TLK 20-F Report ended April 1, 2016

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

________________

Form 20-F

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number 1-14406

________________

Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero)

PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Telecommunications Indonesia

(a state-owned public limited liability company)

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

________________

Republic of Indonesia

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Jl. Japati No. 1, Bandung 40133, Indonesia

(Address of principal executive offices)

Investor Relations Unit

Grha Merah Putih , Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 52, 5 ^th Floor, Jakarta 12710, Indonesia

(62) (22) 452-7101

(62) (21) 521-5109

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

________________

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

PART II

PART III

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DEFINITIONS

3G

The generic term for third generation mobile telecommunications technology. 3G offers high speed connections to cellular phones and other mobile devices, enabling video conference and other applications requiring broadband connectivity to the internet.

3.5G

A grouping of disparate mobile telephony and data technologies designed to provide better performance than 3G systems, as an interim step towards deployment of full 4G capability.

4G/LTE

A fourth generation super fast internet network technology based on Internet Protocol (IP) that makes the process of data transfer much faster and stable.

Adjusted EBITDA

We calculate A djusted EBITDA by calculating operating profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, loss on foreign exchange, other income and other expenses. Adjusted EBITDA and other related ratios in this Annual Report serve as additional indicators on our performance and liquidity, which is a non-GAAP financial measure.

ADS

American Depositary Share (also known as an American Depositary Receipt, or an “ADR”), a certificate traded on a U.S. securities market (such as New York Stock Exchange) representing a number of foreign shares. Each of our ADS represents 200 of our Series B shares having a par value of Rp50 per share ("common stock").

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, a type of digital subscriber line technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voice band modem can provide.

APMK

Alat Pembayaran Menggunakan Kartu or card-based payment instruments, a payment instrument in the form of credit cards, Automated Teller Machine (“ATM”) and/or debit cards.

ARPU

Average Revenue per User, a measure used primarily by telecommunications and networking companies which states how much money we make from the average user. It is defined as the total revenue from specified services divided by the number of consumers for those services.

Backbone

The main telecommunications network consisting of transmission and switching facilities connecting several network access nodes. The transmission links between nodes and switching facilities include microwave, submarine cable, satellite, optical fiber and other transmission technology.

Bandwidth

The capacity of a communication link.

Bapepam-LK

Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan , or the Indonesian Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency, the predecessor to the OJK.

Broadband

A signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range (or band) of frequencies.

BSC

Base Station Controller, an equipment responsible for radio resource allocation to mobile station, frequency administration and handover between BTSs controlled by the BSC.

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BSS

Base Station Subsystem, the section of a cellular telephone network responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and the network switching subsystem. A BSS is composed of two parts: the BTS and the BSC.

BTS

Base Transceiver Station, equipment that transmits and receives radio telephony signals to and from other telecommunication systems.

BWA

Broadband Wireless Access, a technology that provides high speed wireless internet access or computer networking access over a wide area.

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access, a transmission technology where each transmission is sent over multiple frequencies and a unique code is assigned to each data or voice transmission, allowing multiple users to share the same frequency spectrum.

CPE

Customer Premises Equipment, any handset, receiver, set-top box or other equipment used by the consumer of wireless, fixed line or broadband services, which is the property of the network operator and located on the customer premises.

DCS

Digital Communication System, a mobile cellular system using GSM technology operating in the 1.8 GHz frequency band.

Defined Benefit Pension Plan

A type of pension plan in which an employer promises a specified monthly benefit on retirement that is predetermined by a formula based on the employee’s earnings history, tenure of service and age, rather than depending on investment returns. It is considered ‘defined’ in the sense that the formula for computing the employer’s contribution is known in advance.

Defined Contribution Pension Plan

A type of retirement plan in which the amount of the employer’s annual contribution is specified. Individual accounts are set up for participants and benefits are based on the amounts credited to these accounts (through employer contributions and, if applicable, employee contributions) plus any investment earnings on the money in the account. Only employer contributions to the account are guaranteed, not the future benefits. In defined contribution plans, future benefits fluctuate on the basis of investment earnings.

DLD
Domestic Long Distance, a long distance call service designed for customers who live in different areas but still within one country. These areas normally have different area codes.

DTH

Direct-to-Home satellite broadcasting, the distribution of television signals from high-powered geostationary satellites to small dish antennas and satellite receivers in homes across the country.

e-Business
Electronic Business solutions, including electronic payment services, internet data centers and content and application solutions. Refer to “New Economy Business (“NEB”) and Strategic Business Opportunities Portfolio” under Business Overview.

e-Commerce

Electronic Commerce, the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks.

e-Money

Electronic Money, money or script that is only exchanged electronically.

e-Payment

Also known as electronic funds transfer, the electronic exchange or transfer of money from one account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, through computer-based systems.

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E1

The backbone transmission unit which operates over two separate sets of wires, usually twisted pair cable. E1 data rate is 2,048 Mbps (full duplex), which is divided into 32 timeslots.

Earth Station

The antenna and associated equipment used to receive or transmit telecommunication signals via satellite.

EDGE

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution, a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM.

Edutainment

Education and Entertainment.

Fixed Line

Fixed wireline and fixed wireless.

Fixed Wireless

The local wireless transmission link using a cellular, microwave, or radio technology to connect customers at a fixed location to the local telephone exchange.

Fixed Wireline

A fixed wire or cable path linking a subscriber at a fixed location to a local exchange, usually with an individual phone number.

FTT H
F iber T o T he H ome are the implementation of fiber optic network that reaches up to customer point or known as customer premise.

Gateway

A peripheral that bridges a packet based network (IP) and a circuit based network (PSTN).

Gb

Gigabyte, a unit of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity.

Gbps

Gigabyte per second, the average number of bits, characters, or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission system. This is typically measured in multiples of the unit bit per second or byte per second.

GHz

Gigahertz. The hertz (symbol Hz), the international standard unit of frequency defined as the number of cycles per second of a periodic phenomenon.

GMS

General Meeting of Shareholders, which may be an Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (“AGMS”) or an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders (“EGMS”).

GPON

Gigabyte-Passive Optical Network, the most widely deployed type of passive optical network system that brings optical fiber cabling and signals all or most of the way to end users.

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service, a data packet switching technology that allows information to be sent and received across a mobile network and only utilizes the network when there is data to be sent.

GSM

Global System for Mobile Telecommunication, a European standard for digital cellular telephone.

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Homepass

A connection with access to fixed line voice, IPTV and broadband services.

IDD

International Direct Dialing, a service that allows a subscriber to make an international call without the assistance or intervention of an operator from any telephone terminal.

IMT-2000

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000, a body of specifications provided by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide area wireless voice telephone, mobile internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

Installed Lines

Complete lines fully built-out to the distribution point and ready to be connected to subscribers.

Interconnection

The physical linking of a carrier’s network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network.

IP

Internet Protocol, the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.

IP Core

A block of logic data that is used in making a field programmable gate array or application-specific integrated circuit for a product.

IP DSLAM

Internet Protocol-Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer, a network device located near the customer’s location that allows telephone lines to make faster connections to the internet by connecting multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs) to a high-speed internet backbone line using multiplexing techniques.

IPO

Initial Public Offering, the first sale of stock by a company to the public.

IPTV

Internet Protocol Television, a system through which television services are delivered using the Internet Protocol suite over a packet-switched network such as the internet, instead of being delivered through traditional terrestrial, satellite signal, and cable television formats.

ISP

Internet Services Provider , an organization that provides access to the internet.

KSO

Kerjasama Operasi, a form of joint operation agreement that includes build, operate and transfer which arrangement was previously used by Telkom, in which the consortium partners invest and operate facilities owned by Telkom in regional divisions. The consortium partners are owned by international operators and national private companies or Telkom.

KPPU

Komisi Pengawasan Persaingan Usaha , or Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition

Lambda

Lambda indicates the wavelength of any wave, especially in physics, electronics engineering and mathematics.

