TRS 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2013 | Alphaminr
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TRS 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2013

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
Debt
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10-Q 1 trimas_093013x10q.htm 10-Q Trimas_093013_10Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x


Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2013

Or

o


Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period from to .
Commission file number 001-10716
TRIMAS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
38-2687639
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
39400 Woodward Avenue, Suite 130
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48304
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(248) 631-5450
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of October 28, 2013, the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's common stock, $0.01 par valu e, was 44,980,746 shares.


TriMas Corporation
Index


1

Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements (as that term is defined by the federal securities laws) about our financial condition, results of operations and business. You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as "may," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate" and similar words used in this report.
These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Because the statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on the statements, which speak only as of the date of this report.
The cautionary statements set forth above should be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue. We do not undertake any obligation to review or confirm analysts' expectations or estimates or to release publicly any revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 , which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deemed to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations or cash flows.
We disclose important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations under Part I, Item 2, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, " and elsewhere in this report. These cautionary statements qualify all forward-looking statements attributed to us or persons acting on our behalf. When we indicate that an event, condition or circumstance could or would have an adverse effect on us, we mean to include effects upon our business, financial and other condition, results of operations, prospects and ability to service our debt.


2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Consolidated Financial Statements
TriMas Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)


September 30,
2013

December 31,
2012
Assets


Current assets:


Cash and cash equivalents
$
209,350


$
20,580

Receivables, net of reserves of approximately $3.5 million and $3.7 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively
201,110


150,390

Inventories
249,630


238,020

Deferred income taxes
17,690


18,270

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
17,960


10,530

Total current assets
695,740

437,790

Property and equipment, net
206,730


185,030

Goodwill
290,270


270,940

Other intangibles, net
200,310


206,160

Other assets
39,270


31,040

Total assets
$
1,432,320

$
1,130,960

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity


Current liabilities:


Current maturities, long-term debt
$
21,600


$
14,370

Accounts payable
152,460


158,410

Accrued liabilities
83,090


74,420

Total current liabilities
257,150

247,200

Long-term debt
458,140


408,070

Deferred income taxes
63,310


60,370

Other long-term liabilities
80,940


84,960

Total liabilities
859,540

800,600

Redeemable noncontrolling interests
27,960

26,780

Preferred stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 100,000,000 shares;
Issued and outstanding: None
—

—

Common stock, $0.01 par: Authorized 400,000,000 shares;
Issued and outstanding: 44,976,263 shares at September 30, 2013 and 39,375,790 shares at December 31, 2012
450

390

Paid-in capital
815,270

634,800

Accumulated deficit
(302,170
)
(370,870
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
31,270

39,260

Total shareholders' equity
544,820

303,580

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,432,320

$
1,130,960



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

3

TriMas Corporation
Consolidated Statement of Income
(Unaudited—dollars in thousands, except for per share amounts)

Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Net sales
$
355,620

$
335,870

$
1,071,430

$
971,870

Cost of sales
(261,470
)
(245,730
)
(790,570
)
(706,930
)
Gross profit
94,150

90,140

280,860

264,940

Selling, general and administrative expenses
(61,220
)
(53,550
)
(182,540
)
(156,730
)
Net gain on dispositions of property and equipment
10,360

10

10,350

330

Operating profit
43,290

36,600

108,670

108,540

Other expense, net:
Interest expense
(5,570
)
(9,450
)
(16,320
)
(30,420
)
Debt extinguishment costs
—

—

—

(6,560
)
Other income (expense), net
2,290

140

360

(2,410
)
Other expense, net
(3,280
)
(9,310
)
(15,960
)
(39,390
)
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
40,010

27,290

92,710

69,150

Income tax expense
(10,060
)
(7,330
)
(21,620
)
(19,770
)
Income from continuing operations
29,950

19,960

71,090

49,380

Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense
—

—

700

—

Net income
29,950

19,960

71,790

49,380

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
1,320

1,290

3,090

1,560

Net income attributable to TriMas Corporation
$
28,630

$
18,670

$
68,700

$
47,820

Basic earnings per share attributable to TriMas Corporation:
Continuing operations
$
0.71

$
0.48

$
1.71

$
1.29

Discontinued operations
—

—

0.02

—

Net income per share
$
0.71

$
0.48

$
1.73

$
1.29

Weighted average common shares—basic
40,345,828

39,045,282

39,668,693

36,994,192

Diluted earnings per share attributable to TriMas Corporation:
Continuing operations
$
0.70

$
0.47

$
1.70

$
1.28

Discontinued operations
—

—

0.02

—

Net income per share
$
0.70

$
0.47

$
1.72

$
1.28

Weighted average common shares—diluted
40,746,503

39,508,503

40,029,425

37,379,292




The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

4

TriMas Corporation
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)

Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
Net income
$
29,950

$
19,960

$
71,790

$
49,380

Other comprehensive income:
Amortization of defined benefit plan deferred (gains) losses (net of tax of $0.1 million and ($0.5) million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and $0.3 million and ($0.4) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively) (Note 17)
210

(740
)
600

(530
)
Foreign currency translation
(1,930
)
3,040

(12,540
)
2,680

Net changes in unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments (net of tax of ($0.5) million and ($0.1) million, and $2.5 million and ($0.6) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively) (Note 12)
(800
)
(80
)
3,950

(1,000
)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)
(2,520
)
2,220

(7,990
)
1,150

Total comprehensive income
27,430

22,180

63,800

50,530

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
1,320

1,290

3,090

1,560

Total comprehensive income attributable to TriMas Corporation
$
26,110

$
20,890

$
60,710

$
48,970





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.



5


TriMas Corporation
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)
Nine months ended
September 30,
2013
2012
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income
$
71,790

$
49,380

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisition impact:


Gain on dispositions of property and equipment
(10,350
)
(330
)
Bargain purchase gain
(2,880
)
—

Depreciation
22,190

18,990

Amortization of intangible assets
14,420

14,460

Amortization of debt issue costs
1,310

2,240

Deferred income taxes
(3,180
)
(3,480
)
Debt extinguishment costs
—

6,560

Non-cash compensation expense
7,110

6,640

Excess tax benefits from stock based compensation
(1,280
)
(2,310
)
Increase in receivables
(48,560
)
(38,750
)
(Increase) decrease in inventories
1,800

(31,440
)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets
(7,100
)
(600
)
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(4,280
)
(6,130
)
Other, net
290

170

Net cash provided by operating activities, net of acquisition impact
41,280

15,400

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:


Capital expenditures
(35,150
)
(36,440
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
(56,000
)
(84,600
)
Net proceeds from disposition of assets
10,720

2,950

Net cash used for investing activities
(80,430
)
(118,090
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:


Proceeds from sale of common stock in connection with the Company's equity offering, net of issuance costs
174,720

79,040

Proceeds from borrowings on term loan facilities
150,090

140,370

Repayments of borrowings on term loan facilities
(151,710
)
(130,850
)
Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities
632,740

555,300

Repayments of borrowings on revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities
(575,730
)
(555,300
)
Repurchase of 9¾% senior secured notes
—

(50,000
)
Senior secured notes redemption premium and debt financing fees
—

(4,880
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(1,910
)
(820
)
Proceeds from contingent consideration related to disposition of businesses
1,030

—

Shares surrendered upon vesting of options and restricted stock awards to cover tax obligations
(3,930
)
(990
)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
1,340

5,680

Excess tax benefits from stock based compensation
1,280

2,310

Net cash provided by financing activities
227,920

39,860

Cash and Cash Equivalents:


Increase (decrease) for the period
188,770

(62,830
)
At beginning of period
20,580

88,920

At end of period
$
209,350

$
26,090

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:


Cash paid for interest
$
12,610

$
20,990

Cash paid for taxes
$
29,880

$
23,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

6

TriMas Corporation
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
(Unaudited—dollars in thousands)

Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Accumulated
Deficit
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
Balances, December 31, 2012
$
390

$
634,800

$
(370,870
)
$
39,260

$
303,580

Net income attributable to TriMas Corporation
—

—

68,700

—

68,700

Other comprehensive loss
—

—

—

(7,990
)
(7,990
)
Net proceeds from equity offering of common stock (Note 3)
50

174,670

—

—

174,720

Shares surrendered upon vesting of options and restricted stock awards to cover tax obligations
—

(3,930
)
—

—

(3,930
)
Stock option exercises and restricted stock vestings
10

1,340

—

—

1,350

Excess tax benefits from stock based compensation
—

1,280

—

—

1,280

Non-cash compensation expense
—

7,110

—

—

7,110

Balances, September 30, 2013
$
450

$
815,270

$
(302,170
)
$
31,270

$
544,820




















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.


7

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)


1. Basis of Presentation
TriMas Corporation ("TriMas" or the "Company"), and its consolidated subsidiaries, is a global manufacturer and distributor of products for commercial, industrial and consumer markets. The Company is principally engaged in the following reportable segments with diverse products and market channels: Packaging, Energy, Aerospace & Defense, Engineered Components, Cequent Asia Pacific Europe Africa ("Cequent APEA") and Cequent Americas. The Company renamed its former "Cequent Asia Pacific" reportable segment "Cequent APEA" effective in the second quarter of 2013 following the Company's recent acquisitions to more appropriately reflect the expanding geography covered by the businesses in this reportable segment. See Note 14 , "Segment Information," for further information on each of the Company's reportable segments.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries and in the opinion of management, contain all adjustments, including adjustments of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company's 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2 . New Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2013-5, "Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity" ("ASU 2013-5"). ASU 2013-5 requires a reporting entity that either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity, to release any cumulative translation adjustment into net income. ASU 2013-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2013, with early adoption permitted. The Company applied the provisions of ASU 2013-5 to the sale of its business in Italy within the Packaging reportable segment. See Note 4 , "Facility Closure and Sale of Business," for further details.
3. Equity Offering
In September 2013, the Company issued 5,175,000 shares of its common stock via a public offering at a price of $35.40 per share. Net proceeds from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses of approximately $8.5 million , totaled approximately $174.7 million . The net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, including future acquisitions, capital expenditures and working capital requirements.
4 . Facility Closure and Sale of Business
Facility Closure
In November 2012, the Company announced plans to close its manufacturing facility in Goshen, Indiana, moving production currently in Goshen to lower-cost manufacturing facilities during 2013, and recorded a charge, primarily for severance benefits, of approximately $1.2 million related to the termination of approximately 70 salaried employees that were involuntarily terminated. In the first quarter of 2013, upon completion of negotiations pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement, the Company recorded a charge, primarily for severance benefits of approximately $3.8 million , which is included in cost of sales in the accompanying consolidated statement of income, for its approximately 350 union hourly workers to be involuntarily terminated. As of September 30, 2013 , the Company had paid approximately $1.0 million of the total hourly and salaried severance benefits, with the remainder to be paid by mid 2014.
In addition, the Company expects to record approximately $1.6 million of accelerated depreciation expense between the facility closure announcement date and the closure date as a result of shortening the expected useful lives on certain machinery, equipment and leasehold improvement assets that the Company no longer will utilize following the facility closure. The Company recorded approximately $0.5 million and $1.2 million of such accelerated depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 , respectively.

8

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The Company's manufacturing facility in Goshen is subject to a lease agreement expiring in 2022. Upon the cease-use date of the facility, the Company expects to record a pre-tax charge within its Cequent Americas reportable segment in the range of $4.0 million to $5.0 million for its estimate of future lease obligations.
Sale of Business
On August 5, 2013, the Company announced the sale of its business in Italy within the Packaging reportable segment for cash of approximately $10.3 million , with the final sale price remaining subject to a working capital adjustment, if any, which is expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2014. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax gain of approximately $10.5 million , of which $7.9 million related to the release of historical currency translation adjustments into income, as proscribed under ASU 2013-5. See Note 2 , "New Accounting Pronouncements," for further details.
5 . Discontinued Operations
During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company sold its precision tool cutting and specialty fittings lines of business, both of which were part of the Engineered Components reportable segment. The purchase agreement included up to $2.5 million of contingent consideration based on achievement of certain levels of financial performance in 2012 and 2013 . During the second quarter of 2013, the Company was paid approximately $1.0 million of a possible $1.3 million as payout for the 2012 financial performance criteria. This amount is included in the income from discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.
6 . Acquisitions
During the first nine months of 2013, the Company completed acquisitions for an aggregate amount of approximately $56 million , net of cash acquired. Of these acquisitions, the most significant included Martinic Engineering, Inc. ("Martinic") within the Company's Aerospace & Defense reportable segment, Wulfrun Specialised Fasteners Limited ("Wulfrun") within the Company's Energy reportable segment and C.P. Witter Limited ("Witter") and the towing technology and business assets of AL-KO GmbH("AL-KO"), both within the Company's Cequent APEA reportable segment. Martinic is a manufacturer of highly-engineered, precision machined, complex parts for commercial and military aerospace applications, including auxiliary power units, as well as electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems located in the United States and generated approximately $13 million in revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012. Wulfrun is a manufacturer and distributor of specialty bolting and CNC machined components for use in critical oil and gas, pipeline and power generation applications located in the United Kingdom and generated approximately $10 million in revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012. Also located in the United Kingdom, Witter is a manufacturer of highly-engineered towbars and accessories which are distributed through a wide network of commercial dealers, and generated approximately $20 million in revenue for the twelve months ended March 31, 2013. The Company also completed the acquisition of the towing technology and business assets of AL-KO, located in both Germany and Finland. The acquired assets generated approximately $16 million of revenue for the twelve months ended June 30, 2013. The fair value of the AL-KO net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price, resulting in a bargain purchase gain of approximately $2.9 million , which is included in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statement of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. While the Company has recorded preliminary purchase accounting adjustments for these acquisitions, the Company may refine such amounts as it finalizes these estimates during the requisite one-year measurement periods.
The results of operations of the aforementioned acquisitions are not significant compared to the overall results of operations of the Company.
7 . Arminak & Associates
During the first quarter of 2012, the Company acquired 70% of the membership interests of Arminak & Associates, LLC ("Arminak") for the purchase price of approximately $67.7 million . Arminak is included in the Company's Packaging reportable segment.
The purchase agreement provides the Company an option to purchase, and Arminak's previous owners an option to sell, the remaining 30% noncontrolling interest at specified dates in the future based on a multiple of future earnings, as defined in the purchase agreement. The put and call options become exercisable during the first quarters of 2014, 2015 and 2016.

