Identification No.)

660 Steamboat Road , 2nd Floor , Greenwich , Connecticut 06830

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) Zip Code

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: ( 212 ) 446-1400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
common stock, par value $0.001 per share	TIPT	NASDAQ	Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 30, 2024, there were 37,055,838 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Tiptree Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2024

Table of Contents


ITEM						Page Number
PART I. Financial Information						F- 1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)						F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023						F- 3
C ondensed C onsolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023						F- 4
C ondensed C onsolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023						F- 5
C ondensed C onsolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023						F- 6
C ondensed C onsolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023						F- 8
Notes to C ondensed C onsolidated Financial Statements						F- 9
(1) Organization						F- 9
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies						F- 9
(3) Acquisitions						F- 10

(4) Operating Segment Data						F- 10
(5) Investments						F- 13
(6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net						F- 19
(7) Reinsurance Recoverable and Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums						F- 20
(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net						F- 23
(9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging						F- 24
(10) Debt, net						F- 25
(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments						F- 27
(12) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses						F- 33
(13) Revenue from Contracts with Customers						F- 34
(14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses						F- 35
(15) Other Revenue and Other Expenses						F- 36
(16) Stockholders’ Equity						F- 37
(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						F- 39
(18) Stock Based Compensation						F- 40
(19) Income Taxes						F- 43
(20) Commitments and Contingencies						F- 44
(21) Earnings Per Share						F- 45
(22) Related Party Transactions						F- 45
(23) Subsequent Events						F- 46
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						47
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						73
Item 4. Controls and Procedures						73

PART II. Other Information						74
Item 1. Legal Proceedings						74
Item 1A. Risk Factors						74
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds						74
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities						74
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures						74
Item 5. Other Information						74
Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules						75
Signatures						76

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information included and incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the information included and incorporated by reference herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations, our strategic plans and objectives, and government legislation. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other public filings with the SEC.

The factors described herein are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could affect our forward-looking statements. Consequently, our actual performance could be materially different from the results described or anticipated by our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by the applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Market and Industry Data

Certain market data and industry data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were obtained from reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. We believe the data from third-party sources to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of the industry, but have not independently verified such data and as such, make no guarantees as to its accuracy, completeness or timeliness.

Note to Reader

In reading this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to:

“AM Best” means AM Best Company, Inc.

“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

“EBITDAR” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, and restructuring or rent costs.

“E&S” means excess and surplus.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Fannie Mae” means Federal National Mortgage Association.

“Fortegra” or “The Fortegra Group” means The Fortegra Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

“Fortegra Additional Warrants” means the additional warrants issued to Warburg and Tiptree Holdings to acquire Fortegra Common Stock.

“Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg)” means the Fortegra Additional Warrants issued to Warburg.

“Fortegra Common Stock” means the common stock of Fortegra.

“Fortegra Plan” means the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan of Fortegra.

“Fortegra Preferred Stock” means the 5,333,333 shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Fortegra issued to Warburg.

“Fortegra Warrants” means the warrants to purchase shares of Fortegra Common Stock.

“Freddie Mac” means Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation.

“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

“Ginnie Mae” means Government National Mortgage Association.

“GSE” means government-sponsored enterprise.

“Invesque” means Invesque Inc.

“NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

“Premia” means Premia Solutions Limited.

“Reliance” means Reliance First Capital, LLC.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

F - 1

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“SOFR” means the Secured Overnight Financing Rate.

“Tiptree”, the “Company”, “we”, “its”, “us” and “our” means, unless otherwise indicated by the context, Tiptree Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

“Tiptree Advisors” means collectively: Tiptree Advisors Holdings, L.P., Tiptree Advisors, LLC, Tiptree GP Holdings, LLC and Tiptree Holdings GP, LLC.

“Tiptree Holdings” means Tiptree Holdings LLC.

“Transition Services Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Tiptree Advisors and Tiptree Inc., effective as of January 1, 2019.

“Warburg” means WP Falcon Aggregator, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership affiliated with funds advised or managed by Warburg Pincus LLC.

“WP Transaction” means the $200 million strategic investment in Fortegra by Warburg.

F - 2

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Assets:
Investments:
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	1,010,067	$	802,609
Loans, at fair value	81,816		69,556
Equity securities	95,330		68,308
Other investments	59,250		111,088
Total investments	1,246,463		1,051,561
Cash and cash equivalents	396,187		468,711
Restricted cash	108,183		23,850
Notes and accounts receivable, net	789,624		684,608
Reinsurance recoverable	932,656		953,886
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	978,149		900,524
Deferred acquisition costs	570,923		565,746
Goodwill	208,565		206,155
Intangible assets, net	108,482		118,757
Other assets	166,501		165,515

Total assets	$	5,505,733	$	5,139,313

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Debt, net	$	388,523	$	402,411
Unearned premiums	1,709,966		1,695,058
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims	1,192,857		844,848
Deferred revenue	692,389		673,085
Reinsurance payable	458,610		543,602
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	407,188		403,744

Total liabilities	$	4,849,533	$	4,562,748

Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock: $ 0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	$	—	$	—
Common stock: $ 0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 36,789,571 and 36,756,187 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	37		37
Additional paid-in capital	389,275		382,239
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	( 15,171 )		( 26,073 )
Retained earnings	87,805		60,663
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity	461,946		416,866
Non-controlling interests:
Fortegra preferred interests	77,679		77,679
Common interests	116,575		82,020
Total non-controlling interests	194,254		159,699
Total stockholders’ equity	656,200		576,565
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	5,505,733	$	5,139,313

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-3

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	359,496	$	291,293	$	1,105,273	$	826,418
Service and administrative fees	95,362		100,146		311,696		290,291
Ceding commissions	3,716		2,440		11,525		10,761
Net investment income	9,111		5,416		22,250		19,613
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	8,316		1,457		36,518		12,459
Other revenue	18,361		15,762		51,994		43,115
Total revenues	494,362		416,514		1,539,256		1,202,657
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits	203,442		153,966		645,081		443,375
Commission expense	154,005		153,744		484,232		442,893
Employee compensation and benefits	52,335		45,663		151,438		130,844
Interest expense	7,614		6,716		23,919		20,225
Depreciation and amortization	5,395		6,347		16,254		17,475
Other expenses	34,790		28,937		111,206		94,857
Total expenses	457,581		395,373		1,432,130		1,149,669
Income (loss) before taxes	36,781		21,141		107,126		52,988
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes	16,308		12,273		48,799		29,119
Net income (loss)	20,473		8,868		58,327		23,869
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	8,558		6,715		24,511		16,789
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	11,915	$	2,153	$	33,816	$	7,080

Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.32	$	0.06	$	0.91	$	0.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.29	$	0.04	$	0.83	$	0.18

Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	36,789,571		36,749,199		36,781,408		36,672,120
Diluted	37,818,491		37,684,131		37,784,637		37,569,405

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.06	$	0.05	$	0.18	$	0.15

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-4

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income (loss)	$	20,473	$	8,868	$	58,327	$	23,869

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities	21,682		( 9,990 )		16,065		( 4,065 )
Change in unrealized currency translation adjustments	6,332		( 4,234 )		5,241		1,398
Related (provision) benefit for income taxes	( 8,990 )		4,412		( 6,640 )		1,174
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	19,024		( 9,812 )		14,666		( 1,493 )
Comprehensive income (loss)	39,497		( 944 )		72,993		22,376
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	13,537		4,254		28,275		16,444
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	25,960	$	( 5,198 )	$	44,718	$	5,932

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-5

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)


	Common stock											Non-controlling interests
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Fortegra preferred interests		Common interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	36,756,187	$	37	$	382,239	$	( 26,073 )	$	60,663	$	416,866	$	77,679	$	82,020	$	576,565

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		6,983		—		—		6,983		—		2,524		9,507
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	33,384	—		53		—		—		53		—		( 752 )		( 699 )





Non-controlling interest contributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		9,956		9,956

Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		( 644 )		( 644 )

Common stock dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 6,674 )		( 6,674 )		—		—		( 6,674 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		10,902		—		10,902		—		3,764		14,666
Subsidiary preferred dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 4,804 )		( 4,804 )		—		—		( 4,804 )
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		38,620		38,620		—		19,707		58,327
Balance at September 30, 2024	36,789,571	$	37	$	389,275	$	( 15,171 )	$	87,805	$	461,946	$	77,679	$	116,575	$	656,200


	Common stock											Non-controlling interests
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Fortegra preferred interests		Common interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at June 30, 2024	36,785,305	$	37	$	387,513	$	( 29,216 )	$	78,115	$	436,449	$	77,679	$	103,941	$	618,069

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		1,693		—		—		1,693		—		839		2,532
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	4,266	—		69		—		—		69		—		( 130 )		( 61 )









Common stock dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 2,225 )		( 2,225 )		—		—		( 2,225 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		14,045		—		14,045		—		4,979		19,024
Subsidiary preferred dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 1,612 )		( 1,612 )		—		—		( 1,612 )
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		13,527		13,527		—		6,946		20,473
Balance at September 30, 2024	36,789,571	$	37	$	389,275	$	( 15,171 )	$	87,805	$	461,946	$	77,679	$	116,575	$	656,200

F-6

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)


	Common stock											Non-controlling interests
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Fortegra preferred interests		Common interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	36,385,299	$	36	$	382,645	$	( 39,429 )	$	54,113	$	397,365	$	77,679	$	58,529	$	533,573

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		4,711		—		—		4,711		—		1,155		5,866
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	309,462	1		( 350 )		—		—		( 349 )		—		( 470 )		( 819 )


Shares issued upon exercise of options	55,007	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—



Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—		( 1,751 )		—		—		( 1,751 )		—		( 3,174 )		( 4,925 )

Net change in non-controlling interests and other	—	—		( 4,267 )		—		—		( 4,267 )		—		2,106		( 2,161 )
Common stock dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 5,550 )		( 5,550 )		—		—		( 5,550 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		( 1,148 )		—		( 1,148 )		—		( 345 )		( 1,493 )
Subsidiary preferred dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 4,787 )		( 4,787 )		—		—		( 4,787 )
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		11,867		11,867		—		12,002		23,869
Balance at September 30, 2023	36,749,768	$	37	$	380,988	$	( 40,577 )	$	55,643	$	396,091	$	77,679	$	69,803	$	543,573


	Common stock											Non-controlling interests
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Fortegra preferred interests		Common interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at June 30, 2023	36,742,295	$	37	$	379,741	$	( 33,226 )	$	55,340	$	401,892	$	77,679	$	66,497	$	546,068

Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		1,135		—		—		1,135		—		665		1,800
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	7,473	—		112		—		—		112		—		—		112









Common stock dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 1,850 )		( 1,850 )		—		—		( 1,850 )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		( 7,351 )		—		( 7,351 )		—		( 2,461 )		( 9,812 )
Subsidiary preferred dividends declared	—	—		—		—		( 1,613 )		( 1,613 )		—		—		( 1,613 )
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		3,766		3,766		—		5,102		8,868
Balance at September 30, 2023	36,749,768	$	37	$	380,988	$	( 40,577 )	$	55,643	$	396,091	$	77,679	$	69,803	$	543,573

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-7

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	33,816	$	7,080
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	24,511		16,789
Net income (loss)	58,327		23,869
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses	( 36,518 )		( 12,459 )

Non-cash compensation expense	13,220		5,955
Amortization/accretion of premiums and discounts	( 4,416 )		( 5,272 )
Depreciation and amortization expense	16,254		17,475
Non-cash lease expense	5,875		6,003
Deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes	41,695		26,761
Amortization of deferred financing costs	907		825
Change in fair value of liability classified warrants	6,018		( 2,611 )

Other	453		126
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Mortgage loans originated for sale	( 693,056 )		( 663,669 )
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans originated for sale	710,605		676,866
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable	( 101,126 )		( 142,020 )
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance recoverable	21,230		( 291,412 )
(Increase) decrease in prepaid reinsurance premiums	( 77,625 )		( 168,802 )
(Increase) decrease in deferred acquisition costs	( 5,177 )		( 38,936 )
(Increase) decrease in other assets	( 1,971 )		24,664
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums	14,908		249,586
Increase (decrease) in policy liabilities and unpaid claims	348,009		246,021
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	19,304		19,732
Increase (decrease) in reinsurance payable	( 84,992 )		166,144
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and accrued expenses	( 81,125 )		( 45,280 )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	170,799		93,566
Investing Activities:
Purchases of investments	( 614,279 )		( 1,030,746 )
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	477,843		930,041

Purchases of property, plant and equipment	( 2,229 )		( 12,503 )

Proceeds from notes receivable	74,867		94,749
Issuance of notes receivable	( 82,400 )		( 106,536 )
Business and asset acquisitions, net of cash and deposits	—		( 19,726 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	( 146,198 )		( 144,721 )
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid	( 11,566 )		( 10,284 )

Net non-controlling interest (redemptions) contributions and other	8,381		( 13,563 )





Payment of debt issuance costs	( 144 )		( 366 )
Proceeds from borrowings and mortgage notes payable	773,990		1,083,558
Principal paydowns of borrowings and mortgage notes payable	( 788,641 )		( 1,019,740 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	( 17,980 )		39,605
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	5,188		( 1,935 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	11,809		( 13,485 )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period	492,561		550,847



Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period	$	504,370	$	537,362





Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Right of use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability	$	1,923	$	3,115





	As of
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$	396,187	$	468,711
Restricted cash	108,183		23,850
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	504,370	$	492,561

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-8

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(1) Organization

Tiptree Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, Tiptree, the Company, or we) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”. Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. We classify our business into two reportable segments: Insurance and Mortgage. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our Mortgage reportable segment and our non-reportable segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital.

As of September 30, 2024, Fortegra was owned approximately 79.3 % by Tiptree Holdings, 17.7 % by Warburg and 3.0 % by management and directors of Fortegra, before giving effect to the exercise of outstanding warrants and management options, and the conversion of outstanding preferred stock. See Note (16) Stockholders' Equity for additional information.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Tiptree have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the main operating currency of the Company. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial information reflects all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending on December 31, 2024.

Non-controlling interests (NCI) on the condensed consolidated balance sheets represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than Tiptree. Accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no accounting standards adopted by the Company.

F-9

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted


Accounting Standard Update	Description	Adoption Date	Impact on Financial Statements

2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and 2022-06 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848	The amendments in these updates provide optional guidance for a limited period to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform if certain criteria are met.	The standard is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2024.	The Company is evaluating its option to adopt the guidance when it is applicable.
2023-07 (Topic 280) Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (ASU 2023-07), which requires an enhanced disclosure of significant segment expenses on an annual and interim basis. This guidance will be effective for the annual periods beginning the year ended December 31, 2024, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.	The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023.	The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	The amendments in this update enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Investors, lenders, creditors, and other allocators of capital (collectively, “investors”) indicated that the existing income tax disclosures should be enhanced to provide information to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. Investors currently rely on the rate reconciliation table and other disclosures, including total income taxes paid, to evaluate income tax risks and opportunities. While investors find these disclosures helpful, they suggested possible enhancements to better (1) understand an entity’s exposure to potential changes in jurisdictional tax legislation and the ensuing risks and opportunities, (2) assess income tax information that affects cash flow forecasts and capital allocation decisions, and (3) identify potential opportunities to increase future cash flows.	The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.	The Company expects to adopt this guidance, when required, which will enhance our income tax disclosures.

(3) Acquisitions

Acquisition of Premia Solutions Limited

On February 6, 2023, a subsidiary of Fortegra acquired a majority of the equity interests in Premia for total cash consideration of approximately $ 19,726 , net of cash acquired of $ 3,873 . Premia is an intermediate provider of automotive protection products in the United Kingdom.

Identifiable assets acquired were primarily made up of goodwill and intangible assets. Management’s allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired resulted in the recording of goodwill and intangible assets of $ 18,359 and $ 18,152 , respectively. See Note (8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net.

(4) Operating Segment Data

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Tiptree’s principal operating subsidiary, Fortegra, is a leading provider of specialty insurance, service contract products and related service solutions. Based on the quantitative analysis performed related to Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 280, Segment Reporting, our reportable segments are Insurance and Mortgage. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, comprised of our Mortgage reportable segment and our non-reportable operating segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.

Our reportable segments’ income or loss is reported before income taxes and non-controlling interests. Segment results incorporate the revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries since they commenced operations or were acquired. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.

F-10

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Descriptions of our Insurance reportable segment and Tiptree Capital, including our Mortgage reportable segment, are as follows:

Insurance operations are conducted through Fortegra, which is a leading provider of specialty insurance products and related services. Fortegra designs, markets and underwrites specialty property and casualty insurance products incorporating value-added coverages and services for select target markets or niches. Fortegra’s products and services include niche commercial and personal lines, service contracts, and other insurance services.

Tiptree Capital:

Mortgage operations are conducted through Reliance. The Company’s mortgage business originates loans for sale to institutional investors, including GSEs and FHA/VA and services loans on behalf of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae.

Other includes our remaining maritime shipping operations, asset management and other investments.