Leased Line

A dedicated telecommunications transmissions line linking one fixed point to another, rented from an operator for exclusive uses.

Mbps

Megabyte per second, a measure of speed for digital signal transmission expressed in millions of bits per second.

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Metro Ethernet

Bridge or relationship between locations that are apart geographically, this network connects LAN customers at several different locations.

MHz

Megahertz, a unit of measure of frequency equal to one million cycles per second.

Mobile Broadband

The marketing term for wireless internet access through a portable modem, mobile phone, USB Wireless Modem or other mobile devices.

MoCI

The Ministry of Communication and Information, to which regulatory responsibility over telecommunications was transferred from the Ministry of Communication (“MoC”) in February 2005.

MSAN

Multi Service Access Node, represent the third generation of optical access network technology and are single platforms capable of supporting traditional, widely deployed, access technologies and services as well as emerging ones, while simultaneously providing a gateway to a NGN core. MSAN will enable us to provide triple play services that distribute high speed internet access, voice packet services and IPTV services simultaneously through the same infrastructure.

MSOE

Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara , or the Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises.

Network Access Point

A public network exchange facility where ISPs connected with one another in peering arrangements.

NGN

Next Generation Network, a general term that refers to a packet-based network able to provide services, including telecommunication services, and able to make use of multiple broadband, quality of service enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport related technologies. A NGN is intended to be able to, with one network, transport various services (voice, data, and various media such as video) by encapsulating these into packets, similar to how such packets are transmitted on the internet. NGNs are commonly built around the Internet Protocol.

Node B

A BTS for a 3G W-CDMA/UMTS network.

OJK

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan , or the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, the successor of Bapepam-LK, is an independent institution with authority to regulate and supervise financial services activities in the banking sector, capital market sector as well as non-bank financial industry sector.

Optical Fiber

Cables using optical fiber and laser technology through which modulating light beams representing data are transmitted through thin filaments of glass.

Over The Top

A generic term commonly used to refer to the delivery of audio, video and other media over the internet without the involvement of a multiple-system operator in the control or distribution of the content .

Pay TV

Pay Television, premium television, or premium channels, subscription-based television services, usually provided by both analog and digital cable and satellite, but also increasingly via digital terrestrial and internet television.

PDN

Packet Data Network, a digital communications network which breaks a group data to be transmitted into segments called packets, which are then routed independently.

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PKLN

Tim Pinjaman Komersial Luar Negeri , or Foreign Commercial Loan Coordinating Team, an inter-agency team of the Government charged with, among others, considering requests of Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises such as us for consent to obtain foreign commercial loans.

POWL

Public Offering Without Listing.

Premium SMS

Premium Short Message Service, a text messaging service component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone devices.

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network, a telephone network operated and maintained by us and the KSO Units for us and on our behalf.

Pulse

The unit in the calculation of telephone charge.

Radio Frequency Spectrum

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum corresponding to radio frequencies, i.e. frequencies lower than around 300 GHz (or, equivalently, wavelengths longer than about 1 mm).

RIO

Reference Interconnection Offer, a regulatory term covering all facilities, including interconnection tariffs, technical facilities and administrative issues offered by one telecommunications operator to other telecommunications operator for interconnection access.

RMJ
Regional Metro Junction, an inter-city cable network installation service in one regional (region/province).

Roaming

A general term referring to the extension of connectivity service in a location that is different from the home location where the service was registered.

Satellite Transponder

Radio relay equipment embedded in a satellite that receives signals from earth and amplifies and transmits the signal back to the earth.

SCCS

Submarine Communications Cable System, a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean.

SME

Small and Medium Enterprise.

SMS

Short Messaging Service, a technology allowing the exchange of text messages between mobile phones and between fixed wireless phones.

SOE

State-Owned Enterprise, a Government-owned corporation, state-owned company, state-owned entity, state enterprise, publicly owned corporation, Government business enterprise, or parastatal, a legal entity created by a Government to undertake commercial activities on behalf of an owner Government.

Softswitch

A central device in a telephone network that connects calls from one phone line to another, entirely by means of software running on a computer system. This work was formerly carried out by hardware, with physical switchboards to route the calls.

STM-1

Synchronous Transport Module level-1, the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard with a bit rate of 155.52 Mbps. The other standards are STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64.

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Switch

A mechanical, electrical or electronic device that opens or closes circuits, completes or breaks an electrical path, or selects paths or circuits, used to route traffic in a telecommunications network.

Terra Router

Terra Router or terabit router on the theory allows the network capacity on a scale of terabits (1 terabit = 1 million gigabits).

TIME S

Telecommunication, Information, Media , Edutainment and Service .

TPE

a normalized way to refer to transponder bandwidth it simple means how many transponders would be used if the same total bandwidths used only 36 Mt transponder (1 TPE = 36 MHz).

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telephone System, one of the 3G mobile systems being developed within the ITU’s IMT-2000 framework.

USO

Universal Service Obligation, the service obligation imposed by the Government on all telecommunications services providers for the purpose of providing public services in Indonesia.

VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol, a means of sending voice information using the IP.

VPN

Virtual Private Network, a secure private network connection, built on top of publicly-accessible infrastructure, such as the internet or the public telephone network. VPNs typically employ some combination of encryption, digital certificates, strong user authentication and access control to secure the traffic they carry. These provide connectivity to many machines behind a gateway or firewall.

VSAT

Very Small Aperture Terminal, a relatively small antenna, typically 1.5 to 3.0 meters in diameter, placed in the user’s premises and used for two-way communications by satellite.

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CERTAIN DEFINITIONS, CONVENTIONS AND GENERAL INFORMATION

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 20-F to the “Company”, “ Telkom ”, “we”, “us”, and “our” are to Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero) PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references to “Indonesia” are references to the Republic of Indonesia. All references to the “Government” herein are references to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. References to “United States” or “US” are to the United States of America. References to “United Kingdom” or “UK” are to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. References to "Rupiah", “Indonesian Rupiah” or “Rp” are to the lawful currency of Indonesia. References to “US Dollar” or “US$” are to the lawful currency of the United States. Certain figures (including percentages) have been rounded for convenience, and therefore indicated and actual sums, quotients, percentages and ratios may differ.

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 included in this Form 20-F (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

T he financial statements of 10 of our subsidiaries have been consolidated into the Consolidated Financial Statements. The 10 companies are PT Telekomunikasi Selular (“Telkomsel”, in which we own a 65.0% stake), PT Dayamitra Telekomunikasi (“ Mitratel ”, a wholly-owned subsidiary), PT Multimedia Nusantara (“Metra”, a wholly-owned subsidiary), PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia International ( “ Telin ” , a wholly-owned subsidiary), PT PIN S Indo n esia (“PINS”, previously PT Pramindo Ikat Nusantara, a wholly-owned subsidiary), PT Graha Sarana Duta (“Telkom Property”, in which we own a 99.99% stake), PT Telkom Akses (“Telkom Akses”, a wholly-owned subsidiary), PT Patra Telekomunikasi Indonesia (“Patrakom”, a wholly-owned subsidiary) , PT Infrastruktur Tel e komunikasi Indonesia (“Telkom Infratel”, a wholly-owned subsidiary) and PT Napsindo Primatel Internasional (“Napsindo”, in which we own a 60% stake). See Note 1d to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Solely for the convenience of the reader, certain Indonesian Rupiah amounts have been converted into US Dollars at specified rates. Unless otherwise indicated, US Dollars equivalent information for amounts in Indonesian Rupiah are converted at the Reuters Rate for December 31, 2015 at 04.00PM Jakarta time, which was Rp13,785 to US$1.00. The exchange rate of Indonesian Rupiah for US Dollars on March 28, 2016 was Rp13,323 to US$1.00 based on the middle exchange which is calculated based on the Bank Indonesia buying and selling rate. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not certify for customs purposes a noon buying rate for cable transfers in Indonesian Rupiah. No representation is made that the Indonesian Rupiah or US Dollar amounts shown herein could have been or could be converted into US Dollar or Indonesian Rupiah, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. See Item 3 “Key Information – Selected Financial Data – Exchange Controls” for further information regarding rates of exchange between the Indonesian Rupiah and the US Dollar.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 20-F contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our expectations and projections for our future operating performance and business prospects. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project” and similar words identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 20-F are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements herein are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes in the economic, social and political environments in Indonesia. This Form 20-F discloses, under Item 3 “Key Information – Risk Factors” and elsewhere, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations.