9

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The combination of a noncontrolling interest and a redemption feature resulted in a redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is classified outside of permanent equity on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. In order to estimate the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest in Arminak, the Company utilized the Monte Carlo valuation method, using variations of estimated future discounted cash flows given certain significant assumptions including expected revenue growth, minimum and maximum estimated levels of gross profit margin, future expected cash flows, amounts transferred during each put and call exercise period and appropriate discount rates. As these assumptions are not observable in the market, the calculation represents a Level 3 fair value measurement in the fair value hierarchy, as defined. The Company recorded the redeemable noncontrolling interest at fair value at the date of acquisition.
At September 30, 2013 , the estimated fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest exceeded the redemption value. Changes in the carrying amount of redeemable noncontrolling interest are summarized as follows:
Nine months ended
September 30, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance, December 31, 2012
$
26,780

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(1,910
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
$
3,090

Ending balance, September 30, 2013
$
27,960

The Company previously presented pro forma net sales and net income attributable to TriMas Corporation as if the business combination occurred as of January 1, 2011. Certain nonrecurring adjustments for acquisition costs incurred and purchase accounting adjustments related to step-up in value and subsequent amortization of inventory were included in the first quarter 2011 pro forma results thereof. Pro forma net sales and net income attributable to TriMas Corporation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 were $335.9 million and $18.7 million , respectively, and $979.9 million and $49.8 million , respectively. The supplemental pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that might have been achieved.
Total acquisition costs incurred by the Company in connection with its purchase of Arminak, primarily related to third-party legal, accounting and tax diligence fees, were approximately $1.3 million , of which approximately $1.0 million was incurred during the first quarter of 2012. These costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.
8 . Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are summarized as follows:
Packaging
Energy
Aerospace & Defense
Engineered Components
Cequent APEA
Cequent Americas
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2012
$
158,980

$
64,210

$
41,130

$
3,180

$
—

$
3,440

$
270,940

Goodwill from acquisitions
—

14,280

8,420

—

—

—

22,700

Goodwill associated with sold businesses
(2,060
)
—

—

—

—

—

(2,060
)
Foreign currency translation
410

(1,450
)
—

—

—

(270
)
(1,310
)
Balance, September 30, 2013
$
157,330

$
77,040

$
49,550

$
3,180

$
—

$
3,170

$
290,270




10

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the Company's other intangibles as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are summarized below. The Company amortizes these assets over periods ranging from 1 to 30 years.
As of September 30, 2013
As of December 31, 2012
Intangible Category by Useful Life
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
Gross Carrying Amount
Accumulated Amortization
(dollars in thousands)
Finite-lived intangible assets:




Customer relationships, 5 – 12 years
$
87,210

$
(34,380
)
$
85,740

$
(30,080
)
Customer relationships, 15 – 25 years
154,610

(92,130
)
154,610

(85,960
)
Total customer relationships
241,820

(126,510
)
240,350

(116,040
)
Technology and other, 1 – 15 years
38,070

(28,270
)
37,130

(26,320
)
Technology and other, 17 – 30 years
44,350

(24,750
)
43,800

(23,070
)
Total technology and other
82,420

(53,020
)
80,930

(49,390
)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:




Trademark/Trade names
55,600

—

50,310

—

Total other intangible assets
$
379,840

$
(179,530
)
$
371,590

$
(165,430
)
Amortization expense related to intangible assets as included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income is summarized as follows:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Technology and other, included in cost of sales
$
1,200

$
1,270

$
3,610

$
3,620

Customer relationships, included in selling, general and administrative expenses
3,000

4,000

10,810

10,840

Total amortization expense
$
4,200

$
5,270

$
14,420

$
14,460

9 . Inventories
Inventories consist of the following components:
September 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Finished goods
$
154,940

$
159,550

Work in process
29,060

29,270

Raw materials
65,630

49,200

Total inventories
$
249,630

$
238,020


11

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

10 . Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment consists of the following components:
September 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Land and land improvements
$
5,860

$
6,410

Buildings
65,190

59,610

Machinery and equipment
359,410

332,040

430,460

398,060

Less: Accumulated depreciation
223,730

213,030

Property and equipment, net
$
206,730

$
185,030

Depreciation expense as included in the accompanying consolidated statement of income is as follows:
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Depreciation expense, included in cost of sales
$
6,440

$
5,400

$
18,910

$
16,420

Depreciation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense
1,190

900

3,280

2,570

Total depreciation expense
$
7,630

$
6,300

$
22,190

$
18,990

11 . Long-term Debt
The Company's long-term debt consists of the following:
September 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Credit Agreement
$
413,720

$
399,500

Receivables facility and other
66,020

22,940

479,740

422,440

Less: Current maturities, long-term debt
21,600

14,370

Long-term debt
$
458,140

$
408,070

Credit Agreement
The Company is a party to a credit agreement consisting of a $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, which matures in October 2017 and is subject to interest at London Interbank Offered Rates ("LIBOR") plus 2.00% , a $200.0 million senior secured term loan A facility, which matures in October 2017 and is subject to interest at LIBOR plus 2.00% and a $200.0 million senior secured term loan B facility, which matures in October 2019 and is subject to interest at LIBOR plus 2.75% (subject to a 1.00% LIBOR floor) (collectively, the "Credit Agreement").
During the second quarter of 2013 , the Company amended the portion of its Credit Agreement related to the $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility to permit revolving borrowing denominated in specified foreign currencies ("Foreign Currency Loans"), subject to a $75.0 million sub limit. Under this amendment, Foreign Currency Loans are available at rates equivalent to those previously established under the Credit Agreement, for the applicable interest period.

12

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The Credit Agreement provides incremental term loan and/or revolving credit facility commitments in an amount not to exceed the greater of $300 million and an amount such that, after giving effect to the making of such commitments and the incurrence of any other indebtedness substantially simultaneously with the making of such commitments, the senior secured net leverage ratio, as defined, is no greater than 2.50 to 1.00, as defined. The terms and conditions of any incremental term loan and/or revolving credit facility commitments must be no more favorable than the existing credit facility.
Under the Credit Agreement, if, on or prior to October 11, 2013, the Company prepays all or any portion of the term loan B facility using a new term loan facility with lower interest rate margins, then the Company will be required to pay a premium equal to 1% of the aggregate principal amount prepaid. In addition, beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (payable in 2014), the Company may be required to prepay a portion of its term loan A and term loan B facilities in an amount equal to a percentage of the Company's excess cash flow, as defined, which such percentage will be based on the Company's leverage ratio, as defined. For 2012, the Company prepaid $5.0 million of its former term loan B facility under the excess cash flow provision of the previous credit agreement.
The Company is also able to issue letters of credit, not to exceed $75.0 million in aggregate, against its revolving credit facility commitments. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , the Company had letters of credit of approximately $23.7 million and $23.3 million , respectively, issued and outstanding.
At September 30, 2013 , the Company had $20.7 million outstanding under its revolving credit facility and had $205.6 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately $23.7 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, 2012 , the Company had no amounts outstanding under its revolving credit facility and had $226.7 million , potentially available after giving effect to approximately $23.3 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. However, including availability under its accounts receivable facility and after consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, the Company had $206.6 million and $230.5 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , respectively, of borrowing capacity available to it for general corporate purposes.
The debt under the Credit Agreement is an obligation of the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries and is secured by substantially all of the assets of such parties. Borrowings under the $75.0 million foreign currency sub limit of the $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility are secured by a pledge of the assets of the foreign subsidiary borrowers that are a party to the agreement.  The terms of the Credit Agreement contain certain limitations on the distribution of funds from TriMas Company LLC, the Company's principal subsidiary. The terms of the Credit Agreement require the Company and its subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and an interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over cash interest expense, as defined). The Company was in compliance with its covenants at September 30, 2013 .
As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , the Company's term loan A facility traded at approximately 98.5% and 99.3% of par value, respectively, and the Company's term loan B facility traded at approximately 100.0% and 99.9% of par value, respectively. The valuations of the term loans were determined based on Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy, as defined.
Receivables Facility
The Company is a party to an accounts receivable facility through TSPC, Inc. ("TSPC"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, to sell trade accounts receivable of substantially all of the Company's domestic business operations. Under this facility, TSPC, from time to time, may sell an undivided fractional ownership interest in the pool of receivables up to approximately $105.0 million to a third party multi-seller receivables funding company. The net amount financed under the facility is less than the face amount of accounts receivable by an amount that approximates the purchaser's financing costs. The cost of funds under this facility consisted of a 3-month LIBOR-based rate plus a usage fee of 1.20% and 1.50% as of September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, and a fee on the unused portion of the facility of 0.40% and 0.45% as of September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively.
The Company had $55.0 million and $18.0 million outstanding under the facility as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , respectively, and $36.0 million and $51.9 million , respectively, available but not utilized. Aggregate costs incurred under the facility were $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, and $1.1 million and $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, and are included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of income. The facility expires on October 12, 2017.

13

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The cost of funds fees incurred are determined by calculating the estimated present value of the receivables sold compared to their carrying amount. The estimated present value factor is based on historical collection experience and a discount rate based on a 3-month LIBOR-based rate plus the usage fee discussed above and is computed in accordance with the terms of the securitization agreement. As of September 30, 2013 , the cost of funds under the facility was based on an average liquidation period of the portfolio of approximately 1.6 months and an average discount rate of 1.8% .
Other Bank Debt
The Company's Australian subsidiary is party to a debt agreement which matures on December 31, 2013 and is secured by substantially all the assets of the subsidiary. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , the balance outstanding under this agreement was approximately $8.4 million and $4.8 million , respectively, at an average interest rate of 2.6% and 3.2% , respectively.
12 . Derivative Instruments
In December 2012, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rates on its term loan facilities. The term loan A swap agreement fixes the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate, beginning February 2013, on a total of $175.0 million notional amount at 0.74% and expires on October 11, 2017. The term loan B swap agreement fixes the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate, beginning February 2015, on a total of $150.0 million notional amount at 2.05% and expires on October 11, 2019. The Company has designated both swap agreements as cash flow hedges.
In March 2012, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to fix the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate on a total of $100.0 million notional amount of its previous term loan B facility. The swap agreement fixed the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate at 1.80% through June 2016. At inception, the Company formally designated this swap agreement as a cash flow hedge. However, upon the Company's amendment and restatement of its credit agreement during the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company determined that the interest rate swap was no longer expected to be an effective economic hedge and terminated the interest rate swap and repaid the obligation.
As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , the fair value carrying amount of the Company's interest rate swaps are recorded as follows:
Asset / (Liability) Derivatives
Balance Sheet Caption
September 30,
2013
December 31,
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swap
Other assets
$
5,240

$
—

Interest rate swap
Accrued liabilities
(500
)
(530
)
Interest rate swap
Other long-term liabilities
—

(690
)
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
$
4,740

$
(1,220
)

14

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

The following tables summarize the income (loss) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), the amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings and the amounts recognized directly into earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 :
Amount of Income (Loss) Recognized
in AOCI on Derivative
(Effective Portion, net of tax)
Amount of Loss Reclassified from
AOCI into Earnings
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
As of September 30, 2013
As of December 31, 2012
Location of Loss Reclassified from AOCI into Earnings (Effective Portion)
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps
$
2,930

$
(760
)
Interest expense
$
(240
)
$
(140
)
$
(560
)
$
(250
)
Over the next 12 months , the Company expects to reclassify approximately $0.5 million of pre-tax deferred losses from AOCI to interest expense as the related interest payments for the designated interest rate swaps are funded.
Amount of Loss Recognized in Earnings
on Derivatives
Location of Loss
Recognized in Earnings on
Derivatives
Three months ended September 30,
Nine months ended September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps
Interest expense
$
(140
)
$
—