The tables below present the components of revenue, expense, income (loss) before taxes, and assets for our reportable segments as well as Tiptree Capital - Other for the following periods:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	481,013	$	14,892	$	( 1,543 )	$	494,362
Total expenses	( 433,804 )		( 14,981 )		( 1,060 )		( 449,845 )
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		( 7,736 )
Income (loss) before taxes	$	47,209	$	( 89 )	$	( 2,603 )	$	36,781
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							16,308
Net income (loss)							$	20,473
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							8,558
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	11,915



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	406,779	$	14,718	$	( 4,983 )	$	416,514
Total expenses	( 371,057 )		( 14,359 )		( 1,511 )		( 386,927 )
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		( 8,446 )
Income (loss) before taxes	$	35,722	$	359	$	( 6,494 )	$	21,141
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							12,273
Net income (loss)							$	8,868
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							6,715
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	2,153


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	1,489,711	$	46,666	$	2,879	$	1,539,256
Total expenses	( 1,354,441 )		( 45,474 )		( 2,277 )		( 1,402,192 )
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		( 29,938 )
Income (loss) before taxes	$	135,270	$	1,192	$	602	$	107,126
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							48,799

Net income (loss)							$	58,327
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							24,511
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	33,816

F-11

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	1,159,900	$	43,346	$	( 589 )	$	1,202,657
Total expenses	( 1,074,316 )		( 44,240 )		( 3,008 )		( 1,121,564 )
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		( 28,105 )
Income (loss) before taxes	$	85,584	$	( 894 )	$	( 3,597 )	$	52,988
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							29,119
Net income (loss)							$	23,869
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							16,789
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	7,080

The Company conducts its operations primarily in the U.S. with 4.4 % and 6.1 % of total revenues generated overseas for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 4.6 % and 5.7 % for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The following table presents the reportable segments, Tiptree Capital - Other and Corporate assets for the following periods:


	As of September 30, 2024										As of December 31, 2023
			Tiptree Capital										Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total		Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total
Total assets	$	5,235,340	$	189,952	$	57,739	$	22,702	$	5,505,733	$	4,835,685	$	160,147	$	126,624	$	16,857	$	5,139,313

F-12

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(5) Investments

The following table presents the Company’s investments related to insurance operations and other Tiptree investing activities, measured at fair value as of the following periods:


	As of September 30, 2024
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	978,979	$	—	$	31,088	$	1,010,067
Loans, at fair value	8,976		72,840		—		81,816
Equity securities	90,999		—		4,331		95,330
Other investments	55,137		3,717		396		59,250
Total investments	$	1,134,091	$	76,557	$	35,815	$	1,246,463


	As of December 31, 2023
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	772,135	$	—	$	30,474	$	802,609
Loans, at fair value	11,218		58,338		—		69,556
Equity securities	27,113		—		41,195		68,308
Other investments	106,760		3,931		397		111,088
Total investments	$	917,226	$	62,269	$	72,066	$	1,051,561

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

A majority of the Company’s investments in Available for Sale Securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses (AFS securities) as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are held by subsidiaries in the insurance segment. The following tables present the Company’s investments in AFS securities:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Amortized cost		Allowance for credit losses (1)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	454,042	$	—	$	1,791	$	( 20,745 )	$	435,088
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	43,886		( 1 )		66		( 2,414 )		41,537
Corporate securities	507,055		( 478 )		6,714		( 6,103 )		507,188
Asset backed securities	26,298		( 131 )		2		( 2,349 )		23,820
Certificates of deposit	1,145		—		—		—		1,145
Obligations of foreign governments	1,393		—		—		( 104 )		1,289
Total	$	1,033,819	$	( 610 )	$	8,573	$	( 31,715 )	$	1,010,067


	As of December 31, 2023
	Amortized cost		Allowance for credit losses (1)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	496,731	$	—	$	515	$	( 27,161 )	$	470,085
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	48,762		( 1 )		51		( 3,353 )		45,459
Corporate securities	260,961		( 73 )		2,445		( 8,735 )		254,598
Asset backed securities	29,275		( 10 )		3		( 3,082 )		26,186
Certificates of deposit	1,724		—		—		—		1,724
Obligations of foreign governments	4,705		—		—		( 148 )		4,557

F-13

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


Total			$	842,158					$	( 84 )					$	3,014					$	( 42,479 )					$	802,609

(1) Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) as a credit loss on AFS securities. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

The amortized cost and fair values of AFS securities, by contractual maturity date, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	As of
	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amortized cost		Fair value		Amortized cost		Fair value
Due in one year or less	$	258,395	$	258,260	$	247,613	$	246,489
Due after one year through five years	381,211		377,227		318,763		307,423
Due after five years through ten years	139,225		126,312		46,377		39,221
Due after ten years	228,690		224,448		200,130		183,290
Asset backed securities	26,298		23,820		29,275		26,186
Total	$	1,033,819	$	1,010,067	$	842,158	$	802,609

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on AFS securities by length of time that individual AFS securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months, and twelve months or greater and do not have an allowance for credit losses:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Less Than or Equal to One Year					More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities (1)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities (1)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	24,763	$	( 376 )	513	$	190,130	$	( 20,369 )	584
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	2,296		( 16 )		130	34,491		( 2,398 )		105
Corporate securities	140,907		( 1,137 )		482	106,354		( 4,966 )		396
Asset backed securities	—		—		—	23,009		( 2,349 )		133

Obligations of foreign governments	—		—		6	1,289		( 104 )		6
Total	$	167,966	$	( 1,529 )	1,131	$	355,273	$	( 30,186 )	1,224


	As of December 31, 2023
	Less Than or Equal to One Year					More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities (1)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities (1)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	109,011	$	( 6,522 )	459	$	185,950	$	( 20,639 )	480
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	537		( 53 )		43	39,319		( 3,300 )		131
Corporate securities	83,747		( 4,881 )		868	57,679		( 3,854 )		148
Asset backed securities	2,187		( 259 )		54	23,999		( 2,823 )		129

Obligations of foreign governments	2,904		—		3	1,653		( 148 )		7
Total	$	198,386	$	( 11,715 )	1,427	$	308,600	$	( 30,764 )	895

(1) Presented in whole numbers.

Management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to hold the fixed maturity AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024 until full recovery of their amortized cost basis.

F-14

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The table below presents a roll-forward of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities by type as of September 30, 2024:


	Obligations of state and political subdivisions		Corporate securities		Asset backed securities		Obligations of foreign governments		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	( 3 )	$	( 183 )	$	( 1 )	$	( 3 )	$	( 190 )
(Increase) in allowance for credit losses	—		( 287 )		( 14 )		—		( 301 )

Gains from recoveries of amounts previously written off	2		139		1		3		145
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	( 1 )	$	( 331 )	$	( 14 )	$	—	$	( 346 )

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	( 1 )	$	( 73 )	$	( 10 )	$	—	$	( 84 )
(Increase) in allowance for credit losses	—		( 47 )		( 122 )		—		( 169 )
Additions for AFS securities purchased with credit deterioration during the year	—		( 380 )		—		—		( 380 )
Reduction in credit losses due to AFS securities sold during the year	—		2		—		—		2

Gains from recoveries of amounts previously written off	—		20		1		—		21
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	( 1 )	$	( 478 )	$	( 131 )	$	—	$	( 610 )

The Company applies a discounted cash flow model, based on assumptions and model outputs provided by an investment management company, in determining its lifetime expected credit losses on AFS securities. This includes determining the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the book yield of the security.

The table below presents the amount of gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities recorded by the Company for the following period:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities	$	316	$	( 50 )	$	( 526 )	$	( 156 )

Pursuant to certain reinsurance agreements and statutory licensing requirements, the Company has deposited invested assets in custody accounts or insurance department safekeeping accounts. The Company cannot remove or replace investments in regulatory deposit accounts without prior approval of the contractual party or regulatory authority, as applicable. The following table presents the Company’s restricted investments included in the Company’s AFS securities:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Fair value of restricted investments in trust pursuant to reinsurance agreements	$	14,844	$	49,735
Fair value of restricted investments for special deposits required by state insurance departments	30,234		16,694
Total fair value of restricted investments	$	45,078	$	66,429

The following table presents additional information on the Company’s AFS securities:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,

	2024		2023		2024		2023
Purchases of AFS securities	$	182,430	$	146,512	$	471,202	$	449,165

Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of AFS securities	$	21,911	$	231,101	$	263,990	$	319,100



Gross proceeds from sales of AFS securities	$	4,425	$	2,578	$	24,264	$	42,536

The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales and redemptions of AFS securities:

F-15

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross realized gains	$	220	$	80	$	360	$	80
Gross realized (losses)	( 277 )		( 78 )		( 510 )		( 3,034 )
Total net realized gains (losses) from investment sales and redemptions	$	( 57 )	$	2	$	( 150 )	$	( 2,954 )

F-16

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Loans, at fair value

The following table presents the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value and the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value pledged as collateral:


	As of September 30, 2024								As of December 31, 2023
	Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB		Pledged as collateral		Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB		Pledged as collateral
Insurance:
Corporate loans (1)	$	8,976	$	12,676	$	( 3,700 )	$	—	$	11,218	$	14,671	$	( 3,453 )	$	—

Mortgage:
Mortgage loans held for sale (2)	72,840		71,086		1,754		71,906		58,338		56,481		1,857		57,248
Total loans, at fair value	$	81,816	$	83,762	$	( 1,946 )	$	71,906	$	69,556	$	71,152	$	( 1,596 )	$	57,248

(1) The cost basis of Corporate loans was approximately $ 12,676 and $ 14,671 at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(2) As of September 30, 2024, there were three mortgage loans held for sale that were 90 days or more past due. As of December 31, 2023, there were three mortgage loans held for sale that were 90 days or more past due.

Equity Securities

Equity securities consist mainly of publicly traded common and preferred stocks and exchange traded funds. As of December 31, 2023, 16.98 million shares of Invesque were included within the equity securities balance, for which the Company elected to apply the fair value option. On April 15, 2024, the Company sold its 16.98 million shares of Invesque for $ 625 of proceeds resulting in a realized loss of $ 134,204 . The following table presents information on the cost and fair value of the Company’s equity securities related to Insurance and Tiptree Capital as of the following periods:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Insurance				Tiptree Capital - Other				Total
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value

Exchange traded funds	$	5,387	$	5,336	$	—	$	—	$	5,387	$	5,336
Other equity securities	75,607		85,663		4,967		4,331		80,574		89,994
Total equity securities	$	80,994	$	90,999	$	4,967	$	4,331	$	85,961	$	95,330


	As of December 31, 2023
	Insurance				Tiptree Capital - Other				Total
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Invesque	$	23,339	$	719	$	111,490	$	3,442	$	134,829	$	4,161
Exchange traded funds	1,339		1,349		—		—		1,339		1,349
Other equity securities	22,741		25,045		29,942		37,753		52,683		62,798
Total equity securities	$	47,419	$	27,113	$	141,432	$	41,195	$	188,851	$	68,308

Other Investments

The following table contains information regarding the Company’s other investments as of the following periods:


	As of September 30, 2024
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Corporate bonds, at fair value (1)	$	9,560	$	—	$	—	$	9,560

Debentures	25,754		—		—		25,754

Investment in credit fund	19,823		—		—		19,823
Other	—		3,717		396		4,113
Total other investments	$	55,137	$	3,717	$	396	$	59,250

F-17

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	As of December 31, 2023
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Corporate bonds, at fair value (1)	$	62,081	$	—	$	—	$	62,081

Debentures	25,648		—		—		25,648
Investment in credit fund	11,830		—		—		11,830
Other	7,201		3,931		397		11,529
Total other investments	$	106,760	$	3,931	$	397	$	111,088

(1) The cost basis of corporate bonds was $ 8,927 and $ 59,315 as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Net Investment Income - Insurance

Net investment income represents investment income and expense from investments related to insurance operations as disclosed within net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the components of net investment income by source of income:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest:
AFS securities	$	8,431	$	5,255	$	21,894	$	16,863
Loans, at fair value	22		168		77		422
Other investments	2,035		1,758		5,157		5,837
Dividends from equity securities	412		39		684		1,339

Subtotal	10,900		7,220		27,812		24,461
Less: investment expenses	1,789		1,804		5,562		4,848
Net investment income	$	9,111	$	5,416	$	22,250	$	19,613

Other Investment Income - Tiptree Capital

Other investment income represents revenue from non-insurance activities as disclosed within other revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, see Note (15) Other Revenue and Other Expenses. The following tables present the components of other investment income by type:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Interest income from Loans, at fair value	$	1,061	$	826	$	2,819	$	2,213

Loan fee income	4,877		4,193		14,017		12,186
Other	947		1,072		2,553		2,458
Other investment income	$	6,885	$	6,091	$	19,389	$	16,857

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses)

The following table presents the components of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities are included within other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI), net of tax, and, as such, are not included in this table. Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on non-investment related financial assets and liabilities are included below:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net realized gains (losses)
Insurance:
Reclass of unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities from OCI	$	( 58 )	$	2	$	( 151 )	$	( 2,954 )
Net gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities	—		( 50 )		—		( 156 )

F-18

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


Net realized gains (losses) on loans	—		( 2,902 )		58		( 2,900 )
Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities (1)	20		( 1,076 )		( 22,023 )		( 1,923 )
Net realized gains (losses) on corporate bonds	70		( 695 )		2,870		( 1,919 )
Other	89		1,089		( 872 )		335
Tiptree Capital
Mortgage:
Net realized gains (losses) on loans	13,553		8,848		35,305		29,680
Other	( 1,048 )		1,971		( 1,294 )		2,107
Other:


Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities (1)	—		—		( 98,529 )		—

Total net realized gains (losses)	$	12,626	$	7,187	$	( 84,636 )	$	22,270

Net unrealized gains (losses)
Insurance:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	$	( 123 )	$	2,563	$	( 247 )	$	( 1,510 )
Net gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities	316		—		( 526 )		—
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	1,287		( 3,844 )		7,436		( 2,537 )


Reclass of unrealized (gains) losses from prior periods for equity securities sold (1)	—		410		22,567		( 7 )
Other	617		2,887		( 1,530 )		2,969
Tiptree Capital
Mortgage:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	332		( 287 )		( 103 )		( 476 )
Other	( 3,975 )		( 834 )		( 4,246 )		( 2,365 )
Other:

Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	( 965 )		( 6,624 )		( 687 )		( 5,561 )
Reclass of unrealized (gains) losses from prior periods for equity securities sold (1)	—		—		100,289		—
Other	( 1,799 )		( 1 )		( 1,799 )		( 324 )
Total net unrealized gains (losses)	( 4,310 )		( 5,730 )		121,154		( 9,811 )
Total net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	8,316	$	1,457	$	36,518	$	12,459

(1) On April 15, 2024, the Company sold its 16.98 million shares of Invesque for $ 625 of proceeds resulting in a realized loss of $ 134,204 .

(6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the total notes and accounts receivable, net:




	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accounts and premiums receivable, net	$	351,060	$	260,383
Retrospective commissions receivable	284,822		265,918
Notes receivable, net	138,890		134,131

Other receivables	14,852		24,176
Total notes and accounts receivable, net	$	789,624	$	684,608

The following table presents the total valuation allowance and bad debt expense for the following periods:

F-19

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	Valuation allowance				Bad Debt Expense


	As of				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program (1)	$	28	$	46	$	33	$	17	$	118	$	101

Accounts and premiums receivable, net	$	594	$	66	$	8	$	2	$	333	$	14

(1) As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were $ 18 and $ 219 in balances classified as 90 days plus past due, respectively.

(7) Reinsurance Recoverable and Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums

The following table presents the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by our insurance business for the following periods:


	Direct Amount		Ceded to Other Companies		Assumed from Other Companies		Net Amount		Percentage of Amount - Assumed to Net
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	19,149	$	9,621	$	16	$	9,544	0.2	%
Accident and health insurance	34,333		22,344		84		12,073		0.7	%
Property and liability insurance	519,565		259,803		107,894		367,656		29.3	%
Total premiums written	$	573,047	$	291,768	$	107,994	$	389,273	27.7	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	20,056	$	10,176	$	55	$	9,935	0.6	%
Accident and health insurance	33,974		21,850		55		12,179		0.5	%
Property and liability insurance	454,793		246,820		129,409		337,382		38.4	%
Total premiums earned	$	508,823	$	278,846	$	129,519	$	359,496	36.0	%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	22,161	$	11,207	$	70	$	11,024	0.6	%
Accident and health insurance	36,070		24,961		( 5,773 )		5,336		( 108.2 )	%
Property and liability insurance	463,891		227,785		81,455		317,561		25.7	%
Total premiums written	$	522,122	$	263,953	$	75,752	$	333,921	22.7	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	20,585	$	10,186	$	63	$	10,462	0.6	%
Accident and health insurance	34,688		24,071		( 5,765 )		4,852		( 118.8 )	%
Property and liability insurance	366,462		174,801		84,318		275,979		30.6	%
Total premiums earned	$	421,735	$	209,058	$	78,616	$	291,293	27.0	%

F-20

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	Direct Amount		Ceded to Other Companies		Assumed from Other Companies		Net Amount		Percentage of Amount - Assumed to Net
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	55,579	$	27,902	$	260	$	27,937	0.9	%
Accident and health insurance	93,004		62,093		10,192		41,103		24.8	%
Property and liability insurance	1,455,323		769,268		318,226		1,004,281		31.7	%
Total premiums written	$	1,603,906	$	859,263	$	328,678	$	1,073,321	30.6	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	60,623	$	30,751	$	322	$	30,194	1.1	%
Accident and health insurance	100,331		66,142		10,152		44,341		22.9	%
Property and liability insurance	1,305,534		694,946		420,150		1,030,738		40.8	%
Total premiums earned	$	1,466,488	$	791,839	$	430,624	$	1,105,273	39.0	%




Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	59,625	$	30,389	$	187	$	29,423	0.6	%
Accident and health insurance	93,840		63,978		6,119		35,981		17.0	%
Property and liability insurance	1,294,903		714,195		289,527		870,235		33.3	%
Total premiums written	$	1,448,368	$	808,562	$	295,833	$	935,639	31.6	%

Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	61,662	$	30,676	$	215	$	31,201	0.7	%
Accident and health insurance	102,407		70,024		6,153		38,536		16.0	%
Property and liability insurance	1,013,832		550,089		292,938		756,681		38.7	%
Total premiums earned	$	1,177,901	$	650,789	$	299,306	$	826,418	36.2	%

The following table presents the components of policy and contract benefits, including the effect of reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) incurred:


	Direct Amount		Ceded to Other Companies		Assumed from Other Companies		Net Amount		Percentage of Amount - Assumed to Net
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	10,251	$	6,078	$	5	$	4,178	0.1	%
Accident and health insurance	6,463		5,060		550		1,953		28.2	%
Property and liability insurance	218,525		134,038		85,314		169,801		50.2	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	$	235,239	$	145,176	$	85,869	$	175,932	48.8	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						27,510
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	203,442
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	11,386	$	6,014	$	26	$	5,398	0.5	%
Accident and health insurance	8,259		6,796		( 253 )		1,210		( 20.9 )	%
Property and liability insurance	186,371		124,492		56,636		118,515		47.8	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	$	206,016	$	137,302	$	56,409	$	125,123	45.1	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						28,843
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	153,966

F-21

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	32,746	$	18,308	$	( 16 )	$	14,422	( 0.1 )	%
Accident and health insurance	17,355		12,027		11,035		16,363		67.4	%
Property and liability insurance	648,751		376,720		253,755		525,786		48.3	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	$	698,852	$	407,055	$	264,774	$	556,571	47.6	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						88,510
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	645,081
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	35,969	$	19,436	$	82	$	16,615	0.5	%
Accident and health insurance	21,001		16,391		5,560		10,170		54.7	%
Property and liability insurance	464,299		314,394		177,787		327,692		54.3	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	$	521,269	$	350,221	$	183,429	$	354,477	51.7	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						88,898
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	443,375

(1) Member benefit claims are not covered by reinsurance.

The following table presents the components of the reinsurance recoverable:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Ceded claim reserves:
Life insurance	$	4,131	$	4,733
Accident and health insurance	24,136		22,660
Property and liability insurance	553,658		420,894
Total ceded claim reserves recoverable	581,925		448,287
Other reinsurance settlements recoverable	350,731		505,599
Total reinsurance recoverable	$	932,656	$	953,886

The following table presents the components of prepaid reinsurance premiums:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Prepaid reinsurance premiums:
Life insurance (1)	$	72,749	$	74,815
Accident and health insurance (1)	72,392		76,440
Property and liability insurance	833,008		749,269
Total prepaid reinsurance premiums	$	978,149	$	900,524

(1) Including policyholder account balances ceded.

The following table presents the aggregate amount included in reinsurance receivables that is comprised of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers:


	As of
	September 30, 2024
Total of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers	$	175,205

As of September 30, 2024, the non-affiliated reinsurers from whom our insurance business has the largest receivable balances were: Allianz Global Risks US Insurance Company (AM Best Rating: A+), (Allianz), Allianz Reinsurance America, Inc. (AM Best Rating: A+) (Allianz), and MAPFRE Re, S.A. (AM Best Rating: A). These balances do not require collateral based on the authorized status of the parties. The Company monitors authorization status, financial statements and AM Best ratings of its reinsurers periodically. As of September 30, 2024, the Company does not believe there is a risk of loss due to the concentration of credit risk in the reinsurance program given the related collateralization or reinsurer AM Best rating.