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PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present our selected consolidated financial information and operating statistics as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The selected financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 201 2 , 2013, 2014 and 2015 presented below is based upon our audited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB. The selected financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 201 1 , 201 2 , 2013, 2014 and 2015 should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, and the other information include elsewhere in this Form 20-F and in our previous Form 20 - F filed with the SEC on April 2, 201 5 .

The Public Accountant Firm (“KAP”) Purwantono, Sungkoro & Surja (formerly Purwantono, Suherman & Surja) (a member firm of Ernst & Young Global Limited) ("Purwantono, Sungkoro & Surja") audited our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 were audited by KAP Tanudiredja, Wibisana & Rekan (a member firm of the PwC global network).

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(1) Expenses are calculated as the sum of the following expenses: operations, maintenance and telecommunication service, depreciation and amortization, personnel, interconnection, general and administrative, marketing, loss on foreign exchange - net, share of loss of associated companies and other expenses.

(2) Using IFAS results, our profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent company would be Rp10,965 billion, Rp12,850 billion, Rp14,205 billion , Rp14,471 billion and R p15,489 billion for 2011 , 2012, 2013 , 2014 (As restated) and 2015 , and our net income per share would be Rp 111.93 , Rp 133.84 , Rp147.42 , Rp148.13 and R p157.77 for 2011 , 2012, 2013 , 2014 ( A s restated) and 201 5 . We distribute dividends based on profit attributable to owners of the parent company and net income per share determined in reliance on IFAS.

(3) In 2011, we paid a cash dividend for 2010 of Rp 61.71 per share. In 2012, we paid a cash dividend for 2011 of Rp 74.29 per share. In 2013, we paid a cash dividend for 2012 of Rp 8 7 . 24 per share . I n 2014, we paid a cash dividend for 2013 of Rp102.40 per share and in 2015, we paid a cash dividend for 2014 of Rp89.46 per share.

(1) We calculate a djusted EBITDA by calculating operating profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, loss on foreign exchange, other income and other expenses. Adjusted EBITDA and other related ratios in this Annual Report serve as additional indicators on our performance and liquidity, which is a non - GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA is presented because our management believes that it is widely used by investors in their analysis of our performance and can assist them in their comparison of our performance with those of other companies in the telecommunications, information and media sector. We also present adjusted EBITDA because it is used by some investors as a way to measure a company’s ability to incur and service debt, make capital expenditures and meet working capital requirements. Companies in the telecommunications, information and media sector have historically reported adjusted EBITDA as a supplement to financial measures in accordance with IFRS or US GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our performance, nor should adjusted EBITDA be considered an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity or as an alternative to any other measure determined in accordance with IFRS. Unlike net income, adjusted EBITDA does not include depreciation and amortization or financing costs and, therefore, does not reflect current or future capital expenditures or the cost of capital. We compensate for these limitations by using adjusted EBITDA as only one of several comparative tools, together with IFRS-based measurements, to assist in the evaluation of operating performance. Such IFRS-based measurements include profit before income tax, profit for the year, cash flows from operations and cash flow data. We have significant uses of cash flows, including capital expenditures, interest payments, debt principal repayments, taxes and other non-recurring charges, which are not reflected in adjusted EBITDA. Our calculation of adjusted EBITDA may be different from the calculation methods used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited.

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(1) As of December 31, 2015, our issued and paid-up capital consists of one Series A Dwiwarna S hare having a par value of Rp50 (the “Dwiwarna Share”) and 100,799,996,399 S eries B s hares having a par value of Rp50 per share ( "common stock" ) each from an authorized capital stock comprising one Series A Dwiwarna Share and 399,999,999,999 Series B S hares.

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Exchange Controls

Exchange Rate Information

The following table shows the exchange rate of Indonesian Rupiah to US Dollar based on the middle exchange rate which is calculated based on the Bank Indonesia buying and selling rates for the periods indicated.

Under the current exchange rate system, the exchange rate of the Indonesian rupiah is determined by the market, reflecting the interaction of supply and demand in the market. However, Bank Indonesia may take measures to maintain a stable exchange rate. For the year 2015, the average rate of Rupiah to the US Dollar was Rp13 , 392, with the lowest and highest rates being Rp14,728 and Rp12,444, respectively.

The exchange rates used for conversion of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are the bid and offer rates published by Reuters in 201 3 , 201 4 and 201 5 . The Reuters bid and offer rates, applied respectively to monetary assets and liabilities, were Rp12,160 and Rp12,180 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2013 , Rp12,380 and Rp12,390 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 201 4 and Rp13,780 and Rp13,790 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2015.

The Consolidated Financial Statements are stated in Rupiah. The conversion of Rupiah amounts into US Dollar are included solely for the convenience of the readers and have been made using the average of the market bid and offer rates of Rp13,785 to US$1.00 published by Reuters on December 31, 2015 .

On March 2 8 , 201 6 , the Reuters bid and offer rates were Rp 13,365 and Rp 13,370 to US$1.00.

Foreign Exchange Controls

Indonesia operates a liberal foreign exchange system that permits the free flow of foreign exchange. Capital transactions, including remittances of capital, profits, dividends and interest, are free of exchange controls. A number of regulations, however, have an impact on the exchange system. For example, only banks are authorized to deal in foreign exchange and execute exchange transactions related to the import and export of goods. In addition, Indonesian banks (including branches of foreign banks in Indonesia) are required to report to Bank Indonesia any fund transfers exceeding US$10,000. As an SOE , and based on the decree of the Head of PKLN, we are required to obtain an approval from PKLN prior to acquiring foreign commercial loans and must submit periodical reports to PKLN during the term of the loans.

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B. CAPITALIZATION AND I

NDEBTEDNESS

Not applicable.

C. REASON FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

D. RISK FACTORS

A. Risks Related to Indonesia

1. Political and Social Risks

Current political and social events in Indonesia may adversely affect our business

Since 1998, Indonesia has experienced a process of democratic change, resulting in political and social events that have highlighted the unpredictable nature of Indonesia’s changing political landscape. In 1999, Indonesia conducted its first free elections for representatives in parliament. In 2004, 2009 and 2014, elections were held in Indonesia to elect the President, Vice-President and representatives in parliament . Indonesia also has many political parties, without any one party holding a clear majority. Due to these factors, Indonesia has, from time to time, experienced political instability, as well as general social and civil unrest. For example, since 2000, thousands of Indonesians have participated in demonstrations in Jakarta and other Indonesian cities both for and against former President Abdurahman Wahid, former President Megawati, and former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono as well as in response to specific issues, including fuel subsidy reductions, privatization of state assets, anti-corruption measures, decentralization and provincial autonomy and the American-led military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq. Although these demonstrations were generally peaceful, some turned violent.

President Joko Widodo won the Indonesian presidential elections which took place in July 2014, and was sworn in as President of the Republic of Indonesia on October 20, 2014. Although the April 2009, July 2009, April 2014 and July 2014 elections were conducted in a peaceful manner, President Joko Widodo's governing coalition currently holds a minority of seats in parliament. In addition, the relatively closely fought 2014 presidential election, the challenge from the losing candidate in the 2014 election and the delay of the conclusion of the election result, as well as political campaigns in Indonesia, may be indicative of the degree of political and social division in Indonesia .