$
(410
)
$
—

Valuations of the interest rate swap were based on the income approach, which uses observable inputs such as interest rate yield curves and forward currency exchange rates. Fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy level for the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are shown below.
Description
Frequency
Asset / (Liability)
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2013
Interest rate swaps
Recurring
$
4,740

$
—

$
4,740

$
—

December 31, 2012
Interest rate swaps
Recurring
$
(1,220
)
$
—

$
(1,220
)
$
—



15

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

13 . Commitments and Contingencies
Asbestos
As of September 30, 2013 , the Company was a party to 1,078 pending cases involving an aggregate of 7,950 claimants alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos containing materials formerly used in gaskets (both encapsulated and otherwise) manufactured or distributed by certain of the Company's subsidiaries for use primarily in the petrochemical refining and exploration industries. The following chart summarizes the number of claimants, number of claims filed, number of claims dismissed, number of claims settled, the average settlement amount per claim and the total defense costs, exclusive of amounts reimbursed under the Company's primary insurance, at the applicable date and for the applicable periods:
Claims
pending at
beginning of
period
Claims filed
during
period
Claims
dismissed
during
period
Claims
settled
during
period
Average
settlement
amount per
claim during
period
Total defense
costs during
period
Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2012
8,048

367

519

16

$
14,513

$
2,650,000

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
7,880

283

179

34

$
2,001

$
1,981,000

In addition, the Company acquired various companies to distribute its products that had distributed gaskets of other manufacturers prior to acquisition. The Company believes that many of its pending cases relate to locations at which none of its gaskets were distributed or used.
The Company may be subjected to significant additional asbestos-related claims in the future, the cost of settling cases in which product identification can be made may increase, and the Company may be subjected to further claims in respect of the former activities of its acquired gasket distributors. The Company is unable to make a meaningful statement concerning the monetary claims made in the asbestos cases given that, among other things, claims may be initially made in some jurisdictions without specifying the amount sought or by simply stating the requisite or maximum permissible monetary relief, and may be amended to alter the amount sought. The large majority of claims do not specify the amount sought. Of the 7,950 claims pending at September 30, 2013 , 133 set forth specific amounts of damages (other than those stating the statutory minimum or maximum). Below is a breakdown of the amount sought for those claims seeking specific amounts:
Compensatory & Punitive
Compensatory Only
Punitive Only
Range of damages sought (in millions)
$0.0 to $5.0
$5.0 to $10.0
$10.0+
$0.0 to $0.6
$0.6 to $5.0
$5.0+
$0.0 to $2.5
$2.5 to $5.0
$5.0+
Number of claims
106
17
10
70
51
12
115
14
4
In addition, relatively few of the claims have reached the discovery stage and even fewer claims have gone past the discovery stage.
Total settlement costs (exclusive of defense costs) for all asbestos-related cases, some of which were filed over 20 years ago, have been approximately $6.4 million . All relief sought in the asbestos cases is monetary in nature. To date, approximately 40% of the Company's costs related to settlement and defense of asbestos litigation have been covered by its primary insurance. Effective February 14, 2006, the Company entered into a coverage-in-place agreement with its first level excess carriers regarding the coverage to be provided to the Company for asbestos-related claims when the primary insurance is exhausted. The coverage-in-place agreement makes asbestos defense costs and indemnity coverage available to the Company that might otherwise be disputed by the carriers and provides a methodology for the administration of such expenses. Nonetheless, the Company believes it is likely there will be a period within the next one or two years, prior to the commencement of coverage under this agreement and following exhaustion of the Company's primary insurance coverage, during which the Company will be solely responsible for defense costs and indemnity payments, the duration of which would be subject to the scope of damage awards and settlements paid.

16

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

Based on the settlements made to date and the number of claims dismissed or withdrawn for lack of product identification, the Company believes that the relief sought (when specified) does not bear a reasonable relationship to its potential liability. Based upon the Company's experience to date, including the trend in annual defense and settlement costs incurred to date, and other available information (including the availability of excess insurance), the Company does not believe these cases will have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations or cash flows.
Ordinary Course Claims
The Company is subject to other claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business, but does not believe that any such claim or litigation will have a material adverse effect on its financial position and results of operations or cash flows.
14 . Segment Information
TriMas groups its operating segments into reportable segments that provide similar products and services. Each operating segment has discrete financial information evaluated regularly by the Company's chief operating decision maker in determining resource allocation and assessing performance. Within these reportable segments, there are no individual products or product families for which reported net sales accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales. See below for more information regarding the types of products and services provided within each reportable segment:
Packaging – Highly engineered closure and dispensing systems for a range of end markets, including steel and plastic industrial and consumer packaging applications.
Energy – Metallic and non-metallic industrial sealant products and fasteners for the petroleum refining, petrochemical and other industrial markets.
Aerospace & Defense – Highly engineered specialty fasteners and other precision machined products for the commercial and military aerospace industries and military munitions components for the defense industry.
Engineered Components – High-pressure and low-pressure cylinders for the transportation, storage and dispensing of compressed gases, and natural gas engines, compressors, gas production equipment and chemical pumps engineered at well sites for the oil and gas industry.
Cequent APEA & Cequent Americas – Custom-engineered towing, trailering and electrical products including trailer couplers, winches, jacks, trailer brakes and brake control solutions, lighting accessories and roof racks for the recreational vehicle, agricultural/utility, marine, automotive and commercial trailer markets, functional vehicle accessories and cargo management solutions including vehicle hitches and receivers, sway controls, weight distribution and fifth-wheel hitches, hitch-mounted accessories and other accessory components.

17

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

Segment activity is as follows:
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Packaging
$
82,010

$
77,240

$
235,000

$
202,250

Energy
47,680

45,460

161,420

143,220

Aerospace & Defense
26,540

20,810

71,250

58,000

Engineered Components
47,540

51,880

143,830

154,180

Cequent APEA
40,950

37,480

111,330

94,230

Cequent Americas
110,900

103,000

348,600

319,990

Total
$
355,620

$
335,870

$
1,071,430

$
971,870

Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging
$
31,320

$
18,240

$
65,550

$
44,700

Energy
1,450

3,780

12,530

14,520

Aerospace & Defense
6,060

6,030

15,330

15,710

Engineered Components
2,860

6,310

14,450

22,620

Cequent APEA
3,570

3,950

9,300

9,000

Cequent Americas
7,440

8,430

21,030

28,090

Corporate expenses
(9,410
)
(10,140
)
(29,520
)
(26,100
)
Total
$
43,290

$
36,600

$
108,670

$
108,540

15 . Equity Awards
The Company maintains the following long-term equity incentive plans: the 2011 TriMas Corporation Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan, the TriMas Corporation 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan and the TriMas Corporation 2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (collectively, the "Plans"). The 2002 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan expired in 2012, such that, while existing grants will remain outstanding until exercised, vested or cancelled, no new shares may be issued under the plan. See below for details of awards under the Plans by type.
Stock Options
The Company did not grant any stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 . Information related to stock options at September 30, 2013 is as follows:
Number of Options
Weighted Average Option Price
Average  Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
675,665

$
15.52



Exercised
(320,940
)
21.25



Cancelled
—

—



Expired
—

—

Outstanding at September 30, 2013
354,725

$
10.33

4.2
$
9,569,015


18

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

As of September 30, 2013 , 351,703 stock options were exercisable under the Plans. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , 11,698 stock options vested for which the associated fair value was less than $0.1 million . The fair value of options which vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 was $0.4 million .
The Company did not incur significant stock-based compensation expense related to stock options during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 .
Restricted Shares
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , the Company issued 4,013 shares related to director fee deferrals. The Company allows for its non-employee independent directors to make an annual election to defer all or a portion of their directors fees and to receive the deferred amount in cash or equity. Certain of the Company's directors have elected to defer all or a portion of their directors fees and to receive the amount in Company common stock at a future date.
The Company also awarded multiple restricted stock grants during the first quarter of 2013 . First, the Company granted 29,498 restricted shares of common stock to certain employees which are subject only to a service condition and vest ratably over three years so long as the employee remains with the Company.
The Company awarded 41,480 restr icted shares of co mmon stock to certain employees during the first quarter of 2013 . These shares are subject only to a service condition and vest on the first anniversary date of the award. The awards were made to participants in the Company's short-term incentive compensation plan ("STI"), where all STI participants whose target annual award exceeds $20 thousand receive 80% of the value in earned cash and 20% in the form of a restricted stock award upon finalization of the award amount in the first quarter e ach year following the previous plan year.
The Company awarded 238,808 r estricted shares of common stock to certain Company key employees during the first quarter of 2013 . Half of the restricted shares granted are service-based restricted stock units. These awards vest ratably over three years . The other half of the shares are subject to a performance condition and are earned based upon the achievement of two performance metrics over a period of three calendar years, beginning on January 1, 2013 and ending on December 31, 2015. Of this award, 75% of the awards are earned based upon the Company's earnings per share ("EPS") cumulative average growth rate ("EPS CAGR") over the performance period. The remaining 25% of the grants are earned based upon the Company's cash generation results. Cash generation is defined as the Company's cumulative three year cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditures, as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time, divided by the Company's three-year income from continuing operations as publicly reported by the Company, plus or minus special items that may occur from time-to-time. Depending on the performance achieved for these two metrics, the amount of shares earned can vary from 30% of the target award to a maximum amount of 200% of the target award for the cash flow metric and 250% of the target award for the EPS CAGR metric. However, if these performance metrics are not achieved, no award will be earned. The performance awards vest on a "cliff" basis at the end of the three-year performance period.
In addition, the Company granted 17,240 restricted shares of common stock to its non-employee independent directors, which vest one year from date of grant so long as the director and/or Company does not terminate his services prior to the vesting date.
During 2012, the Company awarded restricted shares of common stock to certain Company key employees which are performance-based grants. Of this award, 60% are earned based on 2012 EPS growth, and the remaining 40% are earned based on the EPS CAGR for 2012 and 2013. For the 60% of shares subject to the 2012 earnings per share growth metric only, the performance conditions were satisfied, resulting in an attainment level of 175% of target. This resulted in an additional 72,576 share grants during the first quarter of 2013 .

19

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

Information related to restricted shares at September 30, 2013 is as follows:
Number of Unvested Restricted Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
636,037

$
22.02



Granted
403,615

28.23



Vested
(352,236
)
21.94



Cancelled
(4,516
)
25.73



Outstanding at September 30, 2013
682,900

$
25.71

1.6
$
25,478,499

As of September 30, 2013 , there was approximately $8.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares that is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
The Company recognized approximately $2.4 million and $2.7 million of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted shares during the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively, and approximately $7.1 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The stock-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statement of income.
16 . Earnings per Share
Net earnings are divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period to calculate basic earnings per share. Diluted earnings per share are calculated to give effect to stock options and other stock-based awards. The calculation of diluted earnings per share included 231,434 and 289,120 restricted shares for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively and 176,667 and 164,163 restricted shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The calculation of diluted earnings per share also included options to purchase 169,241 and 174,101 shares of common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively and 184,065 and 220,937 shares of common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively.


20

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

17 . Defined Benefit Plans
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs for the Company's defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plans cover certain foreign employees, union hourly employees and salaried employees. The components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:
Pension Plans
Other Postretirement Benefits
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
Three months ended
September 30,
Nine months ended
September 30,
2013
2012
2013
2012
2013
2012
2013
2012
(dollars in thousands)
Service costs
$
170

$
150

$
520

$
450

$
—

$
—

$
—

$
—

Interest costs
410

410

1,230

1,210

10

20

30

40

Expected return on plan assets
(460
)
(430
)
(1,380
)
(1,280
)
—

—

—

—

Amortization of prior service cost
—

—

10

10

—

(70
)
—

(200
)
Settlement/curtailment (gain)
—

—

—

—

—

(1,490
)
—

(1,490
)
Amortization of net (gain)/loss
320

260

960

790

(20
)
(20
)
(60
)
(60
)
Net periodic benefit cost
$
440

$
390

$
1,340

$
1,180

$
(10
)
$
(1,560
)
$
(30
)
$
(1,710
)
During the third quarter of 2012, the Company recognized previously deferred gains associated with one of the Company's postretirement benefit plans of approximately $1.5 million as a result of not having any remaining eligible participants. This benefit is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statement of income.
The Company contributed approximately $0.7 million and $2.6 million to its defined benefit pension plans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 , respectively. The Company expects to contribute approximately $3.0 million to its defined benefit pension plans for the full year 2013 .
18 . Other Comprehensive Income
Changes in AOCI by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 are summarized as follows:
Defined Benefit Plans
Derivative Instruments
Foreign Currency Translation
Total
(dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2012
$
(12,440
)
$
(1,680
)
$
53,380

$
39,260

Net unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period
600

3,340

(4,630
)
(690
)
Less: Net realized gains (losses) reclassified to net income
—

(610
)
7,910

7,300

Net current-period change
600

3,950

(12,540
)
(7,990
)
Balance, September 30, 2013
$
(11,840
)
$
2,270

$
40,840

$
31,270

During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , the Company reclassified $0.6 million (net of income tax benefit of $0.4 million ) from AOCI into interest expense. See Note 12 , "Derivative Instruments," for additional details. The Company also reclassified approximately $7.9 million from AOCI into net income related to the sale of a business during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 . See Note 4 , "Facility Closure and Sale of Business," for further details. No other amounts were reclassified out of AOCI and into the consolidated statement of income during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 .