F-22

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents identifiable finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and goodwill by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:


	As of September 30, 2024						As of December 31, 2023
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets:	Insurance		Other		Total			Insurance		Other		Total

Customer relationships	$	163,863	$	—	$	163,863		$	162,844	$	—	$	162,844
Accumulated amortization	( 84,543 )		—		( 84,543 )			( 74,776 )		—		( 74,776 )
Trade names	16,304		800		17,104			16,227		800		17,027
Accumulated amortization	( 9,527 )		( 740 )		( 10,267 )			( 8,452 )		( 680 )		( 9,132 )
Software licensing	17,793		640		18,433			17,372		640		18,012
Accumulated amortization	( 10,590 )		( 640 )		( 11,230 )			( 9,891 )		( 640 )		( 10,531 )
Insurance policies and contracts acquired	36,500		—		36,500			36,500		—		36,500
Accumulated amortization	( 36,500 )		—		( 36,500 )			( 36,500 )		—		( 36,500 )
Other	1,112		—		1,112			1,088		—		1,088
Accumulated amortization	( 751 )		—		( 751 )			( 536 )		—		( 536 )
Total finite-lived intangible assets	93,661		60		93,721			103,876		120		103,996
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: (1)
Insurance licensing agreements	13,761		—		13,761			13,761		—		13,761
Other	—		1,000		1,000			—		1,000		1,000
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	13,761		1,000		14,761			13,761		1,000		14,761
Total intangible assets, net	$	107,422	$	1,060	$	108,482		$	117,637	$	1,120	$	118,757

Goodwill	206,857		1,708		208,565			204,447		1,708		206,155
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net	$	314,279	$	2,768	$	317,047		$	322,084	$	2,828	$	324,912

(1) Impairment tests are performed at least annually on indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Goodwill

The following table presents the activity in goodwill, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, and includes the adjustments made to the balance of goodwill to reflect the effect of the final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as the reduction to any goodwill attributable to impairment related charges:



	Insurance		Other		Total



Balance at December 31, 2023	$	204,447	$	1,708	$	206,155

Foreign currency translation and other	2,410		—		2,410
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	206,857	$	1,708	$	208,565

The Company conducts annual impairment tests of its goodwill as of October 1. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no impairments were recorded on the Company’s goodwill. There was no accumulated impairment recorded in the goodwill balance as of September 30, 2024.

Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the activity, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, in finite and indefinite-lived other intangible assets and includes the adjustments made to the balance to reflect the effect of any final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as any reduction attributable to impairment-related charges:


	Insurance		Other		Total









Balance at December 31, 2023	$	117,637	$	1,120	$	118,757

Amortization expense	( 11,557 )		( 60 )		( 11,617 )
Foreign currency translation and other	1,342		—		1,342

Balance at September 30, 2024	$	107,422	$	1,060	$	108,482

F-23

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Amortization expense on intangible assets	$	3,879	$	4,879	$	11,617	$	12,728

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, no impairments were recorded on the Company’s intangible assets. The Company’s accumulated impairment on intangible assets was $ 728 as of September 30, 2024.

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Insurance (1)		Other		Total
Remainder of 2024	$	3,837	$	20	$	3,857
2025	13,240		40		13,280
2026	10,894		—		10,894
2027	9,543		—		9,543
2028	8,341		—		8,341
2029 and thereafter	46,101		—		46,101
Total	$	91,956	$	60	$	92,016

(1) Does not include foreign currency translation adjustment of $ 1,705 as of September 30, 2024.

(9) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

The Company selectively utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its overall investment and hedging activities. Derivative contracts are subject to additional risk that can result in a loss of all or part of an investment. The Company’s derivative activities are primarily entered into in order to manage underlying credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk and currency exchange rate risk. In addition, the Company is also subject to counterparty risk should its counterparties fail to meet the contract terms. Derivative assets are reported in other investments. Derivative liabilities are reported within other liabilities and accrued expenses . Derivatives for our mortgage business are primarily comprised of interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs), forward delivery contracts, and TBA mortgage-backed securities.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The fair value of these instruments is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date to exit the position. Our mortgage origination subsidiary issues IRLCs to their customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected pull through assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Forward Delivery Contracts and TBA Mortgage-Backed Securities

Our mortgage origination subsidiary manages their exposure by entering into forward delivery commitments with loan investors. For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage-backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally fall under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The remaining derivatives are generally comprised of a combination of swaps, currency forwards and options, which are generally classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. In addition, the Fortegra Additional Warrant (Warburg) is a derivative liability and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (16) Stockholders' Equity for additional information regarding the Fortegra Additional Warrant.

F-24

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the gross notional and fair value amounts of derivatives (on a gross basis) categorized by underlying risk:


	As of September 30, 2024						As of December 31, 2023
	Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives		Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments	$	136,444	$	3,483	$	—	$	129,675	$	3,818	$	—
Forward delivery contracts	38,274		120		77		19,675		9		98
TBA mortgage-backed securities	211,250		114		514		139,000		104		815
Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg) (1)	—		—		9,540		—		—		3,522
Other	—		—		—		24,346		52		68
Total	$	385,968	$	3,717	$	10,131	$	312,696	$	3,983	$	4,503

(1) See Note (16) Stockholders' Equity for additional information .

(10) Debt, net

The following table presents the balance of the Company’s debt obligations, net of discounts and deferred financing costs for our corporate and asset based debt. Asset based debt is generally recourse only to specific assets and related cash flows.


	As of September 30, 2024
Corporate debt	Insurance		Mortgage		Total
Secured revolving credit agreements (1)	$	100,000	$	—	$	100,000

Preferred trust securities (LIBOR + 4.10 %)	35,000		—		35,000
8.50 % Junior subordinated notes	125,000		—		125,000
Total corporate debt	260,000		—		260,000

Asset based debt
Asset based revolving financing (SOFR + 2.75 %)	67,159		—		67,159
Residential mortgage warehouse borrowings ( 1.75 % to 3.30 % over SOFR) (2)(3)	—		69,679		69,679

Total asset based debt	67,159		69,679		136,838
Total debt, face value	327,159		69,679		396,838

Unamortized deferred financing costs	( 8,235 )		( 80 )		( 8,315 )
Total debt, net	$	318,924	$	69,599	$	388,523

	As of December 31, 2023
Corporate debt	Insurance		Mortgage		Total
Secured revolving credit agreements (1)	$	130,000	$	—	$	130,000

Preferred trust securities (LIBOR + 4.10 %)	35,000		—		35,000
8.50 % Junior subordinated notes	125,000		—		125,000
Total corporate debt	290,000		—		290,000

Asset based debt
Asset based revolving financing (SOFR + 2.75 %)	67,138		—		67,138
Residential mortgage warehouse borrowings ( 1.75 % to 2.75 % over SOFR) (2)(3)	—		54,350		54,350

Total asset based debt	67,138		54,350		121,488
Total debt, face value	357,138		54,350		411,488

Unamortized deferred financing costs	( 8,950 )		( 127 )		( 9,077 )
Total debt, net	$	348,188	$	54,223	$	402,411

(1) The secured credit agreements include separate tranches with multiple rate structures that are adjustable based on Fortegra’s senior leverage ratio, which as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was SOFR + 1.50 %.

(2) As of September 30, 2024, included (i) a $ 50,000 line of credit at 1.75 %, 2.00 % and 2.50 % over the one month SOFR rate, (ii) a $ 25,000 line of credit at 1.75 % over the one month SOFR rate, with a floor of 2.75 %, (iii) a $ 30,000 line of credit at 1.875 % over the one month SOFR rate and (iv) a $ 10,000 line of credit at 3.30 % over the one month SOFR rate. As of December 31, 2023, included (i) a $ 50,000 line of credit at 1.75 %, 2.00 % and 2.50 % over the one month SOFR rate, and (ii) a $ 65,000 line of credit at 1.75 %, 2.25 % and 2.75 % over the one month SOFR rate, with a floor of 4.00 %.

(3) The weighted average coupon rate for residential mortgage warehouse borrowings was 6.76 % and 7.15 % at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

F-25

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the amount of interest expense the Company incurred on its debt for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest expense - corporate debt	$	5,602	$	4,732	$	17,491	$	14,058
Interest expense - asset based debt	2,012		1,984		6,428		6,167
Total interest expense on debt	$	7,614	$	6,716	$	23,919	$	20,225

The following table presents the contractual principal payments and future maturities of the unpaid principal balance on the Company’s debt for the following periods:


	As of September 30, 2024
Remainder of 2024	$	—
2025	69,679
2026	67,159
2027	100,000
2028	—
2029 and thereafter	160,000
Total	$	396,838

The following narrative is a summary of certain terms of our debt agreements for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:

Corporate Debt

Secured Revolving Credit Agreements

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of $ 100,000 and $ 130,000 , respectively, was outstanding under the revolving line of credit in our insurance business. The maximum borrowing capacity under the agreements as of September 30, 2024 was $ 200,000 .

Asset Based Debt

Asset Based Revolving Financing

On October 6, 2023, subsidiaries of Fortegra amended the asset based revolving financing to increase the revolving commitment to $ 125,000 and transition to SOFR. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of $ 67,159 and $ 67,138 , respectively, was outstanding under the borrowing related to our premium finance offerings in our insurance business.

Residential Mortgage Warehouse Borrowings

As of September 30, 2024, our mortgage business had three warehouse lines of credit with three separate lending partners totaling $ 105,000 of borrowing capacity. The $ 50,000 line of credit matures in August 2025, the $ 25,000 line of credit matures in June 2025, and the $ 30,000 line of credit matures in February 2025. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of $ 69,679 and $ 54,350 , respectively, was outstanding under such financing agreements.

Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSR) Line of Credit

As of September 30, 2024, our mortgage business had a MSR line of credit totaling $ 10,000 of borrowing capacity at 3.30 % over SOFR, with no borrowings outstanding at the end of the period.

F-26

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(11) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible to measure a financial instrument’s fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, and are affected by the type of product, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, as well as current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy discussed in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s fair value measurements are based primarily on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable financial instruments. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations and pricing matrices. Management analyzes the third-party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy and to assess reliability of values. Further, management has a process in place to review all changes in fair value that occurred during each measurement period. Any discrepancies or unusual observations are followed through to resolution through the source of the pricing as well as utilizing comparisons, if applicable, to alternate pricing sources.

The Company utilizes observable and unobservable inputs within its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs may include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. Broker quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include: expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand considerations and market volatility.

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

The fair values of AFS securities are based on prices provided by an independent pricing service and a third-party investment manager. The Company obtains an understanding of the methods, models and inputs used by the independent pricing service and the third-party investment manager by analyzing the investment manager-provided pricing report.

The following details the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of AFS securities and the applicable level each security falls within the fair value hierarchy:

U.S. Treasury Securities, Obligations of U.S. Government Authorities and Agencies, Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions, Corporate Securities, Asset Backed Securities, and Obligations of Foreign Governments: Fair values were obtained from an independent pricing service and a third-party investment manager. The prices provided by the independent pricing service and third-party investment manager are based on quoted market prices, when available, non-binding broker quotes, or matrix pricing and fall under Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Certificates of Deposit: The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit approximate carrying value and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Equity Securities

The fair values of publicly traded common and preferred equity securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are obtained from market value quotations provided by an independent pricing service and fall under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of non-publicly traded common and preferred stocks are based on prices derived from multiples of comparable public companies and fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

F-27

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Loans, at fair value

Corporate Loans : These loans are comprised of middle market loans and bank loans and are generally classified under either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. To determine fair value, the Company uses quoted prices, including those provided from pricing vendors, which provide coverage of secondary market participants, where available. The values represent a composite of mark-to-market bid/offer prices. In certain circumstances, the Company will make its own determination of fair value of loans based on internal models and other unobservable inputs.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale : Mortgage loans held for sale are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is based upon forward sales contracts with third-party investors, including estimated loan costs.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Derivatives for our mortgage business are primarily comprised of IRLCs, forward delivery contracts and TBA mortgage-backed securities. The fair value of these instruments is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date to exit the position. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries issue IRLCs to their customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected pull through assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries manage their exposure by entering into forward delivery commitments with loan investors. For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage-backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally fall under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

The remaining derivatives are generally comprised of a combination of swaps, currency forwards and options, which are generally classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. In addition, the Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg) are a derivative liability and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (16) Stockholders' Equity for additional information regarding the Fortegra Additional Warrants.

Corporate Bonds

Corporate bonds are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is based on quoted market prices. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the prices provided are reasonable.

Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased

Securities sold, not yet purchased are generally classified under Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, based on the leveling of the securities sold short, and fair value is provided by a third-party investment manager, based on quoted market prices. We perform internal price verification procedures monthly to ensure that the prices provided are reasonable.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights are classified under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is provided by a third-party valuation service. Various observable and unobservable inputs are used to determine fair value, including discount rate, cost to service and weighted average prepayment speed.

F-28

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchies for financial assets and liabilities, measured on a recurring basis:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant observable inputs Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	435,088	$	—	$	435,088
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		41,537		—		41,537
Obligations of foreign governments	—		1,289		—		1,289
Certificates of deposit	1,145		—		—		1,145
Asset backed securities	—		23,820		—		23,820
Corporate securities	—		507,188		—		507,188
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	1,145		1,008,922		—		1,010,067

Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		—		8,976		8,976
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		72,840		—		72,840
Total loans, at fair value	—		72,840		8,976		81,816

Equity securities:

Exchange traded funds	5,336		—		—		5,336
Other equity securities	81,382		—		8,612		89,994
Total equity securities	86,718		—		8,612		95,330

Other investments, at fair value:
Corporate bonds	—		9,560		—		9,560
Derivative assets	—		211		3,506		3,717
Other	—		19,823		—		19,823
Total other investments, at fair value	—		29,594		3,506		33,100

Mortgage servicing rights (1)	—		—		39,634		39,634

Total	$	87,863	$	1,111,356	$	60,728	$	1,259,947

Liabilities: (2)

Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	559	$	32	$	591
Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg)	—		—		9,540		9,540
Contingent consideration payable	—		—		2,740		2,740
Total	$	—	$	559	$	12,312	$	12,871

(1) Included in other assets. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

(2) Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

F-29

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)


	As of December 31, 2023
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant observable inputs Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	470,085	$	—	$	470,085
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		45,459		—		45,459
Obligations of foreign governments	—		4,557		—		4,557
Certificates of deposit	1,724		—		—		1,724
Asset backed securities	—		26,171		15		26,186
Corporate securities	—		254,598		—		254,598
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	1,724		800,870		15		802,609

Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		2,051		9,167		11,218
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		58,338		—		58,338
Total loans, at fair value	—		60,389		9,167		69,556

Equity securities:
Invesque	4,161		—		—		4,161
Exchange traded funds	1,349		—		—		1,349
Other equity securities	55,072		—		7,726		62,798
Total equity securities	60,582		—		7,726		68,308

Other investments, at fair value:
Corporate bonds	—		62,081		—		62,081
Derivative assets	—		162		3,821		3,983
Other	—		18,979		—		18,979
Total other investments, at fair value	—		81,222		3,821		85,043

Mortgage servicing rights (1)	—		—		40,836		40,836

Total	$	62,306	$	942,481	$	61,565	$	1,066,352

Liabilities: (2)

Derivative liabilities	—		937		44		981
Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg)	—		—		3,522		3,522
Contingent consideration payable	—		—		2,604		2,604

Total	$	—	$	937	$	6,170	$	7,107

(1) Included in other assets. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

(2) Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses. See Note (14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses.

F-30

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Transfers between Level 2 and 3 were a result of subjecting third-party pricing on assets to various liquidity, depth, bid-ask spread and benchmarking criteria as well as assessing the availability of observable inputs affecting their fair valuation.

The following table presents additional information about assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Balance at January 1,	$	61,565	$	63,590
Net realized and unrealized gains or losses included in:
Earnings	1,333		( 3,610 )
OCI	75		2,563
Origination of IRLCs	31,100		33,185
Purchases	—		31
Sales and repayments	—		( 6 )
Distributions	( 1,910 )		—
Conversions to mortgage loans held for sale	( 31,435 )		( 33,835 )



Transfer out of Level 3	—		( 41 )
Conversions to real estate owned	—		81
Balance at September 30,	$	60,728	$	61,958

Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to assets still held at period end	$	1,333	$	( 8,610 )
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI related to assets still held at period end	$	75	$	2,563

The following table presents the range and weighted average (WA) used to develop significant unobservable inputs for the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets and liabilities:


	As of						As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		Valuation technique	Unobservable input(s)	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023


Assets	Fair value						Range			WA (1)	Range			WA (1)
IRLCs	$	3,483	$	3,818	Internal model	Pull through rate	45 %	to	95 %	60 %	45 %	to	95 %	59 %
Mortgage servicing rights	39,634		40,836		External model	Discount rate	10 %	to	15 %	11 %	10 %	to	13 %	11 %
						Cost to service	$ 65	to	$ 3,000	$ 126	$ 65	to	$ 3,000	$ 113
						Prepayment speed	3 %	to	82 %	9 %	3 %	to	82 %	9 %

Equity securities	8,612		7,726		Internal model	Forecast EBITDAR	$ 1,422,000	to	$ 1,604,000	N/A	$ 1,039,000	to	$ 1,422,000	N/A
Corporate loans	8,976		9,167		External model	Bid marks	$ 71	to	$ 71	$ 71	$ 71	to	$ 75	$ 73
Total	$	60,705	$	61,547

Liabilities
Fortegra Additional Warrants (Warburg)	$	9,540	$	3,522	External Model	Discount rate	3 %	to	5 %	3.4 %	3 %	to	5 %	3.8 %
						Implied Equity Volatility	40 %	to	50 %	45 %	40 %	to	50 %	45 %
Contingent consideration payable	2,740		2,604		Cash Flow model	Forecast Cash EBITDA	$ 2,500	to	$ 4,000	N/A	$ 2,500	to	$ 4,000	N/A
						Forecast Underwriting EBITDA	$ —	to	$ 2,000	N/A	$ —	to	$ 2,000	N/A
Total	$	12,280	$	6,126

(1) Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

F-31

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value and their respective levels within the fair value hierarchy:


	As of September 30, 2024					As of December 31, 2023
	Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value		Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value
Assets:
Debentures	2	$	25,754	$	25,754	2	$	25,648	$	25,648
Notes receivable, net	2	138,890		138,890		2	134,131		134,131
Total assets		$	164,644	$	164,644		$	159,779	$	159,779

Liabilities:
Debt	3	$	395,363	$	396,838	3	$	406,801	$	411,488
Total liabilities		$	395,363	$	396,838		$	406,801	$	411,488

Debentures: Since interest rates on debentures are at current market rates for similar credit risks, the carrying amount approximates fair value. These values are net of allowance for doubtful accounts. See Note (5) Investments.

Notes Receivable, net: To the extent that carrying amounts differ from fair value, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for similar credits. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Debt: The carrying value, which approximates fair value of floating rate debt, represents the total debt balance at face value excluding the unamortized discount. The fair value of the Junior subordinated notes is determined based on dealer quotes. Categorized under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Additionally, the following financial assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are not carried at fair value, but whose carrying amounts approximate their fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. Categorized under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts and Premiums Receivable, net, Retrospective Commissions Receivable and Other Receivables: The carrying amounts approximate fair value since no interest rate is charged on these short duration assets. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (6) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Due from Brokers, Dealers, and Trustees and Due to Brokers, Dealers and Trustees: The carrying amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses and approximate their fair value due to their short term nature. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

F-32

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(12) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Roll forward of Claim Liability

The following table presents the activity in the net liability for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses of short duration contracts for the following periods:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of January 1,	$	844,848	$	567,193
Less: liabilities of policy-holder account balances, gross	( 878 )		( 1,923 )
Less: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	( 2,103 )		( 140 )
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	841,867		565,130
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	( 448,117 )		( 266,889 )
Less: other lines, gross	( 295 )		( 184 )
Net balance as of January 1, short duration	393,455		298,057

Incurred (short duration) related to:
Current year	555,034		353,167
Prior years	646		910
Total incurred	555,680		354,077

Paid (short duration) related to:
Current year	242,422		170,949
Prior years	99,174		62,739
Total paid	$	341,596	$	233,688

Net balance as of September 30, short duration	$	607,539	$	418,446
Plus: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	581,685		393,333
Plus: other lines, gross	241		161
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	1,189,465		811,940
Plus: liabilities of policy-holder account balances, gross	600		1,157
Plus: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	2,792		117
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of September 30,	$	1,192,857	$	813,214

The following schedule reconciles the total amount of losses incurred on short duration contracts per the table above to the amount of total losses incurred as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, excluding the amount for member benefit claims:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Short duration incurred	$	175,845	$	125,165	$	555,680	$	354,077
Other lines incurred	( 83 )		( 281 )		( 26 )		1
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses	170		239		917		399
Total losses incurred	$	175,932	$	125,123	$	556,571	$	354,477

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company experienced unfavorable prior year development of $ 646 , primarily driven by higher-than-expected claims paid development in our commercial lines of business.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced unfavorable prior year development of $ 910 , primarily as a result of higher-than-expected claim severity in our commercial lines of business partially offset by favorable development in our personal lines of business as a result of lower-than-expected claim severity.