Indonesia announced in November 2014, and implemented with effect from January 1, 2015, a fixed diesel subsidy of Rp1 , 000 per liter and scrapped the gasoline subsidy. Although the implementation did not result in any significant violence or political instability, the announcement and implementation also coincided with a period where crude oil prices had dropped very significantly from 2014. Currently, the Government reviews and adjusts the price for fuel on monthly basis and implements the adjusted fuel price in the following month. There can be no assurance that future increases in crude oil and fuel prices will not result in political and social instability.

Separatist movements and clashes between religious and ethnic groups have also resulted in social and civil unrest in parts of Indonesia, such as Aceh in the past and in Papua currently, where there have been clashes between supporters of those separatist movements and the Indonesian military, including continued activity in Papua, by separatist rebels that has led to violent incidents . There have also been inter-ethnic conflict s , for example in Kalimantan, as well as inter-religious conflict such as in Maluku and Poso.

Labor issues have also come to the fore in Indonesia. In 2003, the Government enacted a new labor law that gave employees greater protections. Occasional efforts to reduce these protections have prompted an upsurge in public protests as workers responded to policies that they deemed unfavorable.

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There can be no assurance that social and civil disturbances will not occur in the future and on a wider scale, or that any such disturbances will not, directly or indirectly, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Terrorist activities in Indonesia could destabilize Indonesia, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the market price of our securities

There have been a number of terrorist incidents in Indonesia, including the May 2005 bombing in Central Sulawesi, the Bali bombings in October 2002 and 2005 and the bombings at the JW Marriot and Ritz Carlton hotels in Jakarta in July 2009, which resulted in deaths and injuries . O n January 14, 2016 , several coordinated bombings and gun shootings occurred in Jalan Thamrin, Jakarta, resulting in a number of deaths and injuries.

Although the Government has successfully countered some terrorist activities in recent years and arrested several of those suspected of being involved in these incidents, terrorist incidents may continue and, if serious or widespread, might have a material adverse effect on investment and confidence in, and the performance of, the Indonesian economy and may also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and the market price of our securities.

2. Macro Economic Risks

Negative changes in global, regional or Indonesian economic activity could adversely affect our business

Changes in the Indonesian, regional and global economies can affect our performance. Two significant events in the past that impacted Indonesia’s economy were the Asian economic crisis of 1997 and the global economic crisis which started in 2008. The 1997 crisis was characterized in Indonesia by, among others, currency depreciation, a significant decline in real gross domestic product, high interest rates, social unrest and extraordinary political developments . W hile the global economic crisis that arose from the subprime mortgage crisis in the US did not affect Indonesia's economy as severely as in 1997, it still put Indonesia’s economy under pressure. The global financial markets have also experienced volatility as a result of expectations relating to monetary and interest rate policies of the United States, concerns over the debt crisis in the Eurozone, and concerns over China's economic health . Uncertainty over the outcome of the Eurozone governments’ financial support programs and worries about sovereign finances generally are ongoing. If the crisis becomes protracted, we can provide no assurance that it will not have a material and adverse effect on Indonesia’s economic growth and consequently on our business.

Adverse economic conditions could result in less business activity, less disposable income available for consumers to spend and reduced consumer purchasing power, which may reduce demand for communication services, including our services, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. There is no assurance that there will not be a recurrence of economic instability in future, or that, should it occur, it will not have an impact on the performance of our business.

Fluctuations in the value of the Indonesian Rupiah may materially and adversely affect us

Our functional currency is the Rupiah. One of the most important effects of the Asian economic crisis that affected Indonesia was the depreciation and volatility in the value of the Indonesian Rupiah as measured against other currencies, such as the US Dollar. The Rupiah continues to experience significant volatility . From 20 11 to 201 5 , the Indonesian Rupiah per US Dollar exchange rate ranged from a high of Rp 8,460 per US Dollar to a low of Rp 14,728 per US Dollar. As a result, we recorded foreign exchange losses of Rp249 billion in 2013, Rp 14 billion in 2014 and Rp46 billion in 2015. As of December 31, 2015, the Indonesian Rupiah per US Dollar exchange rate stood at Rp13,795 per US Dollar compared to Rp12,440 per US Dollar as of December 31, 2014.

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To the extent that the Indonesian Rupiah depreciates further from the exchange rate as of December 2015, our US Dollar-denominated obligations under our accounts payable and procurements payable, as well as payments for foreign currency-denominated loans payable and bonds payable, would increase in Indonesian Rupiah terms. A depreciation of the Rupiah would also increase the Rupiah cost of our capital expenditures as most of our capital expenditures are priced in or with reference to foreign currencies, mainly US Dollars and Euros, while a substantial majority of our revenues are in Rupiah. Such depreciation of the Indonesian Rupiah would result in losses on foreign exchange translation, significantly affect our total expenses and net income and reduce the US Dollar amounts of dividends received by holders of our ADSs. We can give no assurances that we will be able to control or manage our exchange rate risk successfully in the future or that we will not be adversely affected by our exposure to exchange rate risk.

In addition, while the Indonesian Rupiah has generally been freely convertible and transferable, from time to time, Bank Indonesia has intervened in the currency exchange markets in furtherance of its policies, either by selling Indonesian Rupiah or by using its foreign currency reserves to purchase Indonesian Rupiah. We can give no assurances that the current floating exchange rate policy of Bank Indonesia will not be modified or that the Government will take additional action to stabilize, maintain or increase the Indonesian Rupiah’s value, or that any of these actions, if taken, will be successful. Modification of the current floating exchange rate policy could result in significantly higher domestic interest rates, liquidity shortages, capital or exchange controls or the withholding of additional financial assistance by multinational lenders. This could result in a reduction of economic activity, an economic recession, loan defaults or declining subscriber usage of our services, and as a result, we may also face difficulties in funding our capital expenditures and in implementing our business strategy. Any of the foregoing consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Downgrades of credit ratings of the Government or Indonesian companies could adversely affect our business

As of the date of this Annual Report, Indonesia’s sovereign foreign currency long-term debt was rated “Baa3” by Moody’s, “BB+” by Standard & Poor’s and “BB B- ” by Fitch Ratings. Indonesia's short-term foreign currency debt is rated “B” by Standard & Poor’s and “F3” by Fitch Ratings.

We can give no assurances that Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch Ratings, will not change or downgrade the credit ratings of Indonesia. Any such downgrade could have an adverse impact on liquidity in the Indonesian financial markets, the ability of the Government and Indonesian companies, including us, to raise additional financing and the interest rates and other commercial terms at which such additional financing is available. Interest rates on our floating rate Rupiah-denominated debt would also likely increase. Such events could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and/or the market price of our securities.

3. Disaster Risks

Indonesia is vulnerable to natural disasters and events beyond our control, which could adversely affect our business and operating results

Many parts of Indonesia, including areas where we operate, are prone to natural disasters such as floods, lightning strikes, typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, fires, droughts, power outages and other events beyond our control. The Indonesian archipelago is one of the most volcanically active regions in the world as it is located in the convergence zone of three major lithospheric plates. It is subject to significant seismic activity that can lead to destructive earthquakes, tsunamis or tidal waves. Flash floods and more widespread flooding also occur regularly during the rainy season from November to April. Cities, especially Jakarta, are frequently subject to severe localized flooding which can result in major disruption and occasionally, fatalities.  Landslides regularly occur in rural areas during the wet season. From time to time, natural disasters have killed, affected or displaced large numbers of people and damaged our equipment. These events in the past, and may in the future, disrupt our business activities, cause damage to equipment and adversely affect our financial performance and profit.

For example, on September 2, 2009, an earthquake in West Java caused damage to our assets. On September 30, 2009, an earthquake in West Sumatra disrupted the provision of telecommunications services in several locations. Although our Crisis Management Team in cooperation with our employees and partners was able to restore services quickly, the earthquake caused severe damage to our assets.

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Although we have implemented a Business Continuity Plan (“BCP”) and a Disaster Recovery Plan (“DRP”), and test these regularly and we have insured certain of our assets to protect from any losses attributable to natural disasters or other phenomena beyond our control, there is no assurance that the insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover the potential losses, that the premium payable for these insurance policies upon renewal will not increase substantially in the future, or that natural disasters would not significantly disrupt our operations.