21

TRIMAS CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(unaudited)

19 . Subsequent Events
Debt Refinance
In October 2013, the Company entered into new senior secured credit facilities, pursuant to which the Company was able to reduce interest rates, extend maturities and increase its available liquidity compared to the existing Credit Agreement. Below is a summary of the key terms of the new facilities:
Instrument
Amount
($ in millions)
Maturity Date
Initial Interest Rate
Senior Secured Revolving Credit facility
$
575.0

10/16/2018
LIBOR plus 1.625%
Senior Secured Term Loan A facility
$
175.0

10/16/2018
LIBOR plus 1.625%
The Company used the proceeds from borrowings under the new facilities to repay all outstanding amounts under the existing Credit Agreement.
Acquisition
In October 2013, the Company acquired the stock of Mac Fasteners, Inc. ("Mac Fasteners") for the cash purchase price of approximately $34 million , plus the potential for up to approximately $6 million of contingent consideration, payable based on attainment of certain future operating results. The purchase price remains subject to the finalization of a net working capital adjustment, if any, which is expected to be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2014. Mac Fasteners is in the business of manufacturing and distribution of stainless steel aerospace fasteners, globally utilized by OEMs, aftermarket repair companies, and commercial and military aircraft producers. Mac Fasteners generated approximately $17.5 million in revenue for the twelve months ended September 30, 2013 and will be included in the Company's Aerospace & Defense reportable segment.






22

Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition contains forward-looking statements regarding industry outlook and our expectations regarding the performance of our business. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Forward-Looking Statements," at the beginning of this report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with the Company's reports on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Introduction
We are a global manufacturer and distributor of products for commercial, industrial and consumer markets. We are principally engaged in six reportable segments: Packaging, Energy, Aerospace & Defense, Engineered Components, Cequent APEA and Cequent Americas.
Key Factors and Risks Affecting Our Reported Results. Our businesses and results of operations depend upon general economic conditions and we serve some customers in cyclical industries that are highly competitive and themselves significantly impacted by changes in economic conditions. Over the past few years, global economic conditions have cycled through significant changes, and, while still choppy, have somewhat stabilized over the past year, albeit with little or no economic growth. This stabilization, along with our acquisitions, market share gains and new product introductions, has contributed to our year-over-year net sales increases in five of our six reportable segments.
Over the past two years, we executed on our growth strategies via bolt-on acquisitions and geographic expansion within our existing platforms, primarily within our Packaging, Energy and Cequent APEA reportable segments. We have also proceeded with footprint consolidation projects within our Cequent reportable segments, moving toward more efficient facilities and lower cost country production. While our growth strategies, particularly in Packaging and Energy, have helped to significantly increase our net sales levels and set the foundation for continued growth, and our Cequent footprint projects will yield more effective and efficient manufacturing capability and flexibility while also reducing costs, our earnings margins have declined from historical levels as we incur costs to pursue and integrate these endeavors. Our reportable segment margins have declined at the onset of our recent acquisitions and new branch location openings due to acquisition/setup and diligence costs, purchase accounting adjustments (inventory revaluations and higher depreciation and amortization expense), integration costs, costs to do business in new markets (primarily for new branches, where we make pricing decisions to penetrate new markets and do not yet have the volume leverage) and from acquiring companies with historically lower margins than our legacy businesses. For the Cequent businesses, duplicative costs from multiple facilities, manufacturing inefficiencies associated with the start-up of new facilities and move costs have significantly impacted margins. While these endeavors have significantly impacted margins, we believe that the margins in these businesses will moderate to historical levels over time as we integrate them into our businesses and capitalize on productivity initiatives and volume efficiencies, and Cequent margins will further improve once the facilities are fully operational.
Critical factors affecting our ability to succeed include: our ability to create organic growth through product development, cross selling and extending product-line offerings, and our ability to quickly and cost-effectively introduce new products; our ability to acquire and integrate companies or products that supplement existing product lines, add new distribution channels, expand our geographic coverage or enable better absorption of overhead costs; our ability to manage our cost structure more efficiently via supply base management, internal sourcing and/or purchasing of materials, selective outsourcing and/or purchasing of support functions, working capital management, and greater leverage of our administrative functions. If we are unable to do any of the foregoing successfully, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely impacted.
There is some seasonality in the businesses within our Cequent reportable segments, primarily within Cequent Americas, where sales of towing and trailering products are generally stronger in the second and third quarters, as trailer original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), distributors and retailers acquire product for the spring and summer selling seasons. No other reportable segment experiences significant seasonal fluctuation. We do not consider sales order backlog to be a material factor in our business. A growing portion of our sales is derived from international sources, which exposes us to certain risks, including currency risks.
The demand for some of our products, particularly in our two Cequent reportable segments, is heavily influenced by consumer sentiment. Despite the sales increases in the past two years, we recognize that consumer sentiment and the end market conditions remain unstable, primarily for Cequent Americas, given continued uncertainties in employment levels and consumer credit availability, both of which significantly impact consumer discretionary spending.

23

We are sensitive to price movements in our raw materials supply base. Our largest material purchases are for steel, copper, aluminum, polyethylene and other resins and energy. Historically, we have experienced increasing costs of steel and resin and have worked with our suppliers to manage cost pressures and disruptions in supply. We also utilize pricing programs to pass increased steel, copper, aluminum and resin costs to customers. Although we may experience delays in our ability to implement price increases, we have been generally able to recover such increased costs. We may experience disruptions in supply in the future and may not be able to pass along higher costs associated with such disruptions to our customers in the form of price increases.
We report shipping and handling expenses associated with our Cequent Americas reportable segment's distribution network as an element of selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statement of income. As such, gross margins for the Cequent Americas reportable segment may not be comparable to those of our other reportable segments, which primarily rely on third party distributors, for which all costs are included in cost of sales.


24

Segment Information and Supplemental Analysis
The following table summarizes financial information for our reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 :
Three months ended September 30,
2013
As a Percentage
of Net Sales
2012
As a Percentage
of Net Sales
(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Packaging
$
82,010

23.0
%
$
77,240

23.0
%
Energy
47,680

13.4
%
45,460

13.5
%
Aerospace & Defense
26,540

7.5
%
20,810

6.2
%
Engineered Components
47,540

13.4
%
51,880

15.4
%
Cequent APEA
40,950

11.5
%
37,480

11.2
%
Cequent Americas
110,900

31.2
%
103,000

30.7
%
Total
$
355,620

100.0
%
$
335,870

100.0
%
Gross Profit
Packaging
$
30,490

37.2
%
$
26,280

34.0
%
Energy
10,190

21.4
%
11,640

25.6
%
Aerospace & Defense
9,300

35.0
%
8,570

41.2
%
Engineered Components
6,940

14.6
%
9,200

17.7
%
Cequent APEA
8,310

20.3
%
7,310

19.5
%
Cequent Americas
28,920

26.1
%
27,140

26.3
%
Total
$
94,150

26.5
%
$
90,140

26.8
%
Selling, General and Administrative
Packaging
$
9,620

11.7
%
$
8,040

10.4
%
Energy
8,740

18.3
%
7,840

17.2
%
Aerospace & Defense
3,220

12.1
%
2,540

12.2
%
Engineered Components
4,010

8.4
%
2,890

5.6
%
Cequent APEA
4,730

11.6
%
3,390

9.0
%
Cequent Americas
21,490

19.4
%
18,710

18.2
%
Corporate expenses
9,410

N/A

10,140

N/A

Total
$
61,220

17.2
%
$
53,550

15.9
%
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging
$
31,320

38.2
%
$
18,240

23.6
%
Energy
1,450

3.0
%
3,780

8.3
%
Aerospace & Defense
6,060

22.8
%
6,030

29.0
%
Engineered Components
2,860

6.0
%
6,310

12.2
%
Cequent APEA
3,570

8.7
%
3,950

10.5
%
Cequent Americas
7,440

6.7
%
8,430

8.2
%
Corporate expenses
(9,410
)
N/A

(10,140
)
N/A

Total
$
43,290

12.2
%
$
36,600

10.9
%
Depreciation and Amortization
Packaging
$
4,810

5.9
%
$
4,650

6.0
%
Energy
220

0.5
%
1,010

2.2
%
Aerospace & Defense
910

3.4
%
640

3.1
%
Engineered Components
1,060

2.2
%
980

1.9
%
Cequent APEA
1,600

3.9
%
1,280

3.4
%
Cequent Americas
3,170

2.9
%
2,980

2.9
%
Corporate expenses
60

N/A

40

N/A

Total
$
11,830

3.3
%
$
11,580

3.4
%

25

The following table summarizes financial information for our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 :
Nine months ended September 30,
2013
As a Percentage
of Net Sales
2012
As a Percentage
of Net Sales
(dollars in thousands)
Net Sales
Packaging
$
235,000

21.9
%
$
202,250

20.8
%
Energy
161,420

15.1
%
143,220

14.7
%
Aerospace & Defense
71,250

6.7
%
58,000

6.0
%
Engineered Components
143,830

13.4
%
154,180

15.9
%
Cequent APEA
111,330

10.4
%
94,230

9.7
%
Cequent Americas
348,600

32.5
%
319,990

32.9
%
Total
$
1,071,430

100.0
%
$
971,870

100.0
%
Gross Profit
Packaging
$
84,080

35.8
%
$
69,970

34.6
%
Energy
40,430

25.0
%
37,000

25.8
%
Aerospace & Defense
24,760

34.8
%
23,640

40.8
%
Engineered Components
24,950

17.3
%
31,690

20.6
%
Cequent APEA
23,210

20.8
%
18,540

19.7
%
Cequent Americas
83,430

23.9
%
84,100

26.3
%
Total
$
280,860

26.2
%
$
264,940

27.3
%
Selling, General and Administrative
Packaging
$
29,010

12.3
%
$
25,270

12.5
%
Energy
27,850

17.3
%
22,440

15.7
%
Aerospace & Defense
9,410

13.2
%
7,930

13.7
%
Engineered Components
10,440

7.3
%
9,360

6.1
%
Cequent APEA
13,890

12.5
%
9,580

10.2
%
Cequent Americas
62,420

17.9
%
56,050

17.5
%
Corporate expenses
29,520

N/A

26,100

N/A

Total
$
182,540

17.0
%
$
156,730

16.1
%
Operating Profit (Loss)
Packaging
$
65,550

27.9
%
$
44,700

22.1
%
Energy
12,530

7.8
%
14,520

10.1
%
Aerospace & Defense
15,330

21.5
%
15,710

27.1
%
Engineered Components
14,450

10.0
%
22,620

14.7
%
Cequent APEA
9,300

8.4
%
9,000

9.6
%
Cequent Americas
21,030

6.0
%
28,090

8.8
%
Corporate expenses
(29,520
)
N/A

(26,100
)
N/A

Total
$
108,670

10.1
%
$
108,540

11.2
%
Depreciation and Amortization
Packaging
$
14,190

6.0
%
$
13,310

6.6
%
Energy
2,660

1.6
%
2,330

1.6
%
Aerospace & Defense
2,690

3.8
%
2,010

3.5
%
Engineered Components
3,150

2.2
%
2,790

1.8
%
Cequent APEA
4,060

3.6
%
2,910

3.1
%
Cequent Americas
9,710

2.8
%
9,980

3.1
%
Corporate expenses
160

N/A

120

N/A

Total
$
36,620

3.4
%
$
33,450

3.4
%


26

Results of Operations
The principal factors impacting us during the three months ended September 30, 2013 , compared with the three months ended September 30, 2012 , were:
•
the impact of our various acquisitions during 2013 and 2012 (see below for the impact by reportable segment);
•
market share gains and increased demand in certain of our reportable segments in the third quarter of 2013 ;
•
footprint consolidation and relocation projects within our Cequent Americas and Cequent APEA reportable segments, under which we incurred approximately $4.8 million of manufacturing inefficiency, facility move and duplicate costs during the third quarter of 2013 , as compared to $2.1 million of such costs during the third quarter of 2012;
•
the sale of our business in Italy within the Packaging reportable segment, for which we recorded a pre-tax gain of approximately $10.5 million;
•
our equity offering during the third quarter of 2013 , where we issued 5,175,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $174.7 million ; and
•
entry into our amended and restated credit agreement ("Credit Agreement") in the fourth quarter of 2012, which enabled us to shift our debt structure to all bank debt and redeem our higher-interest cost senior secured notes.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
Overall, net sales increased approximately $19.8 million , or approximately 5.9% , to $355.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared with $335.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . During the third quarter of 2013 , net sales increased in all of our reportable segments except for Engineered Components. Of the sales increase, approximately $17.2 million was due to our recent acquisitions. The remainder of the increase in sales levels between years was due to our expansion in international markets, primarily in our Energy reportable segment, and new customer wins primarily in our Packaging and Energy reportable segments, and the impact of continued economic strength in certain of our end markets. These sales increases were partially offset by approximately $3.6 million of unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, primarily in our Cequent APEA and Energy reportable segments.
Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 26.5% and 26.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The gross profit margin in our Packaging and Cequent APEA reportable segments increased as compared to the third quarter of 2012, due to increased fixed cost absorption on higher sales levels and due to improvements in manufacturing productivity related to labor efficiencies and automation. Gross profit margins in our other four reportable segments declined, with the most significant driver being the manufacturing facility footprint consolidation and relocation project in our Cequent Americas reportable segment, where we recorded incremental charges of approximately $1.7 million during the third quarter of 2013. We also experienced a less favorable product sales mix, manufacturing inefficiencies and lower fixed cost absorption, primarily in our Aerospace & Defense and Engineered Components reportable segments. In addition, we continue to experience an overall less favorable product sales mix in those reportable segments with recent acquisitions, as the acquired businesses tend to have lower margins than our historical businesses, plus we incur purchase accounting charges and integration costs in the first several quarters of ownership. While we continue to generate significant savings from capital investments, productivity projects and lean initiatives across all of our businesses, the savings from those projects continue to be partially offset by economic cost increases and our investment in growth initiatives.
Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 12.2% and 10.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. Operating profit increased approximately $6.7 million , or 18.3% , to $43.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from $36.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to an approximate $10.5 million gain recognized within our Packaging reportable segment on the sale of the Italian business, including $7.9 million related to the release of historical currency translation adjustments into net income. Partially offsetting the increase in operating profit margin was a less favorable product sales mix as a result of the newly acquired companies comprising a larger percentage of sales and having lower margins than our legacy businesses, increased selling, general and administrative expenses in support of our acquisitions and our continued growth initiatives, and costs incurred associated with our manufacturing facility footprint consolidation and relocation projects in our Cequent Americas reportable segment.