F-33

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Management considers the prior year development for each of these years to be insignificant when considered in the context of our annual earned premiums, net as well as our net losses and loss adjustment expenses and member benefit claims expenses. We analyze our development on a quarterly basis and given the short duration nature of our products, favorable or adverse development emerges quickly and allows for timely reserve strengthening, if necessary, or modifications to our product pricing or offerings.

The unfavorable prior year development of $ 646 in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 represented 0.5 % of our insurance business income before taxes of $ 135,270 and 0.2 % of the opening net liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses of $ 393,455 , as of January 1, 2024.

The unfavorable prior year development of $ 910 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 represented 1.1 % of our insurance business income before taxes of $ 85,584 , and 0.3 % of the opening net liability for losses and loss adjustment expenses of $ 298,057 , as of January 1, 2023.

Based upon our internal analysis and our review of the statement of actuarial opinions provided by our actuarial consultants, we believe that the amounts recorded for policy liabilities and unpaid claims reasonably represent the amount necessary to pay all claims and related expenses which may arise from incidents that have occurred as of the balance sheet date.

(13) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company’s revenues from insurance and contractual and liability insurance operations are primarily accounted for under Financial Services-Insurance (ASC 944) that are not within the scope of Revenue for Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The Company’s remaining revenues that are within the scope of ASC 606 are primarily comprised of revenues from contracts with customers for monthly membership dues for motor clubs, monthly administration fees for services provided for premiums, claims and reinsurance processing revenues, vehicle service contracts, vessel related revenue and revenues for household goods and appliances service contracts (collectively, remaining contracts).

The following table presents the disaggregated amounts of revenue from contracts with customers by product type for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,

	2024		2023		2024		2023
Service and Administrative Fees:
Service contract revenue	$	70,882	$	74,844	$	227,884	$	211,028
Motor club revenue	10,565		11,158		33,202		35,277


Other	1,341		919		3,128		3,593
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	82,788	$	86,921	$	264,214	$	249,898

Service and Administrative Fees

Service and administrative fees are generated from non-insurance programs including warranty service contracts, motor clubs and other services. Service and administrative fees are recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using pro rata, Rule of 78’s, modified Rule of 78’s, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.

Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined to be probable.

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material as of September 30, 2024.

F-34

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

The following table presents the activity in the deferred assets and liabilities related to revenue from contracts with customers for the following period:


	January 1, 2024						September 30, 2024
	Beginning balance		Additions		Amortization		Ending balance
Deferred acquisition costs
Service and Administrative Fees:
Service contract revenue	$	201,903	$	93,786	$	81,343	$	214,346
Motor club revenue	16,636		23,025		25,961		13,700
Total	$	218,539	$	116,811	$	107,304	$	228,046


Deferred revenue
Service and Administrative Fees:
Service contract revenue	$	605,425	$	251,450	$	227,884	$	628,991
Motor club revenue	21,677		29,170		33,202		17,645
Other	—		3,120		3,120		—
Total	$	627,102	$	283,740	$	264,206	$	646,636

For the periods presented, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs and deferred revenue were recognized.

(14) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of other assets as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Accrued investment income	$	9,172	$	6,269
Loans eligible for repurchase	44,290		32,183
Mortgage servicing rights	39,634		40,836
Right of use assets - operating leases (1)	29,055		31,469
Income tax receivable	1,056		1,275
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net	27,216		29,624

Prepaid expenses	10,841		12,985
Other	5,237		10,874
Total other assets	$	166,501	$	165,515

(1) See Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

The following table presents the depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	1,516	$	1,429	$	4,637	$	4,668

F-35

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The following table presents the components of other liabilities and accrued expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	81,923	$	114,568
Loans eligible for repurchase liability	44,290		32,183
Deferred tax liabilities, net	188,854		139,845
Operating lease liabilities (1)	37,790		40,403

Commissions payable	1,339		36,728

Derivative liabilities	10,131		4,503
Due to broker/trustee	20,217		17,054
Other	22,644		18,460
Total other liabilities and accrued expenses	$	407,188	$	403,744

(1) See Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

(15) Other Revenue and Other Expenses

Other Revenue

The following table presents the components of other revenue as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Other investment income (1)	$	6,885	$	6,091	$	19,389	$	16,857
Financing interest income	4,967		4,486		13,978		12,426
Other (2)	6,509		5,185		18,627		13,832
Total other revenue	$	18,361	$	15,762	$	51,994	$	43,115

(1) See Note (5) Investments for the components of Other investment income.

(2) Includes $ 6,150 and $ 4,690 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $ 17,439 and $ 11,208 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to Insurance.

Other Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
General and administrative	$	11,026	$	9,405	$	31,877	$	28,441
Professional fees	7,106		6,804		22,402		20,991
Premium taxes	3,662		2,767		14,781		13,920
Mortgage origination expenses	3,337		3,178		9,817		9,398
Rent and related	3,988		4,009		12,252		11,883



Other	5,671		2,774		20,077		10,224
Total other expenses	$	34,790	$	28,937	$	111,206	$	94,857

F-36

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(16) Stockholders' Equity

Stock Repurchases

The Board of Directors authorized the Company to make repurchases of up to $ 20,000 of shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock in the aggregate, at the discretion of the Company’s Executive Committee. There were no shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, the remaining repurchase authorization was $ 11,945 .

Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends per share for the following periods presented below:


	Dividends per share for the
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
First quarter	$	0.06	$	0.05
Second quarter	0.06		0.05
Third quarter	0.06		0.05

Total cash dividends declared	$	0.18	$	0.15

Fortegra Non-Controlling Interests

On June 21, 2022, the Company closed the WP Transaction. On that date, Fortegra converted to a Delaware corporation and Warburg made a $ 200,000 investment in Fortegra in exchange for Fortegra Common Stock, Fortegra Preferred Stock, Fortegra Warrants and Fortegra Additional Warrants. Also, in connection with the closing of the WP Transaction, Tiptree was issued Fortegra Additional Warrants, and management’s interests in LOTS Intermediate were exchanged for interests in Fortegra.

In March and April 2024, Tiptree, Warburg and Fortegra directors contributed $ 30,044 , $ 9,889 and $ 67 , respectively, to Fortegra in exchange for Fortegra Common Stock. As of September 30, 2024, Fortegra was owned approximately 79.3 % by Tiptree Holdings, 17.7 % by Warburg and 3.0 % by management and directors of Fortegra before giving effect to the exercise of outstanding warrants and management options and the conversion of outstanding preferred stock.

Fortegra Preferred Stock

The face amount of the Fortegra Preferred Stock is $ 80,000 . Dividends are cumulative and accrue at a rate of 8 % per annum, compounding quarterly. Any quarterly dividend may be paid in cash, at Fortegra’s option. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash dividends declared were $ 4,804 .

Warburg has the option to convert, at any time, its shares of Fortegra Preferred Stock into shares of Fortegra Common Stock at an initial conversion premium of 33 % to Warburg’s initial investment valuation (the “Fortegra Preferred Stock Conversion Price”). The Fortegra Preferred Stock Conversion Price is adjusted for any Fortegra Common Stock splits, dividends, extraordinary dividends and similar transactions. All of the Fortegra Preferred Stock will automatically convert into shares of Fortegra Common Stock at the Fortegra Preferred Stock Conversion Price upon the closing of a qualifying initial public offering, subject to a five year make-whole provision. Upon conversion, the Fortegra Preferred Stock would result in Warburg owning an additional 6.3 % interest in Fortegra, for a total as converted ownership of 24.1 % (including its ownership of Fortegra Common Stock).

Fortegra Warrants

The Fortegra Warrants have a seven-year term and an exercise premium of 33 % to Warburg’s initial investment valuation (the “Fortegra Warrant Exercise Price”). The Fortegra Warrant Exercise Price will be reduced by any Fortegra Common Stock cash dividends made by Fortegra and adjusted for stock splits, common stock dividends, extraordinary dividends and similar transactions. The Fortegra Warrants, if exercised with cash, would result in Warburg owning an additional 3.7 % interest in Fortegra.

F-37

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Fortegra Additional Warrants

The Fortegra Additional Warrants issued to both Warburg and Tiptree have a seven-year term and an exercise price of $ 0.01 per share of Fortegra Common Stock. The Fortegra Additional Warrants issued to Warburg will be forfeited based on Warburg achieving an all-in return on its investment in excess of 23 %, as measured primarily by Fortegra’s Common Stock price. The Fortegra Additional Warrants issued to Warburg are classified as liabilities, at fair value. The Fortegra Additional Warrants issued to Tiptree will vest based on Warburg achieving an all-in return on its investment in excess of 30 %, as measured primarily by Fortegra’s Common Stock price. The number of shares of Fortegra Common Stock issuable to Warburg or Tiptree with respect to the Fortegra Additional Warrants is subject to adjustment for Fortegra Common Stock splits, stock or cash dividends and similar transactions. The Fortegra Additional Warrants are exercisable from the earlier of a transaction that results in Warburg having sold 50 % of its Fortegra Common Stock or the fifth anniversary of the closing date. The maximum number of shares issued to Warburg or Tiptree, if exercised with cash, would be an additional 1.7 % interest in Fortegra on an as converted basis (including its ownership of Fortegra Common and Preferred Stock).

The following table presents the components of non-controlling interests as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:


	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023


Fortegra preferred interests	$	77,679	$	77,679
Fortegra common interests	116,575		82,020

Total non-controlling interests	$	194,254	$	159,699

Statutory Reporting and Insurance Company Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions

The Company’s U.S. insurance subsidiaries prepare financial statements in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles (SAP) prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their states of domicile. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the NAIC as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules.

Statutory Capital and Surplus

The Company’s insurance company subsidiaries must maintain minimum amounts of statutory capital and surplus as required by regulatory authorities, including the NAIC; their capital and surplus levels exceeded respective minimum requirements as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Under the NAIC Risk-Based Capital Act of 1995, a company’s Risk-Based Capital (RBC) is calculated by applying certain risk factors to various asset, claim and reserve items. If a company's adjusted surplus falls below calculated RBC thresholds, regulatory intervention or oversight is required. The Company’s U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries' RBC levels, as calculated in accordance with the NAIC’s RBC instructions, exceeded all RBC thresholds as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company also has a foreign insurance subsidiary that is not subject to SAP. The statutory capital and surplus amounts and statutory net income presented above do not include the foreign insurance subsidiary in accordance with SAP.

Statutory Dividends

The Company’s U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries may pay dividends to the Company, subject to statutory restrictions. Payments in excess of statutory restrictions (extraordinary dividends) to the Company are permitted only with prior approval of the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. The Company eliminates all dividends from its subsidiaries in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

F-38

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

There were no dividends paid to the Company by its U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The combined amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company’s U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:







	As of
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries	$	24,327	$	24,327

At September 30, 2024, the maximum amount of dividends that our U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries could pay under applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval was approximately $ 24,327 . The Company may seek regulatory approval to pay dividends in excess of this permitted amount, but there can be no assurance that the Company would receive regulatory approval if sought.

(17) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI)

The following table presents the activity of AFS securities in AOCI, net of tax, for the following periods:


	Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities		Foreign currency translation adjustment		Total AOCI		Amount attributable to non-controlling interests		Total AOCI to Tiptree Inc.













Balance at December 31, 2022	$	( 43,043 )	$	( 7,311 )	$	( 50,354 )	$	10,925	$	( 39,429 )
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	( 5,126 )		1,398		( 3,728 )		345		( 3,383 )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	2,235		—		2,235		—		2,235

OCI	( 2,891 )		1,398		( 1,493 )		345		( 1,148 )

Balance at September 30, 2023	$	( 45,934 )	$	( 5,913 )	$	( 51,847 )	$	11,270	$	( 40,577 )

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	( 32,145 )	$	( 98 )	$	( 32,243 )	$	6,170	$	( 26,073 )
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	9,308		5,241		14,549		( 3,764 )		10,785
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	117		—		117		—		117
OCI	9,425		5,241		14,666		( 3,764 )		10,902

Balance at September 30, 2024	$	( 22,720 )	$	5,143	$	( 17,577 )	$	2,406	$	( 15,171 )

The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of AOCI included in net income and the impacted line items on the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Affected line item in condensed consolidated statements of operations
Components of AOCI	2024		2023		2024		2023
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities	$	( 57 )	$	2	$	( 150 )	$	( 2,954 )		Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Related tax (expense) benefit	9		—		33		719			Provision for income tax
Net of tax	$	( 48 )	$	2	$	( 117 )	$	( 2,235 )

F-39

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

(18) Stock Based Compensation

Tiptree Equity Plans

The table below summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2017 Omnibus Incentive Equity Plan for the periods indicated, excluding awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree common stock:


2017 Equity Plan			Number of shares












Available for issuance as of December 31, 2023			2,260,550
RSU, stock and option awards granted			( 91,669 )
Forfeited			12,437

PRSU awards granted			( 1,420,833 )

Available for issuance as of September 30, 2024			760,485

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) and Stock Awards

The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become non-forfeitable either (i) after the third anniversary, or (ii) with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the first, second and third year anniversaries of the grant date. RSU awards are expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The RSUs include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date. Stock awards issued as director compensation are deemed to be granted and immediately vested upon issuance.

The following table presents changes to the issuances of RSUs under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Equity Plan for the periods indicated:


	Number of shares issuable	Weighted average grant date fair value










Unvested units as of December 31, 2023	253,231	$	14.25
Granted	91,669	16.26
Vested	( 44,779 )	14.42
Forfeited	( 12,437 )	16.66
Unvested units as of September 30, 2024 (1)	287,684	$	15.22

(1) Includes 139,888 , 76,930 and 70,866 shares that vest in 2025, 2026 and 2027, respectively.

The following tables present the detail of the granted and vested RSUs for the periods indicated:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
Granted	2024	2023		Vested	2024	2023
Directors	13,309	23,134		Directors	13,309	23,134
Employees	78,360	81,874		Employees	31,470	329,650
Total Granted	91,669	105,008		Total Vested	44,779	352,784
				Taxes	( 11,395 )	( 43,322 )

				Net Vested	33,384	309,462

Tiptree Senior Management Incentive Plan

On August 4, 2021, a total of 3,500,000 Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs) were awarded to members of the Company’s senior management. An additional 350,000 PRSUs were awarded on October 14, 2022. The PRSUs have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service and a market requirement. A portion of the PRSUs will generally vest upon the achievement of each of five Tiptree share price target milestones ranging from $ 15 to $ 60 , adjusted for dividends paid, within five pre-established determination periods (subject to a catch-up vesting mechanism) occurring on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth anniversaries of the grant date. In November 2021, the first tranche of the PRSUs vested, resulting in a net issuance of 215,583 shares of Tiptree common stock.

F-40

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

On January 1, 2024, Tiptree granted 1,420,833 PRSUs to members of the Company’s senior management. The PRSUs will generally vest upon achievement of a $ 70 Tiptree share price target (adjusted for dividends paid) prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the Grantee’s continued employment with Tiptree.

As of September 30, 2024, 5,037,500 PRSUs were unvested. The below table illustrates the aggregate number of PRSUs that will vest upon the achievement of each Tiptree share price target. Such price targets are adjusted down for cumulative dividends paid by the Company since grant (e.g., the next share price target is $ 19.38 as adjusted for cumulative dividends paid to date).


Original Tiptree Share Price Target						Number of PRSUs that Vest
$ 20						516,667
$ 30						775,000
$ 45						1,033,333
$ 60						1,291,667
$ 70						1,420,833

Upon vesting, the Company will issue shares, or if shares are not available under the 2017 Equity Plan, then the Company may in its sole discretion instead deliver cash equal to the fair market value of the underlying shares. The fair value of the PRSUs was estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. The historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock price simulated over the performance period using a lookback period of 10 years. The valuation was done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the reporting date. The quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the reporting date are used to calculate a spot dividend yield for use in the model.

The following table presents the assumptions used to measure the fair value of the PRSUs as of the respective grant date, or June 7, 2022, when the original tranches were converted to equity awards.


Valuation Input	June 2022	October 2022	January 2024

Historical volatility			38.75 %	39.23 %	39.10 %
Risk-free rate			3.04 %	3.95 %	3.80 %
Dividend yield			1.45 %	1.44 %	1.05 %
Cost of equity			11.72 %	14.19 %	13.65 %
Expected term (years)			6.0	5.9	5.5

Stock Option Awards

Between 2016 and 2020, option awards were granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service, a market requirement, and vest one third on each of the three , four , and five-year anniversaries of the grant date. As of September 30, 2024, the market requirement for all outstanding options has been achieved. There were no stock option awards granted from 2021 to September 30, 2024.

The following table presents the Company’s stock option activity for the current period:


	Options outstanding	Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per stock option)		Weighted average grant date value (in dollars per stock option)		Options exercisable






Balance, December 31, 2023	1,583,873	$	6.51	$	2.25	1,225,083

Balance, September 30, 2024	1,583,873	$	6.51	$	2.25	1,442,114

Weighted average remaining contractual term at September 30, 2024 (in years)	3.5

F-41

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Subsidiary Equity Plans

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have established incentive plans under which they are authorized to issue equity of those subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity unless otherwise noted. These awards are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting awards) and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting awards). The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in cash.

Fortegra Equity Incentive Plan

Fortegra adopted the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“Fortegra Plan”) on June 21, 2022, and further amended on January 18, 2024, which permits the grant of RSUs, stock based awards and options up to 11.0 % of Fortegra Common Stock (assuming conversion of the Fortegra Preferred Stock), of which the substantial majority is expected to be delivered in options. The general purpose of the Fortegra Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees of Fortegra, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with those of Fortegra’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the Fortegra Plan terminates automatically on June 21, 2032. The awards under the Fortegra Plan are not exchangeable for Tiptree common stock.

As of September 30, 2024, vested and unexercised options represented 0.4 %, unvested time vesting RSUs represented 0.2 % and unvested time and performance vesting options represented 3.9 % of Fortegra Common Stock (in each case, assuming conversion of the Fortegra Preferred Stock). The RSUs include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date. The time vested options vest in equal parts over five years . The performance vested options vest based on specific internal rate of return targets determined at the time of a change of control of Fortegra or sale by Warburg of more than 50 % of its Fortegra securities (on an as converted basis) acquired in 2022. A majority of these time and performance options must be exercised in the calendar year they vest and shall be deemed automatically exercised if not otherwise done so by December 31 of the calendar year in which they vest. The fair value option grants were estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future value of Fortegra Common Stock, which assumes the market requirement is achieved. Key assumptions used in the model were a historical volatility of 45.0 %, a risk free rate of 3.7 %, no dividend yield and an expected term of 4.2 years.

