UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
Or | ||
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the fiscal year ended | ||
Or | ||
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
Or | ||
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
Commission File Number:
Australian Business Number 33 007 457 141
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
New South Wales,
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(Address of principal executive offices)
Westpac Banking Corporation, New York branch,
Attention:
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: 3.300% Notes due February 26, 2024, Floating Rate Notes due February 26, 2024, 5.350% Notes due October 18, 2024 1.019% Notes due November 18, 2024, Floating Rate Notes due November 18, 2024, 2.350% Notes due February 19, 2025, Floating Rate Note due August 26, 2025, 3.735% Notes due August 26, 2025, 2.850% Notes due May 13, 2026, 1.150% Notes due June 3, 2026, Floating Rate Notes due June 3, 2026, 2.700% Notes due August 19, 2026, 3.350% Notes due March 8, 2027, 4.043% Notes due August 26, 2027, 5.457% Notes due November 18, 2027 3.400% Notes due January 25, 2028, 1.953% Notes due November 20, 2028, 2.650% Notes due January 16, 2030, 2.894% Subordinated Notes due February 4, 2030, 2.150% Notes due June 3, 2031, 4.322% Subordinated Notes due November 23, 2031, 5.405% Subordinated Notes due August 10, 2033, 4.110% Subordinated Notes due July 24, 2034, 2.668% Subordinated Notes due November 15, 2035, 3.020% Subordinated Notes due November 18, 2036, 4.421% Subordinated Notes due July 24, 2039, 2.963% Subordinated Notes due November 16, 2040, 3.133% Subordinated Notes due November 18, 2041 and 5.000% Fixed Rate Resetting Perpetual Subordinated Contingent Convertible Securities
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Ordinary shares |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Accelerated filer ☐ | Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbannes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public account firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ☐
Other ☐
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
“Item 17” ☐“Item 18” ☐
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company.
Yes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Form 20-F cross-reference index | ii |
| Risk factors | 304 |
Financial statements | 1 | Sustainability governance | 317 | |
Income statements | 2 | Other Westpac business information | 325 | |
Statements of comprehensive income | 3 | Financial statements | 328 | |
Balance sheets | 4 | Shareholder information | 329 | |
Statements in changes in equity | 5 | Shareholding information | 330 | |
Cash flow statements | 7 | Additional information | 346 | |
Notes to the financial statements | 8 | Glossary of abbreviations and defined terms | 356 | |
Statutory statements | 128 | |||
Exhibits index | 134 | |||
Strategic review | 142 | |||
Strategic review | 142 | |||
Corporate governance | 184 | |||
Directors’ report | 208 | |||
Remuneration report | 222 | |||
Information on Westpac | 249 | |||
Performance Review | 254 | |||
Reading this report | 255 | |||
Group performance | 259 | |||
Performance summary | 259 | |||
Key financial information | 259 | |||
Impact of Notable Items | 260 | |||
Review of earnings | 263 | |||
Credit quality | 275 | |||
Balance sheet and funding | 278 | |||
Capital and dividends | 281 | |||
Segment reporting | 287 | |||
Consumer | 290 | |||
Business | 292 | |||
Westpac Institutional Bank (WIB) | 294 | |||
Westpac New Zealand | 296 | |||
Specialist Businesses | 299 | |||
Group Businesses | 301 |
In this Annual Report a reference to ‘Westpac’, ‘Group’, ‘Westpac Group’, ‘we’, ‘us’ and ‘our’ is to Westpac Banking Corporation ABN 33 007 457 141 and its subsidiaries unless it clearly means just Westpac Banking Corporation.
For certain information about the basis of preparing the financial information in this Annual Report see ‘Reading this report’ in Section 2. In addition, this Annual Report contains statements that constitute ‘forward-looking statements’ within the meaning of Section 21E of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For an explanation of forward-looking statements and the risks, uncertainties and assumptions to which they are subject, see ‘Reading this report’ in Section 2. Please consider those important disclaimers when reading the forward-looking statements in this Annual Report.
Information contained in or accessible through the websites mentioned in this Annual Report does not form part of this report unless we specifically state that it is incorporated by reference and forms part of this report. All references in this report to websites are inactive textual references and are for information only.
FORM 20-F CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
20-F item number and description | Page | |
Part I | ||
Item 1. | Identity of directors, senior management and advisers | Not applicable |
Item 2. | Offer statistics and expected timetable | Not applicable |
Item 3. | Key information | |
Capitalisation and indebtedness | Not applicable | |
Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds | Not applicable | |
Risk factors | 304-320 | |
Item 4. | Information on Westpac | |
History and development of Westpac | 150, 253-257 | |
Business overview | 150, 253-257 | |
Organisational structure | 114, 151 | |
Property, plants and equipment | 325 | |
Item 4A. | Unresolved staff comments | Not applicable |
Item 5. | Operating and financial review and prospects | |
Operating results | 261-262 | |
Liquidity and capital resources | 281-285 | |
Research and development, patents and licences, etc. | Not applicable | |
Trend information | 256-280, 287-303 | |
Critical accounting estimates | 26, 38-39, 85, 95, 98, 118 | |
Item 6. | Directors, senior management and employees | |
Directors and senior management | 208-215, 218 | |
Compensation | 121-123, 222-247 | |
Board practices | 184-206 | |
Employees | 275-276 | |
Share ownership | 123, 218-219, 330 | |
Item 7. | Major shareholders and related party transactions | |
Major shareholders | 330-337 | |
Related party transactions | 122-123 | |
Interests of experts and counsel | Not applicable | |
Item 8. | Financial information | |
Consolidated statements and other financial information | 1-133 | |
Significant changes | 249-253 | |
Item 9. | The offer and listing | |
Offer and listing details | Not applicable | |
Plan of distribution | Not applicable | |
Markets | Not applicable | |
Selling shareholders | Not applicable | |
Dilution | Not applicable | |
Expenses of the issue | Not applicable | |
III |
20-F item number and description | Page | |
Part I (continued) | ||
Item 10. | Additional information | |
Share capital | Not applicable | |
Memorandum and articles of association | 346-348 | |
Material contracts | 325 | |
Exchange controls | 341-342 | |
Taxation | 342-343 | |
Dividends and paying agents | Not applicable | |
Statements by experts | Not applicable | |
Documents on display | 349 | |
Subsidiary information | Not applicable | |
Item 11. | Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk | 82-83 |
Item 12. | Description of securities other than equity securities | |
Debt securities | Not applicable | |
Warrants and rights | Not applicable | |
Other securities | Not applicable | |
American depositary shares | Not applicable | |
Part II | ||
Item 13. | Defaults, dividend arrearages and delinquencies | Not applicable |
Item 14. | Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds | Not applicable |
Item 15. | Controls and procedures | 129, 327 |
Item 16A. | Audit committee financial expert | 194 |
Item 16B. | Code of ethics | 198-199 |
Item 16C. | Principal accountant fees and services, PCAOB ID: | 121, 204-205 |
Item 16D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for audit committees | Not applicable |
Item 16E. | Purchases of equity securities by Westpac and affiliated purchasers | Not applicable |
Item 16F. | Changes in Westpac’s certifying accountant | Not applicable |
Item 16G. | Corporate governance | 184 |
Item 16H. | Mine safety disclosure | Not applicable |
Item 16I | Disclosure regarding foreign jurisdictions that prevent inspections | Not applicable |
Part III | ||
Items 17. 18. | Financial statements | 1-133 |
Item 19. | Exhibits | 134 |
Consolidated income statements for the years ended 30 September 2023, 2022 and 2021 | 2 | |
Consolidated balance sheets as at 30 September 2023 and 2022 | 4 | |
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended 30 September 2023, 2022 and 2021 | 3 | |
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended 30 September 2023, 2022 and 2021 | 7 | |
Notes to the financial statements | 8-127 | |
Management’s report on the internal control over financial reporting | 129 | |
Report of independent registered public accounting firm | 130-133 | |
IV WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
FORM 20-F CROSS-REFERENCE INDEX
20-F item number and description | Page | |
Item 1402: Distribution of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity; interest rates and interest differential | ||
Average balance sheets | 16-18, 265 | |
Analysis of net interest earnings | 15, 263-264 | |
Interest rate and interest differential analysis | 16-20, 263-264 | |
Item 1403: Investments in debt securities t II Investment portfolio | ||
Weighted average yield of debt securities | 64 | |
Calculation of weighted average yield; tax-exempt obligations | 64 | |
Item 1404: Loan Portfolio | ||
Maturity and interest rate profile of loan portfolio | 33 | |
Item 1405: Allowances for Credit Losses | ||
Credit ratios and material changes | 34-42 | |
Allocation of the allowance for credit losses | 34-42 | |
Item 1406: Deposits | ||
. | ||
Deposits by category | 53-54 | |
Uninsured deposits | 53-54 | |
Time deposits | 53-54 | |
1 |
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
Income statements | INTANGIBLE ASSETS, PROVISIONS, COMMITMENTS AND | ||||
Balance sheets | Note 24 | Intangible assets | |||
Statements of changes in equity Cash flow statements | Note 25 | Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments | |||
Note 1 | Financial statements preparation | CAPITAL AND DIVIDENDS | |||
Note 26 | Shareholders’ equity | ||||
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE | Note 27 | Capital adequacy | |||
Note 2 | Segment reporting | Note 28 | Dividends | ||
Note 3 | Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates | GROUP STRUCTURE | |||
Note 4 | Non-interest income | Note 29 | Investments in subsidiaries and associates | ||
Note 5 | Operating expenses | Note 30 | Structured entities | ||
Note 6 | Impairment charges | ||||
Note 7 | Income tax | OTHER | |||
Note 8 | Earnings per share | Note 31 | Share-based payments | ||
Note 32 | Superannuation commitments | ||||
FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES | Note 33 | Auditor’s remuneration | |||
Note 34 | Related party disclosures | ||||
Lending and credit risk | Note 35 | Notes to the cash flow statements | |||
Note 9 | Loans | Note 36 | Subsequent events | ||
Note 10 | Provision for expected credit losses | Note 37 | Assets and liabilities held for sale | ||
Note 11 | Credit risk management | ||||
STATUTORY STATEMENTS | |||||
Deposits and other funding arrangements | Directors’ declaration | ||||
Note 12 | Deposits and other borrowings | Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting | |||
Note 13 | Debt issues | ||||
Note 14 | Loan capital | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |||
Note 15 | Securitisation, covered bonds and other transferred assets | ||||
Other financial instrument disclosures | |||||
Note 16 | Trading securities and financial assets measured at fair value through income statement (FVIS) | ||||
Note 17 | Investment securities | ||||
Note 18 | Other financial assets | ||||
Note 19 | Other financial liabilities | ||||
Note 20 | Derivative financial instruments | ||||
Note 21 | Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk | ||||
Note 22 | Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities | ||||
Note 23 | Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities | ||||
INCOME STATEMENTS
for the years ended 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||
$m | Note | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
Interest income: | ||||||||||||
Calculated using the effective interest method |
| 3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| 3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total interest income | | | | | | |||||||
Interest expense | 3 | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Net interest income |
|
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Non-interest income | ||||||||||||
Net fees |
| 4 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net wealth management and insurance | 4 | | | | - | - | ||||||
Trading | 4 | | | | | | ||||||
Other | 4 | | ( | | | | ||||||
Total non-interest income | | | | | | |||||||
Net operating income |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Operating expenses |
| 5 |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Impairment (charges)/benefits |
| 6 |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Profit before income tax expense |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Income tax expense |
| 7 |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Profit after income tax expense |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net profit attributable to non-controlling interests |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Net profit attributable to owners of Westpac Banking Corporation (WBC) |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Earnings per share (cents) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Basic |
| 8 |
| |
|
|
| |||||
Diluted |
| 8 |
| |
|
|
| |||||
The above income statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
for the years ended 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Profit after income tax expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other comprehensive income/(expense) |
|
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| ||
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss |
|
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Gains/(losses) recognised in equity on |
|
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Debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Cash flow hedging instruments1 |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Transferred to income statement |
|
| ||||||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Cash flow hedging instruments1 |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Loss allowance on debt securities measured at FVOCI |
| |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations (net of associated hedges) | | ( | | | | |||||
Income tax on items taken to or transferred from equity | ||||||||||
Debt securities measured at FVOCI |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
| |
Cash flow hedging instruments |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss |
|
| ||||||||
Gains/(losses) on equity securities measured at FVOCI (net of tax) |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Own credit adjustment on financial liabilities designated at fair value (net of tax) |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
Remeasurement of defined benefit obligation recognised in equity (net of tax) | ( | | | ( | | |||||
Net other comprehensive income/(expense) (net of tax) |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
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Total comprehensive income |
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Attributable to |
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| |||||
Owners of WBC |
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Non-controlling interests |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Total comprehensive income |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.
The above statements of comprehensive income should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
4 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
BALANCE SHEETS
as at 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m | Note | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and balances with central banks |
| 35 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Collateral paid |
|
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Trading securities and financial assets measured at fair value through income statement (FVIS) |
| 16 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Derivative financial instruments |
| 20 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities | 17 | | | | | |||||
Loans |
| 9 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| 18 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Current tax assets | | | | | ||||||
Due from subsidiaries |
|
|
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Investment in subsidiaries |
|
|
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Investment in associates |
|
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Property and equipment |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
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Deferred tax assets |
| 7 |
| |
| |
| |
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Intangible assets |
| 24 |
| |
| |
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Other assets |
|
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Assets held for sale | 37 | - | | - | - | |||||
Total assets |
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Liabilities |
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Collateral received |
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Deposits and other borrowings |
| 12 |
| |
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Other financial liabilities |
| 19 |
| |
| |
| |
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Derivative financial instruments |
| 20 |
| |
| |
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Debt issues |
| 13 |
| |
| |
| |
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Current tax liabilities |
|
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| |
| | |
Due to subsidiaries |
|
|
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Provisions |
| 25 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other liabilities |
|
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Liabilities held for sale | 37 | - | | - | - | |||||
Total liabilities excluding loan capital |
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Loan capital |
| 14 |
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Total liabilities |
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Net assets |
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Shareholders’ equity |
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Share capital: |
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Ordinary share capital |
| 26 |
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Treasury shares |
| 26 |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Reserves |
| 26 |
| |
| |
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Retained profits |
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Total equity attributable to owners of WBC |
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Non-controlling interests |
| 26 |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Total shareholders’ equity and non-controlling interests |
|
|
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| |
| |
| |
The above balance sheets should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the years ended 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Total equity | Total | |||||||||||
attributable | shareholders’ | |||||||||||
Consolidated | Share capital | Reserves | Retained | to owners | NCI | equity | ||||||
$m |
| (Note 26) |
| (Note 26) |
| profits |
| of WBC |
| (Note 26) |
| and NCI |
Balance as at 30 September 2020 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Impact from a change in accounting policy1 | - | - | ( | ( | - | ( | ||||||
Restated opening balance | | | | | | | ||||||
Profit after income tax expense |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
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Net other comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Total comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
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| |
| |
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Transactions in capacity as equity holders |
| |||||||||||
Dividends on ordinary shares2 |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Dividend reinvestment plan |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Dividend reinvestment plan underwrite | | - | - | | - | | ||||||
Other equity movements |
| |||||||||||
Share-based payment arrangements |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Net acquisition of treasury shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Other |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Total contributions and distributions |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
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Profit after income tax expense |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net other comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transactions in capacity as equity holders |
| |||||||||||
Dividends on ordinary shares2 |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Other equity movements |
| |||||||||||
Off-market share buy-back (net of transaction costs)3 | ( | - | ( | ( | - | ( | ||||||
Share-based payment arrangements |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Net acquisition of treasury shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Other |
| - |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Total contributions and distributions |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Profit after income tax expense |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
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Net other comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Total comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - |
| ( |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transactions in capacity as equity holders |
| |||||||||||
Dividends on ordinary shares2 |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Dividend reinvestment plan |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Other equity movements |
| |||||||||||
Share-based payment arrangements |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Net acquisition of treasury shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
Other |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
Total contributions and distributions |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.
2.
- 2023: 2023 interim dividend of
- 2022: 2022 interim dividend of
- 2021: 2021 interim dividend of
3.
The above statements of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
for the years ended 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Total equity | ||||||||
attributable | ||||||||
Parent Entity | Share capital | Reserves | Retained | to owners | ||||
$m |
| (Note 26) |
| (Note 26) |
| profits |
| of WBC |
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Profit after income tax expense |
| - | - | | | |||
Net other comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - | | | | |||
Total comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - | | | | |||
Transactions in capacity as equity holders |
| |||||||
Dividends on ordinary shares1 |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
Other equity movements |
| |||||||
Off-market share buy-back (net of transaction costs)2 | ( |
| - |
| ( |
| ( | |
Share-based payment arrangements |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
Net acquisition of treasury shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
Other | - | | ( | ( | ||||
Total contributions and distributions |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Profit after income tax expense |
| - | - | | | |||
Net other comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - | ( | ( | ( | |||
Total comprehensive income/(expense) |
| - | ( | | | |||
Transactions in capacity as equity holders |
| |||||||
Dividends on ordinary shares1 |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
Dividend reinvestment plan | |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Other equity movements |
| |||||||
Share-based payment arrangements |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
Net acquisition of treasury shares |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
Other | - | - | - | - | ||||
Total contributions and distributions |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. Relates to fully franked dividends at
- 2023: 2023 interim dividend of
- 2022: 2022 interim dividend of
2. In 2022, the Group completed its $
The above statements of changes in equity should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS
for the years ended 30 September
Westpac Banking Corporation
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||
$m |
| Note |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest received |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Interest paid |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Dividends received excluding life business |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other non-interest income received |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Operating expenses paid |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Income tax paid excluding life business |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Life business: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Receipts from policyholders and customers |
|
|
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Interest and other items of similar nature |
|
|
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Dividends received |
|
|
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Payments to policyholders and suppliers |
|
|
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Income tax paid |
|
|
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Net (increase)/decrease in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral paid | | ( | | | ( | |||||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
| |
Loans |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Other financial assets |
|
|
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Life insurance assets and liabilities |
|
|
| - |
| |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Other assets |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net increase/(decrease) in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Collateral received |
|
|
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
|
|
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Other liabilities |
|
|
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities |
| 35 |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Cash flows from investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Proceeds from investment securities |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Purchase of investment securities | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Net movement in amounts due to/from controlled entities |
|
| - |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| | |
Proceeds from disposal of controlled entities and other businesses, net of cash disposed |
| 35 |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Purchase of controlled entities | - | ( | - | - | ( | |||||||
Net (increase)/decrease in investments in controlled entities |
|
|
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Proceeds from disposal of associates |
|
|
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Purchase of associates |
|
|
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment | | | | | | |||||||
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | |
Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cash flows from financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from debt issues (net of issue costs) |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Redemption of debt issues |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Payments for the principal portion of lease liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Issue of loan capital (net of issue costs) |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Redemption of loan capital |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Payment for off-market share buy-back | - | ( | - | - | ( | |||||||
Proceeds from dividend reinvestment plan underwrite | - | - | | - | - | |||||||
Purchase of shares relating to share-based payment arrangements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Purchase of treasury shares (including RSP and EIP restricted shares) |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Payment of dividends |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Dividends paid to NCI |
|
|
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities |
|
|
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
| |
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and balances with central banks |
|
|
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and balances with central banks |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net (increase)/decrease in cash and balances with central banks included in assets held for sale | - | | ( | - | - | |||||||
Cash and balances with central banks as at beginning of year |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Cash and balances with central banks as at end of year |
| 35 |
| |
| |
| |
| | | |
The above cash flow statements should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes.
Note 1. Financial statements preparation
This financial report of Westpac Banking Corporation (the Parent Entity), together with its controlled entities (the Group or Westpac), for the year ended 30 September 2023, was authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 5 November 2023. The Directors have the power to amend and reissue the financial report.
The principal accounting policies are set out below and in the relevant notes to the financial statements. The accounting policy for the recognition and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities precedes Note 9. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
a. | Basis of preparation |
(i) | Basis of accounting |
This financial report is a general purpose financial report prepared in accordance with:
| ● | The requirements for an Authorised Deposit-taking Institution (ADI) under the Banking Act 1959 (as amended); |
| ● | Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) and Interpretations as issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB); and |
| ● | The Corporations Act 2001. |
Westpac Banking Corporation is domiciled and incorporated in Australia and is a for-profit entity for the purposes of preparing these financial statements.
The financial report also complies with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Interpretations as issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC). It also includes additional disclosures required for foreign registrants by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (US SEC).
All amounts have been rounded in accordance with ASIC Corporations (Rounding in Financial/Directors’ Reports) Instrument 2016/191, to the nearest million dollars, unless otherwise stated.