27

Interest expense decreased approximately $3.9 million , to $5.6 million , for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 . The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a reduction in our overall interest rates due to the 2012 redemption of our former senior secured notes due 2017 (face value of $250.0 million), which bore interest at 9 3 / 4 %, and the refinancing of our Credit Agreement at lower interest rates. Interest expense also declined due to a decrease in our effective weighted average interest rate on variable rate borrowings, including our Credit Agreement and accounts receivable facilities, to approximately 2.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from 3.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Partially offsetting these reductions was an increase in our weighted-average variable rate borrowings to approximately $547.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from approximately $284.7 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to a shift in our debt structure to all bank debt with the redemption of our higher-interest senior secured notes.
Other income (expense), net decreased approximately $2.2 million , to $2.3 million of other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $0.1 million of other income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2012 . The decrease was primarily related to a bargain purchase gain of approximately $2.9 million on the acquisition of certain towing technology and business assets of AL-KO ("AL-KO") within our Cequent APEA reportable segment. The impact of the bargain purchase gain was partially offset by losses on transactions denominated in foreign currencies recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to gains recorded on such transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2012 .
The effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were 25.1% and 26.9% , respectively. The reduction in the rate was primarily driven by an overall lower foreign effective tax rate in the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 .
Net income from continuing operations increased by approximately $10.0 million , to $30.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $20.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 . The increase was primarily the result of a $ 6.7 million increase in operating profit, plus a $3.9 million reduction in interest expense, plus a $2.2 million reduction in other expenses, offset by a $2.7 million increase in income tax expense.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 . The income relates to our 70% acquisition in Arminak & Associates, LLC ("Arminak") in February 2012, which represents the 30% interest not attributed to TriMas Corporation.
See below for a discussion of operating results by segment.
Packaging. Net sales increased approximately $4.8 million , or 6.2% , to $82.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $77.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales of our specialty systems products increased approximately $9.3 million, primarily due to increased demand from our customers in North America and Europe, plus continued growth with new customers in Asia. This increase was partially offset by decreases in our industrial closures business of approximately $4.5 million, of which approximately $1.4 million relates to the divestiture of our Italian rings and levers business.
Packaging's gross profit increased approximately $4.2 million to $30.5 million , or 37.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $26.3 million , or 34.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to higher sales levels combined with the continued favorability of productivity and automation initiatives.  In addition, our recently acquired companies continue to improve their margins from historical levels, which were below the legacy business' margins, via investment in capital projects and productivity efforts. Partially offsetting the margin increases were a less favorable product sales mix, with sales of our lower margin specialty dispensing products comprising a larger percentage of overall sales, and incremental costs and lower margins associated with the penetration into the Asia specialty dispensing market, as we continue to invest in manufacturing capability and price our products to gain market share.
Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.6 million to $9.6 million , or 11.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $8.0 million , or 10.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Spending levels were relatively flat year-over-year, as the increase was primarily as a result of recognition of a previously deferred gain of $1.5 million associated with the segment's postretirement benefit plan during the three months ended September 30, 2012.
Packaging's operating profit increased approximately $13.1 million to $31.3 million , or 38.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $18.2 million , or 23.6% of sales, in three months ended September 30, 2012 . Operating profit and operating profit margin both increased primarily due to an approximate $10.5 million gain recognized on the sale of the Italian business, which included approximately $7.9 million related to the release of historical currency translation adjustments into net income. In addition, operating profit further increased as a result of higher sales levels and ongoing productivity and automation initiatives, which were partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2013 .

28

Energy. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2013 increased approximately $2.2 million , or 4.9% , to $47.7 million , as compared to $45.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales increased approximately $3.0 million as a result of the acquisitions of Gasket Vedações Técnicas Ltda ("GVT") in January 2013, Wulfrun Specialised Fasteners Limited ("Wulfrun") in March 2013 and substantially all of the business assets of Tat Lee (Thailand) Ltd. ("Tat Lee") in April 2013. Additionally, we experienced increased sales generated by our international locations, primarily as a result of new customer orders. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in normal customer shutdown activity at refineries and petrochemical plants compared to the prior year quarter and approximately $0.4 million of unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.
Gross profit within Energy decreased approximately $1.5 million to $10.2 million , or 21.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $11.6 million , or 25.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to weaker shutdown activity, which contributed to a less favorable product mix shift towards standard gaskets and bolts, which return lower margins than highly engineered gaskets and bolts.
Selling, general and administrative expenses within Energy increased approximately $0.9 million to $8.7 million , or 18.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $7.8 million , or 17.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . This increase was significantly due to the normal operating selling, general and administrative costs of our recent acquisitions.
Overall, operating profit within Energy decreased approximately $2.3 million to $1.5 million , or 3.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $3.8 million , or 8.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to weaker turnaround activity demand coupled with a less favorable shift in product sales mix, and increased selling, general and administrative costs.
Aerospace & Defense. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2013 increased approximately $5.7 million , or 27.5% , to $26.5 million , as compared to $20.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales in our aerospace business increased approximately $6.0 million, of which $4.2 million was due to the acquisition of Martinic Engineering, Inc. ("Martinic") in the first quarter of 2013. Additionally, we experienced higher sales levels in our blind bolt fastener product lines as a result of increased demand related to new OEM platforms. This increase was partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in sales in our defense business.
Gross profit within Aerospace & Defense increased approximately $0.7 million to $9.3 million , or 35.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from $8.6 million , or 41.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Gross profit dollars increased primarily due to higher sales levels. However, gross profit margin decreased primarily due to manufacturing inefficiencies and increased labor costs primarily related to blind bolt fastener production scheduling inefficiencies. Additionally, we incurred approximately $0.2 million of purchase accounting-related adjustments in the third quarter of 2013 related to the step-up in value and subsequent sale of inventory and amortization of intangible assets in connection with our Martinic acquisition.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $0.7 million to $3.2 million , or 12.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $2.5 million , or 12.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs associated with our Martinic acquisition. Selling, general and administrative expenses remained relatively flat as a percentage of sales primarily due to the operating leverage gained on the higher sales levels.
Operating profit within Aerospace & Defense remained flat at approximately $6.1 million , or 22.8% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $6.0 million , or 29.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , as the income generated on the higher blind bolt and Martinic acquisition sales were essentially offset by manufacturing inefficiencies, higher labor costs and increased higher selling, general and administrative costs.
Engineered Components. Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2013 decreased approximately $4.3 million , or 8.4% , to $47.5 million , as compared to $51.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales of slow speed and compressor engines and related products decreased by approximately $5.2 million due to decreased drilling activity and reduced demand in international markets. Sales of gas compression products and processing and meter run equipment decreased by approximately $1.0 million, also as a result of the aforementioned reduction in drilling and reductions in completion of previously drilled wells. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales in our industrial cylinder business of approximately $1.8 million, resulting from market share gains, as well as increased growth in international markets and new product introductions in high pressure and acetylene ISO cylinders.

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Gross profit within Engineered Components decreased approximately $2.3 million to $6.9 million , or 14.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from $9.2 million , or 17.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily as a result of decreased sales in both our slow speed compressor engines and related products and gas compression products and processing and meter run equipment. Gross margin in our engine business also declined as a percent of sales due to a lower fixed cost absorption as a result of lower production and procurement levels, given the decline in sales within the engine business, and less favorable product sales mix, with more sales of lower margin, oil production engines and fewer sales of higher margin, natural gas production engines.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.1 million to $4.0 million , or 8.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $2.9 million , or 5.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , as our engine business continued to invest in growth initiatives related to its newer gas compression and related products, and our industrial cylinder business continued to invest in both new products and growth opportunities.
Operating profit within Engineered Components decreased approximately $3.5 million to $2.9 million , or 6.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to operating profit of $6.3 million , or 12.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , as increases in profit levels in our industrial cylinder business were more than offset by decreased sales levels, lower fixed cost absorption, and a less favorable product mix in our engine business in addition to higher selling, general and administrative expenses.
Cequent APEA. Net sales increased approximately $3.5 million , or 9.3% , to $41.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $37.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . The acquisitions of C.P. Witter Limited ("Witter"), in April 2013, and the towing technology and business assets of AL-KO, in July 2013, contributed approximately $8.8 million of incremental sales. Partially offsetting the increase due to acquisitions was lower customer demand in Australia as a result of political and economic conditions during the third quarter of 2013 and the negative impact of currency exchange of approximately $3.3 million, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.
Cequent APEA's gross profit increased approximately $1.0 million to $8.3 million , or 20.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from approximately $7.3 million , or 19.5% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 . Gross profit increased primarily due to higher sales levels from the acquisitions. In addition, we incurred approximately $0.2 million lower year-over-year purchase accounting-related adjustments for the step up in value and subsequent sale of inventory in connection with our recent Witter and AL-KO acquisitions compared with the 2012 acquisition of TrailCom Limited ("TrailCom"). Gross profit margin increased primarily due to efficiencies gained in our Australian businesses following the completion of the consolidation of two manufacturing facilities into one, as additional costs were incurred during the third quarter of 2012 during the move and consolidation process. These efficiencies were partially offset by a less favorable product sales mix, as the Witter and AL-KO businesses yield lower gross margins than this segment's historical margins.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.3 million to $4.7 million , or 11.6% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $3.4 million , or 9.0% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily in support of our growth initiatives, including approximately $1.2 million of normal operating selling, general and administrative costs related to Witter and AL-KO.
Cequent APEA's operating profit decreased approximately $0.4 million to approximately $3.6 million , or 8.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to $4.0 million , or 10.5% of net sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , as the increase in selling, general and administrative costs and less favorable product sales mix more than offset the impact of higher sales levels from the acquisitions and improved manufacturing efficiencies gained in the three months ended September 30, 2013 .
Cequent Americas. Net sales increased approximately $7.9 million , or 7.7% , to $110.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $103.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to year-over-year increases within our retail and auto original equipment ("OE") channels. Net sales within our retail channel increased by approximately $5.6 million, primarily due to increases in demand and higher sales related to our new broom and brush product line. Sales within our auto OE channel increased approximately $3.3 million due to higher OEM build rates and new business awards. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of approximately $1.0 million within our aftermarket channel, primarily due to lower consumer demand. Our other market channels remained relatively flat year-over-year.

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Cequent Americas' gross profit increased approximately $1.8 million to $28.9 million , or 26.1% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from approximately $27.1 million , or 26.3% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to the increase in sales levels between years and savings generated from continued productivity projects, primarily via negotiated vendor cost reductions and labor arbitrage between the United States and lower cost country labor rates in 2013. The profit generated from the increase in sales during the third quarter of 2013 was partially offset by approximately $1.7 million of incremental costs related to the expansion of our manufacturing capacity and footprint in our lower cost country facilities and subsequent move of certain OE production and aftermarket programs thereto. In addition, we experienced a less favorable product sales mix in the third quarter of 2013, with a higher percentage of sales in the auto OE channel and the retail broom and brush line, which yield lower margins than other products in this reportable segment, and we experienced an increase in freight costs in the third quarter of 2013 compared to the third quarter of 2012.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $2.8 million to $21.5 million , or 19.4% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $18.7 million , or 18.2% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily as a result of approximately $1.1 million of increased selling, general and administrative expenses associated with our actions to move and consolidate production facilities during the third quarter of 2013. In addition, this segment incurred incremental costs associated with sales promotions and distribution costs in support of higher sales volumes.
Cequent Americas' operating profit decreased approximately $1.0 million to $7.4 million , or 6.7% of sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $8.4 million , or 8.2% of net sales, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 , as costs incurred related to the footprint and lower cost country project, the less favorable product sales mix and increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in support of our growth initiatives more than offset the additional margin gained from the higher sales levels and reductions in costs in lower cost countries in the three months ended September 30, 2013 .
Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses consist of the following:
Three months ended September 30,
2013
2012
(in millions)
Corporate operating expenses
$
3.6

$
4.1

Employee costs and related benefits
5.8

6.0

Corporate expenses
$
9.4

$
10.1

Corporate expenses decreased approximately $0.7 million to $9.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 , from $10.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 . The decrease between years is primarily attributed to a decrease in third party professional fees, as well as a reduction in costs associated with our long-term incentive programs due to quarter-over-quarter changes in estimated attainment for certain of our performance awards.