We cannot assure you that future natural disaster will not have a significant impact on us, or Indonesia or its economy. A significant earthquake, other geological disturbance or weather-related natural disaster in any of Indonesia’s more populated cities and financial centers could severely disrupt the Indonesian economy and undermine investor confidence, thereby materially and adversely affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our operations may be adversely affected by an outbreak of an infectious disease, such as avian influenza, Influenza A (H1N1) virus or other epidemics

An outbreak of an infectious disease such as avian influenza, Influenza A (H1N1) or a similar epidemic, or the measures taken by the Governments of affected countries, including Indonesia, against such an outbreak, could severely disrupt the Indonesian and other economies and undermine investor confidence, thereby materially and adversely affecting our financial condition or results of operations and the market value of its securities. Moreover, our operations could be materially disrupted if our employees remained at home and away from our principal places of business for extended period of time, which would have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations and the market value of its securities.

4. Other Risks

Indonesian c orporate d isclosure s tandards differ in significant respects from those applicable in other countries, including the United States

As a company whose shares are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (“IDX”) and the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), we are subject to regulatory and exchange corporate governance and reporting requirements in multiple jurisdictions. There may be less publicly-available information about Indonesian public companies, including us, than is regularly disclosed by public companies in countries with more mature securities markets. As a result, investors may not have access to the same level and type of disclosure as that available in other countries, and comparisons with other companies in other countries may not be possible in all respects.

Our financial results are reported to the OJK (as the successor to Bapepam-LK) in conformity with IFAS, which differs in certain significant respects from IFRS, and we distribute dividends based on profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent company and net income per share determined in reliance on IFAS

In accordance with the regulations of OJK and the IDX, we are required to report our financial results to the OJK in conformity with IFAS. We have provided to the OJK our financial result for the financial year ended December 31, 2015, on March 3 , 201 6 , which we furnished to the SEC on a Form 6-K dated March 7 , 2016, which contains our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2015 and for the year then ended and prepared in conformity with IFAS. IFAS differs in certain significant respects from IFRS, and, as a result, there are differences between our financial results as reported under IFAS and IFRS, including profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent company and net income per share. We distribute dividends based on profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent company and net income per share determined in reliance on IFAS.

Based on IFAS financial statements, our profit for the year attributable to owners of the parent company would be Rp 14,471 billion and Rp 15,489 billion for 2014 (A s restated ) and 2015 , respectively and our net income per share would be Rp 148.13 and Rp 157.77 for 2014 (A s restated ) and 2015 , respectively. Dividends declared per share were Rp 89.46 for fiscal year 201 4 . The dividends declare per share for the year 2015 will be decided at the 2016 AGMS, scheduled for April 22 , 201 6 .

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We were established in Indonesia and it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process or enforce judgments, on us within the United States or to enforce judgments of a foreign court against us in Indonesia

We are state owned a limited liability company established in Indonesia, operating within the framework of Indonesian laws relating to Indonesian companies with limited liability, and all of our significant assets are located in Indonesia. In addition, our Commissioners and our Directors reside in Indonesia and a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process, or enforce judgments on us or such persons within the US, or to enforce against us or such persons in the US, judgments obtained in US courts.

We have been advised by Hadiputranto, Hadinoto & Partners , our Indonesian legal advisor , that judgments of US courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the US federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the US, are not enforceable in Indonesian courts, although such judgments could be admissible as non-conclusive evidence in a proceeding on the underlying claim in an Indonesian court. They have also advised that there is doubt as to whether Indonesian courts will enter judgments in original actions brought in Indonesian courts predicated solely upon the civil liability provisions of the US federal securities laws or the securities laws of any state within the US. As a result, the claimant would be required to pursue claims against us or such persons in Indonesian courts.

Our controlling shareholder’s interest may differ from those of our other shareholders

The Government has a controlling stake of 52.55 % of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock and the ability to determine the outcome of all actions requiring the approval of the shareholders. The Government also holds our one Series A Dwiwarna S hare, which has special voting rights and veto rights over certain matters, including the election and removal of our Directors and Commissioners. It may also use its powers as majority shareholder or under the Dwiwarna Share to cause us to issue new shares, amend our Articles of Association or bring about actions to merge or dissolve us, increase or decrease our authorized capital or reduce our issued capital, or veto any of these actions. One or more of these may result in the delisting of our securities from certain exchanges. Further, through the MoCI, the Government exercises regulatory power over the Indonesian telecommunications industry.

As of December 31, 2015, the Government had a 14.3% equity stake in PT Indosat Tbk ("Indosat"), which competes with us in fixed IDD telecommunications services and cellular services. The Government's stake in Indosat includes a Series A Dwiwarna share which has special voting rights and veto rights over certain strategic matters under Indosat's a rticles of a ssociation, including decisions on dissolution, liquidation and bankruptcy, and also permits the Government to nominate one d irector to its b oard of d irectors and one c ommissioner to its b oard of c ommissioners. There may thus be instances where the Government’s interests will conflict with ours. There is no assurance that the Government will not direct opportunities to Indosat or favor Indosat when exercising regulatory power over the Indonesian telecommunications industry. If the Government were to give priority to Indosat’s business over ours or to expand its stake in Indosat, our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

B. Risks Related to Our Business

1. Operational Risks

A material failure in the continuing operations of our network, certain key systems, gateways to our network or the networks of other network operators could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects

We depend to a significant degree on the uninterrupted operation of our network to provide our services. For example, we depend on access to our fixed wireline network (“PSTN”) for the operation of our fixed line network and the termination and origination of cellular telephone calls to and from fixed line telephones, and a significant portion of our cellular and international long-distance call traffic is routed through the PSTN. We also depend on access to an internet and broadband network and a cellular network. Our integrated network includes a copper access network, fiber optic access network, BTSs, switching equipment, optical and radio transmission equipment, an IP core network, satellite and application servers.

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In addition, we also rely on interconnection to the networks of other telecommunications operators to carry calls and data from our subscribers to the subscribers of operators both within Indonesia and overseas. We also depend on certain technologically sophisticated management information systems and other systems, such as our customer billing system, to enable us to conduct our operations. Our network, including our information systems, IT and infrastructure and the networks of other operators with whom our subscribers are interconnected, are vulnerable to damage or interruptions in operation from a variety of sources including earthquake, fire, flood, power loss, equipment failure, network software flaws, transmission cable disruption or similar events.

Although we have a comprehensive business continuity plan and disaster recovery plan which we test and strive to improve, we cannot guarantee that the implementation of such plans will be completely or partially successful should any portion of network be severely damaged or interrupted. Any failure that results in an interruption of our operations or of the provision of any service, whether from operational disruption, natural disaster or otherwise, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our networks, face both potential physical and cyber security threats, such as theft, vandalism and acts intended to disrupt operations, which could adversely affect our operating results

Our networks and equipment, particularly our wireline access network, face both potential physical and cyber security threats. Physical threats include theft and vandalism of our equipment and organized attacks against key infrastructure intended to disrupt operations. In addition, telecommunications companies worldwide face increasing cyber security threats as businesses become increasingly dependent on telecommunications and computer networks and adopt cloud computing technologies. Cyber security threats include gaining unauthorized access to our systems or inserting computer viruses or malicious software in our systems to misappropriate consumer data and other sensitive information, corrupt our data or disrupt our operations. Unauthorized access may also be gained through traditional means such as the theft of laptop computers, portable data devices and mobile phones and intelligence gathering on employees with access.