In 2023, Fortegra granted performance based restricted stock units (Fortegra PRSUs) that vest based on the achievement of specified gross written premium volume targets and underwriting ratios for selected specialty insurance lines written in 2024. Upon vesting, the Fortegra PRSUs entitle recipients to participate in an aggregate pool of between $ 5,000 and $ 20,000 payable in shares of Fortegra. The Fortegra PRSUs are accounted for as liability awards and were unvested as of September 30, 2024.

The following table presents changes to the issuances of subsidiary awards under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods indicated:


	Grant date fair value of equity shares issuable























Unvested balance as of December 31, 2023	$	20,609
Granted	1,670
Vested	( 2,879 )
Forfeiture	( 830 )
Performance assumption adjustment	184
Unvested balance as of September 30, 2024	$	18,754

F-42

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Stock Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents total stock based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Employee compensation and benefits	$	5,898	$	1,861	$	13,012	$	5,955
Director compensation	70		113		208		322
Income tax benefit	( 1,253 )		( 414 )		( 2,776 )		( 1,318 )
Net stock based compensation expense	$	4,715	$	1,560	$	10,444	$	4,959

Additional information on total non-vested stock based compensation is as follows:


	As of September 30, 2024
	Subsidiary Stock options		Restricted stock awards and RSUs		Performance Restricted Stock Units
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards (1)	$	15,225	$	1,702	$	16,153
Weighted - average recognition period (in years)	1.9		0.6		1.4

(1) Includes unrecognized compensation cost of $ 15,225 related to stock options, $ 878 related to RSUs, and $ 3,499 related to PRSUs at The Fortegra Group.

(19) Income Taxes

The following table presents the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes reflected as a component of income (loss):


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023				2024				2023
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	16,308			$	12,273			$	48,799			$	29,119

Effective tax rate (ETR)	44.4		%	(1)	58.0		%	(1)	45.6		%	(1)	55.0		%	(1)

(1) Higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of outside basis deferred taxes on Tiptree’s investment in Fortegra and other discrete items.

Tiptree owns less than 80% of Fortegra and is required to record deferred taxes on the outside basis on its investment in Fortegra. This deferred tax liability represents the tax that would be due, before consideration of loss carryforwards, if Tiptree were to sell all of its Fortegra stock at its carrying value on Tiptree’s balance sheet.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra increased by $ 9,913 , of which $ 4,006 of expense was recorded in OCI, and $ 5,907 expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra increased by $ 2,280 , of which $ 2,116 of benefit was recorded in OCI, and $ 4,396 expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. Excluding the impact of these deferred taxes, the effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 28.2 % and 37.3 %, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra increased by $ 19,844 , of which $ 3,115 of expense was recorded in OCI, and $ 16,729 expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, this deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra was $ 48,627 , which was an increase of $ 8,656 from the year ended December 31, 2022, of which $ 332 benefit was recorded in OCI, $ 1,222 benefit was recorded directly in stockholders’ equity, and $ 10,210 expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. Excluding the impact of these deferred taxes, the effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 29.9 % and 35.7 %, respectively.

On April 15, 2024, the Company sold its 16.98 million shares of Invesque for $ 625 of proceeds resulting in a capital loss carryforward for tax purposes of approximately $ 106,768 .

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) has introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%, commonly referred to as Pillar Two. Many aspects of Pillar Two are effective beginning calendar year 2024 and other aspects will be effective beginning in calendar year 2025. While it is uncertain whether the U.S.

F-43

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

will adopt Pillar Two, certain countries in which the Company operates have adopted legislation and other countries are in the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar Two. While we do not expect Pillar Two to have a material impact on the Company, our analysis is ongoing as the OECD releases additional guidance and countries implement additional legislation.

(20) Commitments and Contingencies

The following table presents rent expense for the Company’s office leases recorded in other expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Rent expense for office leases	$	1,918	$	1,925	$	5,875	$	6,003

The Company entered into a sublease of its former corporate office space in December 2022. As a result of the sublease, future lease payments will be offset by $ 1,842 annually from July 2023 through August 2029.

Litigation

The Company is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., a class action filed in February 2006, in Pike County Circuit Court in the Commonwealth of Kentucky on behalf of Kentucky consumers that purchased certain credit life and disability insurance coverage between 1997-2007. The action alleges violations of the Kentucky Consumer Protection Act (“KCPA”) and certain insurance statutes, common law fraud and breach of contract and the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages, attorneys’ fees and interest.

Two classes were certified in June 2010: Subclass A includes class members who suffered a disability during the coverage period but allegedly received less than full disability benefits; Subclass B includes all class members whose loan termination date extended beyond the termination date of the credit disability coverage period.

In a series of orders issued in October 2022 on competing motions for partial summary judgment, the court found in favor of the plaintiffs as to the Subclass A breach of contract claim (the Subclass A Order) and, as to Subclass B, found that the Company was unjustly enriched to the extent the premium it collected exceeded the proportion of the premium for which the Company provided benefits coverage (the Subclass B Order). The court found in favor of the Company as to the plaintiffs’ claims for common law fraud and violation of Kentucky’s insurance statutes and ordered the plaintiffs’ Motion for Sanctions for Spoliation of Evidence held in abeyance. The Company has appealed the Subclass A Order and Subclass B Order and all interlocutory orders made final by entry of the Subclass A Order and Subclass B Order.

In December 2022, the court dismissed the plaintiffs’ KCPA claims as to both Subclass A Order and Subclass B Order. The court also dismissed the plaintiffs’ breach of covenant of good faith and fair dealing claim as to Subclass B Order but declined to dismiss such claim as to Subclass A Order pending resolution of the Company’s appeal. The trial, previously scheduled for December 2023, has been remanded while the matter is on appeal.

In May 2024, the Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals disagreed with the court’s interpretation of the policies at issue and entered an order (the Court of Appeals Order) affirming in part, reversing in part, and remanding the Subclass A Order and Subclass B Order. In June 2024, the Company filed a Motion for Discretionary Review of the Court of Appeals Order in the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

The Company considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management’s opinion, based on information available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of the Company. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, the Company does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on

F-44

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

the Company’s financial position.

(21) Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates basic net income per share of common stock (common share) based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which includes vested corporate RSUs. Unvested corporate RSUs have a non-forfeitable right to participate in dividends declared and paid on the Company’s common stock on an as vested basis and are therefore considered a participating security. The Company calculates basic earnings per share using the “two-class” method under which the income available to common stockholders is allocated to the unvested corporate RSUs.

Diluted net income attributable to common stockholders includes the effect of unvested subsidiaries’ RSUs, when dilutive. The assumed exercise of all potentially dilutive instruments is included in the diluted net income per common share calculation, if dilutive.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the following periods:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income (loss)	$	20,473	$	8,868	$	58,327	$	23,869
Less:
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	8,558		6,715		24,511		16,789
Net income allocated to participating securities	92		14		270		57
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. common shares - basic	11,823		2,139		33,546		7,023






Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Securities of subsidiaries	( 956 )		( 502 )		( 2,374 )		( 91 )
Adjustments to income relating to exchangeable interests and contingent considerations, net of tax	2		—		7		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. common shares - diluted	$	10,869	$	1,637	$	31,179	$	6,932
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding - basic	36,789,571		36,749,199		36,781,408		36,672,120
Weighted average number of incremental shares of common stock issuable from exchangeable interests and contingent considerations	1,028,920		934,932		1,003,229		897,285
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding - diluted	37,818,491		37,684,131		37,784,637		37,569,405




Basic net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	0.32	$	0.06	$	0.91	$	0.19




Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	0.29	$	0.04	$	0.83	$	0.18

(22) Related Party Transactions

Tiptree Advisors is a related party of the Company because Tiptree Advisors is deemed to be controlled by Michael Barnes, the Company’s Executive Chairman. Tiptree Advisors manages investment portfolio accounts of Fortegra and certain of its subsidiaries under an investment advisory agreement (the IAA). The Company is invested in funds managed by Tiptree Advisors. The Company incurred $ 1,594 and $ 1,507 of management and incentive fees for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company incurred $ 4,760 and $ 3,876 of management and incentive fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Beginning on January 1, 2024, Tiptree’s percentage of profits interest in Tiptree Advisors was 40.8 %. As of January 1, 2025, Tiptree’s percentage interest will increase to 51.0 %.

Pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, Tiptree and Tiptree Advisors have mutually agreed to provide certain services to one another. Payments under the Transition Services Agreement in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were not material.

Pursuant to a Partner Emeritus Agreement, Tiptree agreed to provide Mr. Inayatullah, a greater than 5 % stockholder of the Company, support services and reimburse Mr. Inayatullah for a portion of benefit expenses in exchange for advice and other

F-45

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

consulting services as requested by the Company’s Executive Committee. Transactions related to the Partner Emeritus Agreement in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were not material.

(23) Subsequent Events

On October 29, 2024, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $ 0.06 per share to holders of common stock with a record date of November 18, 2024, and a payment date of November 25, 2024.

F-46

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is presented in this section as follows:

• Overview

• Results of Operations

• Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations

• Liquidity and Capital Resources

• Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

OVERVIEW

Tiptree allocates capital to select small and middle market companies with the mission of building long-term value. Established in 2007, we have a significant track record investing in the insurance sector and across a variety of other industries, including mortgage, specialty finance and shipping. Our largest operating subsidiary, Fortegra, is a leading provider of specialty insurance products and related services. We also generate earnings from a diverse group of select investments that we refer to as Tiptree Capital, which includes our Mortgage segment and other, non-insurance businesses and assets. We evaluate performance primarily by the comparison of stockholders’ long-term total return on capital, as measured by growth in stock price plus dividends paid, in addition to Adjusted Net Income.

Our year-to-date 2024 highlights include:

Overall:

• Tiptree reported net income of $33.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $7.1 million in the prior year period, driven by growth in insurance operations. Return on average equity was 10.3%, compared to 2.4% in 2023.

• Adjusted net income of $72.8 million increased from $48.1 million in 2023, driven by growth in insurance operations. Adjusted return on average equity was 22.1%, as compared to 16.2% in 2023.

Insurance:

• Gross written premiums and premium equivalents were $2.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $192.6 million, or 9.5%, from the prior year period as a result of growth in E&S insurance lines in the U.S. and Europe.

• Net written premiums were $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of 14.7%, driven by growth in gross written premiums and increased retention on Fortegra’s whole account quota share reinsurance arrangement from 30% to 40%, effective April 1, 2023.

• Total revenues were $1.5 billion, an increase of $329.8 million, or 28.4%, from 2023, driven by premium growth in specialty E&S and admitted insurance lines in the U.S. and Europe.

• Combined ratio of 90.2%, driven by consistent underwriting performance and the scalability of Fortegra’s operating platform.

• Income before taxes of $135.3 million as compared to $85.6 million in 2023. Return on average equity was 25.1% in 2024 as compared to 22.9% in 2023, with the increases driven by growth in underwriting and fee revenues.

• Adjusted net income (before NCI) was $114.5 million, an increase of $31.4 million, or 37.8%, from 2023. Adjusted return on average equity was 28.8%, as compared to 30.3% in 2023.

• Fortegra’s total stockholders’ equity was $606.4 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $452.6 million as of December 31, 2023, with the increase driven by comprehensive income during the current year period and the aggregate capital contribution from Tiptree, Warburg, and Fortegra independent directors of $40.0 million.

Tiptree Capital:

• Mortgage income before taxes was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to loss of $0.9 million in 2023, with the increase driven by higher origination volumes and loan servicing fees.

Key Trends:

Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and GDP growth, market liquidity and volatility, consumer confidence, U.S. demographics, employment and wage growth, business confidence and investment, inflation, interest rates and spreads, the impact of the regulatory environment, and the other factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Generally, our businesses are positively affected by a healthy U.S. consumer, stable to gradually rising interest rates, stable markets and business conditions, and global growth and trade flows. Conversely, rising unemployment, volatile markets, rapidly rising interest rates, inflation, changing regulatory requirements and slowing business conditions can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Insurance results primarily depend on pricing, underwriting, risk retention and the accuracy of reserves, reinsurance arrangements, returns on invested assets, and policy and contract renewals and run-off. Factors affecting these items, including conditions in financial markets, the global economy and the markets in which we operate, fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates and inflation, including the current period of inflationary pressures, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Fortegra designs, markets and underwrites specialty property and casualty insurance products for select target markets or niches. The business has historically generated significant fee-based revenues by incorporating value-add coverages and services. Underwriting risk is mitigated through a combination of reinsurance and sliding scale commission structures with agents, distribution partners and/or third-party reinsurers. To mitigate counterparty risk, Fortegra ensures its reinsurance receivables are placed with highly rated and appropriately capitalized counterparties or with our distribution partners’ captive insurance vehicles which are collateralized with highly liquid investments, cash or letters of credit. While Fortegra’s insurance operations have historically maintained a relatively stable combined ratio, initiatives to change the business mix along with these economic factors could generate different results than the business has historically experienced. In particular, inflation can have an impact on replacement costs associated with claims from our customers to the extent we are unable to pass the higher costs of claims through higher premiums. In addition, fluctuations of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies, including the British pound and Euro, would have an impact on book value between periods.

Fortegra’s investment portfolio includes fixed maturity securities, loans, credit investment funds, and equity securities. Many of those investments are held at fair value. From 2021 to 2023, the U.S. fixed income markets experienced a significant rise in interest rates. Rising interest rates have and could continue to impact the value of Fortegra’s fixed maturity securities, with any unrealized losses recorded in equity, and if realized, could impact our results of operations. Offsetting the impact of a rising interest rate environment, new investments in fixed rate instruments from both maturities and portfolio growth have and could continue to result in higher net interest income on investments. The weighted average duration of our fixed income available for sale securities is less than three years. While our asset and liability mix is relatively matched, should we need to liquidate any of these investments before maturity to pay claims, any realized losses could materially negatively impact our results of operations. Changes in fair value for loans, credit investment funds, and equity securities in Fortegra’s investment portfolio are reported as unrealized gains or losses in revenues and can be impacted by changes in interest rates, credit risk, currency risk, or market risk, including specific company or industry factors. In addition, our equity holdings are relatively concentrated. General equity market trends, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value which can result in unrealized gains and losses affecting our results.

Elevated 10-year treasury yields, and the tapering of the Federal Reserve’s purchases of mortgage-backed securities, has resulted in substantial increases in mortgage interest rates. Low mortgage interest rates driven by the Federal Reserve intervention in mortgage markets, and rising home prices in certain markets, provided tailwinds to the mortgage markets in 2020 and 2021, which benefited our mortgage operations and margins. The substantial rise in rates resulted in a sharp reversal of those trends, with volumes and margins declining significantly. Only partially offsetting the declines in mortgage originations is an increase in the fair value of our mortgage servicing portfolio as rising rates slow prepayment speeds, with a resulting increase in servicing income. Continued elevated mortgage rates could have a negative impact on our mortgage operations, and is likely to be only partially mitigated by the improvement in mortgage servicing revenues. A sustained period of negative profitability in the mortgage industry could also impact the availability of funding sources for our mortgage business.

Rising interest rates can also impact the cost of floating interest rate debt obligations, while declining rates can decrease the cost of debt. Our secured revolving and term credit agreements, preferred trust securities and asset based revolving financing are all floating rate obligations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a summary of our condensed consolidated financial results for the three months ended September 30, 2024

and 2023. In addition to GAAP results, management uses the Non-GAAP measures Adjusted net income, Adjusted return on average equity and book value per share as measurements of operating performance. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance and comparison among companies.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Return on Average Equity. Adjusted net income is defined as income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, including merger and acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting. The calculation of adjusted net income excludes net realized and unrealized gains (losses) that relate to investments or assets rather than business operations. Adjusted return on average equity represents adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders’ equity during the period. Management uses Adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity as part of its capital allocation process and to assess comparative returns on invested capital. We believe adjusted net income provides additional clarity on the results of the Company’s underlying business operations as a whole for the periods presented by excluding distortions created by the unpredictability and volatility of realized and unrealized gains (losses). We also believe adjusted net income provides useful supplemental information to investors as it is frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance between periods and for comparison among companies.

Adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of these measures to their GAAP equivalents.

Selected Key Metrics


($ in thousands, except per share information)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
GAAP:	2024			2023			2024			2023
Total revenues	$	494,362		$	416,514		$	1,539,256		$	1,202,657
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	11,915		$	2,153		$	33,816		$	7,080
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.29		$	0.04		$	0.83		$	0.18
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	0.06		$	0.05		$	0.18		$	0.15
Return on average equity	10.6		%	2.2		%	10.3		%	2.4		%

Non-GAAP: (1)
Adjusted net income	$	27,872		$	17,874		$	72,827		$	48,063
Adjusted return on average equity	24.8		%	17.9		%	22.1		%	16.2		%

(1) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, revenues were $494.4 million, which increased $77.8 million, or 18.7%, compared to the prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, revenues were $1,539.3 million, which increased $336.6 million, or 28.0%, compared to the prior year period. The changes for both periods were primarily driven by growth in earned premiums, net, higher investment income, net realized and unrealized gains, and an increase in other income, including interest income on cash equivalents, compared to the prior year period.

The table below provides a break down between net realized and unrealized gains and losses from Invesque and other securities which impacted our consolidated results on a pre-tax basis. Many investments are carried at fair value and marked to market through unrealized gains and losses. As a result, we expect earnings related to these investments to be relatively volatile between periods. Fixed income securities are primarily marked to market through AOCI in stockholders’ equity and do not impact net realized and unrealized gains and losses until they are sold.


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) - Invesque (1)	$	—	$	(6,793)	$	(3,536)	$	(8,661)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (2)	$	(2,423)	$	(660)	$	9,964	$	(6,893)

(1) On April 15, 2024, the Company sold its 16.98 million shares of Invesque for $0.6 million of proceeds resulting in a realized loss of $134.2 million.

(2) Excludes Invesque and Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to common stockholders

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the net income attributable to common stockholders was $11.9 million, compared to $2.2 million in the prior year period, driven by growth in Fortegra’s underwriting and fee income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the net income attributable to common stockholders was $33.8 million, which increased $26.7 million, compared to the prior year period, driven by growth in Fortegra’s underwriting and fee income.

Adjusted net income & Adjusted return on average equity - Non-GAAP

Adjusted net income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $27.9 million, an increase of $10.0 million, or 55.9%, from the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven by growth in our insurance and mortgage operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, adjusted return on average equity was 24.8%, as compared to 17.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, driven by the increase in adjusted net income.

Adjusted net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $72.8 million, an increase of $24.8 million, or 51.5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2023, driven by growth in our insurance and mortgage operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, adjusted return on average equity was 22.1%, as compared to 16.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, driven by the increase in adjusted net income.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Total stockholders’ equity was $656.2 million as of September 30, 2024 compared to $543.6 million as of September 30, 2023, with the increase driven by comprehensive income over the trailing four quarters, partially offset by net changes in non-controlling interests and preferred dividends paid at Fortegra. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Tiptree returned $6.6 million to stockholders through dividends paid.

Book value per share for the period ended September 30, 2024 was $12.56, an increase from book value per share of $10.78 as of September 30, 2023, driven by comprehensive income per share, partially offset by dividends paid of $0.23 per share, net changes in non-controlling interests and preferred dividends paid at Fortegra.

Results by Segment

We classify our business into two reportable segments, Insurance and Mortgage, with the remainder of our operations aggregated into Tiptree Capital - Other. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, corporate employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses, including public company expenses.