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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
Overall, net sales increased approximately $99.6 million , or approximately 10.2% , to $1,071.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared with $971.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . During the first nine months of 2013 , net sales increased in all of our reportable segments except for Engineered Components. Of the sales increase, approximately $57.7 million was due to our recent acquisitions. The remainder of the increase in sales levels between years was due to continued market share gains, primarily in the Energy reportable segment, our expansion in international markets, primarily in our Packaging, Energy and Cequent APEA reportable segments and the impact of continued economic strength in certain of our end markets. These sales increases were partially offset by approximately $5.7 million of unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies, primarily in our Energy and Cequent APEA reportable segments.
Gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 26.2% and 27.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The gross profit margin in our Packaging and Cequent APEA reportable segments increased as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012, due to improvements in manufacturing productivity related to labor efficiencies and automation. Gross profit margins in our other four reportable segments declined, with the most significant driver being the manufacturing facility footprint consolidation and relocation project in our Cequent Americas reportable segment, where we recorded incremental charges of approximately $6.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 . We also experienced a less favorable product sales mix, manufacturing inefficiencies and lower fixed costs absorption, primarily in our Aerospace & Defense and Engineered Components reportable segments. In addition, we continue to experience an overall less favorable product sales mix in those reportable segments with recent acquisitions, as the acquired businesses tend to have lower margins than our historical businesses, plus we incur purchase accounting charges and integration costs in the first several quarters of ownership. While we continue to generate significant savings from capital investments, productivity projects and lean initiatives across all of our businesses, the savings from those projects has primarily been offset by economic cost increases and our investment in growth initiatives.
Operating profit margin (operating profit as a percentage of sales) approximated 10.1% and 11.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. Operating profit remained approximately flat, at $108.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $108.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Operating profit and related margin increased due to a $10.5 million gain recognized within our Packaging reportable segment on the sale of the Italian business, including $7.9 million related to the release of historical currency translation adjustments into net income. Operating profit dollars also increased due to the higher sales levels. However, our operating profit margin declined primarily due to a less favorable product sales mix as a result of the newly acquired companies comprising a larger percentage of sales and having lower margins than our legacy businesses, increased selling, general and administrative expenses in support of our acquisitions and our continued growth initiatives, and costs incurred associated with our manufacturing facility footprint consolidation and relocation projects in our Cequent Americas reportable segment.
Interest expense decreased approximately $14.1 million , to $16.3 million , for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $30.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a reduction in our overall interest rates due to the 2012 redemption of our former senior secured notes due 2017 (face value of $250.0 million), which bore interest at 9 3 / 4 %, and the refinancing of our Credit Agreement at lower interest rates. Interest expense declined due to a decrease in our effective weighted average interest rate on variable rate borrowings, including our Credit Agreement and accounts receivable facilities, to approximately 2.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from 3.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Partially offsetting these reductions was an increase in our weighted-average variable rate borrowings to approximately $545.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from approximately $275.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to a shift in our debt structure to all bank debt with the redemption of our higher-interest senior secured notes.
Debt extinguishment costs of approximately $6.6 million were incurred related to the partial redemption of our senior secured notes in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . During the first nine months of 2013 , we did not incur debt extinguishment costs.
Other income (expense), net decreased approximately $2.8 million , to $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The change was primarily related to a bargain purchase gain of approximately $2.9 million on the acquisition of certain towing technology and business assets of AL-KO within our Cequent APEA reportable segment in the third quarter of 2013.
The effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were 23.3% and 28.6% , respectively. The reduction in the rate was primarily driven by an overall lower foreign effective tax rate coupled with discrete tax benefits as a result of the enactment of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 and the release of certain unrecognized tax liabilities in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 .

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Net income from continuing operations increased by approximately $21.7 million , to $71.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $49.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The increase was primarily the result of a $14.1 million reduction in interest expense, plus a $2.8 million reduction in other expense, net, plus $6.6 million in debt extinguishment costs that did not recur during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, less a $1.9 million increase in income tax expense.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , compared to $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The increase relates to our 70% acquisition in Arminak in February 2012, which represents the 30% interest not attributed to TriMas Corporation.
See below for a discussion of operating results by segment.
Packaging. Net sales increased approximately $32.8 million , or 16.2% , to $235.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $202.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales of our specialty systems products increased approximately $35.0 million, primarily due to continued increases in demand from our major customers in North American and Europe, as well as continued growth in the revenue base in Asia. Sales of our industrial closures declined by approximately $2.3 million, primarily as a result of a reduction in sales from our recently sold Italian rings and levers business.
Packaging's gross profit increased approximately $14.1 million to $84.1 million , or 35.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $70.0 million , or 34.6% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to the higher sales levels. Also contributing to this increase were approximately $1.3 million of purchase accounting adjustments related to the step-up in value and subsequent amortization of inventory in connection with our Arminak acquisition which adversely impacted gross margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Gross margin further increased due to our ongoing capital and productivity initiatives. Partially offsetting these increases is a less favorable product sales mix, with sales of our lower margin specialty dispensing products, including sales from our Arminak and Innovative Molding acquisitions, comprising a larger percentage of overall sales, and incremental costs and lower margins associated with Packaging's penetration into the Asia specialty dispensing market, as we continue to invest in manufacturing capability and price our products to gain market share.
Packaging's selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $3.7 million to $29.0 million , or 12.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $25.3 million , or 12.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to normal selling, general and administrative expenses associated with the increase in sales levels. During the first nine months of 2012, we recognized a previously deferred gain of $1.5 million associated with the segment's postretirement benefit plan and incurred approximately $1.0 million in combined travel, legal, finance and other diligence costs associated with consummating the acquisition of Arminak.
Packaging's operating profit increased approximately $20.9 million to $65.6 million , or 27.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $44.7 million , or 22.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Operating profit and operating profit margin both increased primarily due to an approximate $10.5 million gain recognized on the sale of the Italian business, including $7.9 million related to the release of historical currency translation adjustments into net income. In addition, operating profit further increased as a result of increased sales, with profit margin also increasing as a result of reduced acquisition costs, additional productivity initiatives and additional operating leverage on the higher sales levels, which were partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 .
Energy. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased approximately $18.2 million , or 12.7% , to $161.4 million , as compared to $143.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Of this increase, approximately $7.7 million was driven by increases with our engineering and construction customers and $5.8 million was due to the acquisitions of Wulfrun, GVT and Tat Lee. The remaining sales increase was due largely to increased sales generated by our international locations as a result of additional market penetration and new customer wins. These sales increases were partially offset by a reduction in normal customer shutdown activity at refineries and petrochemical plants compared to the prior year, and approximately $1.1 million of unfavorable currency exchange, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.
Gross profit within Energy increased approximately $3.4 million to $40.4 million , or 25.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $37.0 million , or 25.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to higher sales levels and continued labor productivity and manufacturing efficiency gains. Gross profit margin declined due to a less favorable shift in product sales mix, with a higher percentage of sales generated by lower margin standard gaskets and bolts as well as a higher percentage of sales being generated from our non-U.S. acquisitions and branches, which typically have lower margins due to both aggressively pricing products to penetrate new markets and incurring launch costs, including employee training of manufacturing processes.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses within Energy increased approximately $5.4 million to $27.9 million , or 17.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $22.4 million , or 15.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . This increase was primarily in support of our growth initiatives, including approximately $2.2 million for the normal operating selling, general and administrative costs of our recent acquisitions, along with an additional $0.7 million of third party finance and legal diligence fees associated with the acquired companies.
Overall, operating profit within Energy decreased approximately $2.0 million to $12.5 million , or 7.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $14.5 million , or 10.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Operating profit decreased despite the increase in sales, as increased profit related to the higher sales levels, productivity and efficiency gains was more than offset by a mix shift, with more of the sales resulting from lower margin standard gaskets and bolts and more sales being generated by our recent acquisitions and branches, which have lower margins, and due to increases in selling, general and administrative costs in support of growth initiatives.
Aerospace & Defense. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 increased approximately $13.3 million , or 22.8% , to $71.3 million , as compared to $58.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales in our aerospace business increased approximately $14.0 million, of which approximately $10.2 million was due to the acquisition of Martinic. Additionally, we experienced higher sales levels in our blind bolt fastener product lines as a result of increased demand related to new OEM platforms. This increase was partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in sales in our defense business.
Gross profit within Aerospace & Defense increased approximately $1.1 million to $24.8 million , or 34.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from $23.6 million , or 40.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . While gross profit increased as a result of the higher sales levels, gross profit margin decreased primarily due to manufacturing inefficiencies and increased labor costs primarily related to blind bolt fastener production scheduling inefficiencies, costs associated with the start-up of a new facility to manufacture aerospace collars in Tempe, Arizona and a less favorable product sales mix, due to Martinic having lower gross margins than the remainder of the aerospace business. Additionally, we incurred approximately $0.8 million of purchase accounting-related adjustments during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 related to the step-up in value and subsequent sale of inventory and amortization of intangible assets in connection with our Martinic acquisition.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.5 million to $9.4 million , or 13.2% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $7.9 million , or 13.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs of approximately $1.1 million associated with our Martinic acquisition. Additionally, we incurred approximately $0.3 million in combined travel, legal, finance and other diligence costs associated with consummating the acquisition. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased as a percentage of sales primarily due to the operating leverage gained on the higher sales levels.
Operating profit within Aerospace & Defense decreased approximately $0.4 million to $15.3 million , or 21.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $15.7 million , or 27.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The decrease in operating profit and operating profit margin is primarily due to the manufacturing and new facility inefficiencies in our aerospace business during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and the purchase accounting adjustments and acquisition costs, which were only partially offset by the leverage gained on higher sales levels. The operating profit dollars were also negatively impacted by the additional selling, general and administrative costs for Martinic and the less favorable product sales mix.
Engineered Components. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 decreased approximately $10.4 million , or 6.7% , to $143.8 million , as compared to $154.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales of slow speed and compressor engines and related products decreased by approximately $12.1 million as a result of decreased drilling activity and reduced demand in international markets. Sales of gas compression products and processing and meter run equipment decreased by approximately $4.1 million, also as a result of the aforementioned reduction in drilling. This was offset by increased sales in our industrial cylinder business of approximately $5.8 million resulting from increased market share gains, which we believe were partially aided by competitive balance in the high pressure cylinder market following the International Trade Commission's May 2012 imposition of anti-dumping and countervailing duties on imported high pressure cylinders, as well as increased growth in international markets and new product introductions in high pressure and acetylene ISO cylinders.
Gross profit within Engineered Components decreased approximately $6.7 million to $25.0 million , or 17.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from $31.7 million , or 20.6% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to the lower sales levels. Gross margin declined in our engine business for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 due to lower fixed cost absorption resulting from lower production and purchasing levels given the decline in sales and a less favorable product sales mix. Gross margin within our industrial cylinder business increased as a result of productivity initiatives. These increases more than offset decreases in margin related to increased utility costs, primarily driven by natural gas inflation and less a favorable product sales mix.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.1 million to $10.4 million , or 7.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $9.4 million , or 6.1% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , as our engine business continued to invest in growth initiatives related to its newer gas compression and related products, and our industrial cylinder business continued to invest in both new products and growth opportunities. These increases were partially offset by reductions in legal fees associated with the anti-dumping claim in the second quarter of 2012 in our industrial cylinder business.
Operating profit within Engineered Components decreased approximately $8.2 million to $14.5 million , or 10.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to operating profit of $22.6 million , or 14.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to the lower sales levels between years, lower fixed cost absorption and less favorable product sales mix in our engine business, which was partially offset by sales increases and productivity initiatives in the industrial cylinder business.
Cequent APEA. Net sales increased approximately $17.1 million , or 18.1% , to $111.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $94.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Sales increased approximately $19.9 million due to the acquisitions of Witter, Trail Com and the assets from the AL-KO acquisition. Additionally, we experienced a sales increase due to new business awards in Asia. Partially offsetting these increases were reduced market demand in Australia as a result of political and economic conditions during the third quarter of 2013 and the negative impact of currency exchange of approximately $4.5 million, as our reported results in U.S. dollars were negatively impacted as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies.
Cequent APEA's gross profit increased approximately $4.7 million to $23.2 million , or 20.8% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from approximately $18.5 million , or 19.7% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to higher sales levels. Gross profit and related margin increased primarily due to efficiencies gained in our Australian businesses following the completion of the consolidation of two manufacturing facilities into one, as the facilities were less efficient and duplicative costs were incurred during the first three quarters of 2012 during the move and consolidation process. These efficiencies were partially offset by a less favorable product sales mix, as the newly acquired businesses have lower margins than the legacy business, and approximately $0.5 million incremental purchase accounting-related adjustments related to the step-up in value and subsequent amortization of inventory in connection with our 2013 Witter and AL-KO acquisitions compared to the 2012 acquisition of TrailCom.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $4.3 million to $13.9 million , or 12.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $9.6 million , or 10.2% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily as a result of sales increases and in support of our growth initiatives, including approximately $2.6 million of normal operating selling, general and administrative costs related to Witter and AL-KO, as well as increased legal and professional costs of approximately $0.6 million associated with completion of our European acquisitions.
Cequent APEA's operating profit increased approximately $0.3 million to approximately $9.3 million , or 8.4% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to $9.0 million , or 9.6% of net sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . Operating profit increased primarily due to higher sales levels, while operating profit margin decreased, as the margin impact of the facility efficiency gains was more than offset by the less favorable product sales mix and incremental costs associated with our recent acquisitions.
Cequent Americas. Net sales increased approximately $28.6 million , or 8.9% , to $348.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $320.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily due to year-over-year increases within our OE, aftermarket and retail channels. Sales within our OE channel increased approximately $11.3 million due to increased OEM build rates and new business awards. Net sales within our retail channel increased by approximately $13.5 million, primarily due to increased demand and higher sales related to our new broom and brush product line. Sales within our aftermarket channel increased approximately $4.9 million, predominately due to strength in the recreational vehicle and OE aftermarket subcategories and due to our July 2012 acquisition of Engetran, which generated approximately $2.9 million in incremental sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 . These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.6 million in our industrial channel, primarily due to an overall decrease in agricultural and industrial trailer production as well as the rationalization of certain lower margin business in electrical and lighting products.