Although we have not experienced any material successful cyber attacks to date that have affected our operations, our network and our website are frequently targeted by cyber attacks. A successful cyber attack may lead us to incur substantial costs to repair damage or restore data, implement substantial organizational changes and training to prevent future similar attacks and lost revenues and litigation costs due to misused sensitive information, and cause substantial reputational damage. We take preventive and remedial measures, including enhanced cooperation with the police, particularly in areas prone to criminal activity and regular upgrades of our data security measures. However, there is no assurance that our physical and cyber security measures will be successful. Damage to our network, equipment or data and the need to repair such damage resulting from a physical or cyber attack may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. Our networks face potential security threats, such as theft or vandalism, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We face a number of risks relating to our internet-related services

In addition to cyber security threats, because we provide connections to the internet and host websites for customers and develop internet content and applications, we may be perceived as being associated with the content carried over our network or displayed on websites that we host. We cannot and do not screen all of this content and may face litigation claims due to a perceived association with this content. These types of claims can be costly to defend, divert management resources and attention, and may damage our reputation.

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A revenue leakage might occur due to internal weaknesses or external factors and if this happened , it could have an adverse effect on our operating results

A revenue leakage is a generic risk for all telecommunications operators. We may face revenue leakage problems or problems with collecting all the revenues to which we may be entitled, due to the possibility of weaknesses at the transactional level, delay in transaction processing, dishonest customers or other factors.

We have taken some preventive measures against the possibility of revenue leakage by increasing control functions in all of our existing business process, implementing revenue assurance methods, employing adequate policies and procedures as well as implementing information systems applications to minimize revenue leakages. Nonetheless, there is no assurance that in the future there will be no significant revenue leakages or that any such leakages will not have a material adverse affect on our operating results.

New technologies may adversely affect our ability to remain competitive

The telecommunications industry is characterized by rapid and significant changes in technology. We may face increasing competition due to technologies currently under development or which may be developed in the future. Future development or application of new or alternative technologies, services or standards could require significant changes to our business model, the development of new products, the provision of additional services and substantial new investments by us. New products and services may be expensive to develop and may result in the introduction of additional competitors into the marketplace. We cannot accurately predict how emerging and future technological changes will affect our operations or the competitiveness of our services. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to effectively integrate new technologies into our existing business model.

For example, due to competition and the increasing popularity of mobile cellular platforms, our fixed wireless revenues and ARPU had been declining in recent years. On June 27, 2014 , we entered into a Conditional Business Transfer Agreement with Telkomsel to transfer parts of our Flexi business, with effect from October 3, 2014, and migrate d Flexi subscribers to Telkomsel. We terminated our Flexi service on May 31, 2015.

As part of our continuing development of our TIMES business, we continue to seek to develop businesses through which we also provide content to our telecommunications subscribers. We do not yet have substantial experience as a content provider therefore we cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage the growth of this business.

We cannot assure you that our technologies will not become obsolete, or be subjected to competition from new technologies in the future, or that we will be able to acquire new technologies necessary to compete in changed circumstances on commercially acceptable terms. Our failure to react to rapid technological changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our satellites have limited operational life and they may be damaged or destroyed during in-orbit operation or suffer launch delays or failures. The loss or reduced performance of our satellites, whether caused by equipment failure or its license being revoked, may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to provide certain services

Our Telkom-1 and Telkom-2 satellites have limited operational li ves , with their estimated operational life ending approximately in 2015 and 2020, respectively. A number of factors affect the operational lives of satellites, including the quality of their construction, the durability of their systems, subsystems and component parts, on-board fuel reserves, accuracy of their launch into orbit, exposure to micrometeorite storms, or other natural events in space, collision with orbital debris, or the manner in which the satellite is monitored and operated. We currently use satellite transponder capacity on our satellites in connection with many aspects of our business, including direct leasing of such capacity and routing for our international long-distance and cellular services.

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Moreover, International Telecommunication Union (“ITU”) regulations specify that a designated satellite slot has been allocated for Indonesia and the Government has the right to determine which party is licensed to use such slot. While we currently hold a license to use the designated satellite slot, in the event our Telkom-1 and Telkom-2 satellites experience technical problems or failure, the Government may determine that we have failed to optimize the existing slot under our license, which may result in the Government withdrawing our license. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain use of the designated satellite slot in a manner deemed satisfactory by the Government.

In anticipation of the growth in demand for satellite services and to support our business strategy with regard to providing TIMES services, we signed a contract in 2009 for the procurement of the Telkom-3 Satellite System. However, due to a launch failure in August 2012, the Telkom-3 satellite ended up in an unusable orbit. Although we had fully insured the cost of the satellite, the loss of the Telkom-3 satellite will require us to lease transponder capacity from a third party provider to fulfill our commitments to our satellite operations customers, with likely lower margins than we would have received from the use of Telkom-3 had it been successfully launched. We have entered into a contract for the construction of a replacement satellite, the Telkom-3S, which is currently planned for launch in late 2016, and another contract for the procurement of a Telkom-4 satellite, which is currently planned for launch around the end of 2017, as a replacement for Telkom-1. A lthough the Telkom-1 satellite may still be operational for several years after the end of its estimated operational lifespan in 2015, if there is any delay in the development and launch of the Telkom-3S and/or Telkom-4 satellites , or if the operational life of the Telkom-1 satellite ends before the Telkom-3S and/or Telkom-4 satellites are successfully launched, or damage or failure renders our existing satellites unfit for use, we would need to lease additional transponder capacity from a third party, which would likely increase our costs of operations. Failure to lease adequate satellite capacity from a third party provider may also result in service interruptions and/or a cessation of our satellite operations. The termination of our satellite business could increase expenses associated with our provision of other telecommunications services, particularly in the eastern parts of Indonesia which currently rely largely on satellite coverage for telecommunications services and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

2. Financial Risks

We are exposed to interest rate risk

Our debt includes bank borrowings to finance our operations. Where appropriate, we seek to minimize our interest rate risk exposure by entering into interest rate swap contracts to swap floating interest rates for fixed interest rates over the duration of certain borrowings. However, our hedging policy may not adequately cover our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and this may result in a large interest expense and an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in the economic situation in the United States, including improvement or expectations of improvement in the U.S. economy, may also have an impact on Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Expectations of the United States Federal Reserve tapering its bond buying program on an improving economy resulted in, among other things, the weakening of equity and bond markets around the world and a number of Asian currencies including the Rupiah since May 2013. In part, in an effort to support the Rupiah, in June 2013, Bank Indonesia began raising its benchmark reference rate from a record low of 5.75% which was set in February 2012. The benchmark reference rate rose six times between June 2013 and November 201 4 to 7. 7 5% before decreasing to 7.50% in February 2015 , 7.25% in January 2016, 7.00% in February 2016 and 2.75% in March 2016 The increase s of Bank Indonesia reference rate in 2013 and 2014 w ere followed by increases in the JIBOR and Bank Indonesia Certificate (“SBI”) interest rates. There can be no assurance that the Bank Indonesia reference rate, JIBOR or SBI rate will not rise again in the future.

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We may not be able to successfully manage our foreign currency exchange risk

Changes in exchange rates have affected and may continue to affect our financial condition and results of operations. Most of our debt obligations are denominated in Indonesian Rupiah and a majority of our capital expenditures are denominated in US Dollars. Most of our revenues are denominated in Indonesian Rupiah and a portion is denominated in US Dollars (for example from international services). We may also incur additional long-term indebtedness in currencies other than the Indonesian Rupiah, including the US Dollars, to finance further capital expenditures.

The exchange rate of Indonesian Rupiah to the US Dollar has been highly volatile from time to time in the past. Although we have a financial risk management program and a written policy for foreign currency risk management which mainly uses time deposits placements and hedging to cover foreign currency risk exposure for periods ranging from three to twelve months, we can give no assurance that we will be able to manage our exchange rate risk successfully or that our business, financial condition or results of operations will not be adversely affected by our exposure to exchange rate risk.