(ii) | Historical cost convention |
The financial report has been prepared under the historical cost convention, as modified by applying fair value accounting to financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) measured at fair value through income statement (FVIS) or in other comprehensive income (OCI).
(iii) | Changes in accounting policy |
During the current financial year, the Group revised its treatment of ongoing trail commissions payable to mortgage brokers. The Group recognised a liability within other financial liabilities equal to the present value of expected future trail commission payable and a corresponding increase in capitalised brokerage costs in loans. Comparatives have not been revised for this change in accounting policy as the impact of the change is not material to the financial statements.
(iv) | Standards adopted during the year ended 30 September 2023 |
No new accounting standards have been adopted by the Group for the year ended 30 September 2023. There have been no amendments to existing accounting standards that have had a material impact to the Group or the Parent Entity.
(v) | Business combinations |
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Acquisition cost is measured as the aggregate of the fair value at the date of acquisition of the assets given, equity instruments issued or liabilities incurred or assumed. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred (except for those costs arising on the issue of equity instruments which are recognised directly in equity).
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured at fair value on the acquisition date. Goodwill is measured as the excess of the acquisition cost, the amount of any non-controlling interest and the fair value of any previous Westpac equity interest in the acquiree, over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired.
(vi) | Foreign currency translation |
Functional and presentational currency
The consolidated financial statements are presented in Australian dollars which is the Parent Entity’s functional and presentation currency. The functional currency of offshore entities is usually the main currency of the economy they operate in.
Note 1. Financial statements preparation (continued)
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the relevant branch or subsidiary using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange (FX) gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the income statement, except when deferred in OCI for qualifying cash flow hedges and qualifying net investment hedges.
Foreign operations
Assets and liabilities of foreign branches and subsidiaries that have a functional currency other than the Australian dollar are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the balance date. Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Equity balances are translated at historical exchange rates.
The resulting exchange differences are recognised in the foreign currency translation reserve and in OCI.
Where the Group hedges the currency translation risk arising from net investments in foreign operations, the gains or losses on the hedging instruments are also reflected in OCI to the extent the hedge is effective. When all or part of a foreign operation is disposed or borrowings that are part of the net investments are repaid, a proportionate share of such exchange differences is recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on disposal or repayment of borrowing.
(vii)Comparative revisions
Comparative information has been revised where appropriate to conform to changes in presentation in the current year and to enhance comparability.
b.Critical accounting assumptions and estimates
Applying the Group’s accounting policies requires the use of judgement, assumptions and estimates which impact the financial information. The significant assumptions and estimates used are discussed in the relevant notes below:
| ● | Note 7 Income tax |
| ● | Note 10 Provision for expected credit losses (ECL) |
| ● | Note 22 Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities |
| ● | Note 24 Intangible assets |
| ● | Note 25 Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments |
| ● | Note 32 Superannuation commitments |
Impact of climate-related risks
The Group has considered the potential risk of climate change on its financial statements including both physical risks and transition risks. The Group has concluded that based on the information and methodologies currently used, climate-related risks do not have a material impact on the judgements, assumptions and estimates for the year ended 30 September 2023.
Key considerations in reaching this conclusion included assessing the Group’s exposure to:
| ● | high transition risk industries as a proportion of overall credit exposures; and |
| ● | physical risks that may arise from changing weather patterns and extreme weather events, with a particular focus on the Group’s housing loans. |
The effects of climate change represent a source of uncertainty in the medium to long term which may affect our financial statements in the future. Climate-related-risks will continue to be monitored and assessed.
Details of the provision for ECL, including overlays held in relation to physical climate-related risk, are provided in Note 10.
c. | Future developments in accounting standards |
There are no new standards or amendments to existing standards that are not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact to the Group or the Parent Entity.
10 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Note 2. Segment reporting
Accounting policy
Operating segments are presented on a basis consistent with information provided internally to Westpac’s key decision makers and reflect the management of the business, rather than the legal structure of the Group. The Group and segments’ statutory profit after tax is reported internally to Westpac’s key decision makers. The statutory amount of the net operating income and operating expenses segment line items are separated to show balances excluding Notable Items and the total Notable Items for each of the categories. Notable Items are items that management believes are not reflective of the Group’s ongoing business performance and are grouped into the following broad categories: ● Unrealised fair value gains and losses on economic hedges that do not qualify for hedge accounting ● Net ineffectiveness on qualifying hedges ● Large items that are not reflective of the Group’s ordinary operations. In individual reporting periods, large items may include -Provisions for remediation, litigation, fines and penalties -The impact of asset sales and revaluations -The write-down of assets (including goodwill and capitalised software) -Restructuring costs |
Segment restatements
In prior years, the information provided internally to Westpac’s key decision makers presented an adjusted measure of profit that was referred to as “cash earnings” in assessing the financial performance of the Group.
Cash earnings adjustments to statutory profit after tax in prior periods included:
| ● | Fair value (gain)/loss on economic hedges (which do not qualify for hedge accounting under AAS) which may create a material timing difference on reported results but do not affect the Group’s earnings over the life of the hedge. |
| ● | The net ineffectiveness on qualifying hedges arises from the fair value movement in these hedges which reverses over time and therefore does not affect the Group’s profits over time. |
Cash earnings adjustments which reclassified amounts between individual line items but did not impact on net cash earnings have also ceased. In prior years, these included:
| ● | Operating leases: Under AAS rental income on operating leases is presented gross of the depreciation of the assets subject to the lease. In prior periods, these amounts were offset in deriving non-interest income and operating expenses on a cash earnings basis; and |
| ● | Policyholder tax recoveries: Income and tax amounts that are grossed up to comply with the AAS covering Life Insurance Business (policyholder tax recoveries) were reversed in deriving income and taxation expense on a cash earnings basis. As the sale of the Group’s life insurance business was finalised in 2022, this adjustment is no longer relevant to the Group. |
The Group ceased reporting this adjusted measure of profit in the current year and instead reports on the basis described in the accounting policy section above.
The Group has updated our reporting and restated comparatives for this change.
Reportable operating segments
We are one of Australia’s leading providers of banking and selected financial services, operating under multiple brands, and predominantly in Australia and New Zealand, with a small presence in Europe, North America, Asia and the Pacific islands of Fiji and Papua New Guinea. We operate through a significant online capability supported by an extensive branch and ATM network, call centres and specialist relationship and product managers. Our operations comprise the following key segments:
| ● | Consumer provides a full range of banking products and services to customers in Australia through three lines of business consisting of mortgages, consumer finance and deposits. |
| ● | Business serves the banking needs of Australian small to medium businesses including commercial and agribusiness customers, generally up to $ |
| ● | Westpac Institutional Bank (WIB) delivers a broad range of financial products and services to corporate, institutional and government customers. |
11 |
Note 2. Segment reporting (continued)
| ● | Westpac New Zealand provides banking and wealth products and services for consumer, business and institutional customers in New Zealand. |
| ● | Specialist Businesses was established in May 2020 by combining the operations that Westpac identified to be exited as part of its portfolio simplification agenda. Since its formation, |
| ● | Group Businesses includes support functions such as Treasury, Customer Services and Technology, Corporate Services and Enterprise Services. It also includes Group-wide elimination entries arising on consolidation, centrally raised provisions and other unallocated revenue and expenses. |
In August 2023, the Group announced a restructure of its operating segments, to separate our Consumer and Business Banking and transfer Specialist Businesses into the Business segment. This change has not been reflected in this Annual Report as the performance information provided internally to Westpac’s key decision makers in 2023 has not changed. This change in structure will be reported in 2024.
The following tables present the segment results for the Group.
|
| Consumer |
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
and | Westpac | Westpac | Notable | |||||||||||||||||
Business | Institutional | New | Specialist | Group | Items | Income | ||||||||||||||
$m |
| Consumer |
| Business | Banking |
| Bank |
| Zealand (A$) |
| Businesses |
| Businesses |
| Total |
| (pre-tax) |
| statement | |
2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| ( |
| | |||
Net fee income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Net wealth management and insurance income | | - | | - | | | - | | ( | | ||||||||||
Trading income | - | - | - | | | | ( | | ( | | ||||||||||
Other income | | | | | ( | | | | | | ||||||||||
Notable Items | - | ( | ( | - | - | | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||||
Net operating income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Operating expenses1 |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | |||
Notable Items |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| |
| - | |||
Total operating expenses | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | ||||
Pre-provision profit |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Impairment (charges)/benefits |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Profit before income tax (expense)/ benefit |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Income tax (expense)/benefit2 |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Net profit attributable to NCI |
| - |
| - | - |
| - | - |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Net profit attributable to owners of WBC | |
| | |
| | |
| | ( |
| |
| - |
| | ||||
Notable Items (post-tax)2 |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| | ( |
| ( |
|
|
|
| |||
Balance sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
Loans | | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings | | | | | | | | |
1. | Impairment of assets (including goodwill and other intangible assets) was insignificant for all segments except for the following: |
- Specialist Businesses: 2023:
- Group Businesses: 2023: $
- Westpac Institutional Bank: 2023:
2. | The tax impact of Notable Items reduced income tax (expense)/benefit by $ |
12 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Segment reporting (continued)
|
|
| Consumer |
|
|
| ||||||||||||||
and | Westpac | Westpac | Notable | |||||||||||||||||
Business | Institutional | New | Specialist | Group | Items | Income | ||||||||||||||
$m |
| Consumer |
| Business | Banking |
| Bank |
| Zealand (A$) |
| Businesses |
| Businesses |
| Total |
| (pre-tax) |
| statement | |
2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Net fee income | |
| | |
| | |
| | ( |
| |
| ( |
| | ||||
Net wealth management and insurance income | | - | | - | | | - | | ( | | ||||||||||
Trading income | - | - | - | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other income | | | | | ( | | | | ( | ( | ||||||||||
Notable Items | - | - | - | - | | ( | | ( | | - | ||||||||||
Net operating income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| |
| | |
| - |
| | |||
Operating expenses1 | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | ||||
Notable Items | ( |
| - | ( |
| - | - |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| |
| - | ||||
Total operating expenses | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | ||||
Pre-provision profit | |
| | | | | ( | | | - | | |||||||||
Impairment (charges)/benefits | ( | ( | ( |
| ( | |
| | |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||||
Profit before income tax expense | |
| | |
| | |
| ( | |
| |
| - |
| | ||||
Income tax (expense)/benefit2 | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | ||||
Net profit attributable to NCI | - |
| - | - |
| - | - |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | ||||
Net profit attributable to owners of WBC | |
| | |
| | |
| ( | |
| | - | | ||||||
Notable Items (post-tax)2 | ( | - | ( | - | | ( | |
| ( |
|
|
|
| |||||||
Balance sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
Loans | | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings | | | | | | | | |
1. | Impairment of assets (including goodwill and other intangible assets) was insignificant for all segments except for the following: |
- Specialist Businesses: 2023:
- Group Businesses: 2023: $
- Westpac Institutional Bank: 2023:
2. | The tax impact of Notable Items reduced income tax (expense)/benefit of $ |
13 |
Note 2. Segment reporting (continued)
|
| Consumer |
|
|
| |||||||||||||||
and | Westpac | Westpac | Notable | |||||||||||||||||
Business | Institutional | New | Specialist | Group | Items | Income | ||||||||||||||
$m |
| Consumer |
| Business | Banking |
| Bank |
| Zealand (A$) |
| Businesses |
| Businesses |
| Total |
| (pre-tax) |
| statement | |
2021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||
Net interest income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |||
Net fee income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | - |
| |
| ( |
| | |||
Net wealth management and insurance income | | - | | - | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||
Trading income | - | - | - | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other income | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Notable Items | - | | | - | ( | | | | ( | - | ||||||||||
Net operating income |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Operating expenses1 |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | |||
Notable Items |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| |
| - | |||
Total operating expenses |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Pre-provision profit |
| |
| | |
| ( | |
| | |
| |
| - |
| | |||
Impairment (charges)/benefits | | | | ( | | | ( | | - | | ||||||||||
Profit before income tax expense | | | | ( | | | | | - | | ||||||||||
Income tax (expense)/benefit2 |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Net profit attributable to NCI |
| - |
| - | - |
| - | - |
| ( | ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( | |||
Net profit attributable to owners of WBC |
| |
| | |
| ( | |
| | |
| |
| - | | ||||
Notable Items (post-tax)2 |
| ( |
| | ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | |
| ( |
|
|
|
| |||
Balance sheet | ||||||||||||||||||||
Loans3 | | | | | | | ( | | ||||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings | | | | | | | | |
Notable Items after tax
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||||
Economic hedges |
| ( |
| |
| |
Hedge ineffectiveness |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Provisions for remediation, litigation, fines and penalties |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Asset sales and revaluations |
| |
| ( |
| |
The write-down of assets |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Restructuring costs |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Total Notable Items after tax |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
1. | Impairment of assets (including goodwill and other intangible assets) was insignificant for all segments except for the following: |
- Specialist Businesses: 2023:
- Group Businesses: 2023: $
- Westpac Institutional Bank: 2023:
2. | The tax impact of Notable Items reduced income tax (expense)/benefit of $ |
3. | Specialist Businesses excludes balances presented as held for sale. |
14 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 2. Segment reporting (continued)
Revenue from products and services
Details of revenue from external customers by product or service are disclosed in Notes 3 and 4. No single customer amounted to greater than 10% of the Group’s revenue.
Geographic segments
Geographic segments are based on the location of the office where the following items were recognised:
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
$m | % | $m | % | $m | % | |||||||
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other overseas1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Non-current assets2 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other overseas1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 1. | Other overseas included Pacific Islands, Asia, the Americas and Europe. |
| 2. | Non-current assets represents property and equipment, and intangible assets. |
15 |
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates
Net interest income
Accounting policy
Interest income and interest expense for all interest earning financial assets and interest bearing financial liabilities at amortised cost or FVOCI, detailed within the table below, are recognised using the effective interest method. Net income from treasury’s interest rate and liquidity management activities and the cost of the Bank levy are included in net interest income. The effective interest method calculates the amortised cost of a financial instrument by discounting the financial instrument’s estimated future cash receipts or payments to their present value and allocates the interest income or interest expense, including any fees, costs, premiums or discounts integral to the instrument, over its expected life. Interest income is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of financial assets in stages 1 and 2 of the Group’s ECL model and on the carrying amount net of the provision for ECL for financial assets in stage 3. |
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Interest income1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calculated using the effective interest method | ||||||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Collateral paid |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loans |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Due from subsidiaries |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Assets held for sale | - | | | - | | |||||
Total interest income calculated using the effective interest method | | | | | | |||||
Other | ||||||||||
Net ineffectiveness on qualifying hedges | | ( | ( | | ( | |||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS | | | | | | |||||
Due from subsidiaries |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| |
Total other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total interest income |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calculated using the effective interest method | ||||||||||
Collateral received | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Deposits and other borrowings | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Debt Issues | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Due to subsidiaries | - | - | - | ( | ( | |||||
Loan capital | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Other financial liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Liabilities held for sale | - | - | ( | - | - | |||||
Total interest expense calculated using the effective interest method | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Other |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Deposits and other borrowings |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Trading liabilities2 |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
Debt issues |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Bank levy |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Due to subsidiaries |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Other interest expense |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Liabilities held for sale | - | - | ( | - | - | |||||
Total other |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
Total interest expense |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Net interest income |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Included items relating to compliance, regulation and remediation costs recognised as a reduction in net interest income of $ |
2. | Includes net impact of Treasury balance sheet management activities. |
16 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates (continued)
Average balance sheet and interest rates
The daily average balances of the Group’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities are shown below along with their interest income or expense.
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||
Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average | ||||||||||
balance | income | rate | balance | income | rate | balance | income | rate | ||||||||||
Consolidated | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % | |||||||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest earning assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans1: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Australia |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Other overseas |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Housing | ||||||||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other overseas | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Personal | ||||||||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other overseas | | | | | | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Business | ||||||||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other overseas | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS: | ||||||||||||||||||
Australia |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Other overseas |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Investment securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other overseas |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Other interest earning assets1: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( | |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Other overseas |
| | |
|
| | |
| |
| | |
| | ||||
Assets held for sale: | ||||||||||||||||||
Australia | - | - | - | | | | | | | |||||||||
Other overseas |
| - | - |
| - |
| - | - |
| - |
| | |
| | |||
Total interest earning assets and interest income |
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Non-interest earning assets |
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |||||||||
Life insurance assets |
| - |
|
| - |
|
| |
| |||||||||
Assets held for sale | - | | | |||||||||||||||
All other assets2 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |||||||||
Total non-interest earning assets |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| |||||||||
Total assets |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
1. Comparatives has been revised to align to current year presentation.
2. Includes property and equipment, intangible assets, deferred tax assets, non-interest earning loans relating to mortgage offset accounts and all other non-interest earning assets.
17 |
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates (continued)
2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| ||||||||||||||||
Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average |
| ||||||||||
balance | expense | rate | balance | expense | rate | balance | expense | rate |
| ||||||||||
Consolidated | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % |
| |||||||||
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest bearing liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits and other borrowings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
Australia1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| | ||
Other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Certificates of deposit | |||||||||||||||||||
Australia | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
New Zealand | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
Other overseas | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
Transactions | |||||||||||||||||||
Australia1 | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
New Zealand | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
Other overseas | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
Savings | |||||||||||||||||||
Australia | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
New Zealand | |
| |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||
Other overseas | |
| |
| | | | | | - | - | ||||||||
Term | |||||||||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Other overseas | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Repurchase agreements: |
| ||||||||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | | | |
| |||||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | | | |
| |||||||||
Other overseas | | | | | | | - | - | - |
| |||||||||
Loan capital: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
Other overseas |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
|
Other interest bearing liabilities2: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
Other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| |
| | |
Liabilities held for sale: | |||||||||||||||||||
Other overseas |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
|
Total interest bearing liabilities and interest expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