The following tables present the components of Revenue, Income (loss) before taxes and Adjusted net income for the following periods:


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues:
Insurance	$	481,013	$	406,779	$	1,489,711	$	1,159,900
Mortgage	14,892		14,718		46,666		43,346
Tiptree Capital - other	(1,543)		(4,983)		2,879		(589)
Corporate	—		—		—		—
Total revenues	$	494,362	$	416,514	$	1,539,256	$	1,202,657

Income (loss) before taxes:
Insurance	$	47,209	$	35,722	$	135,270	$	85,584
Mortgage	(89)		359		1,192		(894)
Tiptree Capital - other	(2,603)		(6,494)		602		(3,597)
Corporate	(7,736)		(8,446)		(29,938)		(28,105)
Total income (loss) before taxes	$	36,781	$	21,141	$	107,126	$	52,988

Non-GAAP - Adjusted net income: (1)
Insurance	$	31,728	$	23,884	$	90,744	$	66,043
Mortgage	1,359		(327)		1,231		(1,389)
Tiptree Capital - other	42		5		870		1,637
Corporate	(5,257)		(5,688)		(20,018)		(18,228)
Total adjusted net income	$	27,872	$	17,874	$	72,827	$	48,063

(1) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Insurance

Our principal operating subsidiary, Fortegra, is a specialty insurance underwriter and service provider, which focuses on niche lines and fee-oriented services. The combination of specialty insurance underwriting, service contract products, and related service solutions delivered through a vertically integrated business model creates a blend of traditional underwriting revenues, investment income and unregulated fee revenues. The business is an agent-driven model, distributing products through independent insurance agents, consumer finance companies, online retailers, auto dealers, and regional big box retailers to deliver products that complement the consumer transaction.

As of September 30, 2024, Fortegra was owned approximately 79.3% by Tiptree, 17.7% by Warburg and 3.0% by management and directors of Fortegra, before giving effect to the exercise of outstanding warrants and management options, and the conversion of outstanding preferred stock. The following tables and discussion present the Insurance segment results, including non-controlling interests, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenues

Earned Premiums, net represents the earned portion of gross written and assumed premiums, less the earned portion that is ceded to third-party reinsurers under reinsurance agreements. Fortegra’s insurance policies generally have a term of six months to seven years depending on the underlying product and premiums are earned pro rata over the term of the policy. At the end of each reporting period, premiums written but not earned are classified as unearned premiums and are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

Service and Administrative Fees represent the earned portion of gross written premiums and premium equivalents, which is generated from non-insurance products including warranty service contracts, motor club contracts and other services offered as part of Fortegra’s vertically integrated product offerings. Such fees are typically positively correlated with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue when realized and earned. At the end of each reporting period, gross written premiums and premium equivalents written for service contracts not earned are classified as deferred revenue, which are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

Ceding Commissions and Other Revenue consists of commissions earned on policies written on behalf of third-party insurance companies with no exposure to the insured risk and certain fees earned in conjunction with underwriting policies. Other revenue also includes the interest income earned on cash equivalents and premium finance product offerings.

Net Investment Income represents earned investment income on our portfolio of invested assets. Our invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed maturity securities, and may also include cash and cash equivalents and equity securities. The principal factors that influence net investment income are the size of our investment portfolio, the yield on that portfolio and expense due to external investment managers. The insurance investment portfolio includes investments held in statutory insurance companies and in unregulated entities. The portfolios held in statutory insurance companies are subject to different regulatory considerations, including with respect to types of assets, concentration limits, affiliate transactions and the use of leverage.

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on investments are a function of the difference between the amount received by us on the sale of a security and the security’s cost-basis, as well as any “other-than-temporary” impairments and allowances for credit losses which are recognized in earnings. In addition, equity securities and certain other investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in this line. Fortegra’s investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns across select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet claims payment obligations. As such, volatility from realized and unrealized gains and losses may impact period-over-period performance. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and loans held at fair value impact current period net income, while unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities impact AOCI.

Expenses

Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses represent actual insurance claims paid, changes in unpaid claim reserves, net of amounts ceded and the costs of administering claims for insurance lines. Incurred claims are impacted by loss frequency, which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity include the volume of underwritten contracts, changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements, and original pricing of the product for purposes of the loss ratio in relation to loss emergence over time. Losses and loss adjustment expenses are based on an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods.

Member Benefit Claims represent the costs of services and replacement devices incurred in warranty and motor club service contracts. Member benefit claims represent claims paid on behalf of contract holders directly to third-party providers for roadside assistance and for the repair or replacement of covered products. Claims can also be paid directly to contract holders as a reimbursement payment, provided supporting documentation of loss is submitted to the Company. Claims are recognized as expense when incurred.

Commission Expenses reflect commissions paid to retail agents, third party administrators and managing general underwriters, net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under certain reinsurance contracts. Commission expenses are deferred and amortized to expense in proportion to the premium earned over the policy life. Commission expense is incurred on most product lines. The majority of commissions are retrospective commissions paid to agents, distributors and retailers selling the Company’s products, including credit insurance policies, warranty service contracts and motor club memberships. When claims increase, in most cases distribution partners bear the risk through a reduction in their retrospective commissions. Commission rates are, in many cases, set by state regulators, such as in credit and collateral protection programs and are also impacted by market conditions and the retention levels of distribution partners.

Operating and Other Expenses represent the general and administrative expenses of insurance operations including employee compensation and benefits and other expenses, including, technology costs, office rent, and professional services fees, such as legal, accounting and actuarial services.

Interest Expense consists primarily of interest expense on corporate revolving debt, notes, preferred trust securities due June 15, 2037 (Preferred Trust Securities) and asset based debt for premium finance and warranty service contract financing, which is non-recourse to Fortegra.

Depreciation Expense is primarily associated with furniture, fixtures and equipment. Amortization Expense is primarily associated with purchase accounting amortization including values associated with acquired customer relationships, trade names and internally developed software and technology.

Key Performance Metrics

We discuss certain key performance metrics, described below, which provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying its financial performance.

Gross written premiums and premium equivalents represent total gross written premiums from insurance policies and warranty service contracts issued, as well as premium finance volumes during a reporting period. They represent the volume of insurance policies written or assumed and warranty service contracts issued during a specific period of time without reduction for policy acquisition costs, reinsurance costs or other deductions. Gross written premiums is a volume measure commonly used in the insurance industry to compare sales performance by period. Premium equivalents are used to compare sales performance of warranty service and administrative contract volumes to gross written premiums. Similar to how management considers gross written premiums to be a relevant measure of volume, regardless of the impact of reinsurance on net earned premiums, management considers premium equivalents to be a relevant measure of contract volume, regardless of whether the Company retains the full obligation. Investors also use these measures to compare sales growth among comparable companies, while management uses these measures to evaluate the relative performance of various sales channels.

Combined Ratio, Loss Ratio, Acquisition Ratio, Underwriting Ratio and Operating Expense Ratio

Combined ratio is an operating measure, which equals the sum of the underwriting ratio and the operating expense ratio. Loss ratio is the ratio of the GAAP line items net losses and loss adjustment expenses and member benefit claims to earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees (excluding ceding fees), and other revenue (excluding cash and cash equivalent interest income). Acquisition ratio is the ratio of the GAAP line items commission expense (less ceding fees and ceding commissions) to earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees (excluding ceding fees), and other revenue (excluding cash and cash equivalent interest income). Underwriting ratio is the combination of the loss ratio and the acquisition ratio. Operating expense ratio is the ratio of the GAAP line items employee compensation and benefits and other expenses to earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees (excluding ceding fees) and other revenue (excluding cash and cash equivalent interest income).

A combined ratio under 100% generally indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% generally indicates an underwriting loss. These ratios are commonly used in the insurance industry as a measure of underwriting profitability, excluding earnings on the insurance portfolio. Investors commonly use these measures to compare underwriting performance among companies separate from the performance of the investment portfolio. Management uses these measures to compare the profitability of various products we underwrite as well as profitability among our various agents and sales channels.

Return on average equity is expressed as the ratio of net income to average stockholders’ equity during the period. Management uses this ratio as a measure of the on-going performance of the totality of the Company’s operations.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Underwriting and Fee Margin - In order to better explain to investors the underwriting performance of the Company’s programs and the respective retentions between the Company and its agents and reinsurance partners, we use the non-GAAP metrics – underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin. We generally manage our exposure to the risks we underwrite using both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and sliding scale commission agreements with our agents (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred), which mitigates our risk. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by our agents and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in commissions paid.

Underwriting and fee revenues represents earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees (excluding ceding fees) and other income (excluding cash and cash equivalent interest income). We reconcile underwriting and fee revenues as total revenues excluding net investment income, net realized gains (losses) and net unrealized gains (losses), ceding fees, ceding commissions and cash and cash equivalent interest income as reported in other income.

Underwriting and fee margin represents income before taxes excluding net investment income, net realized gains (losses), net unrealized gains (losses), cash and cash equivalent interest income, employee compensation and benefits, other expenses, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. We deliver our products and services on a vertically integrated basis to our agents. As such, underwriting and fee margin exclude general and administrative expenses, interest income, depreciation and amortization and other corporate expenses, including income taxes, as these corporate expenses support our vertically integrated delivery model and are not specifically supporting any individual business line.

Adjusted net income represents income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, including merger and acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses), and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting.

Adjusted return on average equity represents adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders’ equity during the period.

See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of underwriting and fee revenues, underwriting and fee margin, adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity to their GAAP equivalents.

Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	359,496		$	291,293		$	68,203	23.4	%
Service and administrative fees	95,362			100,146			(4,784)		(4.8)	%
Ceding commissions	3,716			2,440			1,276		52.3	%
Net investment income	9,111			5,416			3,695		68.2	%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	2,218			(1,616)			3,834		NM%
Other revenue	11,110			9,100			2,010		22.1	%
Total revenues	$	481,013		$	406,779		$	74,234	18.2	%
Expenses:
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	175,932		$	125,123		$	50,809	40.6	%
Member benefit claims	27,510			28,843			(1,333)		(4.6)	%
Commission expense	154,005			153,744			261		0.2	%
Employee compensation and benefits	37,876			30,969			6,907		22.3	%
Interest expense	7,173			6,260			913		14.6	%
Depreciation and amortization	4,970			5,823			(853)		(14.6)	%
Other expenses	26,338			20,295			6,043		29.8	%
Total expenses	$	433,804		$	371,057		$	62,747	16.9	%
Income (loss) before taxes (1)	$	47,209		$	35,722		$	11,487	32.2	%





Key Performance Metrics:
Gross written premiums and premium equivalents	$	776,847		$	686,509		$	90,338	13.2	%
Net written premiums	$	389,273		$	333,921		$	55,352	16.6	%
Loss ratio	45.1		%	39.8		%
Acquisition ratio	31.1		%	36.6		%
Underwriting ratio	76.2		%	76.4		%
Operating expense ratio	14.0		%	13.8		%
Combined ratio	90.2		%	90.2		%
Return on average equity	24.3		%	27.5		%
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (2) :
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	40,042		$	30,043		$	9,999	33.3	%
Adjusted return on average equity	27.7		%	31.2		%

(1) Net income was $35.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $26.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

(2) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues - Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, total revenues increased 18.2%, to $481.0 million, as compared to $406.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Earned premiums, net of $359.5 million increased $68.2 million, or 23.4%, driven by growth in E&S and specialty admitted insurance lines. Earned premiums assumed from other insurance companies were $129.5 million, or 36.0% of the total, compared to $78.6 million, or 27.0% of the total, in the prior year period. Included in the current period were earned premiums associated with the book-roll transaction with one of Fortegra’s MGA partners that was assumed in December 2023. As it expands to new geographies and expands product offerings, the Company works to obtain necessary licenses and intends to write this business directly upon obtaining necessary licenses. The Company views direct written and assumed business as having similar characteristics. Service and administrative fees of $95.4 million decreased by 4.8% driven primarily by a decline in vehicle service contract revenues in Europe. Ceding commissions of $3.7 million increased by $1.3 million, or 52.3%. Other revenues increased by $2.0 million, or 22.1%, driven by growth in interest income on cash equivalents and premium finance product offerings.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, 22.9% of revenues were derived from fees that were not solely dependent upon the underwriting performance of Fortegra’s insurance products, resulting in more diversified earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, 81.2% of fee-based revenues were generated in non-regulated service companies, with the remainder in regulated insurance companies.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net investment income was $9.1 million as compared to $5.4 million in the prior year period, an increase of $3.7 million driven by increased yields on investments. Net realized and unrealized gains were $2.2 million, an improvement of $3.8 million, as compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $1.6 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by the change in fair value of certain equity and other investments carried at fair value. Unrealized gains on AFS securities impacting OCI for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $21.7 million, driven by the decrease in interest rates (interest rate yields and bonds prices are inversely related) and corresponding impact to the fair value of investments.

Expenses - Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were $175.9 million, member benefit claims were $27.5 million and commission expense was $154.0 million, as compared to $125.1 million, $28.8 million, and $153.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net losses and loss adjustment expenses of $50.8 million, or 40.6%, was driven by growth in U.S. and European insurance lines and the shift in business mix toward commercial lines, which tend to have higher loss ratios and lower commission and expense ratios. In addition, the Company experienced unfavorable prior year development of $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, driven by higher-than-expected claims in our commercial lines of business. The decrease in member benefit claims of $1.3 million, or 4.6%, was driven by declines in auto and consumer goods claim frequencies. Commission expenses increased by $0.3 million, or 0.2%, driven by growth in earned premiums, partially offset by impacts from sliding scale commission structures.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, employee compensation and benefits were $37.9 million and other expenses were $26.3 million, as compared to $31.0 million and $20.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $6.9 million, or 22.3%, driven by investments in human capital associated with growth in E&S, admitted and services lines. Other expenses increased by $6.0 million, or 29.8%, driven by a change in fair value of the Fortegra Additional Warrant liability of $0.9 million, and increased marketing and information technology expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense was $7.2 million as compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in interest expense of $0.9 million, or 14.6%, was primarily driven by increased borrowings on Fortegra’s corporate revolver and asset based debt for premium finance lines.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, depreciation and amortization expense was $5.0 million, including $3.9 million of intangible amortization related to purchase accounting associated with acquisitions at Fortegra from 2019 to 2023, as compared to $5.8 million, including $4.9 million of intangible amortization from purchase accounting in 2023.

Gross Written Premiums and Premium Equivalents

The below table shows gross written premiums and premium equivalents by business mix for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Property and short-tail	$	230,538	$	114,461
Contractual liability	84,279		93,587
General liability	86,368		84,610
Alternative risks	93,352		90,320
Professional liability	58,312		67,382
Europe	39,993		36,584
Commercial lines	$	592,842	$	486,944
Personal lines	88,198		110,863
Insurance	$	681,040	$	597,807
Auto and consumer goods warranty	83,415		75,233
Other services	12,392		13,469
Services	$	95,807	$	88,702
Total (1,2)	$	776,847	$	686,509

(1) The total gross written premiums and premium equivalents of $776.8 million and $686.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were comprised of gross written premiums of $573.0 million and $522.1 million, plus assumed premiums of $108.0 million and $75.8 million, plus gross service and administrative fee additions of $95.8 million and $88.7 million, respectively. See Note (7) Reinsurance Recoverable and Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums and Note (13) Revenue from Contracts with Customers within the respective periods for more information.

(2) The premium equivalents metric excludes amounts received from failure to perform vehicle service contracts held in off-balance sheet trusts and premium finance volumes as it was determined to be unlikely these amounts will be recognized as revenue. The three months ended September 30, 2023 has been conformed resulting in a reduction of premium equivalents of $148.0 million. This change only impacted the premium equivalents metric and did not impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Total gross written premiums and premium equivalents for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $776.8 million, representing an increase of $90.3 million, or 13.2%. The increase was driven by a combination of factors including expanding Fortegra’s distribution partner network and growing E&S insurance lines.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, Insurance increased by $83.2 million, or 13.9%, driven by growth in commercial E&S lines, partially offset by a decline in personal credit and auto lines. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, Services increased by $7.1 million, or 8.0%, driven by growth in auto and consumer goods service contracts.

The growth in gross written premiums and premium equivalents, combined with higher retention in select products as of September 30, 2024, has resulted in an increase of $117.1 million, or 5.1%, in unearned premiums and deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as compared to September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, unearned premiums and deferred revenues were $2.4 billion, as compared to $2.3 billion as of September 30, 2023.

Net written premiums


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Property and short-tail	$	152,030	$	73,911
Contractual liability	21,884		21,031
General liability	43,505		43,847
Alternative risks	73,759		70,169
Professional liability	14,564		27,420
Europe	39,993		36,584
Commercial lines	$	345,735	$	272,962
Personal lines	43,538		60,959
Insurance	$	389,273	$	333,921

Net written premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $389.3 million, representing an increase of $55.4 million, or 16.6%, consistent with growth in gross written premiums, and as a result of increased retention on Fortegra’s whole account quota share reinsurance arrangement. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, Net written premiums

from commercial lines increased by $72.8 million, or 26.7%, driven by growth in E&S and specialty admitted business. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, net written premiums from personal lines decreased by $17.4 million, or 28.6%, driven by declines in personal credit and auto insurance lines. Net written premiums from property and short-tail lines represented $152.0 million, or 39.1%, of the total net written premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $73.9 million, or 22.1%, for the prior year period. Property and short-tail net written premiums were diversified by geographic location, exposure and risk type with substantial reinsurance protection. As of September 30, 2024, the net loss to the Company in a 1-in-250 year catastrophe event represented approximately 2.4% of Fortegra’s stockholders’ equity. This reported loss includes the impact of incurred losses based on the estimated frequency and severity of potential events, reinstatements premiums, reinsurance recoveries and taxes.

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio was 90.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, reflecting the consistent underwriting performance and scalability of the Company’s operating platform. The underwriting ratio was 76.2%, a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from the prior year period, which consists of a loss ratio of 45.1%, compared to 39.8% in the prior year period, and an acquisition ratio of 31.1%, compared to 36.6% in the prior year period. The increase in loss ratio was driven by changes in business mix towards commercial lines and increases in repair and labor costs on vehicle service contracts compared to prior year period, which was more than offset by the decline in acquisition ratio as a result of swing rate commission structures. The operating expense ratio increased 0.2 percentage points to 14.0%, as compared to 13.8% in the prior year period.

Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Margin - Non-GAAP

The below tables show underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin by business mix for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024									2023
	Insurance			Services			Total			Insurance			Services			Total
Underwriting and Fee Revenues (1)	$	361,459		$	89,518		$	450,977		$	294,390		$	92,831		$	387,221

Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	175,932			—			175,932			125,103			20			125,123
Member benefit claims	—			27,510			27,510			—			28,843			28,843
Commission expense (2)	106,542			33,876			140,418			108,265			33,328			141,593
Underwriting and Fee Margin (1)	$	78,985		$	28,132		$	107,117		$	61,022		$	30,640		$	91,662

Loss ratio	48.7		%	30.7		%	45.1		%	42.5		%	31.1		%	39.8		%
Acquisition ratio	29.5		%	37.8		%	31.1		%	36.8		%	35.9		%	36.6		%
Underwriting ratio	78.2		%	68.5		%	76.2		%	79.3		%	67.0		%	76.4		%

(1) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

(2) Commission expense in this table is presented net of ceding fees and ceding commissions of $9.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively, as of the three months ended September 30, 2024, and $9.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, as of the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Underwriting and fee revenues were $451.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $387.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Total underwriting and fee revenues increased $63.8 million, or 16.5%, driven by growth in Insurance lines. The increase in Insurance was $67.1 million, or 22.8%, driven by growth in E&S and specialty admitted insurance lines. The decrease in Services was $3.3 million, or 3.6%, driven by a decline in vehicle service contracts in Europe.