We may be unable to fund the capital expenditures needed for us to remain competitive in the telecommunications industry in Indonesia

The delivery of telecommunications services is capital intensive. In order to be competitive, we must continually expand, modernize and update our telecommunications infrastructure technology, which involves substantial capital investment. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, our consolidated capital expenditures total ed Rp24,898 billion , Rp 24 ,661 billion, and Rp26,401 billion (US$1,915 million), respectively. Our ability to fund capital expenditures in the future will depend on our future operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions, levels of interest rates and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, and upon our ability to obtain additional external financing. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available to us on commercially acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, we can only incur additional financing in compliance with the terms of our debt agreements. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient capital resources to improve or expand our telecommunications infrastructure technology or update our other technolog ies to the extent necessary to remain competitive in the Indonesian telecommunications market. Our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

3. Legal and Compliance Risks

If we are found liable for price fixing by the KPPU and for class action allegations, we may be subjected to substantial liability which could lead to a decrease in our revenue and affect our business, reputation and profitability

The Company, Telkomsel and seven other local operators have been investigated by the KPPU for allegations of SMS cartel practices. As a result of the investigations on June 17, 2008, KPPU found that the Company, Telkomsel and certain operators had violated Article 5 of Law No.5 year 1999 and charged the Company and Telkomsel in the amounts of Rp18 billion and Rp25 billion, respectively.

Management believes that there are no such cartel practices that led to a breach of prevailing regulations. Accordingly, the Company and Telkomsel filed an appeal with the Bandung District Court and South Jakarta District Court on July 14, 2008 and July 11, 2008, respectively.

Due to the filing of the case by operators in various courts, the KPPU subsequently requested the Supreme Court to consolidate the cases into the Central Jakarta District Court. Based on the Supreme Court's decision letter dated April 12, 2011, the Supreme Court appointed the Central Jakarta District Court to investigate and resolve the case. On May 27, 2015, the Central Jakarta District Court decided on the case in favor of the Company, Telkomsel and seven other local operators upon the case. On July 23, 2015, KPPU filed an appeal to the Supreme Court regarding the case of SMS cartel practices. On February 29, 2016, the SC decided on the case in favor of KPPU. As of the date of approval and authorization for the issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the Company is considering to request for a judicial review of the case by the SC.

There can be no assurance that other subscribers, people, or partners will not file similar cases in the future, or that we would not be subject to adverse verdicts which could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and profitability.

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Forward-looking statements may not be accurate

This Annual Report incorporates forward-looking statements that include announcements regarding our current goals and projections of our operational performance and future business prospects. The words “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “project” and similar words identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements, other than statements that contain historical facts, are forward-looking statements. While we believe that the expectations contained in these statements are reasonable, we cannot give an assurance that they will be realized. These forward-looking statements are subjected to a number of risks and uncertainties, including changes in the economic, social and political situation in Indonesia and other risks described in "Risk Factors". All forward-looking statements, written or verbal, made by us or by persons on behalf of us are deemed to be subject to those risks.

4. Regulation Risks

We operate in a legal and regulatory environment that is undergoing significant change. These changes may result in increased competition, which may result in reduced margins and operating revenue, among other things. These changes may also directly reduce our margins or reduce the costs of our competitors. These adverse changes resulting from regulation may have a material adverse effect on us.

Reformation in Indonesian telecommunications regulation initiated by the Government in 1999 have, to a certain extent, resulted in the industry’s liberalization, including removal of barriers to entry and the promotion of competition. However, in recent years, the volume and complexity of regulatory changes has created an environment of considerable regulatory uncertainty. In addition, as the legal and regulatory environment of the Indonesian telecommunications sector continue to change, competitors, potentially with greater resources than us, may enter the Indonesian telecommunications sector and compete with us in providing telecommunications services. Furthermore, it is impossible to anticipate the regulatory policies that will be applied to new technologies.

We derive substantial revenue from interconnection services because we have the largest network in Indonesia and our competitors must pay tariffs to connect to our network. As regulated by the MoCI, although SMS interconnection rates as a result of ITRB No.60/BRTI/III/2014 and No.125/BRTI/IV/2014 increased from Rp23 to Rp24 , effective April 2014, through December 31, 2015, SMS interconnection rates have been decreasing prior to that in recent years and may decrease again in the future .

The termination of Telkomsel’s premium SMS services from October 2011 as a result of MoCI Regulation No.1/PER/M.KOMINFO/01/2009 resulted in a substantial reduction in our revenues from these services. These services were resumed by Telkomsel from August 6, 2013 as allowed under MoCI Regulation No.21 year of 2013 dated July 26, 2013, regarding the Operation of Content Provider Services on Mobile Cellular Network and Local Fixed Wireless Network with Limited Mobility, as last amended by MoCI Regulation No.6 of 2015, which replaced MoCI Regulation No.1/PER/M.KOMINFO/01/2009 . However, pursuant to the new decree, premium SMS service providers are required to meet stricter requirements that are more difficult to comply with. Accordingly we do not expect revenues from premium SMS services to return to levels seen prior to October 2011.

In the future, the Government may announce or implement other regulatory changes which may adversely affect our business or our existing licenses. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with other domestic and foreign telecommunications operators, that regulatory changes will not disproportionately reduce our competitors’ costs or disproportionately reduce our revenues, or that regulatory changes, amendments or interpretations of current or future laws and regulations promulgated by the Government will not have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

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The entry of additional Indonesian telecommunications operators as providers of international direct dialing services could adversely affect our international telecommunications services operating margins, market share and results of operations

We obtained a license and entered the international long-distance service market in 2004 and acquired a significant market share for IDD services by the end of 2006. Indosat, one of our primary competitors, entered this market prior to us and continues to maintain a substantial market share for IDD services. There is a possibility that other operators will be granted IDD licenses in the future. The operations of incumbents and the entrance of new operators into the international long-distance market, including the VoIP services provided by such operators as well as smartphone-based VoIP applications, continue to pose a significant competitive threat to us. We cannot assure you that such adverse effects will not continue or that such increased competition will not continue to erode our market share or adversely affect our fixed telecommunications services operating margins and results of operations.

We face risks related to the opening of new long distance access codes

In an attempt to liberalize DLD services, the Government issued regulations assigning each provider of DLD services a three-digit access code to be dialed by customers making DLD calls. In 2005, the MoCI announced that a three-digit access code for DLD calls will be implemented gradually within five years and that it would assign us the “017” DLD access code for five major cities, including Jakarta, and allow us to progressively extend it to all other area codes. Indosat was assigned “011” as its DLD access code. We were required to open DLD access codes in all remaining areas on September 27, 2011, by which date our network was ready to be opened up to the three-digit DLD access code in all coded areas throughout Indonesia.

However, we believe that the cost for operators who have not upgraded their network infrastructure to open their networks to the three-digit access code to do so is significant. To date, other than for Balikpapan, neither of the OLOs have made a request to us to connect their networks to enable their DLD access codes to be accessible . A s such, we believe that other than Balikpapan, none of the DLD access codes for any of the licensed operators are usable by customers of other operators. However, if they do so in the future, the implementation of any new DLD access codes can potentially increase competition by offering our subscribers more options for DLD services. In addition, the opening of new DLD access codes is expected to result in increased competition and less cooperation among industry incumbents, which may result in reduced margins and revenues, among other things, all of which may have a material adverse effect on us.

Regulations for the configuration of BTS towers may delay the set up of new BTS towers or changes in the placement of existing towers, and may erode our leadership position by requiring us to share our towers with our competitors

In 2008 and 2009, the Government issued regulations relating to the construction, utilization and sharing of BTS towers. Pursuant to the regulations, the construction of BTS towers requires permits from the local government. The local government has a right to determine the placement of the towers, the location in which the towers can be constructed, and also to determine a license fees to build tower infrastructure. These regulations also oblige us to allow other telecommunication operators to lease space and utilize our telecommunications towers without any discrimination.

These regulations may adversely affect us in the allocation, development or expansion plan of our new BTS towers as setting up of our new towers will become more complicated. They may also adversely affect our existing BTS towers if local governments require any changes in the placement of the existing towers.

The requirement that we share space on our telecommunications towers may also disadvantage us by requiring that we allow our competitors to expand quickly, particularly in urban areas where new space for additional towers may be difficult to obtain. Effective 2011, local Governments are permitted to assess fees of up to 2.0% of the tax assessed value of towers. Although only several local government and assessed such fees and have not been material, there can be no assurance that they will not be material in the future.