1. Comparatives has been revised to align to current year presentation.
2. Includes net impact of Treasury balance sheet management activities and the Bank levy.
18 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates (continued)
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average | Average | Interest | Average | |||||||||||
balance | expense | rate | balance | expense | rate | balance | expense | rate | |||||||||||
Consolidated | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % | $m | $m | % | ||||||||||
Non-interest bearing liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Deposits and other borrowings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Australia1 |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
New Zealand |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Other overseas |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Life insurance liabilities |
| - |
|
|
|
|
| - |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Liabilities held for sale | - | | | ||||||||||||||||
All other liabilities2 |
| ( |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Total non-interest bearing liabilities |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Total liabilities |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Shareholders’ equity |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Non-controlling interests |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Total equity |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Total liabilities and equity |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
| 1. | Comparatives has been revised to align to current year presentation. |
| 2. | Includes other financial liabilities, provisions, current and deferred tax liabilities and all other non-interest bearing liabilities. |
19 |
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates (continued)
Calculation of variances
Net interest income may vary from year to year due to changes in the volume of, and interest rates associated with, interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. The following table allocates the change in net interest income between changes in volume and interest rate for those assets and liabilities:
| ● | Volume changes are determined based on the movements in average asset and liability balances; and |
| ● | Interest rate changes are determined based on the change in interest rate associated with those assets and liabilities. Variances that arise due to a combination of volume and interest rate changes are allocated to interest rate changes. |
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||
Consolidated | Change due to | Change due to | ||||||||||
$m |
| Volume |
| Rate |
| Total |
| Volume |
| Rate | Total | |
Interest earning assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
| | | |
| | ( | ( | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| | | |
| ( | | | ||||
Housing | ||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | ( | ( | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ||||||
Personal | ||||||||||||
Australia | | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ||||||
New Zealand | | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ||||||
Business | ||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas | | | | ( | | | ||||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS: |
|
| ||||||||||
Australia |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| ( | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| | | |
| ( | | ( | ||||
Investment securities: |
|
| ||||||||||
Australia | ( | | | ( | | ( | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas |
| | | |
| ( | | | ||||
Other interest earning assets: |
|
| ||||||||||
Australia |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Assets held for sale: | ||||||||||||
Australia | ( | - | ( | ( | - | ( | ||||||
Total change in interest income |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
20 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 3. Net interest income and average balance sheet and interest rates (continued)
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||
Consolidated | Change due to | Change due to | ||||||||||
$m |
| Volume |
| Rate |
| Total |
| Volume |
| Rate | Total | |
Interest bearing liabilities |
|
| ||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Australia1 |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| ( | | |
| | | | ||||
Certificates of deposits | ||||||||||||
Australia | | | | ( | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | - | | | ||||||
Other overseas | ( | | | | | | ||||||
Transactions | ||||||||||||
Australia1 | | | | | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | - | | | ||||||
Other overseas | - | | | | ( | - | ||||||
Savings | ||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas | - | | | | - | | ||||||
Term | ||||||||||||
Australia | | | | | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas | ( | | | | | | ||||||
Repurchase agreements: | ||||||||||||
Australia | ( | | | - | | | ||||||
New Zealand | | | | | | | ||||||
Other overseas | | | | - | | | ||||||
Loan capital: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Australia |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| - | - | - |
| ( | - | ( | ||||
Other interest bearing liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Australia |
| | | |
| | ( | ( | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| ( | | |
| ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total change in interest expense |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Change in net interest income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Australia1 |
| | | |
| | ( | | ||||
New Zealand |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
Other overseas |
| | | |
| ( | | | ||||
Total change in net interest income |
| | | |
| | | | ||||
| 1. | Comparatives has been revised to align to current year presentation. |
21 |
Note 4. Non-interest income
Accounting policy
Non-interest income includes net fee income, net wealth management and insurance income, trading income and other income. Net fee income When another party is involved in providing goods or services to a Group customer, the Group assesses whether the nature of the arrangement with its customer is as a principal provider or an agent of another party. Where the Group is acting as an agent for another party, the income earned by the Group is the net consideration received (i.e. the gross amount received from the customer less amounts paid to a third-party provider). As an agent, the net consideration represents fee income for facilitating the transaction between the customer and the third-party provider with primary responsibility for fulfilling the contract. Fee income Fee income is recognised when the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. Fee income includes facility fees, transaction fees and other non-risk fee income. Facility fees include certain line fees, annual credit card fees and fees for providing customer bank accounts. They are recognised over the term of the facility/period of service on a straight-line basis. Transaction fees are earned for facilitating banking transactions such as FX fees, telegraphic transfers and issuing bank cheques. Fees for these one-off transactions are recognised once the transaction has been completed. Transaction fees are also recognised for credit card transactions including interchange fees net of scheme charges. These are recognised once the transaction has been completed; however, a component of interchange fees received is deferred as unearned income as the Group has a future service obligation to customers under the Group’s credit card reward programs. Other non-risk fee income includes advisory and underwriting fees which are recognised when the related service is completed. Income which forms an integral part of the effective interest rate of a financial instrument is recognised using the effective interest method and recorded in interest income (for example, loan origination fees). Fee expenses Fee expenses include incremental external costs that vary directly with the provision of goods or services to customers. An incremental cost is one that would not have been incurred if a specific good or service had not been provided to a specific customer. Fee expenses which form an integral part of the effective interest rate of a financial instrument are recognised using the effective interest method and recorded in net interest income. Fee expenses include the costs associated with credit card loyalty programs which are recognised as an expense when the services are provided on the redemption of points as well as merchant transaction costs. Net wealth management and insurance income Net wealth management income Wealth management fees earned for the ongoing management of customer funds and investments are recognised when the performance obligation is satisfied which is over the period of management. Insurance premium income Insurance premium income includes premiums earned for life insurance, life investment, loan mortgage insurance and general insurance products: ● Life insurance premiums with a regular due date are recognised as revenue on an accrual basis; ● Life investment premiums include a management fee component which is recognised as income over the period the service is provided. The deposit components of life insurance and investment contracts are not revenue and are treated as movements in life insurance liabilities; and ● General insurance premium comprises amounts charged to policyholders, excluding taxes, and is recognised based on the likely pattern in which the insured risk is likely to emerge. The portion not yet earned based on the pattern assessment is recognised as unearned premium liability. |
22 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 4. Non-interest income (continued)
Accounting policy (continued)
Insurance claims expense ● Life and general insurance contract claims are recognised as an expense when the liability is established; and ● Claims incurred in respect of life investment contracts represent withdrawals and are recognised as a reduction in life insurance liabilities. Changes in life insurance liabilities Changes in life insurance liabilities includes the change in the value of life insurance contract liabilities calculated using the margin on services methodology (MoS), specified in the Prudential Standard LPS 340 Valuation of Policy Liabilities. Regulation, competition, interest rates, taxes, securities market conditions and general economic conditions also affect the estimation of life insurance liabilities. Trading income ● Realised and unrealised gains or losses from changes in the fair value of trading assets, liabilities and derivatives are recognised in the period in which they arise (except day one profits or losses which are deferred, refer to Note 22); and ● Net income related to Treasury’s interest rate and liquidity management activities is included in net interest income. Other income - dividend income ● Dividends on quoted shares are recognised on the ex-dividend date; and ● Dividends on unquoted shares are recognised when the Company’s right to receive payment is established. |
23 |
Note 4. Non-interest income1 (continued)
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Net fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Facility fees |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transaction fees |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other non-risk fee income |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Fee income |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Credit card loyalty programs |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Transaction fee related expenses |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Fee expenses |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Net fees |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net wealth management and insurance |
| |||||||||
Net wealth management income |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Life insurance premium income |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
General insurance and lenders mortgage insurance (LMI) net premium earned |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Life insurance investment and other income |
| - |
| ( |
| |
| - |
| - |
General insurance and LMI investment and other income |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Total insurance premium, investment and other income |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Life insurance claims, changes in life insurance liabilities and other expenses |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
General insurance and LMI claims and other expenses |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Total insurance claims, changes in life insurance liabilities and other expenses |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Net wealth management and insurance |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Trading |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Dividends received from subsidiaries2 |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Transactions with subsidiaries |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Dividends received from other entities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net gain/(loss) on sale/derecognition of associates |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Net gain/(loss) on disposal of assets |
| - |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
Net gain/(loss) on hedging of overseas operations |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
Net gain/(loss) on derivatives held for risk management purposes |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net gain/(loss) on financial instruments measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net gain/(loss) on disposal of controlled entities and other businesses3 |
| |
| ( |
| |
| - |
| |
Rental income on operating leases |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Share of associates’ net profit/(loss) |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other | | ( | | | | |||||
Total non-interest income | | | | | | |||||
1. | Included items relating to compliance, regulation and remediation costs recognised as a reduction in non-risk fee income, net wealth management income and other income of $ |
2. | In 2022, Westpac Overseas Holdings No. 2 Pty Limited (WOH2PL), a wholly-owned subsidiary, paid a dividend of $ |
3. | Included gains/loss on sale of: |
| ● | 2023: $ |
| ● | 2022: $ |
| ● | 2021: $ |
Deferred income in relation to the credit card loyalty programs for the Group was $
There were no other material contract assets or contract liabilities for the Group or the Parent Entity.
24 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 5.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Staff |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Employee remuneration, entitlements and on-costs |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Superannuation2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Share-based payments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Restructuring costs |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total staff |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Occupancy |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Operating lease rentals |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Depreciation and impairment of property and equipment3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total occupancy |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Technology |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Amortisation and impairment of software assets3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Depreciation and impairment of IT equipment3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Technology services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Software maintenance and licences |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Telecommunications |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Data processing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total technology |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Professional and processing services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Amortisation and impairment of other intangible assets and deferred expenditure3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Postage and stationery |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Advertising |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Non-lending losses |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Impairment of investments in subsidiaries |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
Other expenses |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total operating expenses |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Included items relating to compliance, regulation and remediation costs recognised as an addition in operating expenses of $ |
2. | Superannuation expense includes both defined contribution and defined benefit expense. Refer to Note 32 for further details. |
3. | Impairment expenses included: |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
25 |
Note 6. Impairment charges
Accounting policy
Impairment charges are based on an expected loss model which measures the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of expected future cash flows taking into account past experience, current conditions and multiple probability-weighted macroeconomic scenarios for reasonably supportable future economic conditions. Further details of the calculation of ECL and the critical accounting assumptions and estimates relating to impairment charges are included in Note 10. Impairment charges are recognised in the income statement, with a corresponding amount recognised as follows: ● Loans, debt securities at amortised cost and due from subsidiaries balances: as a reduction of the carrying value of the financial asset through an offsetting provision account (refer to Note 10); ● Debt securities at FVOCI: in reserves in OCI with no reduction of the carrying value of the debt security (refer to Note 26); and ● Credit commitments: as a provision (refer to Note 25). Uncollectable loans A loan may become uncollectable in full or part if, after following the Group’s loan recovery procedures, the Group remains unable to collect that loan’s contractual repayments. Uncollectable amounts are written off against their related provision for ECL, after all possible repayments have been received. Where loans are secured, amounts are generally written off after receiving the proceeds from the security, or in certain circumstances, where the net realisable value of the security has been determined and this indicates that there is no reasonable expectation of full recovery, write-off may be earlier. Unsecured consumer loans are generally written off after 180 days past due. The Group may subsequently be able to recover cash flows from loans written off. In the period which these recoveries are made, they are recognised in the income statement. |
The following table details impairment charges.
| Consolidated |
| Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 | 2022 | |
Provisions raised/(released) |
|
|
|
| ||||||
Performing |
| |
| |
| ( |
| | | |
Non-performing |
| |
| |
| |
| | | |
Recoveries |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | ( | |
Impairment charges/(benefits) |
| |
| |
| ( |
| | | |
of which relates to: |
| |||||||||
Loans and credit commitments | | | ( | | | |||||
Debt securities at amortised cost | - | | ( | - | | |||||
Debt securities at FVOCI |
| |
| ( |
| |
| | ( | |
Due from subsidiaries | - | - | - | ( | | |||||
Impairment charges/(benefits) |
| | | ( | | | ||||
Further details are included in Note 10.
26 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 7. Income tax
Accounting policy
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in OCI, in which case it is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. As the Bank levy is not a levy on income, it is not included in income tax. It is included in interest expense in Note 3. Current tax is the tax payable for the year using enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws for each jurisdiction. Current tax also includes adjustments to tax payable for previous years. Deferred tax accounts for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their values for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is determined using the enacted or substantively enacted tax rates and laws for each jurisdiction which are expected to apply when the assets will be realised or the liabilities settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset where they relate to the same taxation authority, the same taxable entity or group, and where there is a legal right and intention to settle on a net basis. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available to utilise the assets. Deferred tax is not recognised for the following temporary differences: ● The initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither the accounting nor taxable profit or loss; ● The initial recognition of goodwill in a business combination; and ● Retained earnings in subsidiaries which the Parent Entity does not intend to distribute for the foreseeable future. The Parent Entity is the head entity of a tax consolidated group with its wholly owned Australian subsidiaries. All entities in the tax consolidated group have entered into a tax sharing agreement which, in the opinion of the Directors, limits the joint and several liabilities in the case of a default by the Parent Entity. Current and deferred tax are recognised using a ‘group allocation basis’. As head entity, the Parent Entity recognises all current tax balances and deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses and relevant tax credits for the tax-consolidated group. The Parent Entity fully compensates/is compensated by the other members for these balances. Critical accounting assumptions and estimates The Group operates in multiple tax jurisdictions and significant judgement is required in determining the worldwide current tax liability. There are many transactions with uncertain tax outcomes and provisions are determined based on the expected outcomes. |
27 |
Note 7. Income tax (continued)
Income tax expense
The following table reconciles income tax expense to the profit before income tax expense.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Profit before income tax |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Tax at the Australian company tax rate of |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
The effect of amounts which are not deductible/(assessable) in calculating taxable income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hybrid capital distributions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Life insurance tax adjustment on policyholder earnings |
| - |
| ( |
| |
| - |
| - |
Dividend adjustments |
| |
| - |
| - |
| ( |
| ( |
Other non-assessable items |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Other non-deductible items |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Adjustment for overseas tax rates |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Income tax (over)/under provided in prior years |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Other items1 |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Total income tax expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Income tax expense comprises: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current income tax |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Movement in deferred tax2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Income tax (over)/under provision in prior years |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
Total income tax expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total Overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total income tax expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.2023 included $
2.The movement in deferred tax in 2022 included a $
The effective tax rate was
Deferred tax assets
The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
Amounts recognised in the income statements and opening retained profits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Provision for long service leave, annual leave and other employee benefits | | | | | ||||
Property and equipment | | | | | ||||
Other provisions | | | | | ||||
Lease liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
All other liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total amounts recognised in the income statements and opening retained profits |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Amounts recognised directly in OCI |
|
|
|
| ||||
Cash flow hedges |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
Total amounts recognised directly in OCI |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
Gross deferred tax assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Set-off of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Net deferred tax assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Movements |
|
|
|
| ||||
Balance as at beginning of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Recognised in the income statements |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Recognised in OCI |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Set-off of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Balance as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
28 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 7. Income tax (continued)
Deferred tax liabilities
The balance comprises temporary differences attributable to:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||
Amounts recognised in the income statements and opening retained profits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance lease transactions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property and equipment |
| |
| |
| |
| |
All other assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total amounts recognised in the income statements and opening retained profits |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Amounts recognised directly in OCI |
|
|
|
| ||||
Investment securities | | | | | ||||
Cash flow hedges | | | - | | ||||
Defined benefit | | | | | ||||
Total amounts recognised directly in OCI | | | | | ||||
Gross deferred tax liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Set-off of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Net deferred tax liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Movements |
| |||||||
Balance as at beginning of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Recognised in the income statements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Recognised in OCI | ( | | ( | | ||||
Set-off of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Balance as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Unrecognised deferred tax balances
The following potential deferred tax balances have not been recognised. The tax effect of the gross balances disclosed below would be based on the corporate tax rates applicable in the relevant jurisdictions, which range between
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Deductible temporary differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax losses on revenue account | | | | | ||||
Tax losses on capital account |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
Taxable temporary differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained earnings of subsidiaries that would be subject to withholding tax if distributed |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
29 |
Note 8. Earnings per share
Accounting policy
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to owners of WBC by the weighted average number of ordinary shares on issue during the year, adjusted for treasury shares. Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the basic EPS by assuming all dilutive potential ordinary shares are converted. Refer to Notes 14 and 31 for further information on the potential dilutive instruments. |
2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
$m |
| Basic |
| Diluted |
| Basic |
| Diluted |
| Basic |
| Diluted |
Net profit attributable to owners of WBC ($m) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Adjustment for restricted share dividends1 |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| - |
Adjustment for potential dilution: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions to convertible loan capital holders2 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Adjusted net profit attributable to owners of WBC |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (millions) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares on issue |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Treasury shares (including RSP and EIP restricted shares)1 |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Adjustment for potential dilution: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share-based payments |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Convertible loan capital2 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Adjusted weighted average number of ordinary shares |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Earnings per ordinary share (cents) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Restricted shares are explained in Note 31. Some shares under the RSP and EIP - restricted shares have not vested and are not outstanding ordinary shares but do receive dividends. These RSP and EIP dividends are deducted to show the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders. |
2. | The Group has issued convertible loan capital which may convert into ordinary shares in the future (refer to Note 14 for further details). These convertible loan capital instruments are potentially dilutive instruments, and diluted EPS is therefore calculated as if the instruments had been converted at the beginning of the year or, if later, the instruments’ issue dates. |
30 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
Accounting policy
Recognition Financial assets and financial liabilities, other than regular way transactions, are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the terms of the contract, which is generally on settlement date (the date payment is made or cash advanced). Purchases and sales of financial assets in regular way transactions are recognised on trade date (the date on which the Group commits to purchase or sell an asset). De-recognition Financial assets are de-recognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or when the Group has either transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full under a ‘pass through’ arrangement and transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. There may be situations where the Group has partially transferred the risks and rewards of ownership but has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. In such situations, where the Group retains control of the transferred asset, it will continue to be recognised in the balance sheet to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement in the asset. Financial liabilities are de-recognised when the obligation is discharged, cancelled or expires. Where an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, the exchange or modification is treated as a de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability, with the difference in the respective carrying amounts recognised in the income statement. The terms are deemed to be substantially different if the discounted present value of the cash flows under the new terms (discounted using the original effective interest rate) is at least 10% different from the discounted present value of the remaining cash flows of the original financial liability. Qualitative factors such as a change in the currency the instrument is denominated in, a change in the interest rate from fixed to floating and conversion features are also considered. Classification and measurement basis Financial assets Financial assets are grouped into the following classes: cash and balances with central banks, collateral paid, trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS, derivative financial instruments, investment securities, loans and other financial assets. Financial assets are classified based on a) the business model within which the assets are managed, and b) whether the contractual cash flows of the instrument represent solely payment of principal and interest (SPPI). The Group determines the business model at the level that reflects how groups of financial assets are managed. When assessing the business model the Group considers factors including how performance and risks are managed, evaluated and reported and the frequency and volume of, and reason for, sales in previous periods and expectations of sales in future periods. When assessing whether contractual cash flows are SPPI, interest is defined as consideration primarily for the time value of money and the credit risk of the principal outstanding. The time value of money is defined as the element of interest that provides consideration only for the passage of time and not consideration for other risks or costs associated with holding the financial asset. Terms that could change the contractual cash flows so that they may not meet the SPPI criteria include contingent and leverage features, non-recourse arrangements, and features that could modify the time value of money. Debt instruments If the debt instruments have contractual cash flows which represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding they are classified at: ● Amortised cost if they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved through holding the financial asset to collect these cash flows; or ● FVOCI if they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both through collecting these cash flows or selling the financial asset; or ● FVIS if they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved through selling the financial asset. Debt instruments are classified and measured at FVIS where the contractual cash flows do not represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding or where it is designated at FVIS to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch. |
31 |
FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (continued)
Accounting policy (continued)
Equity securities Equity securities are classified and measured at FVOCI where they: ● Are not held for trading; and ● An irrevocable election is made by the Group. Otherwise, they are measured at FVIS. Financial liabilities Financial liabilities are grouped into the following classes: collateral received, deposits and other borrowings, other financial liabilities, derivative financial instruments, debt issues and loan capital. Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost if they are not held for trading or designated at FVIS, otherwise they are measured at FVIS. Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at FVIS are recognised initially at fair value. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus or minus directly attributable transaction costs, respectively. Further details of the accounting policy for each category of financial asset or financial liability mentioned above are set out in the note for the relevant item. The Group’s policies for determining the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities are set out in Note 22. |
32 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Lending and credit risk
Note 9. Loans
Accounting policy
Loans are financial assets initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs and fees. Loans are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method where they have contractual cash flows which represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding and they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved through holding the loans to collect these cash flows. They are presented net of any provision for ECL. Loans are subsequently measured at FVIS where they do not have cash flows which represent SPPI, are held within a business model whose objective is achieved by selling the financial asset, or are designated at FVIS to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch. Refer to Note 22 for balances which are measured at fair value and amortised cost. Loan products that have both mortgage and deposit facilities are presented gross in the balance sheet, segregating the asset and liability component, because they do not meet the criteria to be offset. Interest earned on these products is presented on a net basis in the income statement as this reflects how the customer is charged. |
The loan portfolio is disaggregated by location of booking office and product type, as follows.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
Australia |
|
| ||||||
Housing | | | | | ||||
Personal | | | | | ||||
Business | | | | | ||||
Total Australia | | | | | ||||
New Zealand |
|
|
|
| ||||
Housing | | | - | - | ||||
Personal | | | - | - | ||||
Business | | | | | ||||
Total New Zealand | | | | | ||||
Total other overseas | | | | | ||||
Gross loans | | | | | ||||
Provision for ECL on loans (refer to Note 10) | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total net loans1,2,3 | | | | | ||||
1. | Total net loans included securitised loans of $ |
2. | Total net loans included assets pledged for the covered bond programs of $ |
3. | During the current financial year, the Group revised its treatment of ongoing trail commission payable to mortgage brokers. The Group recognised a liability within other financial liabilities equal to the present value of expected future trail commission payable and a corresponding increase in capitalised brokerage costs in loans. The balance as at 30 September 2023 was $ |
33 |
Note 9. Loans (continued)
The following table shows the Group’s contractual maturity distribution of all loans as at 30 September 2023.
|
|
| Over 1 |
| Over 5 |
|
|
|
| |
Consolidated | Up to | year to | years to | Over | ||||||
$m | 1 year | 5 years | 15 years | 15 years | Total | |||||
Australia |
|
|
|
| ||||||
Housing | | | | | | |||||
Personal | | | | - | | |||||
Business | | | | | | |||||
Total Australia | | | | | | |||||
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Housing | | | | | | |||||
Personal | | | | - | | |||||
Business | | | | | | |||||
Total New Zealand | | | | | | |||||
Total other overseas | | | - | - | | |||||
Total loans | | | | | |
The following table shows the Group’s interest rate segmentation of loans maturing after one year as at 30 September 2023.