35

Cequent Americas' gross profit decreased approximately $0.7 million to $83.4 million , or 23.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $84.1 million , or 26.3% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The profit generated from the increase in sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was more than offset by approximately $6.4 million of incremental costs associated with our announced closure of our Goshen, Indiana manufacturing facility and relocation of the production therefrom to our lower cost country facilities. The largest cost related to the facility closure was approximately $3.8 million of severance costs associated with the hourly employees. The remainder of the costs related to the expansion of our manufacturing capacity and footprint in our lower cost country facilities and subsequent move of certain OE production and aftermarket programs thereto. In addition, we experienced a less favorable product sales mix in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , due to incremental sales from our new retail broom and brush line and Engetran, which yield lower margins than certain of the other products in this reportable segment, as well as an increase in freight costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $6.4 million to $62.4 million , or 17.9% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $56.1 million , or 17.5% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , primarily as a result of higher ongoing selling, general and administrative costs of approximately $2.1 million associated with our acquisitions of Engetran and our broom and brush product line. Additionally, this segment incurred higher employee costs in support of our growth initiatives and recognized approximately $1.8 million of increased selling, general and administrative expenses associated with our actions to move and consolidate production facilities during the first nine months of 2013 compared to 2012 .
Cequent Americas' operating profit decreased approximately $7.1 million to $21.0 million , or 6.0% of sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , as compared to $28.1 million , or 8.8% of net sales, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , as costs incurred related to the footprint and lower cost country project, the less favorable product sales mix and increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in support of our growth initiatives more than offset the additional margin gained from the higher sales levels in the nine months ended September 30, 2013 .
Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses consist of the following:
Nine months ended September 30,
2013
2012
(in millions)
Corporate operating expenses
$
11.8

$
10.9

Employee costs and related benefits
17.7

15.2

Corporate expenses
$
29.5

$
26.1

Corporate expenses increased approximately $3.4 million to $29.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , from $26.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 . The increase between years is primarily attributed to higher employee costs and related benefits associated with long-term incentive programs, in addition to an increase in third party professional fees, primarily supporting our international growth efforts for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 .
Discontinued Operations. The results of discontinued operations consists of our precision tool cutting and specialty fitting lines of business, which were sold in December 2011. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , income from discontinued operations, net of income tax expense, was $0.7 million . See Note 5 , " Discontinued Operations, " to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.


36

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
Cash flows provided by operating activities were approximately $41.3 million and $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. Significant changes in cash flows provided by operating activities and the reasons for such changes are as follows:
•
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , the Company generated $99.4 million of cash, based on the reported net income of $71.8 million and after considering the effects of non-cash items related to gains on dispositions of property and equipment, bargain purchase gain, depreciation, amortization, compensation and related changes in excess tax benefits, changes in deferred income taxes, and other, net. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , the Company generated $92.3 million in cash flows based on the reported net income of $49.4 million and after considering the effects of similar non-cash items.
•
Increases in accounts receivable resulted in a use of cash of approximately $48.6 million and $38.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The increase in accounts receivable is due primarily to the increase in year-over-year sales and the timing of sales and collection of cash within the period. Our days sales outstanding of receivables remained essentially flat period-over-period.
•
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 , we reduced our investment in inventory, which resulted in a cash source of $1.8 million , as significant increases to our inventory levels were not required despite the increases in sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 , we used approximately $31.4 million of cash for investments in our inventories. During 2012, we made additional opportunistic investments in inventory levels in certain of our businesses in order to gain market share, and we also increased inventory levels in our Cequent Americas reportable segment in late 2012 given the planned closure of the Goshen, Indiana manufacturing facility. As a result, inventory levels were higher at the end of 2012, requiring less of an investment in inventory during the first nine months of 2013 compared to the first nine months of 2012.
•
Increases in prepaid expenses and other assets resulted in a use of cash of approximately $7.1 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 relates primarily to prepaid foreign taxes of $3.6 million. The remaining increase is due primarily to additional investments in manufacturing supplies, spare parts and tooling assets, as well as prepaid advertising costs, to support our increased sales levels.
•
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , accounts payable and accrued liabilities resulted in a net use of cash of approximately $4.3 million and $6.1 million , respectively. The change in cash used for accounts payable and accrued liabilities is primarily a result of the timing of payments made to suppliers and mix of vendors and related terms. Days of accounts payable on hand remained flat period-over-period.
Net cash used for investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was approximately $80.4 million and $118.1 million , respectively. During the first nine months of 2013 , we paid approximately $56.0 million for business acquisitions, including the acquisition of Martinic in our Aerospace & Defense reportable segment, Wulfrun in our Energy reportable segment, and Witter and the towing assets of AL-KO in our Cequent APEA segment. We also incurred approximately $35.2 million in capital expenditures, which is consistent with our 2012 levels, as we have continued our investment in growth and productivity-related capital projects. Cash received from the disposition of assets was approximately $10.7 million for the first nine months of 2013 , primarily related to the sale of our business in Italy within our Packaging reportable segment. During the first nine months of 2012 , we paid approximately $84.6 million for business acquisitions, primarily for the acquisition of Arminak within our Packaging reportable segment, we invested approximately $36.4 million in capital expenditures and cash received from the disposition of assets was approximately $3.0 million .
Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $227.9 million and $39.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 , respectively. During the third quarter of 2013 , we completed an equity offering which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $174.7 million , which remains in cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2013 . The remaining increase is primarily due to additional net borrowings on our receivables and revolving credit facilities as compared to 2012 . This is partially offset by an increase in shares surrendered for tax obligations of approximately $2.9 million, a decrease in proceeds received from the exercise of stock options of approximately $4.3 million and approximately $1.1 million in distributions to noncontrolling interest during the first nine months of 2013 as compared to the first nine months of 2012 .

37

Our Debt and Other Commitments
As of September 30, 2013, we were party to a Credit Agreement consisting of a $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility, a $200.0 million senior secured term loan A facility and a $200.0 million senior secured term loan B facility. During the second quarter of 2013 , the Company amended the portion of its Credit Agreement related to the $250.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility to permit revolving borrowing denominated in specified foreign currencies ("Foreign Currency Loans"), subject to a $75.0 million sub limit. Under this amendment, Foreign Currency Loans are available at rates equivalent to those previously established under the Credit Agreement, for the applicable interest period.
At September 30, 2013 , $393.0 million was outstanding on the term loan facilities and $20.7 million was outstanding on the revolving credit facility. The Credit Agreement allows issuance of letters of credit, not to exceed $75.0 million in aggregate, against revolving credit facility commitments.
The Credit Agreement also provides for incremental term loan facility commitments, not to exceed the greater of $300 million and an amount such that, after giving effect to the making of such commitments and the incurrence of any other indebtedness substantially simultaneously with the making of such commitments, the senior secured net leverage ratio, as defined, is no greater than 2.50 to 1.00, as defined. The terms and conditions of any incremental term loan and/or revolving credit facility commitments must be no more favorable than the existing credit facility. Under the Credit Agreement, if, on or prior to October 11, 2013, we prepay all or any portion of the term loan B facility using a new term loan facility with lower interest rate margins, then we will be required to pay a premium equal to 1% of the aggregate principal amount prepaid. In addition, beginning with the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 (payable in 2014), we may be required to prepay a portion of our term loan A and term loan B facilities in an amount equal to a percentage of our excess cash flow, as defined, which such percentage will be based on our leverage ratio, as defined. In April 2012, we prepaid $5.0 million of our former term loan B facility under the excess cash flow provision of the previous credit agreement.
Amounts drawn under our revolving credit facility fluctuate daily based upon our working capital and other ordinary course needs. Availability under our revolving credit facility depends upon, among other things, compliance with our Credit Agreement's financial covenants. Our Credit Agreement contains various negative and affirmative covenants and other requirements affecting us and our subsidiaries, including restrictions on incurrence of debt, liens, mergers, investments, loans, advances, guarantee obligations, acquisitions, asset dispositions, sale-leaseback transactions, hedging agreements, dividends and other restricted payments, transactions with affiliates, restrictive agreements and amendments to charters, bylaws, and other material documents. The terms of our Credit Agreement require us and our subsidiaries to meet certain restrictive financial covenants and ratios computed quarterly, including a leverage ratio (total consolidated indebtedness plus outstanding amounts under the accounts receivable securitization facility over consolidated EBITDA, as defined) and an interest expense coverage ratio (consolidated EBITDA, as defined, over cash interest expense, as defined). Our permitted leverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.50 to 1.00 as of September 30, 2013 . If we were to complete an acquisition which qualifies for a Covenant Holiday Period, as defined in our Credit Agreement, then our permitted leverage ratio cannot exceed 4.00 to 1.00 during that period. Our actual leverage ratio was 2.47 to 1.00 at September 30, 2013 . Our permitted interest expense coverage ratio under the Credit Agreement is 3.00 to 1.00 as of September 30, 2013 . Our actual interest expense coverage ratio was 9.82 to 1.00 at September 30, 2013 . At September 30, 2013 , we were in compliance with our financial and other covenants.

38

The following is a reconciliation of net income attributable to TriMas Corporation, as reported, which is a GAAP measure of our operating results, to Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined in our Credit Agreement, for the twelve months ended September 30, 2013 . We present Consolidated Bank EBITDA to show our performance under our financial covenants.
Less:
Add:
Year Ended December 31, 2012
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Net income attributable to TriMas Corporation
$
33,880

$
47,820

$
68,700

$
54,760

Bank stipulated adjustments:
Net income attributable to partially-owned subsidiaries
2,410

1,560

3,090

3,940

Interest expense, net (as defined)
35,800

30,420

16,320

21,700

Income tax expense
5,970

19,770

21,620

7,820

Depreciation and amortization
44,870

33,450

36,620

48,040

Non-cash compensation expense (1)
9,280

6,640

7,110

9,750

Other non-cash expenses or losses
3,680

3,240

2,580

3,020

Non-recurring expenses or costs in connection with acquisition integration (2)
350

200

300

450

Debt extinguishment costs (3)
46,810

6,560

—

40,250

Non-recurring expenses or costs for cost saving projects
10,230

6,330

11,380

15,280

Permitted dispositions (4)
(1,890
)
(1,500
)
(1,550
)
(1,940
)
Permitted acquisitions (5)
9,570

8,620

1,230

2,180

EBITDA of partially-owned subsidiaries attributable to noncontrolling interest (6)
(3,720
)
(2,570
)
(4,430
)
(5,580
)
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined
$
197,240

$
160,540

$
162,970

$
199,670

September 30, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Total Consolidated Indebtedness, as defined (7)
$
492,210

Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined
199,670

Actual leverage ratio
2.47

x
Covenant requirement
3.50

x
Less:
Add:
Year Ended December 31, 2012
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense, net (as reported)
$
35,800

$
30,420

$
16,320

$
21,700

Bank stipulated adjustments:
Interest income
(440
)
(390
)
(220
)
(270
)
Non-cash amounts attributable to amortization of financing costs
(2,650
)
(2,230
)
(1,300
)
(1,720
)
Pro forma adjustment for acquisitions and dispositions
2,760