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5. Risks Related to Our Fixed and Cellular Telecommunication Business

We may further lose wireline telephone subscribers and revenues derived from our wireline voice services may continue to decline, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects

Revenues derived from our wireline voice services have declined during the past several years mainly due to the increasing popularity of mobile voice services and other alternative means of communication. Tariffs for mobile services have declined in recent years which has further accelerated substitution of mobile for wireline voice services. While the number of our fixed wireline subscribers increased by 3.7% in 2014 and 6.0% in 2015, revenues from our wireline voice services decreased by 5.1% in 2014 and by 3.2% in 2015. The percentage of revenues derived from our wireline voice services out of our total revenues continued to decrease from 8.9% in 2014 to 7.5% in 2015.

Since the beginning of 2015, we have taken various steps to stabilize our revenues from wireline voice services by seeking to migrat e subscribers to IndiHome, where bundling consist s of primarily broadband Internet, fixed wirel ine residential phone (Home Phone), and interactive TV (Cable UseeTV) services.

However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in mitigating the adverse impact of the substitution of mobile voice services and other alternative means of communication for wireline voice services or in reducing the rate of decline in our revenues generated from wireline voice services. Migration from wireline voice services to mobile services and other alternative means of communication may further intensify in the future, which may affect the financial performance of our wireline voice services and thus materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects as a whole.

Our data and internet services are facing increasing competition, and we may experience declining margins and/or market share from such services as such competition intensifies

Our data and internet services are facing increase competition from other data and internet operators including as mobile operators. The number of mobile broadband subscribers have increased with the increasing popularity of smart phones in Indonesia, which adversely affects our market share and revenues from our fixed line data and internet services.

In addition, with the increasing popularity of smart phones in Indonesia, we expect that 4G/ long term evolution (“LTE”) services will increasingly become an intense area of competition for data and internet services, as well as cellular services. In 2014, the Government issued license s for LTE / 4G 900 MHz frequency band for cellular operators and in 2015 issued a policy to r efarm the 1800 MHz frequency for LTE use . Since our launch of 4G LTE services in December 2014, as of December 31, 2015, our LTE services covered 14 cities. However, as of such date, a couple of our cellular competitors have 4G LTE coverage in more cities than us. Further, in 2013, the regulator permitted the Wi-Max operators to deploy the LTE technology which will further intensify competition in the broadband internet space. Currently , PT First Media Tbk (“First Media”), which is part of the Lippo Group , is operating LTE/ Wi -Max services in the Greater Jakarta area.

We have been taking various measures in order to mitigate the impact of intense competition in our data and internet businesses. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in mitigating such adverse impact. Competition may further intensify in the future, which may affect the financial performance of our data and internet services and thus materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and prospects as a whole.

Competition from existing cellular service providers and new market entrants may adversely affect our cellular services business

The Indonesian cellular services business is highly competitive. Competition among cellular services providers in Indonesia is based on various factors, including pricing, network quality and coverage, the range of services, features offered and customer service. W ith the increasing popularity of smart phones in Indonesia, we believe that data network quality and coverage, including 4G/LTE coverage, will increasingly become an intense area of competition. Our cellular services business, operated through our majority-owned subsidiary, Telkomsel, competes primarily against Indosat and XL Axiata. Several other smaller GSM and CDMA operators also provide cellular services in Indonesia, including PT Hutchison (3 Indonesia) (“Hutchison”) which is part of the Hutchison Asia Telecom Group and operates under the "3" or "Tri" brand, and PT Smartfren Telecom Tbk ("Smartfren Telecom") which is part of the Sinar Mas Group . In addition to current cellular service providers, the MoCI may license additional cellular service providers in the future, and such new entrants may compete with us.

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A number of consolidations among operators in Indonesia have occurred in recent years. In March 2010, PT Smart Telecom and Mobile-8 announced that they signed an agreement to use the same logo and brand under the name "smartfren". On January 18, 2011, Mobile-8 acquired PT Smart Telecom, and on 12 April 2011, PT Mobile-8 Telecom Tbk changed its name to Smartfren Telecom .

XL Axiata completed the acquisition of a majority interest in PT Axis Telekom and merged in 2014, which resulted in XL Axiata becoming one of the three largest operators and also acquiring additional frequency allocations to implement 4G/LTE technology. Further c onsolidation among operators may occur for them to remain competitive, reduce operating costs and "rebalance" the broadband mobile frequency that require wider frequency band width . The MoCI also supports operator consolidation, through not issuing additional or new licenses for cellular players. While operator consolidation may lead to improved conditions in the cellular telecommunication industry, it also present challenges for Telkomsel in maintaining its market position .

6. Risks Related to Development of New Businesses

We believe that efforts to develop new businesses other than the telecommunication business such as digital consumer and enterprise businesses, as well as international expansion are necessary to ensure continuing business growth. Risks related to new business development include competition from established players, suitability of business model, competition from disruptive new technologies or business models, the need to acquire new expertise in the new areas of operation , and  risks related to online media which include intellectual property, consumer protection and confidentiality of customer data.

Focusing on international expansion is one of our strategic business intiatives . In particular, we have started expansion into a number of jurisdictions in telecommunications or data related areas , namely Singapore, Hong Kong , Macau, Timor Leste, Australia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Taiwan, United States of America, Saudi Arabia . In May 2015, we have also entered into an agreement and plan of merger with AP Teleguam Holdings, Inc, the parent company of GTA Teleguam , which has voice, mobile, fixed broadband and IPTV operations . The acquisition is subject to regulatory approvals. Expanding our operations internationally exposes us to a number of risks associated with operating in new jurisdictions for example, our international operations could be adversely affected by political or social instability and unrest, by regulatory changes, such as an increase in taxes applicable to our operations , macroeconomic instability, limitations on or controls on the foreign exchange trade, competition from local operators, difference in consumer preferences and a lack of expertise in the local markets in which we will be in operation. Any of these factors could cause our expected returns from our expansion to be limited and could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY

TELKOM INDONESIA PROFILE

We continue to seek to innovate and develop synergies among all products, services and solutions. Our long-term vision, which was revised in August 2015 as part of our corporate strategic planning process to reflect our aspirations to be a more significant player in the digital space, is to “Be the King of Digital in the Region”. Our mission is to “Lead Indonesian Digital Innovation and Globalization”. In order to achieve such vision and mission, we are undergoing a comprehensive transformation in five aspects: human resources transformation, business transformation, structural transformation, cultural transformation, and infrastructure and system transformation.

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CAPITAL MARKET SUPPORTING PROFESSIONAL

Information about the legislation under which we operate is provided elsewhere in this Form 20-F. A description, including the amount invested, of our principal capital expenditures and divestitures (including interest s in other companies), since the beginning of our last three financial years and information concerning our principal capital expenditures is contained elsewhere in this Form 20-F.

Telkom Indonesia Milestones

1856-1884

On October 23, 1856, the Dutch C olonial G overnment deployed the first electromagnetic telegraph service operation in Indonesia, which connected Jakarta (Batavia) and Bogor ( Buitenzorg ) . We consider this event to be part of the beginning of Telkom’s history and have thus adopted October 23 as the anniversary of ou r “founding”.

In 1884, the Dutch C olonial G overnment established a private entity, " Post en Telegraafdienst " to provide postal and telegraph services.

1906-1965

In 1906, the Dutch Colonial Government established a government agency to assume control  postal services and telecommunications in Indonesia, named Jawatan Pos, Telegrap dan Telepon ( Post, Telegraph en Telephone Dienst ). In 1961, its status was changed to newly-established state-owned company, Perusahaan Negara Pos dan Telekomunikasi ("PN Postel"). In 1965, the Government separated postal and telecommunications services by dividing PN Postel into Perusahaan Negara Pos dan Giro and Perusahaan Negara Telekomunikasi ("PN Telekomunikasi").