| Loans at | Loans at |
| |||
variable | fixed | |||||
Consolidated | interest | interest | ||||
$m | rates | rates |
| Total | ||
Interest rate segmentation of loans maturing after one year |
| |||||
Australia | ||||||
Housing | | | | |||
Personal | | | | |||
Business | | | | |||
Total Australia | | | | |||
New Zealand |
| |||||
Housing | | | | |||
Personal | | | | |||
Business | | | | |||
Total New Zealand | | | | |||
Total other overseas | | | | |||
Total loans maturing after one year | | | |
34 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses
Accounting policy
Note 6 provides details of impairment charges. Impairment applies to all financial assets at amortised cost, lease receivables, debt securities measured at FVOCI, due from subsidiaries and credit commitments. The ECL is recognised as follows: ● Loans (including lease receivables), debt securities at amortised cost and due from subsidiaries: as a reduction of the carrying value of the financial asset through an offsetting provision account (refer to Notes 9 and 17); ● Debt securities at FVOCI: in reserves in OCI with no reduction of the carrying value of the debt security itself (refer to Notes 17 and 26); and ●Credit commitments: as a provision (refer to Note 25). | |
Measurement The Group calculates the provision for ECL based on a three-stage approach. The provision for ECL is a probability-weighted estimate of the cash shortfalls expected to result from defaults over the relevant time frame. They are determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and taking into account the time value of money, past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. | |
The models use three main components to determine the ECL (as well as the time value of money) including: ● Probability of default (PD): the probability that a counterparty will default; ● Loss given default (LGD): the loss that is expected to arise in the event of a default; and ●Exposure at default (EAD): the estimated outstanding amount of credit exposure at the time of the default. | |
Model stages The three stages are as follows: Stage 1: 12 months ECL – performing For financial assets where there has been no significant increase in credit risk since origination, a provision for 12 months ECL is recognised. Stage 2: Lifetime ECL – performing For financial assets where there has been a significant increase in credit risk since origination but where the asset is still performing, a provision for lifetime ECL is recognised. The indicators of a significant increase in credit risk are described on the following page. Stage 3: Lifetime ECL – non-performing Financial assets in Stage 3 are those that are in default. This is aligned to APRA's regulatory definition of default contained in Prudential Standard APS 220 Credit Risk Management. A default occurs when: ● Westpac considers that the customer is unable to repay its credit obligations in full, irrespective of recourse by the Group to actions such as realising security. Indicators include a breach of contract with the Group such as a default on interest or principal payments, a borrower experiencing significant financial difficulties or observable economic conditions that correlate to defaults on an individual basis; or ● The customer is more than 90 days past due on any material credit obligation. The Group applied APRA’s amendments to the definition of default in the period, which resulted in an increase in non-performing exposures. This was primarily due to the extension of the period over which certain credit exposures remain classified as non-performing before reclassification to performing. There was no material impact on the provision for ECL. A provision for lifetime ECL is recognised on these financial assets. Collective and individual assessment Financial assets that are in Stages 1 and 2 are assessed on a collective basis. This means that they are grouped in pools of similar assets with similar credit risk characteristics including the type of product and the customer risk grade. Financial assets in Stage 3 are assessed on an individual basis and calculated collectively for those below a specified threshold. | |
35 |
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Accounting policy (continued)
Expected life In considering the lifetime time frame for ECL in Stages 2 and 3, the standard generally requires use of the remaining contractual life adjusted, where appropriate, for prepayments, extension and other options. For certain revolving credit facilities which include both a drawn and undrawn component (e.g. credit cards and revolving lines of credit), the Group’s contractual ability to demand repayment and cancel the undrawn commitment does not limit the exposure to credit losses to the contractual notice period. For these facilities, lifetime is based on historical behaviour. Movement between stages Financial assets may move in both directions through the stages of the impairment model. Financial assets previously in Stage 2 may move back to Stage 1 if it is no longer considered that there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Similarly, financial assets in Stage 3 may move back to Stage 1 or Stage 2 if they are no longer assessed to be non-performing. Critical accounting assumptions and estimates Key judgements include when a significant increase in credit risk has occurred, the estimation of forward-looking macroeconomic information and overlays. Other factors which can impact the provision include the borrower’s financial situation, the realisable value of collateral, the Group’s position relative to other claimants, the reliability of customer information and the likely cost and duration of recovering the loan. Significant increase in credit risk (SICR) Determining when a financial asset has experienced a SICR since origination is a critical accounting judgement which is based on the change in the probability of default (PD) since origination. In determining whether a change in PD represents a significant increase in risk, relative changes in PD and absolute PD thresholds are both considered based on the portfolio of the exposure. The Group does not rebut the presumption that instruments that are 30 days past due have experienced a SICR but this is used as a backstop rather than the primary indicator. In addition, the deferral of payments by customers in hardship arrangements is generally treated as an indication of a SICR. Forward-looking macroeconomic information The measurement of ECL for each stage and the assessment of significant increase in credit risk considers information about past events and current conditions as well as reasonable and supportable projections of future events and economic conditions. The estimation of forward-looking information is a critical accounting judgement. The Group considers three future macroeconomic scenarios including a base case scenario along with upside and downside scenarios. The macroeconomic variables used in these scenarios, based on current economic forecasts, include (but are not limited to) employment to population rates, real gross domestic product growth rates and residential and commercial property price indices. |
● Base case scenario This scenario utilises the internal Westpac economics forecast used for strategic decision making and forecasting. ● Upside scenario This scenario represents a modest improvement on the base case scenario. ● Downside scenario The downside scenario is a more severe scenario with ECL higher than those under the base case scenario.This scenario assumes a recession with a combination of negative GDP growth, declines in commercial and residential property prices and an increase in the unemployment rate, which simultaneously impact ECL across all portfolios from the reporting date. |
The three macroeconomic scenarios are probability weighted and together represent the Group’s view of the forward looking distribution of potential loss outcomes. The weighting applied to each of the three macroeconomic scenarios takes into account historical frequency, current trends, and forward-looking conditions. The macroeconomic variables and probability weightings of the three macroeconomic scenarios are subject to the approval of the Group Chief Financial Officer and Group Chief Risk Officer with oversight from the Board of Directors (and its Committees). Overlays Where appropriate, adjustments will be made to modelled outcomes to reflect reasonable and supportable information not already incorporated in the models. Judgements can change with time as new information becomes available which could result in changes to the provision for ECL. |
36 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Loans and credit commitments
The following tables reconcile the provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments by stage for the Group and Parent Entity.
| 2023 |
| 2022 | |||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
Performing | performing | Performing | performing | |||||||||||||
$m | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | ||||||||
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Provision for ECL on loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Housing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Personal |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Provision for ECL on credit commitments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Housing |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Personal |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Presented as provision for ECL on: | ||||||||||||||||
Loans (Note 9) | |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| | ||
Credit commitments (Note 25) | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Individually assessed provisions |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Collectively assessed provisions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Gross loans | |
| |
| |
| | | | | | |||||
Credit commitments | |
| |
| |
| | | | | | |||||
Gross loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Coverage ratio on loans (%) | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Coverage ratio on loans and credit commitments (%) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
37 |
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
| 2023 |
| 2022 | |||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
Performing | performing | Performing | performing | |||||||||||||
$m | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total | ||||||||
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Provision for ECL on loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Housing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Personal |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Provision for ECL on credit commitments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Housing |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Personal |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Presented as provision for ECL on: | ||||||||||||||||
Loans (Note 9) | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Credit commitments (Note 25) | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Individually assessed provisions |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Collectively assessed provisions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Gross loans | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Credit commitments | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Gross loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Coverage ratio on loans (%) | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Coverage ratio on loans and credit commitments (%) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Movement in provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments
The reconciliation of the provision for ECL tables for loans and credit commitments has been determined by an aggregation of monthly movements over the year. The key line items in the reconciliation represent the following:
| ● | “Transfers between stages” lines represent transfers between Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3 prior to remeasurement of the provision for ECL; |
| ● | “Business activity during the year” represents new accounts originated during the year net of those that were de-recognised due to final repayments during the year; |
| ● | “Net remeasurement of provision for ECL” line represents the impact on the provision for ECL due to changes in credit quality during the year (including transfers between stages), changes in portfolio overlays, changes due to forward-looking economic scenarios and partial repayments and additional draw-downs on existing facilities over the year; and |
| ● | “Write-offs” represent a reduction in the provision for ECL as a result of de-recognition of exposures where there is no reasonable expectation of full recovery. |
38 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
| Performing | performing |
| Performing | performing | |||||||||||
$m |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 |
| | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 |
| ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 |
| ( | ( | | - | ( | ( | | - | |||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL |
| ( | | | | ( | | | | |||||||
Write-offs |
| - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | |||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments |
| ( | ( | | | | - | | | |||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 |
| | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 |
| ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 |
| ( | ( | | - | ( | ( | | - | |||||||
Business activity during the year |
| | | ( | | | | ( | | |||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL |
| ( | | | | ( | | | | |||||||
Write-offs |
| - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | |||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments |
| | | | | | - | | | |||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
The provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments can be further disaggregated into the following classes and stages:
| Consolidated | Parent Entity | ||||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
| Performing | performing |
| Performing | performing |
| ||||||||||
$m | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Total |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 | Total | |||||
Housing | ||||||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 |
| | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 |
| ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | - | ( | | - | - | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL |
| ( | | | | ( | | | | |||||||
Write-offs |
| - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | |||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments |
| ( | ( | | | - | - | | | |||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 | | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 | ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | - | ( | | - | - | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL | ( | | | | ( | | | | ||||||||
Write-offs | - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments | | | | | - | - | | | ||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
39 |
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
| Performing | performing |
| Performing | performing | |||||||||||
$m |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
Personal |
| |||||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 | | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 | ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | - | ( | | - | - | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL | ( | | | | ( | | | | ||||||||
Write-offs | - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments | ( | ( | | | - | - | | | ||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 | | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 | ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | - | ( | | - | - | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL | ( | | | | ( | | | | ||||||||
Write-offs | - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments | | | | | - | - | | | ||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||||||
Non- | Non- | |||||||||||||||
| Performing | performing |
| Performing | performing | |||||||||||
$m |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total |
Business |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2021 | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 | | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 | ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | ( | ( | | - | ( | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | ( | ( | ( | | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL | ( | | | | ( | | | | ||||||||
Write-offs | - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments | | ( | | | | - | | | ||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Transfers to Stage 1 | | ( | ( | - | | ( | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 2 | ( | | ( | - | ( | | ( | - | ||||||||
Transfers to Stage 3 | ( | ( | | - | ( | ( | | - | ||||||||
Business activity during the year | | | ( | | | | ( | | ||||||||
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL | ( | | | | ( | | | | ||||||||
Write-offs | - | - | ( | ( | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||||
Exchange rate and other adjustments | | | | | | - | | | ||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
40 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Reconciliation of impairment charges
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Loans and credit commitments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business activity during the year |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Net remeasurement of provision for ECL |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Impairment charges for debt securities at amortised cost |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Impairment charges for debt securities at FVOCI |
| |
| ( |
| |
| ( |
Impairment on due from subsidiaries | - | - | ( | | ||||
Recoveries |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Impairment charges/(benefits) (Note 6) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total write-offs net of recoveries to average loans
Consolidated | ||||
% |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Write-offs net of recoveries to average loans | ||||
Housing | | | ||
Personal |
| |
| |
Business | | | ||
Total write-offs net of recoveries to average loans |
| |
| |
Write-offs still under enforcement activity
Of the amount of current year write-offs, $
Impact of overlays on the provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments
The following table attributes the provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments between modelled ECL and portfolio overlays.
Portfolio overlays are used to capture risk of increased uncertainty relating to forward-looking economic conditions, or areas of potential risk and uncertainty in the portfolio, that are not captured in the underlying modelled ECL.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Modelled provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Overlays |
| | |
| |
| | |
Total provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Details of changes related to forward-looking economic inputs and portfolio overlays, based on reasonable and supportable information up to the date of this report, are provided below.
Modelled provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments
The modelled provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments is a probability weighted estimate based on three scenarios which together represent the Group’s view of the forward-looking distribution of potential loss outcomes. The change in provisions as a result of changes in modelled ECL are reflected through the “net remeasurement of provision for ECL” line item. Portfolio overlays are used to capture potential risk and uncertainty in the portfolio, that are not captured in the underlying modelled ECL.
41 |
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
The base case scenario uses the following Westpac Economic forecasts:
Key economic assumptions for base case scenario | 30 September 2023 | 30 September 2022 |
Annual GDP: Australia | Forecast growth of | Forecast growth of |
New Zealand | Forecast growth of | Forecast growth of |
Commercial property index, Australia | Forecast price contraction of | Forecast price contraction of |
Residential property prices: Australia | Forecast price appreciation of | Forecast price contraction of |
New Zealand | Forecast price change of | Forecast price contraction of |
Cash rate, Australia | Forecast cash rate of | Forecast cash rate of |
Unemployment rate: Australia | Forecast rate of | Forecast rate of |
New Zealand | Forecast rate of | Forecast rate of |
The downside scenario is a more severe scenario with expected credit losses higher than the base case. This scenario assumes a recession with a combination of negative GDP growth, declines in commercial and residential property prices and an increase in the unemployment rate, which simultaneously impact expected credit losses across all portfolios from the reporting date. The assumptions used in this scenario and relativities to the base case will be monitored having regard to the emerging economic conditions and updated where necessary. The upside scenario represents a modest improvement to the base case.
The following sensitivity table shows the reported provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments based on the probability weighted scenarios and what the provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments would be assuming a 100% weighting to the base case scenario and to the downside scenario (with all other assumptions, held constant):
| Consolidated |
| Parent Entity | |||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Reported probability-weighted ECL |
| |
| |
| |
| |
100% base case ECL |
| |
| |
| |
| |
100% downside ECL |
| |
| |
| |
| |
If
The following table indicates the weightings applied by the Group and Parent Entity:
Macroeconomic scenario weightings (%) |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Upside |
| |
| |
Base |
| |
| |
Downside |
| |
| |
42 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10. Provision for expected credit losses (continued)
Portfolio overlays
Portfolio overlays are used to address areas of risk, including significant uncertainties that are not captured in the underlying modelled ECL. Determination of portfolio overlays requires expert judgement and is thoroughly documented and subject to comprehensive internal governance and oversight. Overlays are continually reassessed and if the risk is judged to have changed (increased or decreased), or is subsequently captured in the modelled ECL, the overlay will be released or remeasured.
The total portfolio overlays as at 30 September 2023 were $
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
The change in provisions as a result of changes in portfolio overlays are reflected through the “net remeasurement of provision for ECL” line in Movement in provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments table.
Impact of changes in credit exposures on the provision for ECL on loans and credit commitments
| ● | Stage 1 exposures decreased by $ |
| ● | Stage 2 credit exposures increased by $ |
| ● | Stage 3 credit exposures had a net increase of $ |
43 |
Note 11. Credit risk management
Note | ||||
Index |
| Note name |
| number |
Credit risk | Credit risk management framework | 11.1 | ||
The risk of financial loss where a customer or counterparty fails to meet their financial obligations to Westpac. | Credit risk ratings system | 11.2 | ||
Credit concentrations and maximum exposure to credit risk | 11.3 | |||
Credit quality of financial assets | 11.4 | |||
Credit risk mitigation, collateral and other credit enhancements | 11.5 |
11.1 Credit risk management framework
Please refer to Note 21.1 for details of the Group’s overall risk management framework.
| ● | The Group maintains a Credit Risk Management Framework, a Credit Risk Management Strategy, and a Credit Risk Appetite Statement, and a number of supporting policies and appetite statements that define roles and responsibilities, acceptable practices, limits and key controls. |
| ● | The Credit Risk Management Framework describes the principles, methodologies, systems, roles and responsibilities, reports and key controls for managing credit risk. |
| ● | The BRiskC, Westpac Group Executive Risk Committee (RISKCO) and Westpac Group Credit Risk Committee (CREDCO) monitor the risk profile, performance and management of the Group’s credit portfolio and the development and review of key credit risk policies. |
| ● | The Credit Risk Rating System Policy describes the credit risk rating system philosophy, design, key features and uses of rating outcomes. |
| ● | All models materially impacting the risk rating process are periodically reviewed in accordance with Westpac’s model risk policies. |
| ● | An annual review is performed of the Credit Risk Rating System by the BRiskC and CREDCO. |
| ● | Specific credit risk estimates (including PD, LGD and EAD levels) are overseen and reviewed annually in line with the Group’s Credit Model Risk Policy. Models are approved under delegated authority from the Chief Risk Officer. Model Risk is overseen by the Group’s Model Risk Committee. |
| ● | In determining the provision for ECL, the forward-looking economic inputs and the probability weightings of the forward-looking scenarios as well as any adjustments made to the modelled outcomes are subject to the approval of the Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Risk Officer with oversight from the Board of Directors (and its Committees). |
| ● | Policies for the delegation of credit approval authorities and formal limits for the extension of credit are established throughout the Group. |
| ● | Credit manuals are established and maintained throughout the Group including policies governing the origination, evaluation, approval, documentation, settlement and ongoing management of credit risks. |
| ● | Climate change related credit risks are considered in line with our Climate Change Position Statement and Action Plan. Climate change risks are managed in accordance with the Group’s risk framework which is supported by the Sustainability Risk Management Framework (SRMF), Group Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Credit Risk Policy and Board Risk Appetite Statements (RAS). Where appropriate, these are applied at the portfolio, customer and transaction level. |
| ● | The Climate Change Financial Risk Committee oversees work to identify and manage the potential impact on credit exposures from climate change-related transition and physical risks across the Group and reports to CREDCO. |
| ● | The Group’s ESG Credit Risk Policy details the Group’s overall approach to managing ESG risks in the credit risk process for applicable transactions. |
| ● | Sector policies guide credit extension where industry-specific guidelines are considered necessary (e.g. acceptable financial ratios or permitted collateral). |
| ● | The Related Entity Risk Management Policy and supporting policies govern credit exposures to related entities, to minimise the spread of credit risk between Group entities and to comply with prudential requirements prescribed by APRA. |
44 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
11.2 Credit risk ratings system
The principal objective of the credit risk rating system is to assess the credit risk to which the Group is exposed. The Group has two main approaches to this assessment.
Transaction-managed customers
Transaction managed customers are generally customers with business lending exposures. They are individually assigned a Customer Risk Grade (CRG), corresponding to their expected PD. Each facility is assigned an LGD. The Group’s risk rating system has a tiered scale of risk grades for both non-defaulted customers and defaulted customers. Non-defaulted CRGs are mapped to Moody’s and SP Global Ratings (SP) external senior unsecured ratings.
The table below shows Westpac’s high level CRGs for transaction-managed portfolios mapped to the Group’s credit quality disclosure categories and to their corresponding external rating.
Transaction-managed | ||||||
Financial statement disclosure |
| Westpac CRG |
| Moody’s Rating |
| SP Rating |
Strong | A | Aaa – Aa3 | AAA – AA– | |||
B | A1 – A3 | A+ – A– | ||||
C | Baa1 – Baa3 | BBB+ – BBB– | ||||
Good/satisfactory | D | Ba1 – B1 | BB+ – B+ | |||
Westpac Rating | ||||||
Weak | E | Watchlist | ||||
F | Special Mention | |||||
G | Substandard/Default | |||||
H | Doubtful/Default | |||||
Program-managed portfolio
The program-managed portfolio generally includes retail products including mortgages, personal lending (including credit cards) as well as certain small to medium sized enterprise lending. These customers are grouped into pools of similar risk. Pools are created by analysing similar risk characteristics that have historically predicted that an account is likely to go into default. Customers grouped according to these predictive characteristics are assigned a PD and LGD relative to their pool. The credit quality of these pools is based on a combination of behavioural factors, delinquency trends, PD estimates and loan to valuation ratio (housing loans only).
11.3 Credit risk concentrations and maximum exposure to credit risk
Credit risk concentrations
Credit risk is concentrated when a number of counterparties are engaged in similar activities, have similar economic characteristics and thus may be similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions.
The Group monitors its credit portfolio to manage risk concentrations and rebalance the portfolio.
Individual customers or groups of related customers
The Group has large exposure limits governing the aggregate size of credit exposure normally acceptable to individual customers and groups of related customers. These limits are tiered by customer risk grade.
Specific industries
Exposures to businesses, governments and other financial institutions are classified into a number of industry clusters based on related Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) codes and are monitored against the Group’s industry risk appetite limits.
Individual countries
The Group has limits governing risks related to individual countries, such as political situations, government policies and economic conditions that may adversely affect either a customer’s ability to meet its obligations to the Group, or the Group’s ability to realise its assets in a particular country.
45 |
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
Maximum exposure to credit risk
The maximum exposure to credit risk (excluding collateral received) is represented by the carrying amount of on-balance sheet financial assets (which comprise cash and balances with central banks, collateral paid, trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS, derivative financial instruments, investment securities, loans, other financial assets and certain balances included in assets held for sale) and undrawn credit commitments.
The following tables set out the credit risk concentrations to which the Group and the Parent Entity are exposed for on-balance sheet financial assets and for undrawn credit commitments.
The balances for trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS and investment securities exclude equity securities as the primary financial risk is not credit risk.