Underwriting and fee margin was $107.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $91.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Total underwriting and fee margin increased $15.5 million, or 16.9%, driven by growth in Insurance. Insurance grew by $18.0 million, or 29.4%, driven by revenue growth in E&S and specialty admitted insurance lines. Services decreased by $2.5 million, or 8.2%, driven by decrease in vehicle service contracts in Europe.

Return on Average Equity

Return on average equity was 24.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 27.5% for the prior year period. The decrease in return on average equity was driven by the increase in net income, which was driven by revenue growth and consistent the combined ratio, in addition to improvements in net realized and unrealized gains and losses, more

than offset by the higher average stockholders’ equity as a result of capital contribution from Tiptree, Warburg, and Fortegra independent directors in March and April 2024.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Return on Average Equity - Non-GAAP

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity were $40.0 million and 27.7%, respectively, as compared to $30.0 million and 31.2%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			Change		% Change
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	1,105,273		$	826,418		$	278,855	33.7	%
Service and administrative fees	311,696			290,291			21,405		7.4	%
Ceding commissions	11,525			10,761			764		7.1	%
Net investment income	22,250			19,613			2,637		13.4	%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	7,582			(10,602)			18,184		NM%
Other revenue	31,385			23,419			7,966		34.0	%
Total revenues	$	1,489,711		$	1,159,900		$	329,811	28.4	%
Expenses:
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	556,571		$	354,477		$	202,094	57.0	%
Member benefit claims	88,510			88,898			(388)		(0.4)	%
Commission expense	484,232			442,893			41,339		9.3	%
Employee compensation and benefits	100,884			83,292			17,592		21.1	%
Interest expense	22,300			18,921			3,379		17.9	%
Depreciation and amortization	14,886			15,955			(1,069)		(6.7)	%
Other expenses	87,058			69,880			17,178		24.6	%
Total expenses	$	1,354,441		$	1,074,316		$	280,125	26.1	%
Income (loss) before taxes (1)	$	135,270		$	85,584		$	49,686	58.1	%

Key Performance Metrics:
Gross written premiums and premium equivalents	$	2,216,323		$	2,023,730		$	192,593	9.5	%
Net written premiums	$	1,073,321		$	935,639		$	137,682	14.7	%
Loss ratio	46.3		%	40.3		%
Acquisition ratio	31.1		%	36.3		%
Underwriting ratio	77.4		%	76.6		%
Operating expense ratio	12.8		%	13.9		%
Combined ratio	90.2		%	90.5		%
Return on average equity	25.1		%	22.9		%
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (2) :
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	114,491		$	83,101		$	31,390	37.8	%
Adjusted return on average equity	28.8		%	30.3		%

(1) Net income was $99.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $62.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

(2) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, total revenues increased 28.4%, to $1.5 billion, as compared to $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Earned premiums, net of $1.1 billion increased $278.9 million, or 33.7%, driven by growth in admitted and E&S commercial lines. Earned premiums assumed from other insurance companies were $430.6 million, or 39.0% of the total, compared to $299.3 million, or 36.2% of the total, in the prior year period. Included in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were earned premiums associated with the book-roll transaction with one of Fortegra’s MGA partners that was assumed in December 2023. As it expands to new geographies and expands product offerings, the Company works to obtain necessary licenses and intends to write this business directly upon obtaining necessary licenses. The Company views direct written and assumed business as having similar characteristics. Service and administrative fees of $311.7 million increased by 7.4% driven by growth in warranty and consumer goods service contract revenues. Ceding commissions of $11.5 million increased by $0.8 million, or 7.1%. Other revenues increased by $8.0 million, or 34.0%, driven by growth in interest income on cash equivalents and premium finance product offerings.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 23.8% of revenues were derived from fees that were not solely dependent upon the underwriting performance of Fortegra’s insurance products, resulting in more diversified earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 79.8% of fee-based revenues were generated in non-regulated service companies, with the remainder in regulated insurance companies.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net investment income was $22.3 million as compared to $19.6 million in the prior year period, an increase of $2.6 million driven by increased yields on investments. Net realized and unrealized gains were $7.6 million, compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $10.6 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by the change in fair value of equity securities and other investments carried at fair value.

Expenses - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were $556.6 million, member benefit claims were $88.5 million and commission expense was $484.2 million, as compared to $354.5 million, $88.9 million, and $442.9 million respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net losses and loss adjustment expenses of $202.1 million, or 57.0%, was driven by growth in U.S. and European Insurance lines and the shift in business mix toward commercial lines, which tend to have a higher loss ratios and lower commission ratios. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company experienced unfavorable prior year development of $0.6 million primarily as a result of higher-than-expected claims in its commercial lines of business. In the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced unfavorable prior year development of $0.9 million primarily driven by higher-than-expected claim severity from business written by a small group of producers of our personal and commercial lines of business. The decrease in member benefit claims of $0.4 million, or 0.4%, was driven by declines in auto and consumer goods claim frequencies. Commission expense increased by $41.3 million, or 9.3%, in line with the growth in earned premiums, net and service and administrative fees, partially offset by impacts from sliding scale commission structures.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, employee compensation and benefits were $100.9 million and other expenses were $87.1 million, as compared to $83.3 million and $69.9 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $17.6 million, or 21.1%, driven by investments in human capital associated with growth in admitted, E&S and warranty lines. Other expenses increased by $17.2 million, or 24.6%, driven by a change in fair value of the Fortegra Additional Warrant liability of $6.0 million, in addition to $3.5 million of expenses related to legal and other expenses associated with preparation of the registration statement for the withdrawn Fortegra initial public offering in February 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense was $22.3 million as compared to $18.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in interest expense of $3.4 million, or 17.9%, was primarily driven by increased borrowings on Fortegra’s corporate revolver and asset based debt for premium finance lines.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, depreciation and amortization expense was $14.9 million, including $11.6 million of intangible amortization related to purchase accounting associated with acquisitions at Fortegra from 2019 to 2023, as compared to $16.0 million, including $12.7 million of intangible amortization from purchase accounting in 2023.

Gross Written Premiums and Premium Equivalents

The below table shows gross written premiums and premium equivalents by business mix for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Property and short-tail	$	601,191	$	359,336
Contractual liability	244,491		296,086
General liability	262,804		273,462
Alternative risks	256,590		242,275
Professional liability	196,642		184,805
Europe	119,663		104,209
Commercial lines	$	1,681,381	$	1,460,173
Personal lines	251,202		284,027
Insurance	$	1,932,583	$	1,744,200
Auto and consumer goods warranty	248,710		241,653
Other services	35,030		37,877
Services	$	283,740	$	279,530
Total (1,2)	$	2,216,323	$	2,023,730

(1) The total gross written premiums and premium equivalents of $2,216.3 million and $2,023.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were comprised of gross written premiums of $1,603.9 million and $1,448.4 million, plus assumed premiums of $328.7 million and $295.8 million, plus gross service and administrative fee additions of $283.7 million and $279.5 million, respectively. See Note (7) Reinsurance Recoverable and Prepaid Reinsurance Premiums and Note (13) Revenue from Contracts with Customers within the respective periods for more information.

(2) The premium equivalents metric excludes amounts received from failure to perform vehicle service contracts held in off-balance sheet trusts and premium finance volumes as it was determined to be unlikely these amounts will be recognized as revenue. The nine months ended September 30, 2023 has been conformed resulting in a reduction of premium equivalents of $416.2 million. This change only impacted the premium equivalents metric and did not impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Total gross written premiums and premium equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $2.2 billion, representing an increase of $192.6 million, or 9.5%. The increase was driven by a combination of factors including expanding Fortegra’s distribution partner network, and growing E&S insurance lines.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Insurance increased by $188.4 million, or 10.8%, driven by growth in specialty commercial E&S lines. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Services increased by $4.2 million, or 1.5%, driven by inclines in auto and consumer goods warranty contracts.

Net written premiums


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Property and short-tail	$	368,788	$	247,937
Contractual liability	63,400		49,389
General liability	127,466		124,131
Alternative risks	193,347		182,150
Professional liability	78,955		77,448
Europe	119,663		104,209
Commercial lines	$	951,619	$	785,264
Personal lines	121,702		150,375
Insurance	$	1,073,321	$	935,639

Net written premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $1.1 billion, representing an increase of $137.7 million, or 14.7%, consistent with growth in gross written premiums, and as a result of increased retention on Fortegra’s whole account quota share reinsurance arrangement from 30% to 40%, effective April 1, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Net written premiums from commercial lines increased by $166.4 million, or 21.2%, driven by growth in E&S and specialty admitted business. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net written premiums from personal lines decreased by $28.7 million, or 19.1%, driven by declines in personal credit and auto insurance lines. Net written premiums from property and short-tail lines represented $368.8 million, or 34.4%, of the total net written premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $247.9 million, or 26.5%, for the prior year period. Property and short-tail net written premiums were diversified by geographic location, exposure and risk type with substantial reinsurance protection.

Combined Ratio

The combined ratio was 90.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to 90.5% for the prior year period, reflecting the consistent underwriting performance and scalability of the Company’s operating platform. The underwriting ratio was 77.4%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points from the prior year period, which consists of a loss ratio of 46.3%, compared to 40.3% in the prior year period, and an acquisition ratio of 31.1%, compared to 36.3% in the prior year period. The increase in loss ratio was driven by changes in business mix towards commercial lines and increases in repair and labor costs on vehicle service contracts compared to prior year period, which was partially offset by the decline in acquisition ratio as a result of swing rate commission structures. The operating expense ratio decreased 1.1 percentage points to 12.8%, as compared to 13.9% in the prior year period.

Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Underwriting and Fee Margin - Non-GAAP (1)

The below tables show underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin by business mix for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2024									2023
	Insurance			Services			Total			Insurance			Services			Total
Underwriting and Fee Revenues (1)	$	1,111,279		$	282,932		$	1,394,211		$	836,172		$	263,516		$	1,099,688

Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	556,571			—			556,571			354,427			50			354,477
Member benefit claims	—			88,510			88,510			—			88,898			88,898
Commission expense (2)	330,714			102,462			433,176			303,856			95,663			399,519
Underwriting and Fee Margin (1)	$	223,994		$	91,960		$	315,954		$	177,889		$	78,905		$	256,794

Loss ratio	50.1		%	31.3		%	46.3		%	42.4		%	33.8		%	40.3		%
Acquisition ratio	29.8		%	36.2		%	31.1		%	36.3		%	36.3		%	36.3		%
Underwriting ratio	79.9		%	67.5		%	77.4		%	78.7		%	70.1		%	76.6		%

(1) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

(2) Commission expense in this table is presented net of ceding fees and ceding commissions of $39.5 million and $11.5 million, respectively, as of the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $32.6 million and $10.8 million, respectively, as of the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Underwriting and fee revenues were $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total underwriting and fee revenues increased $294.5 million, or 26.8%, driven by growth in all business lines. The increase in Insurance was $275.1 million, or 32.9%, driven by growth in commercial, E&S, and credit insurance lines. The increase in Services was $19.4 million, or 7.4%, driven by growth in vehicle service contracts and premium finance offerings, in addition to the acquisition of Premia.

Underwriting and fee margin was $316.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $256.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Total underwriting and fee margin increased $59.2 million, or 23.0%, driven by growth in Insurance and Services. Insurance grew by $46.1 million, or 25.9%, from growth in specialty admitted and E&S lines. Services increased by $13.1 million, or 16.5%, primarily driven by growth in vehicle service contracts and premium finance offerings, in addition to the acquisition of Premia.

Return on Average Equity

Return on average equity was 25.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 22.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net income and annualized return on average equity was driven by revenue growth and improvement of the combined ratio, in addition to improvements in net realized and unrealized gains and losses.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Return on Average Equity - Non-GAAP

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity were $114.5 million and 28.8%, respectively, as compared to $83.1 million and 30.3%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Tiptree Capital

Tiptree Capital consists of our Mortgage segment, which includes the operating results of Reliance, our mortgage business, and Tiptree Capital - Other, which consists of our other non-insurance operating businesses and investments.

Mortgage

Through our Mortgage operating subsidiary, Reliance, we originate, sell, securitize and service one-to-four-family, residential mortgage loans, comprised of conforming mortgage loans, Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Veterans Administration (“VA”), United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), and to a lesser extent, non-agency jumbo prime.

We are an approved seller/servicer for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. We are also an approved issuer and servicer for Ginnie Mae. We originate residential mortgage loans through our retail distribution channel (directly to consumers) in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of September 30, 2024.

Components of our Results of Operations

Revenues

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) include gains on sale of mortgage loans and the fair value adjustment in mortgage servicing rights. Gains on the sale of mortgage loans represent the difference between the selling price and carrying value of loans sold and are recognized upon settlement. Such gains also include the changes in fair value of loans held for sale and loan-related hedges and derivatives. We transfer the risk of loss or default to the loan purchaser, however, in some cases we are required to indemnify purchasers for losses related to non-compliance with borrowers’ creditworthiness and collateral requirements. Because of this, we recognize gains on sale net of required indemnification and premium recapture reserves. The fair value adjustment on mortgage servicing rights represents fair value adjustments considering estimated prepayments and other factors associated with changes in interest rates, plus actual run-off in the servicing portfolio. We report these adjustments separate from servicing income and servicing expense.

Other Revenue includes loan origination fees, interest income, and mortgage servicing income. Loan origination fees are earned as mortgage loans are funded. Servicing fees are earned over the life of the loan. Interest income includes interest earned on loans held for sale and interest income on bank balances and short-term investments.

Expenses

Employee Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, commissions, benefits, bonuses, other incentive compensation and related taxes for employees. Commissions expense for sales staff generally varies with loan origination volumes.

Interest Expense represents borrowing costs under warehouse and other credit facilities used primarily to fund loan originations. Amortization of deferred financing costs, including commitment fees, is included in interest expense.

Depreciation is mainly associated with furniture, fixtures and equipment. Amortization is primarily associated with a trade name and internally developed software.

Other Expenses include loan origination expenses, namely, leads, appraisals, credit reporting and licensing fees, general and administrative expenses, including office rent, insurance, legal, consulting and payroll processing expenses, and servicing expense.

The following tables present the Mortgage segment results for the following periods:

Results of Operations


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Revenues:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	8,862		$	9,698		$	29,662		$	28,946
Other revenue	6,030			5,020			17,004			14,400
Total revenues	$	14,892		$	14,718		$	46,666		$	43,346
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	$	9,129		$	8,738		$	27,746		$	26,691
Interest expense	441			456			1,619			1,304
Depreciation and amortization	61			145			283			477
Other expenses	5,350			5,020			15,826			15,768
Total expenses	$	14,981		$	14,359		$	45,474		$	44,240
Income (loss) before taxes	$	(89)		$	359		$	1,192		$	(894)

Key Performance Metrics:
Origination volumes	$	255,783		$	232,938		$	693,056		$	663,668
Gain on sale margins	4.8		%	4.5		%	4.8		%	4.7		%
Return on average equity	(0.4)		%	2.1		%	2.4		%	(1.6)		%







Non-GAAP Financial Measures (1) :
Adjusted net income (1)	$	1,359		$	(327)		$	1,231		$	(1,389)
Adjusted return on average equity (1)	10.2		%	(2.4)		%	3.1		%	(3.4)		%

(1) See “ — Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, $255.8 million of loans were funded, compared to $232.9 million for the prior year period, an increase of $22.8 million, or 9.8%, driven by the lower mortgage interest rate environment. Gain on sale margins increased to 4.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, up approximately 30 basis points from 4.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $693.1 million of loans were funded, compared to $663.7 million for the prior year period, an increase of $29.4 million, or 4.4%, driven by the normalized mortgage interest rates compared to the prior year period. Gain on sale margins increased to 4.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 4.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Net realized and unrealized gains for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $8.9 million, compared to $9.7 million in the prior year period, a decrease of $0.8 million or 8.6%. Net realized and unrealized gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $29.7 million, compared to $28.9 million in the prior year period, an increase of $0.7 million or 2.5%. The primary driver of increased gain on sale revenues for nine months ended September 30, 2024 were higher origination volumes, partially offset the negative fair value adjustment in mortgage servicing rights of $0.4 million in 2024 compared to a positive fair value adjustment of $0.9 million in the prior year period.

Other revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $6.0 million, compared to $5.0 million in the prior year period, an increase of $1.0 million, or 20.1%. Other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $17.0 million, compared to $14.4 million in the prior year period, an increase of $2.6 million, or 18.1%. The increases in both periods were driven by higher loan servicing income and higher loan origination fees. As of September 30, 2024, the mortgage servicing asset was $39.6 million, a decrease from $40.8 million as of December 31, 2023.

Expenses - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, employee compensation and benefits were $9.1 million, compared to $8.7 million in the prior year period, an increase of $0.4 million or 4.5%, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, employee compensation and benefits were $27.7 million, compared to $26.7 million in the prior year period, an increase of $1.1 million or 4.0%, driven primarily by higher commissions on increased origination volumes.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense was at $0.4 million, compared to $0.5 million in prior year period, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense was at $1.6 million, compared to $1.3 million in prior year period, driven by higher interest rates.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, other expenses were $5.4 million, compared to $5.0 million in the prior year period driven by a increased mortgage operational expenses, including marketing and professional fees, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, other expenses were flat at $15.8 million.

Income (loss) before taxes - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 compared to 2023

The loss before taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.1 million, compared to income before taxes of $0.4 million in the prior year period. The income before taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.2 million, compared to loss before taxes of $0.9 million in the prior year period. The increase was driven by higher mortgage volumes and servicing fees.

Tiptree Capital - Other

The following tables present a summary of Tiptree Capital - Other results for the following periods:

Results of Operations


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	(2,764)	$	(6,625)	$	(726)	$	(5,885)
Other income	1,221		1,642		3,605		5,296
Total revenue	$	(1,543)	$	(4,983)	$	2,879	$	(589)
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	$	117	$	109	$	360	$	386
Depreciation and amortization	—		20		—		80
Other expenses	943		1,382		1,917		2,542
Total expenses	$	1,060	$	1,511	$	2,277	$	3,008
Income (loss) before taxes	$	(2,603)	$	(6,494)	$	602	$	(3,597)

Tiptree Capital - Other earns revenues from the following sources: net interest income, realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investment holdings (including Invesque until the sale in April 2024); and charter revenues from vessels within the Company’s maritime transportation operations. Subsequent to the sale of our dry bulk and tanker vessels, operations include two smaller vessels and other ancillary assets.

The loss before taxes from Tiptree Capital - Other for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $2.6 million, compared to the loss before taxes of $6.5 million in the prior year period. The change was primarily driven by the unrealized losses on Invesque in the prior year period. Income before taxes from Tiptree Capital - Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.6 million, compared to the loss before taxes of $3.6 million in the prior year period driven by realized investments gains on securities in the Company’s investment holdings in the first quarter of 2024, and decreased investment losses on Invesque in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Adjusted net income - Non-GAAP (1)


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Maritime transportation	$	(353)	$	(884)	$	(662)	$	(1,527)
Other	395		889		1,532		3,164
Total	$	42	$	5	$	870	$	1,637

(1) See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Adjusted net income decreased to $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $1.6 million in 2023, driven by lower interest income on cash and cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury securities recorded in other income.

Corporate

The following table presents a summary of corporate results for the following periods:

Results of Operations


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Employee compensation and benefits	$	1,974	$	2,058	$	5,850	$	6,502
Employee incentive compensation expense	3,239		3,789		16,598		13,973

Depreciation and amortization	364		359		1,085		963
Other expenses	2,159		2,240		6,405		6,667
Total expenses	$	7,736	$	8,446	$	29,938	$	28,105

Corporate expenses include expenses of the holding company for employee compensation and benefits, interest expense, and public company and other expenses. Corporate employee compensation and benefits includes the expense of management, legal and accounting staff. Other expenses primarily consisted of audit and professional fees, insurance, office rent and other related expenses.