2,400

270

630

Total Consolidated Cash Interest Expense, as defined
$
35,470

$
30,200

$
15,070

$
20,340


39

September 30, 2013
(dollars in thousands)
Consolidated Bank EBITDA, as defined
$
199,670

Total Consolidated Cash Interest Expense, as defined
20,340

Actual interest expense coverage ratio
9.82

x
Covenant requirement
3.00

x
______________________
(1)
Non-cash expenses resulting from the grant of restricted shares of common stock and common stock options.
(2)
Non-recurring costs and expenses arising from the integration of any business acquired not to exceed $25.0 million in the aggregate.
(3)
Costs incurred with refinancing our credit facilities.
(4)
EBITDA from permitted dispositions, as defined.
(5)
EBITDA from permitted acquisitions, as defined.
(6)
Adjustment to EBITDA related to the percent ownership of non-wholly owned subsidiary, as defined.
(7) Includes $12.5 million of acquisition deferred purchase price.
In addition to our Credit Agreement, our Australian subsidiary is party to a debt agreement which matures on December 31, 2013 and is secured by substantially all the assets of the subsidiary. At September 30, 2013 , the balance outstanding under this agreement was approximately $8.4 million at an interest rate of 2.6% . Borrowings under this arrangement are also subject to financial and reporting covenants. Financial covenants include a capital adequacy ratio (tangible net worth over total tangible assets) and an interest coverage ratio (EBIT over gross interest cost) and we were in compliance with such covenants at September 30, 2013 .
Another important source of liquidity is our $105.0 million accounts receivable facility, under which we have the ability to sell eligible accounts receivable to a third-party multi-seller receivables funding company. We had $55.0 million and $18.0 million outstanding under the facility as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and $36.0 million and $51.9 million , respectively, available but not utilized.
At September 30, 2013 , we had $20.7 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $205.6 million potentially available after giving effect to approximately $23.7 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. At December 31, 2012 , we had no amounts outstanding under our revolving credit facility and had $226.7 million , respectively, potentially available after giving effect to approximately $23.3 million of letters of credit issued and outstanding. The letters of credit are used for a variety of purposes, including support of certain operating lease agreements, vendor payment terms and other subsidiary operating activities, and to meet various states' requirements to self-insure workers' compensation claims, including incurred but not reported claims. Including availability under our accounts receivable facility and after consideration of leverage restrictions contained in the Credit Agreement, as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 , we had $206.6 million and $230.5 million , respectively, of borrowing capacity available for general corporate purposes.
Before consideration of our financial covenants, our available revolving credit capacity under the Credit Agreement, after consideration of approximately $23.7 million in letters of credit outstanding related thereto, is approximately $205.6 million , while our available liquidity under our accounts receivable facility ranges from $60 million to $100 million for the first nine months of 2013 , depending on the level of our receivables outstanding at a given point in time during the year. We rely upon our cash flow from operations and available liquidity under our revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities to fund our debt service obligations and other contractual commitments, working capital and capital expenditure requirements. At the end of each quarter, we use cash on hand from our domestic and foreign subsidiaries to pay down amounts outstanding under our revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities. Our weighted average daily amounts outstanding under the revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities during the first nine months of 2013 approximated $134.8 million, compared to the weighted average daily amounts outstanding during the first nine months of 2012 of $55.6 million. Generally, excluding the impact and timing of acquisitions, we use available liquidity under these facilities to fund capital expenditures and daily working capital requirements during the first half of the year, as we experience some seasonality in our two Cequent reportable segments, primarily within Cequent Americas. Sales of towing and trailering products within this segment are generally stronger in the second and third quarters, as OEM, distributors and retailers acquire product for the spring and summer selling seasons. None of our other reportable segments experience any significant seasonal fluctuations in their respective businesses. During the second half of the year, the investment

40

in working capital is reduced and amounts outstanding under our revolving credit and receivable facilities are paid down. During the first nine months of 2013 , we funded approximately $56.0 million of acquisitions. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2012 , we refinanced our credit facilities, which enabled a shift in our debt structure to all bank debt and retiring the higher-interest cost senior secured notes. As a result of the refinance we have less amounts allocated to our term loan borrowings and more outstanding amounts on our revolving facility, as evidenced in our daily amounts outstanding under our revolving credit and accounts receivable facility. As compared to the first nine months of 2012, with cash proceeds from the sale of our precision tool cutting and specialty fittings lines of business at the end of 2011 and our May 2012 equity offering, overall borrowings were lower despite the completion of significant acquisitions and additional capital expenditures in support of our growth initiatives. Due to the change in our debt structure and the timing of acquisitions in the first nine months of the year, as well as cash on hand at the end of the year, our weighted average daily borrowings were higher in the first nine months of 2013 as compared to the first nine months of 2012 .
Cash management related to our revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities is centralized. We monitor our cash position and available liquidity on a daily basis and forecast our cash needs on a weekly basis within the current quarter and on a monthly basis outside the current quarter over the remainder of the year. Our business and related cash forecasts are updated monthly. Given aggregate available funding under our revolving credit and accounts receivable facilities of $206.6 million at September 30, 2013 , after consideration of the aforementioned leverage restrictions, and based on forecasted cash sources and requirements inherent in our business plans, we believe that our liquidity and capital resources, including anticipated cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to meet our debt service, capital expenditure and other short-term and long-term obligation needs for the foreseeable future.
Our exposure to interest rate risk results from the variable rates under our Credit Agreement. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest, at various rates, as more fully described in Note 11 , " Long-term Debt ," to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. In December 2012, we entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rates on our term loan facilities. The term loan A swap agreement fixes the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate, beginning February 2013, on a total of $175.0 million notional amount at 0.74% and expires on October 11, 2017. The term loan B swap agreement fixes the LIBOR-based variable portion of the interest rate, beginning February 2015, on a total of $150.0 million notional amount at 2.05% and expires on October 11, 2019.
We are subject to variable interest rates on our term loans and revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2013 , 1-Month LIBOR and 3-Month LIBOR approximated 0.18% and 0.25%, respectively. Based on our variable rate-based borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2013 , and after consideration of the 1.00% LIBOR-floor our term loan B facility and the interest rate swap agreement associated with our $175 million term loan A, a 1% increase in the per annum interest rate would increase our interest expense by approximately $0.6 million annually.
Principal payments required under the Credit Agreement for the term loan A facility are $2.5 million due each calendar quarter beginning June 2013 through March 2015 and approximately $3.8 million from June 2015 through September 2017, with final payment of $142.5 million due on October 11, 2017. Principal payments required under the Credit Agreement for the term loan B facility are equal to $0.5 million due each calendar quarter through September 30, 2019 and $186.0 million due on October 11, 2019.
In addition to our long-term debt, we have other cash commitments related to leases. We account for these lease transactions as operating leases and annual rent expense for continuing operations related thereto approximated $22.8 million. We expect to continue to utilize leasing as a financing strategy in the future to meet capital expenditure needs and to reduce debt levels.
In October 2013, we entered into new senior secured credit facilities, pursuant to which we were able to reduce interest rates, extend maturities and increase our available liquidity. Below is a summary of the key terms of the new facilities:
Instrument
Amount
($ in millions)
Maturity Date
Initial Interest Rate
Senior Secured Revolving Credit facility
$
575.0

10/16/2018
LIBOR plus 1.625%
Senior Secured Term Loan A facility
$
175.0

10/16/2018
LIBOR plus 1.625%
We used the proceeds from borrowings under the new facilities to repay all outstanding amounts under the Credit Agreement.


41

Market Risk
We conduct business in various locations throughout the world and are subject to market risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies. We use derivative financial instruments to manage these risks, albeit in immaterial notional contracts, and we continue to explore such contracts as a risk mitigation strategy. The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the local currency in the country of domicile. We manage these operating activities at the local level and revenues and costs are generally denominated in local currencies; however, results of operations and assets and liabilities reported in U.S. dollars will fluctuate with changes in exchange rates between such local currencies and the U.S. dollar. We are also subject to interest risk as it relates to long-term debt. We use interest rate swap agreements to fix the variable portion of our debt to manage this risk.
Common Stock
TriMas is listed in the NASDAQ Global Select Market SM . Our stock trades under the symbol "TRS."
Credit Rating
We and certain of our outstanding debt obligations are rated by Standard & Poor's and Moody's. On September 30, 2013, Moody's assigned a rating of Ba2 to our proposed senior secured credit facilities that we entered into in October 2013, as described above. Previously, on September 19, 2012, Moody's upgraded our outlook to positive and assigned a rating of Ba3 to our Credit Agreement. On September 27, 2013, Standard & Poor's assigned a BB rating to our proposed senior secured credit facilities and maintained our outlook as stable. Subsequently, on October 18, 2013, Standard & Poor's downgraded the rating on the issued senior secured credit facilities to BB-. On May 4, 2012, Standard & Poor's assigned our previous corporate credit and credit facilities ratings as BB- and BB+, respectively, and assigned our outlook as stable. If our credit ratings were to decline, our ability to access certain financial markets may become limited, our cost of borrowings may increase, the perception of us in the view of our customers, suppliers and security holders may worsen and as a result, we may be adversely affected.
Outlook
Over the past few years, we have successfully executed our growth strategies via bolt-on acquisitions and geographic expansion in several of our reportable segments. We also have experienced significant market share gains within our businesses and continued to develop and introduce new products, both of which are aiding in our year-to-date double-digit top-line growth rate despite low levels of economic growth. These accomplishments have enabled us to broaden our product portfolio and cross-sell our existing products to new markets while introducing our newly-acquired products into our existing markets. In order to capture these opportunities, we strategically increased our investments in inventory levels, acquisition capital and capital projects in certain of our businesses compared to historical levels to ensure we had the products available and capacity ready, particularly in our higher-margin platforms, to support the significant sales growth. While this has helped to increase our net sales levels and set the foundation for continued growth, profit margins in certain of our segments and for the overall Company have declined, primarily as a result of significant diligence and purchase accounting costs combined with acquisitions of businesses that, upon acquisition date, have lower margins than our legacy businesses. In addition, we are working through footprint consolidation projects in our Cequent businesses, incurring costs to complete the moves to more efficient and cost-effective facilities by the end of 2013.
While additional acquisitions, branch expansions and spending on growth initiatives may put further short-term pressure on profit margins based on the aforementioned factors, we believe that the margins in these businesses will moderate to historical TriMas levels over time as we integrate them into our businesses and capitalize on productivity initiatives and volume efficiencies. For example, we are now seeing this margin moderation to historical levels during the past couple of quarters within our Packaging reportable segment. We believe we remain well-positioned to achieve further market share gains and generate additional operating leverage as a result of our low fixed cost structure in certain businesses and with the footprint consolidation projects within the Cequent businesses.
Our priorities remain consistent with our strategic aspirations: continuing to identify and execute on cost savings and productivity initiatives that fund core growth, reduce cycle times and secure our position as best cost producer, growing revenue via new products and expanding our core products in non-U.S. markets, and continuing to reduce our debt leverage while increasing our available liquidity.
Impact of New Accounting Standards
See Note 2 , " New Accounting Pronouncements ," included in Part 1, Item 1, " Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements ," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.


42

Critical Accounting Policies
Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. By their nature, these judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These judgments are based on our historical experience, our evaluation of business and macroeconomic trends, and information from other outside sources, as appropriate.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2013 , there were no material changes to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies in Part II, Item 7, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ," in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 .

43

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We are also subject to interest risk as it relates to long-term debt. See Part I, Item 2, " Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, " for details about our primary market risks, and the objectives and strategies used to manage these risks. Also see Note 11 , " Long-term Debt ," in Part I, Item 1, " Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements ," included within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
As of September 30, 2013 , an evaluation was carried out by management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. The Company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed only to provide reasonable assurance that they will meet their objectives. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2013 , the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that they would meet their objectives.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

44

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
TRIMAS CORPORATION
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
See Note 13 , " Commitments and Contingencies, " included in Part I, Item 1, " Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements ," within this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A., " Risk Factors ," in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 , which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no significant changes in our risk factors as disclosed in our 2012 Form 10-K.
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information
Not applicable.

45

Item 6.    Exhibits.
Exhibits Index:

3.1(a)
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of TriMas Corporation.
3.2(b)
Second Amended and Restated By-laws of TriMas Corporation.
10.1(c)
Executive Severance / Change of Control Policy.
10.2(d)
Credit Agreement, dated October 16, 2013, by and among TriMas Corporation, TriMas Company LLC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and the various lenders from time to time party thereto.
31.1
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes‑Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

(a)
Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 3, 2007 (File No. 001-10716).
(b)
Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2011 (File No. 001-10716).
(c)
Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2013 (File No. 001-10716).
(d)
Incorporated by reference to the Exhibits filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2013 (File No. 001-10716).



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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
TRIMAS CORPORATION (Registrant)
/s/ A. MARK ZEFFIRO
Date:
October 28, 2013

By:
A. Mark Zeffiro
Executive Vice President &
Chief Financial Officer


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TABLE OF CONTENTS