The credit concentrations for each significant class of financial asset are:
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS (Note 16) | ● ● ● | |
Investment securities (Note 17) | ● ● ● | |
Loans (Note 9) | ● The following tables provides a detailed breakdown of loans by industry and geographic classification. | |
Derivative financial instruments (Note 20) | ● ● |
46 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
2023 |
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
| ||||||||
Total all | Undrawn | Total all | Undrawn | |||||||||||||
other on | credit | other on | credit | |||||||||||||
Consolidated | balance | commit- |
| balance | commit- |
| ||||||||||
$m |
| Loans |
| sheet |
| ments |
| Total |
| Loans |
| sheet |
| ments |
| Total |
Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other overseas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Property |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total gross credit risk |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 1. | Comparative amounts have been revised to align to current year presentation. |
47 |
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
|
| 2023 |
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
| ||||||
Total all | Undrawn | Total all | Undrawn |
| ||||||||||||
other on | credit | other on | credit |
| ||||||||||||
Parent Entity | balance | commit- |
| balance | commit- |
| ||||||||||
$m |
| Loans |
| sheet |
| ments |
| Total |
| Loans |
| sheet |
| ments |
| Total |
Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Property |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Other |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Total New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other overseas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accommodation, cafes and restaurants |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Agriculture, forestry and fishing |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Construction |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Finance and insurance1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Government, administration and defence |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Manufacturing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Mining |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Property |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Property services and business services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Services |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Trade |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Transport and storage |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Utilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Retail lending |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total gross credit risk |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 1. | Comparative amounts have been revised to align to current year presentation. |
48 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
11.4 Credit quality of financial assets
Credit quality disclosures
The following tables show the credit quality of gross credit risk exposures measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI to which the impairment requirements apply. The credit quality is determined by reference to the credit risk ratings system (refer to Note 11.2) and expectations of future economic conditions under multiple scenarios.
Consolidated |
| 2023 |
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
| ||||||
$m |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total1 |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total1 |
Loans - housing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - housing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loans - personal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - personal |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loans - business |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strong |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total debt securities2 |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Assets held for sale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Total assets held for sale |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
All other financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Total all other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Undrawn credit commitments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undrawn credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total on and off-balance sheet |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. This credit quality disclosure differs to that of credit risk concentration as it relates only to financial assets measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI and therefore excludes trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS, and derivative financial instruments.
2. Debt securities included $
Details of collateral held in support of these balances are provided in Note 11.5.
49 |
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
Parent Entity |
| 2023 |
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
| ||||||
$m |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total1 |
| Stage 1 |
| Stage 2 |
| Stage 3 |
| Total1 |
Loans - housing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - housing |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loans - personal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - personal |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loans - business |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total loans - business |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
Strong |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total debt securities2 |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
All other financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Total all other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Undrawn credit commitments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undrawn credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total strong |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total good/satisfactory |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total weak |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total on and off-balance sheet |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. This credit quality disclosure differs to that of credit risk concentration as it relates only to financial assets measured at amortised cost or at FVOCI and therefore excludes trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS, and derivative financial instruments.
2. Debt securities included $
Details of collateral held in support of these balances are provided in Note 11.5.
50 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
11.5 Credit risk mitigation, collateral and other credit enhancements
Westpac uses a variety of techniques to reduce the credit risk arising from its lending activities. This includes the Group establishing that it has direct, irrevocable and unconditional recourse to collateral and other credit enhancements through obtaining legally enforceable documentation.
Collateral
The table below describes the nature of collateral or security held for each relevant class of financial asset.
Loans – housing and personal1 |
| Housing loans are secured by a mortgage over property and additional security may take the form of guarantees and deposits. Personal lending (including credit cards and overdrafts) is predominantly unsecured. Where security is taken, it is restricted to eligible motor vehicles, caravans, campers, motor homes and boats. Personal lending also includes margin lending which is secured primarily by shares or managed funds. |
Loans – business1 | Business loans may be secured, partially secured or unsecured. Security is typically taken by way of a mortgage over property and/or a general security agreement over business assets or other assets. Other security such as guarantees, standby letters of credit or derivative protection may also be taken as collateral, if appropriate. | |
Trading securities, financial assets measured at FVIS and derivatives | These exposures are carried at fair value which reflects the credit risk. For trading securities, no collateral is sought directly from the issuer or counterparty; however this may be implicit in the terms of the instrument (such as an asset-backed security). The terms of debt securities may include collateralisation. For derivatives, master netting agreements are typically used to enable the effects of derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty to be offset when measuring these exposures. Additionally, collateralisation agreements are also typically entered into with major institutional counterparties to avoid the potential build-up of excessive mark-to-market positions. Derivative transactions are increasingly being cleared through central clearers. |
1.This includes collateral held in relation to associated credit commitments.
51 |
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
Management of risk mitigation
The Group mitigates credit risk through controls covering:
Collateral and valuation management |
| The estimated realisable value of collateral held in support of loans is based on a combination of: ● Formal valuations currently held for such collateral; and ● Management’s assessment of the estimated realisable value of all collateral held. This analysis also takes into consideration any other relevant knowledge available to management at the time. Updated valuations are obtained when appropriate. The Group revalues collateral related to financial markets positions on a daily basis and has formal processes in place to promptly call for collateral top-ups, if required. These processes include margining for non-centrally cleared customer derivatives as regulated by Australian Prudential Standard CPS226. The collateralisation arrangements are documented via the Credit Support Annex of the ISDA dealing agreements and Global Master Repurchase Agreements (GMRA) for repurchase transactions. In relation to financial markets positions, Westpac only recognises collateral which is: ● Cash, primarily in Australian dollars (AUD), New Zealand dollars (NZD), US dollars (USD), Canadian dollars (CAD), British pounds (GBP) or European Union euro (EUR); ● Bonds issued by Australian Commonwealth, State and Territory governments or their Public Sector Enterprises, provided these attract a zero risk-weighting under Australian Prudential Standard (APS) 112; ● Securities issued by other sovereign governments and supranationals as approved by an authorised credit officer; or ● Protection bought via credit-linked notes (provided the proceeds are invested in cash or other eligible collateral). |
Other credit enhancements |
| The Group only recognises guarantees, standby letters of credit, or credit derivative protection from entities meeting minimum eligibility requirements (provided they are not related to the entity with which Westpac has a credit exposure) including but not limited to: ● Sovereign; ● Australia and New Zealand public sector; ● ADIs and overseas banks with a minimum risk grade equivalent of A3 / A–; and ● Others with a minimum risk grade equivalent of A3 / A–. Credit Portfolio Management (CPM) manages the Group’s corporate, sovereign and bank credit portfolios through monitoring the exposure and any offsetting hedge positions. CPM purchases credit protection from entities that meet minimum eligibility requirements. |
Offsetting | Creditworthy customers domiciled in Australia and New Zealand may enter into formal agreements with the Group, permitting the Group to set-off gross credit and debit balances in their nominated accounts. Cross-border set-offs are not permitted. Close-out netting is undertaken with counterparties with whom the Group has entered into a legally enforceable master netting agreement for their off-balance sheet financial market transactions in the event of default. Further details of offsetting are provided in Note 23. | |
Central clearing | The Group executes derivative transactions through central clearing counterparties. Central clearing counterparties mitigate risk through stringent membership requirements, the collection of margin against all trades placed, the default fund, and an explicitly defined order of priority of payments in the event of default. |
Collateral held against loans
The Group analyses the coverage of the loan portfolio which is secured by the collateral that it holds. Coverage is measured as follows:
Coverage |
| Secured loan to collateral value ratio |
Fully secured | Less than or equal to 100% | |
Partially secured | Greater than 100% but not more than 150% | |
Unsecured | Greater than 150%, or no security held (e.g. can include credit cards, personal loans, and exposure to highly rated corporate entities) |
52 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11. Credit risk management (continued)
The Group and the Parent Entity’s loan portfolio have the following coverage from collateral held:
2023 |
|
|
|
|
| 2022 |
|
| ||||||||
Housing | Personal | Business | Housing | Personal | Business |
| ||||||||||
% |
| loans1 | loans | loans | Total | loans1 | loans | loans | Total | |||||||
Performing loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fully secured |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Partially secured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Unsecured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Fully secured |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Partially secured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Unsecured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
Non-performing loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fully secured |
| |
| - |
| |
| | |
| - |
| |
| | |
Partially secured |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Unsecured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Fully secured |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Partially secured |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Unsecured |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Total |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. For the purpose of collateral classification, housing loans are classified as fully secured, unless they are non-performing in which case they may be classified as partially secured.
Details of the carrying value and associated provision for ECL are disclosed in Notes 9 and 10 respectively. The credit quality of loans is disclosed in Note 11.4.
Collateral held against financial assets other than loans
Consolidated |
| Parent Entity | ||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
Cash, primarily for derivatives |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Securities under reverse repurchase agreements2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Securities under derivatives and stock borrowing2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other collateral held |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2. Securities received as collateral are not recognised in the Group and Parent Entity’s balance sheet.
53 |
Deposits and other funding arrangements
Note 12. Deposits and other borrowings
Accounting policy
Deposits and other borrowings are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently either measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at fair value. |
Deposits and other borrowings are designated at fair value if they are managed on a fair value basis, reduce or eliminate an accounting mismatch or contain an embedded derivative. |
Where they are measured at fair value, any changes in fair value (except those due to changes in credit risk) are recognised in the income statement. The change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in credit risk is recognised in OCI except where it would create an accounting mismatch, in which case it is also recognised in the income statement. |
Refer to Note 22 for balances measured at fair value and amortised cost. |
Interest expense incurred is recognised in net interest income using the effective interest method. Non-interest bearing relates to instruments which do not carry an entitlement to interest. |
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Australia |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Certificates of deposit |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Non-interest bearing, repayable at call1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other interest bearing - transactions1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other interest bearing - savings | | | | | ||||
Other interest bearing term |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
|
|
|
| ||||
Certificates of deposit |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Non-interest bearing, repayable at call |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Other interest bearing - transactions |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Other interest bearing - savings | | | - | - | ||||
Other interest bearing term |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Total New Zealand |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Other overseas |
|
|
|
| ||||
Certificates of deposit |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Non-interest bearing, repayable at call |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other interest bearing - transactions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other interest bearing - savings | | | | | ||||
Other interest bearing term |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.Comparatives has been revised to align to current year presentation.
54 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 12. Deposits and other borrowings (continued)
Certificates of deposit and term deposits
Uninsured deposits refer to deposits that are in excess of, or ineligible for, a government based deposit insurance scheme in their relevant country of domicile. For the Group, this primarily relates to deposit in excess of, or ineligible for, the Australian Government’s Financial Claims Scheme (FCS) limit. Uninsured time deposits are deposits which are subject to contractual maturity requirements prior to withdrawal. The table below shows the time deposits by categories and remaining maturity:
|
| Over |
| Over |
|
| ||||
Consolidated | Up to | 3 months to | 6 months to | Over | ||||||
$m | 3 months | 6 months | 1 year | 1 year | Total | |||||
Certificates of deposit in excess of insured amounts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Total certificates of deposit in excess of insured amounts |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Term deposits in excess of insured amounts |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other overseas |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total term deposits in excess of insured amounts |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Interbank term deposits in excess of insured amounts1 |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Australia |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
New Zealand |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Other overseas |
| |
| - | |
| |
| | |
Total interbank term deposits in excess of insured amounts |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.Interbank term deposits are included in Note 19.
55 |
Note 13. Debt issues
Accounting policy
Debt issues are bonds, notes, commercial paper and debentures that have been issued by entities in the Group. |
Debt issues are initially measured at fair value and subsequently either measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at fair value. |
Debt issues are designated at fair value if they reduce or eliminate an accounting mismatch or contain an embedded derivative. |
Where they are measured at fair value, any changes in fair value (except those due to changes in credit risk) are recognised in the income statement. The change in the fair value that is attributable to changes in credit risk is recognised in OCI except where it would create an accounting mismatch, in which case it is also recognised in the income statement. Refer to Note 22 for balances measured at fair value and amortised cost. |
Interest expense incurred is recognised within net interest income using the effective interest method. |
In the following table, the distinction between short-term (12 months or less) and long-term (greater than 12 months) debt is based on the original maturity of the underlying security.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Short-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Own issuances |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total short-term debt |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Long-term debt |
|
|
|
| ||||
Covered bonds |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Senior |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Securitisation |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
Subordinated perpetual notes | - | | - | | ||||
Total long-term debt |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total debt issues |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Movement reconciliation ($m) | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | | ||||
Issuances | | | | | ||||
Maturities, repayments, buy-backs and reductions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total cash movements | | | | | ||||
FX translation impact | | | | | ||||
Fair value adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Fair value hedge accounting adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Other | | | | | ||||
Total non-cash movements | | ( | | ( | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | | | | ||||
56 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 13. Debt issues (continued)
Consolidated |
|
| ||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | ||
Short-term debt |
|
|
|
|
Own issuances: |
|
| ||
US commercial paper |
| |
| |
Senior Debt: | ||||
AUD | | - | ||
GBP | | | ||
USD | | | ||
Other | | | ||
Total short-term debt |
| |
| |
Long-term debt (by currency): |
|
| ||
AUD |
| |
| |
CHF |
| |
| |
EUR |
| |
| |
GBP |
| |
| |
JPY |
| |
| |
NZD |
| |
| |
USD |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
Total long-term debt |
| |
| |
The Group manages FX exposure from debt issuances as part of its hedging activities. Further details of the Group’s hedge accounting are in Note 20.
Note 14. Loan capital
Accounting policy
Loan capital are instruments issued by the Group which qualify for inclusion as regulatory capital under the standards issued by the prudential regulator in the relevant jurisdiction. Loan capital is initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense incurred is recognised in net interest income. |
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Additional Tier 1 (AT1) loan capital |
|
|
|
| ||||
Westpac capital notes |
| | | |
| | ||
USD AT1 securities |
| | | |
| | ||
Total AT1 loan capital |
| | | |
| | ||
Tier 2 loan capital |
|
| ||||||
Subordinated notes |
| | | |
| | ||
Total Tier 2 loan capital |
| | | |
| | ||
Total loan capital |
| | | |
| | ||
Movement reconciliation ($m) |
|
| ||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | | ||||
Issuances | | | | | ||||
Maturities, repayments, buy-backs and reductions | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total cash movements | | | | | ||||
FX translation impact | | | | | ||||
Fair value hedge accounting adjustments | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Other | | ( | | ( | ||||
Total non-cash movements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | | | | ||||
57 |
Note 14. Loan capital (continued)
Additional Tier 1 loan capital
A summary of the key terms and common features of AT1 instruments is provided below.
Consolidated and Parent Entity | Potential scheduled | Optional | ||||||||
$m | Distribution or interest rate | conversion date1 | redemption date2 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Westpac capital notes (WCN) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUD | (3-month BBSW rate + | 22 September 2027 | 22 September 2025 | | | |||||
| x (1 - Australian corporate tax rate) |
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
AUD | (3-month BBSW rate + | 31 July 2026 | 31 July 2024 | | | |||||
x (1 - Australian corporate tax rate) | ||||||||||
AUD | (3-month BBSW rate + | 22 March 2029 | 22 March 2027 | | | |||||
x (1 - Australian corporate tax rate) | ||||||||||
AUD | (3-month BBSW rate + | 21 June 2032 | 21 September 2029 | | | |||||
x (1 - Australian corporate tax rate) | ||||||||||
AUD | (3-month BBSW rate + | 22 June 2031 | 22 September 2028 | | | |||||
x (1 - Australian corporate tax rate) | ||||||||||
Total WCN |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| | |
USD AT1 securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
USD |
| Fixed |
| n/a |
| 21 September 2027 | |
| | |
Total USD AT1 securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
1. | Conversion is subject to the satisfaction of the scheduled conversion conditions. If the conversion conditions are not satisfied on the relevant scheduled conversion date, conversion will not occur until the next distribution payment date on which the scheduled conversion conditions are satisfied, if ever. |
2. | Certain AT1 instruments may have more than one optional redemption date and for the purposes of the table above the first optional redemption date is shown. Westpac may elect to redeem the relevant AT1 instrument on the optional redemption date or dates, subject to APRA's prior written approval. |
3. | Until but excluding 21 September 2027 (first reset date). If not redeemed, converted or written-off earlier, from, and including, each reset date to, but excluding, the next succeeding reset date, at a fixed rate p.a. equal to the prevailing 5-year USD mid-market swap rate plus |
Common features of AT1 instruments issued by Westpac Banking Corporation
Payment conditions
Distributions and interest payments on the AT1 instruments are discretionary and will only be paid if the payment conditions are satisfied, including that the payment will not result in a breach of Westpac’s capital requirements under APRA’s prudential standards; not result in Westpac becoming, or being likely to become, insolvent; and if APRA does not object to the payment.
Broadly, if for any reason a distribution or interest payment has not been paid in full on the relevant payment date, Westpac must not determine or pay any dividends on Westpac ordinary shares or undertake a discretionary buy-back or capital reduction of Westpac ordinary shares, unless the unpaid amount is paid in full within
58 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 14. Loan capital (continued)
The AT1 instruments convert into Westpac ordinary shares in the following circumstances:
| ● | Scheduled Conversion |
On the scheduled conversion date, provided certain conversion conditions are satisfied, the relevant AT1 instrument1 will convert and holders will receive a variable number of Westpac ordinary shares calculated using the face value of the relevant AT1 instrument and the Westpac ordinary share price determined over the
| ● | Capital Trigger Event or Non-Viability Trigger Event |
Westpac will be required to convert some or all AT1 instruments upon the occurrence of:
– | A capital trigger event, when Westpac determines, or APRA notifies Westpac in writing that it believes, Westpac’s Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio is equal to or less than |
– | A non-viability trigger event, when APRA notifies Westpac in writing that it believes conversion, write-off or write-down of capital instruments of the Westpac Group, or public sector injection of capital (or equivalent support), in each case is necessary because without it, Westpac would become non-viable |
For each AT1 instrument converted, holders will receive a variable number of Westpac ordinary shares calculated using the face value of the relevant AT1 instrument and the Westpac ordinary share price over the business day period prior to the capital trigger event date or non-viability trigger event date and includes a
Following the occurrence of a capital trigger event or non-viability trigger event, if conversion does not occur within five business days, holders’ rights in relation to the relevant AT1 instrument will be immediately and irrevocably terminated.
| ● | Conversion in other circumstances |
Westpac is able to elect to convert1, or may be required to convert1, AT1 instruments early in certain circumstances. The terms of conversion are broadly similar to scheduled conversion, however, the maximum conversion number will depend on the conversion event.
| ● | Early Redemption |
Westpac is able to elect to redeem the relevant AT1 instrument on the optional redemption dates or for certain taxation or regulatory reasons, subject to APRA’s prior written approval.
| 1. | Excludes USD AT1 securities. |
| 2. | Level 1 comprises Westpac Banking Corporation and its subsidiary entities that have been approved by APRA as being part of a ‘Extended Licensed Entity’ for the purpose of measuring capital adequacy. Level 2 is the consolidation of Westpac Banking Corporation and all its subsidiary entities except those entities specifically excluded by APRA regulations. The head of the Level 2 group is Westpac Banking Corporation. |
59 |
Note 14. Loan capital (continued)
Tier 2 loan capital
A summary of the key terms and common features of the Group’s Tier 2 instruments (subordinated notes) is provided below:
Optional | ||||||||||
$m |
| Interest rate |
| Maturity date |
| redemption date1 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Subordinated notes issued by Westpac Banking Corporation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
AUD |
| Fixed |
| 14 June 2028 |
| 14 June 2023 |
| - |
| |
USD |
| Fixed |
| 23 February 2046 |
| n/a |
| |
| |
JPY |
| Fixed |
| 19 May 2026 |
| n/a |
| |
| |
JPY |
| Fixed |
| 2 June 2026 |
| n/a |
| |
| |
JPY |
| Fixed |
| 9 June 2026 |
| n/a |
| |
| |
USD |
| Fixed |
| 23 November 2031 |
| 23 November 2026 |
| |
| |
AUD |
| Fixed |
| 16 August 2029 |
| 16 August 2024 |
| |
| |
AUD | Fixed | 24 January 2048 | n/a | | | |||||
AUD | Floating | 16 February 2028 | 16 February 2023 | - | | |||||
AUD | Fixed | 2 March 2048 | n/a | | | |||||
AUD | Floating | 22 June 2028 | 22 June 2023 | - | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 24 July 2039 | n/a | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 24 July 2034 | 24 July 2029 | | | |||||
AUD | Floating | 27 August 2029 | 27 August 2024 | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 4 February 2030 | 4 February 2025 | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 15 November 2035 | 15 November 2030 | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 16 November 2040 | n/a | | | |||||
AUD | Floating | 29 January 2031 | 29 January 2026 | | | |||||
EUR | Fixed | 13 May 2031 | 13 May 2026 | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 18 November 2041 | n/a | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 18 November 2036 | 18 November 2031 | | | |||||
JPY | Fixed | 8 June 2032 | 8 June 2027 | | | |||||
USD | Fixed | 10 August 2033 | 10 August 2032 | | | |||||
SGD | Fixed | 7 September 2032 | 7 September 2027 | | | |||||
AUD | Floating | 23 June 2033 | 23 June 2028 | | - | |||||
AUD | Floating | 23 June 2023 | 23 June 2028 | | - | |||||
AUD | Floating | 23 June 2038 | 23 June 2033 | | - | |||||
Total subordinated notes issued by Westpac Banking Corporation | | | ||||||||
Subordinated notes issued by Westpac New Zealand Limited2 | ||||||||||
NZD | Fixed | 16 September 2032 | 16 September 2027 | | | |||||
NZD | Fixed | 14 February 2034 | 14 February 2029 | | - | |||||
Total subordinated notes issued by Westpac New Zealand Limited | | | ||||||||
Total subordinated notes |
|
|
|
|
| |
| | ||
1. | Certain Tier 2 instruments may have more than one optional redemption date and for the purposes of the table above the first optional redemption date is shown. Westpac Banking Corporation may elect to redeem the relevant Tier 2 instrument on the optional redemption date or dates, subject to APRA’s prior written approval. |
2. | For subordinated notes issued by Westpac New Zealand Limited, it may elect to redeem all or some of the Tier 2 instruments for their face value together with accrued interest (if any) on the optional redemption date or any interest payment date thereafter, subject to RBNZ’s prior written approval. Early redemption of all of the Tier 2 instruments for certain tax or regulatory reasons is permitted on an interest payment date subject to the RBNZ’s prior written approval. |
60 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 14. Loan capital (continued)
Common features of subordinated notes
Issued by Westpac Banking Corporation
Interest payments are subject to Westpac being solvent at the time of, and immediately following, the interest payment.