Employee compensation and benefits, including incentive compensation expense, were $22.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $20.5 million for the prior year period, driven by an increase in stock-based compensation expense. Of the incentive compensation expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, $7.2 million was stock-based compensation expense, compared to $5.0 million in 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no outstanding borrowings at the holding company and therefore incurred no interest expense for related periods. Other expenses declined to $6.4 million driven by decreased professional fees, lease and insurance expense.

Provision for Income Taxes

The total income tax expense of $16.3 million and $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is reflected as a component of net income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 44.4% and 58.0%, respectively, with both significantly higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily due to the impact of outside basis deferred taxes on Tiptree’s investment in Fortegra.

The total income tax expense of $48.8 million and $29.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, is reflected as a component of net income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 45.6% and 55.0%, respectively, with both significantly higher than the U.S. statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily due to the impact of outside basis deferred taxes on Tiptree’s investment in Fortegra.

On April 15, 2024, the Company sold its 16.98 million shares of Invesque for $0.6 million of proceeds resulting in a capital loss carryforward for tax purposes of approximately $106.8 million.

As of September 30, 2024, the deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra was $81.5 million, which was an increase of $19.8 million from the year ended December 31, 2023, of which $3.1 million of expense was recorded in OCI, and $16.7 million expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. As of September 30, 2023, the deferred tax liability relating to Fortegra was $48.6 million, which was an increase of $8.7 million from the year ended December 31, 2022, of which $0.3 million benefit was recorded in OCI, $1.2 million benefit was recorded directly in stockholders’ equity, and $10.2 million expense was recorded as a provision for income taxes. Excluding the impact of these deferred taxes, the effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 29.9% and 35.7%, respectively.

Balance Sheet Information

Tiptree’s total assets were $5,505.7 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $5,139.3 million as of December 31, 2023. The $366.4 million increase in assets is primarily attributable to the growth in the Insurance segment.

Total stockholders’ equity was $656.2 million as of September 30, 2024, compared to $576.6 million as of December 31, 2023, with the increase primarily driven by comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As of September 30, 2024, there were 36,789,571 shares of common stock outstanding as compared to 36,756,187 shares as of December 31, 2023, with the increase driven by the vesting of share-based incentive compensation.

In March and April 2024, Tiptree, Warburg and Fortegra independent directors contributed $30.0 million, $9.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively, to Fortegra in exchange for common shares of Fortegra. As of September 30, 2024, Fortegra was owned approximately 79.3% by Tiptree Holdings, 17.7% by Warburg and 3.0% by management and directors of Fortegra, before giving effect to the exercise of outstanding warrants and management options, and the conversion of outstanding preferred stock.

The following table is a summary of certain balance sheet information:


	As of September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total
Total assets	$	5,235,340	$	189,952	$	57,739	$	22,702	$	5,505,733

Corporate debt	$	260,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	260,000
Asset based debt	67,159		69,679		—		—		136,838

Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity (1)	$	412,105	$	53,244	$	56,705	$	(60,108)	$	461,946
Non-controlling interests:
Fortegra preferred interests	77,679		—		—		—		77,679
Common interests	116,575		—		—		—		116,575
Total stockholders’ equity	$	606,359	$	53,244	$	56,705	$	(60,108)	$	656,200

(1) Included in Corporate equity is the deferred tax liability on the outside basis on Tiptree’s investmen t in Fortegra of $81.5 million as of September 30, 2024.

NON-GAAP MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

In addition to GAAP results, management uses the non-GAAP financial measures underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin in order to better explain to investors the underwriting performance and the respective retentions between the Company and its agents and reinsurance partners. We also use the non-GAAP financial measures adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity as measures of operating performance and as part of our resource and capital allocation process, to assess comparative returns on invested capital. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance and to compare relative performance among comparable companies. Adjusted net income, adjusted return on average equity, underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for earned premiums, net income or any other measure derived in accordance with GAAP.

Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Underwriting and Fee Margin — Non-GAAP (Insurance only)

Underwriting and Fee Revenues — Non-GAAP — We define underwriting and fee revenues as earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees (excluding ceding fees) and other income (excluding cash and cash equivalent interest income). We reconcile underwriting and fee revenues as total revenues excluding net investment income, net realized gains (losses) and net unrealized gains (losses), ceding fees, ceding commissions and cash and cash equivalent interest income as reported in other income. Underwriting and fee revenues represents revenues generated by our underwriting and fee-based operations and allows us to evaluate our underwriting performance without regard to investment income. We use this metric as we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our underlying business performance. Underwriting and fee revenues should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenues calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting and fee revenues differently.


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Total revenues	$	481,013	$	406,779	$	1,489,711	$	1,159,900
Less: Net investment income	(9,111)		(5,416)		(22,250)		(19,613)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(2,218)		1,616		(7,582)		10,602
Less: Ceding fees (1)	(9,871)		(9,711)		(39,531)		(32,613)
Less: Ceding commissions	(3,716)		(2,440)		(11,525)		(10,761)
Less: Cash and cash equivalent interest income (2)	(5,120)		(3,607)		(14,612)		(7,827)
Underwriting and fee revenues (3)	$	450,977	$	387,221	$	1,394,211	$	1,099,688

(1) Ceding fees were included in service and administrative fees on the statement of operations.

(2) Cash and cash equivalent interest income was included in other revenue on the statement of operations.

(3) Underwriting and fee revenues exclude ceding fees, ceding commissions and cash and cash equivalent interest income from other revenue.

Underwriting and Fee Margin — Non-GAAP — We define underwriting and fee margin as income before taxes, excluding net investment income, net realized gains (losses), net unrealized gains (losses), cash and cash equivalent interest income, employee compensation and benefits, other expenses, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. Underwriting and fee margin represents the underwriting performance of our underwriting and fee-based programs. As such, underwriting and fee margin excludes general administrative expenses, interest expense, depreciation and amortization and other corporate expenses as those expenses support the vertically integrated business model and not any individual component of our business mix. We use this metric as we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into the specific performance of our underlying underwriting and fee programs. Underwriting and fee income should not be viewed as a substitute for income before taxes calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting and fee margin differently.


($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	47,209	$	35,722	$	135,270	$	85,584
Less: Net investment income	(9,111)		(5,416)		(22,250)		(19,613)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(2,218)		1,616		(7,582)		10,602
Less: Cash and cash equivalent interest income (1)	(5,120)		(3,607)		(14,612)		(7,827)
Plus: Depreciation and amortization	4,970		5,823		14,886		15,955
Plus: Interest expense	7,173		6,260		22,300		18,921
Plus: Employee compensation and benefits	37,876		30,969		100,884		83,292
Plus: Other expenses	26,338		20,295		87,058		69,880
Underwriting and fee margin (2)	$	107,117	$	91,662	$	315,954	$	256,794

(1) Cash and cash equivalent interest income was included in other revenue on the statement of operations.

(2) Underwriting and fee margin exclude cash and cash equivalent interest income.

Adjusted Net Income — Non-GAAP

We define adjusted net income as income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, including merger and acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting, all of which is reduced for non-controlling interests. The calculation of adjusted net income excludes net realized and unrealized gains (losses) that relate to investments or assets rather than business operations. Adjusted net income should not be viewed as a substitute for income before taxes calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted net income differently. Adjusted net income (before NCI) is presented before the impacts of non-controlling interests.

We present adjustments for amortization associated with acquired intangible assets. The intangible assets were recorded as part of purchase accounting in connection with Tiptree’s acquisition of Fortegra Financial in 2014, and additional services businesses from 2019 to 2023. The intangible assets acquired contribute to overall revenue generation, and the respective purchase accounting adjustments will continue to occur in future periods until such intangible assets are fully amortized in accordance with the respective amortization periods required by GAAP.

Adjusted Return on Average Equity — Non-GAAP

We define adjusted return on average equity as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders’ equity during the period. See “—Adjusted Net Income—Non-GAAP” above. Adjusted return on average equity should not be viewed as a substitute for return on average equity calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted return on average equity differently.



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)				Tiptree Capital
	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	47,209		$	(89)		$	(2,603)		$	(7,736)	$	36,781
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(12,114)			32			104			(4,330)		(16,308)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	(2,218)			1,877			2,764			—		2,423
Plus: Intangibles amortization (2)	3,859			—			—			—		3,859
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	4,195			—			—			1,762		5,957
Plus: Non-recurring expenses (3)	119			—			—			—		119
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments (4)	946			—			—			—		946
Plus: Impact of tax deconsolidation of Fortegra (5)	—			—			—			5,907		5,907
Less: Tax on adjustments (6)	(1,954)			(461)			(223)			(860)		(3,498)
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	40,042		$	1,359		$	42		$	(5,257)	$	36,186
Less: Impact of non-controlling interests	(8,314)			—			—			—		(8,314)
Adjusted net income	$	31,728		$	1,359		$	42		$	(5,257)	$	27,872

Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	40,042		$	1,359		$	42		$	(5,257)	$	36,186
Average stockholders’ equity	$	577,776		$	53,272		$	59,943		$	(53,856)	$	637,135
Adjusted return on average equity (7)	27.7		%	10.2		%	0.3		%	NM%		22.7		%



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)				Tiptree Capital
	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	35,722		$	359		$	(6,494)		$	(8,446)	$	21,141
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(9,261)			(76)			1,179			(4,115)		(12,273)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	1,616			(788)			6,625			—		7,453
Plus: Intangibles amortization (2)	4,878			—			—			—		4,878
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	717			—			—			1,246		1,963
Plus: Non-recurring expenses (3)	113			—			—			—		113
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments (4)	(2,447)			—			—			—		(2,447)
Plus: Impact of tax deconsolidation of Fortegra (5)	—			—			—			4,396		4,396
Less: Tax on adjustments (6)	(1,295)			178			(1,305)			1,231		(1,191)
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	30,043		$	(327)		$	5		$	(5,688)	$	24,033
Less: Impact of non-controlling interests	(6,159)			—			—			—		(6,159)
Adjusted net income	$	23,884		$	(327)		$	5		$	(5,688)	17,874

Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	30,043		$	(327)		$	5		$	(5,688)	$	24,033
Average stockholders’ equity	$	385,266		$	53,939		$	139,786		$	(34,169)	$	544,822
Adjusted return on average equity (7)	31.2		%	(2.4)		%	—		%	NM%		17.6		%



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)				Tiptree Capital
	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	135,270		$	1,192		$	602		$	(29,938)	$	107,126
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(35,604)			(244)			(704)			(12,247)		(48,799)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	(7,582)			428			726			—		(6,428)
Plus: Intangibles amortization (2)	11,557			—			—			—		11,557
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	5,999			—			—			7,190		13,189
Plus: Non-recurring expenses (3)	3,455			—			—			—		3,455
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments (4)	6,018			—			—			—		6,018
Plus: Impact of tax deconsolidation of Fortegra (5)	—			—			—			16,729		16,729
Less: Tax on adjustments (6)	(4,622)			(145)			246			(1,752)		(6,273)
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	114,491		$	1,231		$	870		$	(20,018)	$	96,574
Less: Impact of non-controlling interests	(23,747)			—			—			—		(23,747)
Adjusted net income	$	90,744		$	1,231		$	870		$	(20,018)	$	72,827

Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	114,491		$	1,231		$	870		$	(20,018)	$	96,574
Average stockholders’ equity	$	529,486		$	52,771		$	91,263		$	(57,137)	$	616,383
Adjusted return on average equity (7)	28.8		%	3.1		%	1.3		%	NM%		20.9		%



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
($ in thousands)				Tiptree Capital
	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	85,584		$	(894)		$	(3,597)		$	(28,105)	$	52,988
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(22,936)			231			419			(6,833)		(29,119)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) (1)	10,602			(933)			5,885			—		15,554
Plus: Intangibles amortization (2)	12,667			—			—			—		12,667
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	1,238			—			—			5,032		6,270
Plus: Non-recurring expenses (3)	2,476			—			—			—		2,476
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments (4)	(2,611)			—			—			—		(2,611)
Plus: Impact of tax deconsolidation of Fortegra (5)	—			—			—			10,210		10,210
Less: Tax on adjustments (6)	(3,919)			207			(1,070)			1,468		(3,314)
Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	83,101		$	(1,389)		$	1,637		$	(18,228)	$	65,121
Less: Impact of non-controlling interests	(17,058)			—			—			—		(17,058)
Adjusted net income	$	66,043		$	(1,389)		$	1,637		$	(18,228)	$	48,063

Adjusted net income (before NCI)	$	83,101		$	(1,389)		$	1,637		$	(18,228)	$	65,121
Average stockholders’ equity	$	365,375		$	54,411		$	103,332		$	15,456	$	538,574
Adjusted return on average equity (7)	30.3		%	(3.4)		%	2.1		%	NM%		16.1		%

(1) Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) added back in Adjusted net income excludes net realized and unrealized gains (losses) from the mortgage segment and unrealized gains (losses) on mortgage servicing rights.
(2) Specifically associated with acquisition purchase accounting. See Note (8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net.

(3) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, included in other expenses were expenses related to legal and other expenses associated with preparation of the registration statement for the withdrawn Fortegra initial public offering in 2024 and acquisitions of services businesses in 2023, respectively.

(4) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, non-cash fair-value adjustments represent a change in fair value of the Fortegra Additional Warrant liability.

(5) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, included in the adjustment is an add-back of $5.9 million and $16.7 million, respectively, and $4.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively, related to deferred tax expense from the WP Transaction.

(6) Tax on adjustments represents the tax applied to the total non-GAAP adjustments and includes adjustments for non-recurring or discrete tax impacts.

(7) Total Adjusted return on average equity after non-controlling interests was 24.8% and 17.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, based on $27.9 million and $17.9 million of Adjusted net income over $449.2 million and $399.0 million of average Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity. Total Adjusted return on average equity after non-controlling interests was 22.1% and 16.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, based on $72.8 million and $48.1 million of Adjusted net income over $439.4 million and $396.7 million of average Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as book value is frequently used by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis. The following table provides a reconciliation between total stockholders’ equity and total shares outstanding, net of treasury shares.




($ in thousands, except per share information)	As of September 30,
	2024		2023
Total stockholders’ equity	$	656,200	$	543,573
Less: Non-controlling interests	194,254		147,482
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests	$	461,946	$	396,091

Total common shares outstanding	36,790		36,750

Book value per share	$	12.56	$	10.78

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal sources of liquidity are unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments and distributions from operating subsidiaries, including income from our investment portfolio and sales of assets and investments. We intend to use our cash resources to continue to fund our operations and grow our businesses. We may seek additional sources of cash to fund acquisitions or investments. These additional sources of cash may take the form of debt or equity and may be at the parent, subsidiary or asset level. We are a holding company, and our liquidity needs are primarily for compensation, professional fees, office rent and insurance costs.

Our subsidiaries’ ability to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make cash distributions will be subject to numerous business and other factors, including restrictions contained in agreements for the strategic investment by Warburg in Fortegra, our subsidiaries’ financing agreements, regulatory restrictions, availability of sufficient funds at such subsidiaries, general economic and business conditions, tax considerations, strategic plans, financial results and other factors such as target capital ratios and ratio levels anticipated by rating agencies to maintain or improve current ratings. We expect our cash and cash equivalents and distributions from operating subsidiaries, our subsidiaries’ access to financing, and sales of investments to be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months, as well as the long term.

As of September 30, 2024, cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, were $396.2 million, compared to $468.7 million as of December 31, 2023, a decrease of $72.5 million, primarily driven by the increase in investments, repayment of corporate debt, partially offset by cash flow from operations at our insurance business.

Our insurance business uses borrowings to fund long-term growth and for operational working capital purposes. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, a total of $100.0 million and $130.0 million, respectively, was outstanding under the revolving line of credit in our insurance business. The maximum borrowing capacity under the agreements as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $200.0 million.

Our mortgage business relies on short term uncommitted sources of financing as a part of their normal course of operations. To date, we have been able to obtain and renew uncommitted warehouse credit facilities. If we were not able to obtain financing, then we may need to draw on other sources of liquidity to fund our mortgage business. See Note (10) Debt, net in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our insurance and mortgage borrowings.

We believe that cash flow from operations will provide sufficient capital to continue to grow the business and fund interest on the outstanding debt, capital expenditures and other general corporate needs over the next several years. As we continue to expand our business, including by any acquisitions we may make, we may, in the future, require additional working capital for increased costs.

Consolidated Comparison of Cash Flows


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	170,799	$	93,566
Investing activities	(146,198)		(144,721)
Financing activities	(17,980)		39,605
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	5,188		(1,935)
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	11,809	$	(13,485)

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $170.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. In 2024, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included growth in insurance premiums written resulting in increases in policy liabilities and unpaid claims, deferred revenues and unearned premiums, which were partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and prepaid reinsurance premiums and decreases in reinsurance payables.

Cash provided by operating activities was $93.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In 2023, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included growth in insurance premiums written resulting in increases in deferred revenues, unearned premiums, policy liabilities and unpaid claims, reinsurance payables and other liabilities and accrued expenses which were partially offset by increases in notes and accounts receivable and reinsurance receivables.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $146.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. In 2024, the primary use of cash was the purchases of investments outpacing proceeds from sales and maturities, in addition to the issuance of notes receivable exceeding proceeds from notes receivable.

Cash used in investing activities was $144.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In 2023, the primary uses of cash were the purchases of investments outpacing the proceeds from the sale of investments, as well as the acquisition of Premia.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. In 2024, the cash used was primarily repayments of corporate borrowings at Fortegra and the payment of common and preferred dividends, partially offset by a non-controlling interest contribution to Fortegra.

Cash provided by financing activities was $39.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In 2023, the cash provided was primarily proceeds from corporate borrowings and mortgage warehouse facilities which exceeded repayments, partially offset by non-controlling interests distributions and the payment of dividends.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates as discussed in Part II, Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently adopted and issued accounting standards, see the section “ Recent Accounting Standards” in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 described our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. There were no material changes to the assumptions or risks during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Our legal proceedings are discussed under the heading “Litigation” in Note (20) Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding factors that could affect our Company, results of operations and financial condition, see the risk factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes in those risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Share repurchase activity for three months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


Period	Purchaser	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value ($ in thousands of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
July 1, 2024 to July 31, 2024	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
August 1, 2024 to August 31, 2024	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
September 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
	Total	—	$	—	—	$	11,945

(1) On November 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of Tiptree authorized Tiptree’s Executive Committee to repurchase up to $20 million of its outstanding common stock in the aggregate from time to time.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules


The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-Q:

Financial Statements (Unaudited):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023			F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023			F- 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023			F- 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023			F- 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023			F- 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements			F- 9

Exhibits:
The Exhibits listed in the Index of Exhibits, which appears immediately following the signature page, is incorporated herein by reference and is filed as part of this Form 10-Q.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Tiptree Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.

Tiptree Inc.

Date:

October 30, 2024

By:/s/ Michael Barnes

Michael Barnes

Executive Chairman

Date:

October 30, 2024

By:/s/ Jonathan Ilany

Jonathan Ilany

Chief Executive Officer

Date:

October 30, 2024

By:/s/ Scott McKinney

Scott McKinney

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.			Description
31.1			Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.3			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1			Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.2			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.3			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

101.INS			XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104			Cover page from Tiptree’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

* Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

** Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Exhibits

31.1 Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.2 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 31.3 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). 32.1 Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 32.2 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). 32.3 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).

TIPT 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2024

Exhibits