Non-viability trigger event
The definition of non-viability trigger event is described under AT1 loan capital. Upon the occurrence of a non-viability trigger event, Westpac will be required to convert some or all subordinated notes into a variable number of Westpac ordinary shares calculated in a manner similar to that described under AT1 loan capital.
Following the occurrence of a non-viability trigger event, if conversion of a Tier 2 instrument does not occur within five business days, holders’ rights in relation to the relevant Tier 2 instrument will be immediately and irrevocably terminated.
Issued by Westpac New Zealand Limited
Interest payments are subject to Westpac New Zealand Limited being solvent at the time of, and immediately following, the interest payment.
Non-viability trigger event
Tier 2 instruments issued by Westpac New Zealand Limited do not have a non-viability trigger event. These instruments qualify as Tier 2 capital under the RBNZ capital adequacy framework but not under APRA’s capital adequacy framework.
Note 15. Securitisation, covered bonds and other transferred assets
The Group enters into transactions in the normal course of business by which financial assets are transferred to counterparties or structured entities. Depending on the circumstances, these transfers may result in de-recognition of the assets in their entirety, partial de-recognition or no de-recognition of the assets subject to the transfer. For the Group’s accounting policy on de-recognition of financial assets refer to the notes to the financial statements section before Note 9 titled ‘Financial assets and financial liabilities’.
Securitisation
Securitisation is the transferring of assets (or an interest in either the assets or the cash flows arising from the assets) to a structured entity which then issues the majority of interest bearing debt securities to third party investors for funding deals and to Westpac for liquidity deals.
Securitisation of its own assets is used by Westpac as a funding and liquidity tool.
For securitisation structured entities which Westpac controls, as defined in Note 30, the structured entities are classified as subsidiaries and consolidated. When assessing whether Westpac controls a structured entity, it considers its exposure to and ability to affect variable returns. Westpac may have variable returns from a structured entity through ongoing exposures to the risks and rewards associated with the assets, the provision of derivatives, liquidity facilities, trust management and operational services.
Undrawn funding and liquidity facilities of $
Covered bonds
The Group has
Repurchase agreements
Where securities are sold subject to an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined price, they remain recognised in the balance sheet in their original category (i.e. Trading securities or Investment securities).
The cash consideration received is recognised as a liability (Repurchase agreements). Refer to Note 19 for further details.
61 |
Note 15. Securitisation, covered bonds and other transferred assets (continued)
The following tables present Westpac’s assets transferred and their associated liabilities.
For those liabilities that only have | ||||||||||
recourse to the transferred assets: | ||||||||||
Carrying | Carrying | Fair | Fair | |||||||
amount of | amount of | value of | value of | Net fair | ||||||
transferred | associated | transferred | transferred | value | ||||||
$m |
| assets |
| liabilities |
| assets |
| liabilities |
| position |
Consolidated | ||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||
Securitisation1 |
| | | | | | ||||
Covered bonds2 |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Repurchase agreements |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Total |
| | | | | | ||||
2022 | ||||||||||
Securitisation1 |
| | | | | | ||||
Covered bonds2 |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Repurchase agreements |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Total |
| | | | | | ||||
Parent Entity | ||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||
Securitisation1 |
| | | | | | ||||
Covered bonds2 |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Repurchase agreements |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Total |
| | | | | | ||||
2022 | ||||||||||
Securitisation1 |
| | | | | | ||||
Covered bonds2 |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Repurchase agreements |
| | | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||||
Total |
| | | | | | ||||
1. | The carrying amount of assets securitised exceeds the amount of notes issued primarily because the carrying amount includes both principal and income received from the transferred assets. |
2. | The difference between the carrying values of covered bonds and the assets pledged reflects the over-collateralisation required to maintain the ratings of the covered bonds and also additional assets to allow immediate issuance of additional covered bonds if required. These additional assets can be repurchased by Westpac at its discretion, subject to the conditions set out in the transaction documents. |
62 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Other financial instrument disclosures
Note 16. Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS
Accounting policy
Trading securities Trading securities include actively traded debt (government and other) and equity instruments and those acquired for sale in the near term. The instruments are measured at fair value. As part of its trading activities, the Group also lends and borrows securities on a collateralised basis. Securities lent remain on the Group’s balance sheet and securities borrowed are not reflected on the Group’s balance sheet, as the risks and rewards of ownership remain with the initial holder. Where cash is provided as collateral, the amount advanced to or received from third parties is recognised as a receivable in collateral paid or as a borrowing in collateral received respectively. Reverse repurchase agreements Securities purchased under these agreements are not recognised in the balance sheet, as Westpac has not obtained the risks and rewards of ownership. The cash consideration paid is recognised as a reverse repurchase agreement, which forms part of a trading portfolio that is measured at fair value. Other financial assets measured at FVIS Other financial assets measured at FVIS include: ● Non-trading securities managed on a fair value basis; ● Non-trading debt securities that do not have contractual cash flows that represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding; or ● Non-trading equity securities for which we have not made irrevocable designation to be measured at FVOCI. Fair value gains and losses on these financial assets are recognised in the income statement. Interest earned from debt securities is recognised in interest income (Note 3) while dividends on equity securities are recognised in non-interest income (Note 4). |
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Trading securities | ||||||||
Government and semi-government securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other debt securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Equity securities |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total trading securities | | | | | ||||
Reverse repurchase agreements |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial assets measured at FVIS | ||||||||
Other debt securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Equity securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other financial assets measured at FVIS | | | | | ||||
Total trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| |
| |
| |
| |
63 |
Note 17. Investment securities
Accounting policy
Investment securities include debt securities (government and other) and equity securities. It includes debt and equity securities that are measured at FVOCI and debt securities measured at amortised cost. These instruments are classified based on the criteria disclosed under the heading “Financial assets and financial liabilities” prior to Note 9. Debt securities measured at FVOCI Includes debt instruments that have contractual cash flows which represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding and they are held within a business model whose objective is achieved both through collecting these cash flows or selling the financial asset. These securities are measured at fair value with unrealised gains and losses recognised in OCI except for interest income, impairment charges, FX gains and losses and fair value hedge adjustments which are recognised in the income statement. Impairment is measured using the same ECL model applied to financial assets measured at amortised cost. Impairment is recognised in the income statement with a corresponding amount in OCI with no reduction of the carrying value of the debt security which remains at fair value. Refer to Notes 6 and 10 for further details. The cumulative gain or loss recognised in OCI is subsequently recognised in the income statement when the instrument is disposed. Debt securities measured at amortised cost Include debt instruments that have contractual cash flows which represent SPPI on the principal balance outstanding and are held within a business model whose objective is achieved through holding the financial asset to collect these cash flows. These securities are initially recognised at fair value plus directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method and are presented net of any provision for ECL, determined using the ECL model. Equity securities Equity securities are measured at FVOCI where they are not held for trading, the Group does not have control or significant influence over the investee and where an irrevocable election is made to measure them at FVOCI. These securities are measured at fair value with unrealised gains and losses recognised in OCI except for dividend income which is recognised in the income statement. The cumulative gain or loss recognised in OCI is not subsequently recognised in the income statement when the instrument is disposed. |
| Consolidated |
| Parent Entity | |||||
$m | 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 | |
Investment securities |
|
|
|
| ||||
Investments securities measured at FVOCI |
|
|
|
| ||||
Government and semi-government debt securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other debt securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Equity securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total investment securities measured at FVOCI1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities measured at amortised cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Government and semi-government debt securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other debt securities |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total investment securities measured at amortised cost |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Provision for ECL on debt securities at amortised cost |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Total net investment securities measured at amortised cost |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total investment securities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Impairment is recognised in the income statement with a corresponding amount in OCI (refer to Note 26). There is no reduction of the carrying value of the debt securities which remains at fair value. |
64 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 17. Investment securities (continued)
The following table shows the maturities and the weighted average yield of the Group’s outstanding investment securities as at 30 September 2023. There are no tax-exempt securities.
Over | Over | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Up to | 1 year to | 5 years to | Over | No specific | Weighted | |||||||||||||||||||
1 year | 5 years | 10 years | 10 years | maturity | Total | average | ||||||||||||||||||
2023 |
| $m |
| % |
| $m |
| % |
| $m |
| % |
| $m |
| % |
| $m |
| % |
| $m |
| % |
Carrying Amount |
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Government and semi-government securities |
| |
| | | | | | | | - | - | | | ||||||||||
Other debt securities |
| |
| | | | | | - | - | - | - | | | ||||||||||
Equity securities |
| - |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - | | - | | - | ||||||||||
Total by maturity |
| |
| | | | | |
The maturity profile is determined based upon contractual terms for investment securities.
Note 18. Other financial assets
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Accrued interest receivable |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Securities sold not delivered |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Trade debtors |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Interbank lending | | | | | ||||
Clearing and settlement balances | | | | | ||||
Accrued fees and commissions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total other financial assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
65 |
Note 19. Other financial liabilities
Accounting policy
Other financial liabilities include liabilities measured at amortised cost as well as liabilities which are measured at FVIS. Financial liabilities measured at FVIS include: |
● Trading liabilities (i.e. securities sold short); and |
● Liabilities designated at FVIS (i.e. certain repurchase agreements). Refer to Note 22 for balances measured at fair value and amortised cost. Repurchase agreements |
Where securities are sold subject to an agreement to repurchase at a predetermined price, they remain recognised in the balance sheet in their original category (i.e. ‘Trading securities’ or ‘Investment securities’). |
The cash consideration received is recognised as a liability (‘Repurchase agreements’). Repurchase agreements are designated at fair value where they are managed as part of a trading portfolio, otherwise they are measured on an amortised cost basis. |
Where a repurchase agreement is designated at fair value, any changes in fair value (except those due to changes in credit risk) are recognised in the income statement as they arise. The change in fair value that is attributable to credit risk is recognised in OCI except where it would create an accounting mismatch, in which case it is also recognised in the income statement. |
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Repurchase agreements |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Interbank placements | | | | | ||||
Accrued interest payable | | | | | ||||
Securities purchased not delivered | | | | | ||||
Trade creditors and other accrued expenses1 | | | | | ||||
Settlement and clearing balances | | | | | ||||
Securities sold short | | | | | ||||
Other | | | | | ||||
Total other financial liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | In 2023, the Group revised its treatment of ongoing trail commission payable to mortgage brokers. The Group recognised a liability within other financial liabilities equal to the present value of expected future trail commission payable and a corresponding increase in capitalised brokerage costs in loans. The balance as at 30 September 2023 was $ |
66 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments
Accounting policy
Derivative financial instruments are instruments whose values are derived from the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index and include forwards, futures, swaps and options. The Group uses derivative financial instruments for meeting customers’ needs, our Asset and Liability Management (ALM) activities, and undertaking market making and positioning activities. Trading derivatives Derivatives which are used in our ALM activities but are not designated into a hedge accounting relationship are considered economic hedges. These derivatives, along with derivatives used for meeting customers’ needs and undertaking market making and positioning activities, are measured at FVIS and are disclosed as trading derivatives. Hedging derivatives Hedging derivatives are those which are used in our ALM activities and have also been designated into one of three hedge accounting relationships: fair value hedge; cash flow hedge; or hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. These derivatives are measured at fair value. These hedge designations and the associated accounting treatment are detailed below. For more details regarding the Group’s ALM activities, refer to Note 21. Fair value hedges Fair value hedges are used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or liability. Changes in the fair value of derivatives and the hedged asset or liability in fair value hedges are recognised in interest income. The carrying value of the hedged asset or liability is adjusted for the changes in fair value related to the hedged risk. If a hedge is discontinued, any fair value adjustments to the carrying value of the asset or liability are amortised to net interest income over the period to maturity. If the asset or liability is sold, any unamortised adjustment is immediately recognised in net interest income. Cash flow hedges Cash flow hedges are used to hedge the exposure to variability of cash flows attributable to an asset, liability or future forecast transaction. For effective hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in the cash flow hedge reserve through OCI and subsequently recognised in interest income when the cash flows attributable to the asset or liability that was hedged impact the income statement. For hedges with some ineffectiveness, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives relating to the ineffective portion are immediately recognised in interest income. If a hedge is discontinued, any cumulative gain or loss remains in OCI. It is amortised to net interest income over the period in which the asset or liability that was hedged also impacts the income statement. If a hedge of a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, any cumulative gain or loss in OCI is immediately recognised in net interest income. Net investment hedges Net investment hedges are used to hedge FX risks arising from a net investment of a foreign operation. For effective hedges, changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in the foreign currency translation reserve through OCI. For hedges with some ineffectiveness, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives relating to the ineffective portion are immediately recognised in non-interest income. If a foreign operation is disposed of, any cumulative gain or loss in OCI is immediately recognised in non-interest income. |
67 |
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Total derivatives
The carrying values of derivative instruments are set out in the tables below.
Total derivatives | ||||||||||||
Consolidated | Trading | Hedging | carrying value | |||||||||
$m |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
2023 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts |
| |||||||||||
Swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total interest rate contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
FX contracts |
| |||||||||||
Spot and forward contracts |
| | ( | - | ( | | ( | |||||
Cross currency swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total FX contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Credit default swaps | ||||||||||||
Credit protection bought | - | ( | - | - | - | ( | ||||||
Credit protection sold | | - | - | - | | - | ||||||
Total credit default swaps | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Commodity contracts |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total of gross derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
| ( | | ( | | ( | | |||||
Total of net derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
2022 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts |
|
| ||||||||||
Swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total interest rate contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
FX contracts |
| |||||||||||
Spot and forward contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Cross currency swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total FX contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Credit default swaps | ||||||||||||
Credit protection bought | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Credit protection sold | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Total credit default swaps | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Commodity contracts |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Equities |
| | - | - | - | | - | |||||
Total of gross derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
| ( | | ( | | ( | | |||||
Total of net derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( |
68 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Total derivatives | ||||||||||||
Parent Entity | Trading | Hedging | carrying value | |||||||||
$m |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
2023 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts |
| |||||||||||
Swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total interest rate contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
FX contracts |
| |||||||||||
Spot and forward contracts |
| | ( | - | ( | | ( | |||||
Cross currency swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total FX contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Credit default swaps | ||||||||||||
Credit protection bought | - | ( | - | - | - | ( | ||||||
Credit protection sold | | - | - | - | | - | ||||||
Total credit default swaps | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Commodity contracts |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total of gross derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
| ( | | ( | | ( | | |||||
Total of net derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
2022 | ||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts |
|
| ||||||||||
Swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total interest rate contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
FX contracts |
| |||||||||||
Spot and forward contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Cross currency swap agreements |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Options |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Total FX contracts |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Credit default swaps | ||||||||||||
Credit protection bought | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Credit protection sold | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Total credit default swaps | | ( | - | - | | ( | ||||||
Commodity contracts |
| | ( | - | - | | ( | |||||
Equities |
| | - | - | - | | - | |||||
Total of gross derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( | |||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
| ( | | ( | | ( | | |||||
Total of net derivatives |
| | ( | | ( | | ( |
69 |
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Hedge accounting
The Group designates derivatives into hedge accounting relationships in order to manage the volatility in earnings and capital that would otherwise arise from interest rate and FX risks that may result from differences in the accounting treatment of derivatives and underlying exposures. These hedge accounting relationships and the risks they are used to hedge are described below.
The Group enters into one-to-one hedge relationships to manage specific exposures where the terms of the hedged item significantly match the terms of the hedging instrument. The Group also uses dynamic hedge accounting where the hedged items are part of a portfolio of assets and/or liabilities that frequently change. In this hedging strategy, the exposure being hedged and the hedging instruments may change frequently rather than there being a one-to-one hedge accounting relationship for a specific exposure.
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk
The Group hedges its interest rate risk to reduce exposure to changes in fair value due to interest rate fluctuations over the hedging period. Interest rate risk arising from fixed rate debt issuances and fixed rate bonds classified as investment securities at FVOCI is hedged with single currency fixed to floating interest rate derivatives. The Group also hedges its benchmark interest rate risk from fixed rate foreign currency denominated debt issuances using cross currency swaps. In applying fair value hedge accounting, the Group primarily uses one-to-one hedge accounting to manage specific exposures.
The Group also uses a dynamic hedge accounting strategy for fair value portfolio hedge accounting of some fixed rate mortgages to reduce exposure to changes in fair value due to interest rate fluctuations over the hedging period. These fixed rate mortgages are allocated to time buckets based on their expected repricing dates and the fixed-to-floating interest rate derivatives are designated accordingly to the capacity in the relevant time buckets.
The Group hedges the benchmark interest rate which generally represents the most significant component of the changes in fair value. The benchmark interest rate is a component of interest rate risk that is observable in the relevant financial markets, for example, BBSW for AUD interest rates, SOFR for USD interest rates and BKBM for NZD interest rates. Ineffectiveness may arise from timing or discounting differences on repricing between the hedged item and the derivative. For the portfolio hedge accounting ineffectiveness also arises from prepayment risk (i.e. the difference between actual and expected prepayment of loans). In order to manage the ineffectiveness from early repayments and accommodate new originations the portfolio hedges are de-designated and re-designated periodically.
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate risk
The Group’s exposure to the volatility of interest cash flows from customer deposits and loans is hedged with interest rate derivatives using a dynamic hedge accounting strategy called macro cash flow hedges. Customer deposits and loans are allocated to time buckets based on their expected repricing dates. The interest rate derivatives are designated accordingly to the gross asset or gross liability positions for the relevant time buckets. The Group hedges the benchmark interest rate which generally represents the most significant component of the changes in fair value. The benchmark interest rate is a component of interest rate risk that is observable in the relevant financial markets, for example, BBSW for AUD interest rates, SOFR for USD interest rates and BKBM for NZD interest rates. Ineffectiveness may arise from timing or discounting differences on repricing between the hedged item and the interest rate derivative. Ineffectiveness also arises if the notional values of the interest rate derivatives exceed the capacity for the relevant time buckets. The hedge accounting relationship is reviewed on a monthly basis and the hedging relationships are de-designated and re-designated if necessary.
FX risk
The Group’s exposure to foreign currency principal and credit margin cash flows from fixed rate foreign currency debt issuances is hedged through the use of cross currency derivatives in a one-to-one hedging relationship to manage the changes between the foreign currency and AUD. In addition, for floating rate foreign currency debt issuances, the Group hedges from foreign floating to primarily AUD or NZD floating interest rates. These exposures represent the most significant components of fair value. Ineffectiveness may arise from timing or discounting differences on repricing between the hedged item and the cross currency derivative.
70 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Net investment hedges
FX risk
Structural FX risk results from Westpac’s capital deployed in offshore branches and subsidiaries, where it is denominated in currencies other than Australian dollars. As exchange rates move, the Australian dollar equivalent of offshore capital is subject to change that could introduce significant variability to the Group’s reported financial results and capital ratios.
The Group uses FX forward contracts when hedging the currency translation risk arising from net investments in foreign operations. The Group currently applies hedge accounting, predominantly to its net investment in New Zealand operations which is the most material offshore operation and therefore the hedged risk is the movement of the NZD against the AUD. Ineffectiveness only arises if the notional values of the FX forward contracts exceed the net investment.
Economic hedges
As part of the Group’s ALM activities, economic hedges may be entered into to hedge New Zealand future earnings and long-term funding transactions for risk management purposes. These hedges do not qualify for hedge accounting and therefore are not included in the hedging instrument disclosures below.
Hedging instruments
The following tables show the carrying value of hedging instruments and a maturity analysis of the notional amounts of the hedging instruments in one-to-one hedge relationships categorised by the types of hedge relationships and the hedged risk.
Notional amounts | ||||||||||||||||
Over | ||||||||||||||||
Consolidated | Within | 1 year to | Over | Carrying value | ||||||||||||
$m |
| Hedging instrument |
| Hedged risk |
| 1 year |
| 5 years |
| 5 years |
| Total |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
2023 | ||||||||||||||||
One-to-one hedge relationships |
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Cross currency swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | ( | ( | |||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | | | | | | | ||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | | - | - | | - | ( | ||||||||
Total one-to-one hedge relationships | | | | | | ( | ||||||||||
Macro hedge relationships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Portfolio fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Macro cash flow hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Total macro hedge relationships | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||||
Total of gross hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ( | | ||||||||
Total of net hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | | ( | ||||||||
71 |
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
Notional amounts | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
| Over |
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Consolidated |
|
| Within | 1 year to | Over |
| Carrying value | |||||||||
$m |
| Hedging instrument |
| Hedged risk |
| 1 year |
| 5 years |
| 5 years |
| Total |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
2022 | ||||||||||||||||
One-to-one hedge relationships |
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Cross currency swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | ( | ( | |||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | | | | | | | ||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | | - | - | | | ( | ||||||||
Total one-to-one hedge relationships | | | | | | ( | ||||||||||
Macro hedge relationships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Portfolio fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Macro cash flow hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Total macro hedge relationships | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||||
Total of gross hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ( | | ||||||||
Total of net hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | | ( | ||||||||
Notional amounts | ||||||||||||||||
Over | ||||||||||||||||
Parent Entity | Within | 1 year to | Over | Carrying value | ||||||||||||
$m |
| Hedging instrument |
| Hedged risk |
| 1 year |
| 5 years |
| 5 years |
| Total |
| Assets |
| Liabilities |
2023 | ||||||||||||||||
One-to-one hedge relationships | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Cross currency swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | ( | ( | |||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | | - | - | | - | ( | ||||||||
Total one-to-one hedge relationships | | | | | | ( | ||||||||||
Macro hedge relationships |
|
| ||||||||||||||
Portfolio fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | - | ||||||||
Macro cash flow hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Total macro hedge relationships | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||||
Total of gross hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ( | | ||||||||
Total of net hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | | ( | ||||||||
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
One-to-one hedge relationships | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Cross currency swap | Interest rate risk | | | | | ( | ( | |||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | | | | | | ( | ||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | | - | - | | | ( | ||||||||
Total one-to-one hedge relationships | | | | | | ( | ||||||||||
Macro hedge relationships |
|
| ||||||||||||||
Portfolio fair value hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Macro cash flow hedges | Interest rate swap | Interest rate risk | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Total macro hedge relationships | n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||||
Total of gross hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | | | ( | ||||||||
Impact of netting arrangements |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | ( | | ||||||||
Total of net hedging derivatives |
|
| n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | | ( | ||||||||
72 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
The following tables show the weighted average FX rate related to significant hedging instruments in one-to-one hedge relationships.
Weighted average rate | ||||||||||
| Hedging instrument |
| Hedged risk |
| Currency pair |
| 2023 |
| 2022 | |
Consolidated | ||||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | EUR:NZD | |||||||
USD:NZD | ||||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | NZD:AUD | |||||||
USD:AUD | ||||||||||
Parent Entity | ||||||||||
Cash flow hedges | Cross currency swap | FX risk | EUR:AUD | |||||||
JPY:AUD | ||||||||||
CHF:AUD | not material | |||||||||
CNH:AUD | ||||||||||
HKD:AUD | ||||||||||
Net investment hedges | Forward contracts | FX risk | NZD:AUD | |||||||
USD:AUD | ||||||||||
Impact of hedge accounting in the balance sheets and reserves
The following tables show the carrying amount of hedged items in a fair value hedge relationship and the component of the carrying amount related to accumulated fair value hedge accounting adjustments (FVHA).
2023 | 2022 | |||||||
FVHA | FVHA | |||||||
Carrying amount of | included in carrying | Carrying amount of | included in carrying | |||||
$m |
| hedged item |
| amount |
| hedged item |
| amount |
Consolidated | ||||||||
Interest rate risk |
|
|
|
| ||||
Investment securities | | ( | | ( | ||||
Loans | | ( | | ( | ||||
Debt issues and loan capital | ( | | ( | | ||||
Parent Entity | ||||||||
Interest rate risk |
|
|
|
| ||||
Investment securities | | ( | | ( | ||||
Loans | | ( | | ( | ||||
Debt issues and loan capital | ( | | ( | | ||||
There were
The pre-tax impact of cash flow and net investment hedges on reserves is detailed below:
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||
Interest | FX | Interest | FX | |||||||||
$m |
| rate risk |
| risk |
| Total |
| rate risk |
| risk |
| Total |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Balance as at beginning of year | | ( |
| | | ( |
| | ||||
Net gains/(losses) from changes in fair value1 | ( | ( |
| ( | | ( |
| | ||||
Transferred to interest income1 | ( | |
| ( | ( | |
| ( | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | ( |
| | | ( |
| | ||||
Parent Entity | ||||||||||||
Cash flow hedge reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | |
| | | ( |
| | ||||
Net gains/(losses) from changes in fair value1 | ( | ( |
| ( | | |
| | ||||
Transferred to interest income1 | ( | |
| ( | ( | |
| ( | ||||
Balance as at end of year | ( | ( |
| ( | | |
| | ||||
1. Comparative amounts have been revised to align to current year presentation.
73 |
Note 20. Derivative financial instruments (continued)
There were net gains of $
As disclosed in Note 26, the net loss from changes in the fair value of net investment hedges were $
Hedge effectiveness
Hedge effectiveness is tested prospectively at inception and during the lifetime of hedge relationships. For one-to-one hedge relationships this testing uses a qualitative assessment of matched terms where the critical terms of the derivatives used as the hedging instrument match the terms of the hedged item. In addition, a quantitative effectiveness test is performed for all hedges which could include regression analysis, dollar offset and/or sensitivity analysis.
Retrospective testing is also performed to determine whether the hedge relationship remains highly effective so that hedge accounting can continue to be applied and also to determine any ineffectiveness. These tests are performed using regression analysis and the dollar offset method.
The following tables provide information regarding the determination of hedge effectiveness:
Change in | ||||||||||||
fair value | Change in | |||||||||||
of hedging | value of the | Hedge | ||||||||||
instrument | hedged item | Hedge | ineffectiveness | |||||||||
used for | used for | ineffectiveness | recognised in | |||||||||
Consolidated | calculating | calculating | recognised in | non-interest | ||||||||
$m |
| Hedging instrument |
| Hedged risk |
| ineffectiveness |
| ineffectiveness |
| interest income |
| income |
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| Interest rate risk | ( | | | n/a | |||||
Cash flow hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| FX risk | ( | | - | n/a | |||||
Net investment hedges |
| Forward contracts |
| FX risk |
| ( |
| |
| n/a |
| - |
Total |
|
|
|
|
| ( |
| |
| |
| - |
2022 | ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| Interest rate risk | ( | | ( | n/a | |||||
Cash flow hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| FX risk | | ( | - | n/a | |||||
Net investment hedges |
| Forward contracts |
| FX risk |
| |
| ( |
| n/a |
| - |
Total |
|
|
|
|
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| - |
Parent Entity | ||||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| Interest rate risk | ( | | | n/a | |||||
Cash flow hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| FX risk | ( | | - | n/a | |||||
Net investment hedges |
| Forward contracts |
| FX risk |
| ( |
| |
| n/a |
| - |
Total |
|
|
|
|
| ( |
| |
| |
| - |
2022 | ||||||||||||
Fair value hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| ( |
| |
| |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| Interest rate risk | ( | | ( | n/a | |||||
Cash flow hedges |
| Interest rate swap |
| Interest rate risk |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
| n/a |
| Cross currency swap |
| FX risk | | ( | - | n/a | |||||
Net investment hedges |
| Forward contracts |
| FX risk |
| |
| ( |
| n/a |
| - |
Total |
|
|
|
|
| ( |
| |
| ( |
| - |
74 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk
Financial instruments are fundamental to the Group’s business of providing banking and financial services. The associated financial risks (including credit risk, funding and liquidity risk and market risk) are a significant proportion of the total risks faced by the Group.
This note details the financial risk management policies, practices and quantitative information of the Group’s principal financial risk exposures.
|
| Note | ||
Index | Note name | number | ||
Overview | Risk management frameworks | 21.1 | ||
Credit risk | Refer to Note 11 Credit risk management | 11 | ||
Funding and liquidity risk The risk that Westpac cannot meet its payment obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, tenor and composition of funding and liquidity to support its assets. | Liquidity modelling Sources of funding Assets pledged as collateral Contractual maturity of financial liabilities Expected maturity | 21.2.1 21.2.2 21.2.3 21.2.4 21.2.5 | ||
Market risk The risk of an adverse impact on the Group’s financial performance or financial position resulting from changes in market factors, such as foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices, credit spreads and interest rates. This includes interest rate risk in the banking book which is the risk of loss in earnings or economic value in the banking book as a consequence of movements in interest rates. | Value-at-Risk (VaR) Traded market risk Non-traded market risk | 21.3.1 21.3.2 21.3.3 | ||
IBOR reform | Interest rate benchmark reform | 21.4 |
21.1 Risk management frameworks
The Board is responsible for approving the Westpac Group Risk Management Framework, Westpac Group Risk Management Strategy and Westpac Board Risk Appetite Statement and for monitoring the effectiveness of risk management by the Westpac Group. The Board has delegated to the Board Risk Committee (BRiskC) responsibility to:
| ● | Review and recommend the Westpac Group Risk Management Framework, Westpac Group Risk Management Strategy and Westpac Board Risk Appetite Statement to the Board for approval; |
| ● | Review and monitor the risk profile and controls of the Group consistent with Westpac Group’s Risk Appetite Statement; |
| ● | Approve frameworks, policies and processes for managing risk (consistent with the Westpac Group Risk Management Framework and Westpac Board Risk Appetite Statement); and |
| ● | Review and, where appropriate, approve risks beyond the approval discretion provided to management. |
75 |
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
For each of its primary financial risks, the Group maintains risk management frameworks and a number of supporting policies that define roles and responsibilities, acceptable practices, limits and key controls:
Risk | Risk management framework and controls |
|---|---|
Funding and | ● Funding and liquidity risk is measured and managed in accordance with the policies and processes defined in the Board-approved Liquidity Risk Management Framework which is part of the Westpac Board-approved Risk Management Strategy. ● Responsibility for managing Westpac’s liquidity and funding positions in accordance with the Liquidity Risk Management Framework is delegated to Treasury, under the oversight of Group ALCO and Treasury Risk. ● Westpac’s Liquidity Risk Management Framework sets out Westpac’s funding and liquidity risk appetite, roles and responsibilities of key people managing funding and liquidity risk within Westpac, risk reporting and control processes and limits and targets used to manage Westpac’s balance sheet. ● Treasury undertakes an annual funding review that outlines Westpac’s balance sheet funding strategy over a three year period. This review encompasses trends in global markets, peer analysis, wholesale funding capacity, expected funding requirements and a funding risk analysis. This strategy is continuously reviewed to take account of changing market conditions, investor sentiment and estimations of asset and liability growth rates. ● Westpac monitors the composition and stability of its funding so that it remains within Westpac’s funding risk appetite. This includes compliance with both the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR). ● Westpac holds a portfolio of liquid assets for several purposes, including as a buffer against unforeseen funding requirements. The level of liquid assets held takes into account the liquidity requirements of Westpac’s balance sheet under normal and stress conditions. ● Treasury maintains a contingent funding plan that outlines the steps that should be taken by Westpac in the event of an emerging ‘funding crisis’. The plan is aligned with Westpac’s broader Liquidity Crisis Management Policy which is approved annually by the Board. ● Daily liquidity risk reports are reviewed by the Group’s Treasury and Treasury Risk teams. Liquidity reports are presented to Group ALCO monthly and to the Board quarterly. |
Market risk | ● The Market Risk Framework describes the Group’s approach to managing traded and non- traded market risk. ● Traded market risk includes interest rate, FX, commodity, equity price, credit spread and volatility risks. Non-traded market risk includes interest rate and credit spread risks. ● Market risk is managed using VaR and Stressed VaR (SVaR) limits, Net interest income at risk (NaR) and structural risk limits (including credit spread and interest rate basis point value limits) as well as scenario analysis and stress testing. ● The BRiskC approves the risk appetite for traded and non-traded risks through the use of VaR, SVaR, NaR and specific structural risk limits. This includes separate VaR sub-limits for the trading activities of Financial Markets and Treasury and for non-traded ALM activities. ● Market risk limits are assigned to business management based upon the Bank’s risk appetite and business strategies in addition to the consideration of market liquidity and concentration. ● Market risk positions are managed by the trading desks and ALM unit consistent with their delegated authorities and the nature and scale of the market risks involved. ● Daily monitoring of current exposure and limit utilisation is conducted independently by Market Risk teams, which monitor market risk exposures against VaR and structural risk limits. Daily VaR position reports are produced by risk type, by product lines and by geographic region. Quarterly reports are produced for the Westpac Group Market Risk Committee (MARCO), RISKCO and the BRiskC. ● Daily stress testing and backtesting of VaR results are performed to support model integrity and to analyse extreme or unexpected movements, and the Head of Market, Capital Liquidity Risk has ratified an approved stress escalation framework. ● The BRiskC has approved a framework for profit or loss escalation which considers both single day and 20 day cumulative results. ● Treasury’s ALM unit is responsible for managing the non-traded interest rate risk including risk mitigation through hedging using derivatives. This is overseen by the Market Risk unit and reviewed by Treasury Financial Risk Committee (TRFC), MARCO, RISKCO and BRiskC. The Group ALCO provides additional oversight of non-traded market risk and alignment with Group strategy in reviewing NaR and the durations of capital and non-rate sensitive deposit hedges. |
76 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
21.2 Funding and liquidity risk
21.2.1 Liquidity modelling
In managing liquidity for Westpac, Treasury utilises balance sheet forecasts and the maturity profile of Westpac’s wholesale funding portfolio to project liquidity outcomes. Local liquidity limits are also used by Westpac in applicable jurisdictions to ensure liquidity is managed efficiently and prudently.
In addition, Westpac conducts regular stress testing to assess its ability to meet cash flow obligations under a range of market conditions and scenarios. These scenarios inform liquidity limits and strategic planning.
21.2.2 Sources of funding
Sources of funding are regularly reviewed to maintain a wide diversification by currency, geography, product and term. Sources include, but are not limited to:
| ● | Deposits; |
| ● | Debt issues; |
| ● | Proceeds from sale of marketable securities; |
| ● | Repurchase agreements with central banks; |
| ● | Principal repayments on loans; |
| ● | Interest income; and |
| ● | Fee income. |
Liquid assets
Treasury holds a portfolio of high-quality liquid assets as a buffer against unforeseen funding requirements. These assets are held in cash, or are otherwise eligible for repurchase agreements with the Reserve Bank of Australia or another central bank and include Government, State Government and highly rated investment grade securities. The level of liquid asset holdings is reviewed frequently and is consistent with both the requirements of the balance sheet and market conditions.
A summary of the Group’s liquid asset holdings is as follows:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||||||||
2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
$m |
| Actual |
| Average |
| Actual |
| Average |
| Actual |
| Average |
| Actual |
| Average |
Cash |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
Investment securities | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Other financial assets | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Assets held for sale | - | - | - | | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Total on-balance sheet liquid assets |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
| |
| | |
In addition, the Group has $
Group’s funding composition
The Group monitors the composition and stability of its funding so that it remains within the Group's funding risk appetite. This includes compliance with both the LCR and NSFR.
% |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Customer deposits |
| |
| |
Wholesale term funding with residual maturity greater than 12 months |
| |
| |
Wholesale funding with a residual maturity less than 12 months |
| |
| |
Equity |
| |
| |
Securitisation |
| |
| |
Group’s total funding |
| |
| |
77 |
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
Movements in the Group’s funding composition in 2023 included:
| ● | Customer deposits increased by $ |
| ● | Long-term funding with a residual maturity greater than 12 months accounted for |
| ● | Wholesale funding with a residual maturity less than 12 months accounted for |
| ● | Funding from equity increased by $ |
Borrowings and outstanding issuances from existing debt programs at 30 September 2023 can be found in Notes 12, 13, 14 and 19.
Funding for Lending Programme (FLP)
On 11 November 2020, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) announced a stimulus through the FLP commencing in December 2020. The FLP provided funding to New Zealand banks at the prevailing OCR for a term of
Credit ratings
As at 30 September 2023 the Parent Entity’s credit ratings were:
2023 |
| Short-term |
| Long-term |
| Outlook |
Fitch Ratings |
| F1 | A+ | Stable | ||
Moody’s Investors Service |
| P-1 | Aa3 | Stable | ||
SP Global Ratings |
| A-1+ | AA- | Stable |
78 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
21.2.3 Assets pledged as collateral
The Group and Parent Entity are required to provide collateral (predominantly to other financial institutions), as part of standard terms, to secure liabilities. In addition to assets supporting securitisation and covered bond programs disclosed in Note 15, the carrying value of these financial assets pledged as collateral is:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Cash | | | | | ||||
Cash deposit on stock borrowed |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Securities (including certificates of deposit) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Securities pledged under repurchase agreements |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total amount pledged to secure liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
21.2.4 Contractual maturity of financial liabilities
The following tables present cash flows associated with financial liabilities, payable at the balance sheet date, by remaining contractual maturity. The amounts disclosed in the table are the future contractual undiscounted cash flows, whereas the Group manages inherent liquidity risk based on expected cash flows.
Cash flows associated with financial liabilities include both principal payments as well as fixed or variable interest payments incorporated into the relevant coupon period. Principal payments reflect the earliest contractual maturity date. Derivative liabilities designated for hedging purposes are expected to be held for their remaining contractual lives, and reflect gross cash flows over the remaining contractual term.
Derivatives held for trading and certain liabilities classified in “Other financial liabilities” which are measured at FVIS are not managed for liquidity purposes on the basis of their contractual maturity, and accordingly these liabilities are presented in the up to 1 month column. Only the liabilities that the Group manages based on their contractual maturity are presented on a contractual undiscounted basis in the following tables.
79 |
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
Consolidated |
| Up to |
| Over 1 month |
| Over 3 months |
| Over 1 year |
| Over |
|
|
$m | 1 month | to 3 months | to 1 year | to 5 years | 5 years | Total | ||||||
2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Collateral received |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments: |
| |||||||||||
Held for trading |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (net settled) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled): |
| |||||||||||
Cash outflow |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cash inflow |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Debt issues |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Liabilities held for sale | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||
Total financial liabilities excluding loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undiscounted financial liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |||||||||||
Letters of credit and guarantees |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Commitments to extend credit |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Other | | - | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral received |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| | | | | - | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments: |
| |||||||||||
Held for trading |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (net settled) |
| ( |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled): |
| |||||||||||
Cash outflow |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cash inflow |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Debt issues |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Liabilities held for sale | | - | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total financial liabilities excluding loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undiscounted financial liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |||||||||||
Letters of credit and guarantees |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Commitments to extend credit | |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Other commitments | | - | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
80 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
Parent Entity |
| Up to |
| Over 1 month |
| Over 3 months |
| Over 1 year |
| Over |
|
|
$m | 1 month | to 3 months | to 1 year | to 5 years | 5 years | Total | ||||||
2023 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral received |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities | | | | ( | | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments: |
| |||||||||||
Held for trading |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (net settled) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled): |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cash outflow |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cash inflow |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Debt issues |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Due to subsidiaries |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total financial liabilities excluding loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undiscounted financial liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |||||||||||
Letters of credit and guarantees |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Commitments to extend credit |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Other | | - | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral received |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities | | | | | - | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments: |
| |||||||||||
Held for trading |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (net settled) |
| ( |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Held for hedging purposes (gross settled): |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cash outflow |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cash inflow |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Debt issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Due to subsidiaries |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total financial liabilities excluding loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undiscounted financial liabilities |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |||||||||||
Letters of credit and guarantees |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Commitments to extend credit | |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Other |
| | - | - | - | - | | |||||
Total undiscounted contingent liabilities and commitments |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
81 |
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
21.2.5 Expected maturity
The following tables present the balance sheet based on expected maturity dates. The liability balances in the following tables will not agree to the contractual maturity tables (Note 21.2.4) due to the analysis below being based on expected rather than contractual maturities, the impact of discounting and the exclusion of interest accruals beyond the reporting period. Included in the following tables are equity securities classified as trading securities, investment securities and life insurance assets that have no specific maturity. These assets have been classified based on the expected period of disposal. Deposits are presented in the following table on a contractual basis, however as part of our normal banking operations, the Group would expect a large proportion of these balances to be retained.
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
Consolidated |
| Due within | Greater than | Due within |
| Greater than |
| |||||
$m |
| 12 months |
| 12 months |
| Total |
| 12 months |
| 12 months |
| Total |
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Collateral paid |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| | | | | | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments | | | | | | | ||||||
Investment securities | | | | | | | ||||||
Loans (net of provisions) |
| | | | | | | |||||
Other financial assets |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Investment in associates |
| - | | | - | | | |||||
Assets held for sale | - | - | - | | - | | ||||||
All other assets |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total assets |
| | | | | | | |||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||
Collateral received |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Deposits and other borrowings |
| | | | | | | |||||
Other financial liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments |
| | | | | | | |||||
Debt issues |
| | | | | | | |||||
Liabilities held for sale | - | - | - | | - | | ||||||
All other liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total liabilities excluding loan capital |
| | | | | | | |||||
Loan capital |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Net assets/(liabilities) |
| ( | | | ( | | | |||||
82 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
Parent Entity |
| Due within | Greater than | Due within |
| Greater than |
|
| ||||
$m |
| 12 months |
| 12 months |
| Total |
| 12 months |
| 12 months |
| Total |
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Collateral paid |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| | | | | | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments | | | | | | | ||||||
Investment securities | | | | | | | ||||||
Loans (net of provisions) |
| | | | | | | |||||
Other financial assets |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Due from subsidiaries |
| | | | | | | |||||
Investment in subsidiaries | - | | | - | | | ||||||
Investment in associates |
| - | | | - | | | |||||
All other assets |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total assets |
| | | | | | | |||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||
Collateral received |
| | - | | | - | | |||||
Deposits and other borrowings |
| | | | | | | |||||
Other financial liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Derivative financial instruments |
| | | | | | | |||||
Debt issues |
| | | | | | | |||||
Due to subsidiaries |
| | | | | | | |||||
All other liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total liabilities excluding loan capital |
| | | | | | | |||||
Loan capital |
| | | | | | | |||||
Total liabilities |
| | | | | | | |||||
Net assets/(liabilities) |
| ( | | | ( | | | |||||
21.3 Market risk
21.3.1 Value-at-Risk
The Group uses VaR as one of the mechanisms for controlling both traded and non-traded market risk.
VaR is a statistical estimate of the potential loss in earnings over a specified period of time and to a given level of confidence based on historical market movements. The confidence level indicates the probability that the loss will not exceed the VaR estimate on any given day.
VaR seeks to take account of all material market variables that may cause a change in the value of the portfolio, including interest rates, FX rates, price changes, volatility and the correlations between these variables. Daily monitoring of current exposures and VaR and structural concentration limit utilisation is conducted independently by the Market Risk unit. These limits are supplemented by escalation triggers for material profit or loss, and stress testing of risks beyond the
The key parameters of VaR are:
Holding period |
| |
Confidence level |
| |
Period of historical data used |
|
83 |
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
21.3.2 Traded market risk
The following table depicts the aggregate VaR, by risk type:
Consolidated and Parent Entity | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
$m |
| High |
| Low |
| Average |
| High |
| Low |
| Average |
| High |
| Low |
| Average |
Interest rate risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
FX risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Equity risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Commodity risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Other market risks1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
Diversification effect |
| n/a |
| n/a |
| ( |
| n/a |
| n/a |
| ( |
| n/a |
| n/a |
| ( |
Net market risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||||||
| 1. | Includes prepayment risk and credit spread risk (exposure to movements in generic credit rating bands). |
21.3.3 Non-traded market risk
Non-traded market risk includes Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB) – the risk to net interest income or the economic value on banking book items as a result of interest rate changes.
Net interest income (NII) sensitivity is managed using the Net interest income-at-Risk (NaR) model. The NaR model combines the underlying balance sheet data with assumptions about run-offs, new business, and expected repricing behaviour. This simulates a series of potential NII outcomes, over one to
Net interest income-at-Risk
The following table depicts potential NII outcomes assuming a worst case 100 basis point rate shock (up and down) with a 12 month time horizon (expressed as a percentage of reported NII):
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Maximum | Minimum | Average | Maximum | Minimum | Average | |||||||||||
% (increase)/decrease in NII |
| As at |
| exposure |
| exposure |
| exposure |
| As at |
| exposure |
| exposure |
| exposure |
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( | ||||
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( | |||||
Value at Risk - IRRBB
The table below depicts internal VaR for IRRBB:
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
$m |
| As at |
| High |
| Low |
| Average |
| As at |
| High |
| Low |
| Average |
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
As at 30 September 2023 the Value at Risk – IRRBB for the Parent Entity was $
Risk mitigation
IRRBB stems from the ordinary course of banking activities, including structural interest rate risk (the mismatch between the duration of assets and liabilities) and capital management.
The Group hedges its exposure to such interest rate risk using derivatives. Further details on the Group’s hedge accounting are discussed in Note 20.
The same controls used to monitor traded market risk allow management to monitor and manage IRRBB.
Structural FX risk
Structural FX risk results from the generation of foreign currency denominated earnings and from Westpac’s capital deployed in offshore branches and subsidiaries, where it is denominated in currencies other than Australian dollars. As exchange rates move, the Australian dollar equivalent of offshore earnings and capital is subject to change that could introduce significant variability to the Bank’s reported financial results and capital ratios.
Note 20 includes details of the Group’s ALM activities including details of the hedge accounting and economic hedges used to manage this risk.
84 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 21. Risk management, funding and liquidity risk and market risk (continued)
21.4 Interest rate benchmark reform (IBOR)
In recent years, financial regulators have reviewed the use of Interbank Offered Rates (IBORs) and recommended either a reform of the benchmark rate to reference market observable transactions (e.g. EURIBOR) or a transition of certain IBORs to more observable, risk-free alternative reference rates (ARR).
On 5 March 2021, the UK regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), confirmed the transition dates for LIBORs to ARR. The cessation date for most LIBORs and the non-representative date for both GBP LIBOR and JPY LIBOR for the 1-month, 3-month and 6-month settings was 31 December 2021. The cessation date for certain settings of USD LIBOR (i.e. overnight and 12-months) and for synthetic benchmarks which use USD LIBOR in their calculation process including SGD SOR was 30 June 2023. This is also the non-representative date for USD LIBOR 1-month, 3-month and 6-month settings.
The Group ceased to enter into new contracts referencing these rates and the Group’s existing exposures have either matured or transitioned to an ARR with the exception of a small number of trades with immaterial balances.
85 |
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities
Accounting policy
The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. |
On initial recognition, the transaction price generally represents the fair value of the financial instrument unless there is observable information from an active market to the contrary. Where significant unobservable information is used, the difference between the transaction price and the fair value (day one profit or loss) is recognised in the income statement over the life of the instrument or when the inputs become observable. |
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates |
The majority of valuation models used by the Group employ only observable market data as inputs. However, for certain financial instruments data may be employed which is not readily observable in current markets. |
The availability of observable inputs is influenced by factors such as: |
● Product type; |
● Depth of market activity; |
● Maturity of market models; and |
● Complexity of the transaction. |
Where unobservable market data is used, more judgement is required to determine fair value. The significance of these judgements depends on the significance of the unobservable input to the overall valuation. Unobservable inputs are generally derived from other relevant market data and adjusted against: |
● Standard industry practice; |
● Economic models; and |
● Observed transaction prices. |
In order to determine a reliable fair value for a financial instrument, management may apply adjustments to the techniques previously described. These adjustments reflect the Group’s assessment of factors that market participants would consider in setting the fair value. |
These adjustments incorporate bid/offer spreads, credit valuation adjustments (CVA) and funding valuation adjustments (FVA). |
Fair Valuation Control Framework
The Group uses a Fair Valuation Control Framework where the fair value is either determined or validated by a function independent of the transaction. This framework formalises the policies and procedures used to achieve compliance with relevant accounting, industry and regulatory standards. The framework includes specific controls relating to:
| ● | The revaluation of financial instruments; |
| ● | Independent price verification; |
| ● | Fair value adjustments; and |
| ● | Financial reporting. |
A key element of the framework is the Revaluation Committee, comprising senior valuation specialists from within the Group. The Revaluation Committee reviews the application of the agreed policies and procedures to assess that a fair value measurement basis has been applied.
The method of determining fair value differs depending on the information available.
Fair value hierarchy
A financial instrument’s categorisation within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Group categorises all fair value instruments according to the hierarchy described below.
Valuation techniques
The Group applies market accepted valuation techniques in determining the fair valuation of over the counter (OTC) derivatives. This includes CVA and FVA, which incorporate credit risk and funding costs and benefits that arise in relation to uncollateralised derivative positions, respectively.
86 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
The specific valuation techniques, the observability of the inputs used in valuation models and the subsequent classification for each significant product category are outlined as follows:
Level 1 instruments (Level 1)
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets is based on recent unadjusted quoted prices. These prices are based on actual arm’s length basis transactions.
The valuations of Level 1 instruments require little or no management judgement.
Instrument |
| Balance sheet category |
| Includes |
| Valuation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exchange traded products | Derivatives | Exchange traded interest rate futures and options and commodity and carbon futures | |||||
FX products | Derivatives | FX spot and futures contracts | |||||
Equity products | Derivatives Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Other financial liabilities | Listed equities and equity indices | All these instruments are traded in liquid, active markets where prices are readily observable. No modelling or assumptions are used in the valuation. | ||||
Debt instruments | Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Investment securities Other financial liabilities | Australian Commonwealth and New Zealand government bonds | |||||
Level 2 instruments (Level 2)
The fair value for financial instruments that are not actively traded is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market prices. Valuation techniques include:
| ● | The use of market standard discounting methodologies; |
| ● | Option pricing models; and |
| ● | Other valuation techniques widely used and accepted by market participants. |
Instrument |
| Balance sheet category |
| Includes |
| Valuation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interest rate products | Derivatives | Interest rate and inflation swaps, swaptions, caps, floors, collars and other non-vanilla interest rate derivatives | Industry standard valuation models are used to calculate the expected future value of payments by product, which is discounted back to a present value. The model’s interest rate inputs are benchmark and active quoted interest rates in the swap, bond and futures markets. Interest rate volatilities are sourced from brokers and consensus data providers. If consensus prices are not available, these are classified as Level 3 instruments. | |||
FX products | Derivatives | FX swaps, FX forward contracts, FX options and other non-vanilla FX derivatives | Derived from market observable inputs or consensus pricing providers using industry standard models. If consensus prices are not available, these are classified as Level 3 instruments. | |||
Other credit products | Derivatives | Single name and index credit default swaps (CDS) | Valued using an industry standard model that incorporates the credit spread as its principal input. Credit spreads are obtained from consensus data providers. If consensus prices are not available, these are classified as Level 3 instruments. |
87 |
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Level 2 instruments (Level 2) (continued)
Instrument |
| Balance sheet category |
| Includes |
| Valuation |
Commodity products | Derivatives | Commodity and carbon derivatives | Valued using industry standard models. The models calculate the expected future value of deliveries and payments and discount them back to a present value. The model inputs include forward curves, volatilities implied from market observable inputs, discount curves and underlying spot and futures prices. The significant inputs are market observable or available through a consensus data service. If consensus prices are not available, these are classified as Level 3 instruments. | |||
Equity products | Derivatives | Exchange traded equity options, OTC equity options and equity warrants | Due to low liquidity, exchange traded options are Level 2. Valued using industry standard models based on observable parameters such as stock prices, dividends, volatilities and interest rates. | |||
Asset backed debt instruments | Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Investment securities | Australian residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS) and other asset backed securities (ABS) | Valued using an industry approach to value floating rate debt with prepayment features. Australian RMBS are valued using prices sourced from a consensus data provider. If consensus prices are not available these are classified as Level 3 instruments. | |||
Non-asset backed debt instruments | Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Investment securities Other financial liabilities | State and other government bonds, corporate bonds and commercial paper Repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements over non-asset backed debt securities | Valued using observable market prices, which are sourced from independent pricing services, broker quotes or inter-dealer prices. If prices are not available from these sources, these are classified as Level 3 instruments. | |||
Loans at fair value | Loans | Fixed rate bills and syndicated loans | Discounted cash flow approach, using a discount rate which reflects the terms of the instrument and the timing of cash flows, adjusted for creditworthiness, or expected sale amount. | |||
Certificates of deposit | Deposits and other borrowings | Certificates of deposit | Discounted cash flow using market rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. | |||
Debt issues at fair value | Debt issues | Debt issues | Discounted cash flows, using a discount rate which reflects the terms of the instrument and the timing of cash flows adjusted for market observable changes in Westpac’s implied credit worthiness. |
Level 3 instruments (Level 3)
Financial instruments valued where at least one input that could have a significant effect on the instrument’s valuation is not based on observable market data due to illiquidity or complexity of the product. These inputs are generally derived and extrapolated from other relevant market data and calibrated against current market trends and historical transactions.
These valuations are calculated using a high degree of management judgement.
Instrument |
| Balance sheet category |
| Includes |
| Valuation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Debt instruments | Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Investment securities | Certain debt securities with low observability, usually issued via private placement | These securities are evaluated by an independent pricing service or based on third party revaluations. Due to their illiquidity and/or complexity these are classified as Level 3 assets. | |||
Equity instruments | Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS Investment securities | Strategic equity investments | Valued using valuation techniques appropriate to the instrument, including the use of recent arm’s length transactions where available, discounted cash flow approach or reference to the net assets of the entity. Due to their illiquidity, complexity and/or use of unobservable inputs into valuation models, they are classified as Level 3 assets. |
88 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
The following tables summarise the attribution of financial instruments measured at fair value to the fair value hierarchy.
2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||
$m |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| Total |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| Total |
Consolidated |
| |||||||||||||||
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| | | | | | | | | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Loans |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Total financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings1 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Other financial liabilities2 |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Debt issues3 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities | | | | | | | | | ||||||||
Loans |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Due from subsidiaries | - | | - | | - | | - | | ||||||||
Total financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis | ||||||||||||||||
Deposits and other borrowings1 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Other financial liabilities2 |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| - |
| |
Derivative financial instruments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Debt issues3 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Due to subsidiaries | - | | - | | - | | - | | ||||||||
Total financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | The contractual outstanding amount payable at maturity was $ |
2. | The contractual outstanding amount payable at maturity for the Group is $ |
3. | The contractual outstanding amount payable at maturity was $ |
89 |
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Reconciliation of non-market observables
The following tables summarise the changes in financial instruments measured at fair value derived from non-market observable valuation techniques (Level 3).
| Trading |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
securities and | ||||||||||||
financial assets | Total | Total | ||||||||||
measured | Investment | Level 3 | Level 3 | |||||||||
$m | at FVIS | securities | Other1 | assets | Derivatives | liabilities | ||||||
Consolidated | ||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2021 | | | | | | | ||||||
Gains/(losses) on assets/(gains)/losses on liabilities recognised in: |
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Income statements |
| - | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
OCI | - | | - | | - | - | ||||||
Acquisitions and issues |
| | | | | | | |||||
Disposals and settlements |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Transfer into or out of non-market observables | - | - | - | - | ( | ( | ||||||
Foreign currency translation impacts |
| - | - | ( | ( | - | - | |||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | |||||
Gains/(losses) on assets/(gains)/losses on liabilities recognised in: | ||||||||||||
Income statements | - | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
OCI | - | ( | - | ( | - | - | ||||||
Acquisitions and issues | | | | | | | ||||||
Disposals and settlements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Transfer into or out of non-market observables | ( | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Foreign currency translation impacts | | - | | | - | - | ||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 | | | | | | | ||||||
Unrealised gains/(losses) recognised in the income statements for financial instruments held as at: | ||||||||||||
30 September 2022 | ( | - |
| ( |
| ( | |
| | |||
30 September 2023 |
| ( | - |
| |
| | ( |
| ( |
Parent Entity | ||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2021 |
| | | | | | | |||||
Gains/(losses) on assets/(gains)/losses on liabilities recognised in: |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||
Income statements | - | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
OCI |
| - | | - | | - | - | |||||
Acquisitions and issues |
| | | | | | | |||||
Disposals and settlements |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||
Transfer into or out of non-market observables |
| - | - | - | - | ( | ( | |||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| | | | | | | |||||
Gains/(losses) on assets/(gains)/losses on liabilities recognised in: | ||||||||||||
Income statements | - | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
OCI | - | ( | - | ( | - | - | ||||||
Acquisitions and issues | | | | | | | ||||||
Disposals and settlements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Transfer into or out of non-market observables | ( | - | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||||
Foreign currency translation impacts | | - | - | | - | - | ||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 | | | | | | | ||||||
Unrealised gains/(losses) recognised in the income statements for financial instruments held as at: | ||||||||||||
30 September 2022 | ( | - |
| ( |
| ( |
| |
| | ||
30 September 2023 |
| ( | - |
| |
| |
| ( |
| ( |
1. | Other is comprised of derivative financial assets and certain loans. |
90 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Transfers into and out of Level 3 have occurred due to changes in observability in the significant inputs into the valuation models used to determine the fair value of the related financial instruments. Transfers in and transfers out are reported using the end of month fair values from the month in which the event or change in circumstance that caused the transfer to occur.
Significant unobservable inputs
Sensitivities to reasonably possible changes in non-market observable valuation assumptions would not have a material impact on the Group’s reported results.
Day one profit or loss
The closing balance of unrecognised day one profit for both the and the Entity as at 30 September 2023 was
Financial instruments not measured at fair value
For financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value has been derived as follows:
Instrument |
| Valuation |
Loans | Where available, the fair value of loans is based on observable market transactions, otherwise fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow models. For variable rate loans, the discount rate used is the current effective interest rate. The discount rate applied for fixed rate loans reflects the market rate for the maturity of the loan and the credit worthiness of the borrower. | |
Investment securities | The carrying value approximates the fair value. The balance principally relates to government securities from illiquid markets. Fair value is monitored by reference to recent issuances. | |
Deposits and other borrowings | Fair values of deposit liabilities payable on demand (non-interest bearing, interest bearing and savings deposits) approximate their carrying value. Fair values for term deposits are estimated using discounted cash flows, applying market rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. | |
Debt issues and loan capital | Fair values are calculated using a discounted cash flow model. The discount rates applied reflect the terms of the instruments, the timing of the estimated cash flows and are adjusted for any changes in Westpac’s credit spreads. | |
Assets and liabilities held for sale | Valuation reflects the expected sales price before transaction costs based on the terms of the sales contract. | |
All other financial assets and liabilities | For all other financial assets and liabilities, the carrying value approximates the fair value. These items are either short-term in nature, re-price frequently or are of a high credit rating. |
91 |
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
The following tables summarise the estimated fair value and fair value hierarchy of financial instruments not measured at fair value.
Estimated fair value | ||||||||||
Consolidated | Carrying | |||||||||
$m |
| amount |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| Total |
2023 | ||||||||||
Financial assets not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Collateral paid |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Investment securities |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loans |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial assets not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Collateral received |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Debt issues1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial liabilities not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2022 | ||||||||||
Financial assets not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Collateral paid |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Investment securities | |
| - |
| |
| |
| | |
Loans |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Assets held for sale | | - | | - | | |||||
Total financial assets not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Collateral received |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Debt issues1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Liabilities held for sale | | - | | - | | |||||
Total financial liabilities not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1.The estimated fair values of debt issues and loan capital include the impact of changes in Westpac’s credit spreads since origination.
92 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 22. Fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Estimated fair value | ||||||||||
Parent Entity | Carrying | |||||||||
$m |
| amount |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| Total |
2023 | ||||||||||
Financial assets not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Collateral paid |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Investment securities |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Loans | |
| - |
| - |
| |
| | |
Due from subsidiaries1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial assets not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Collateral received | |
| |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Debt issues2 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Due to subsidiaries |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital2 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial liabilities not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2022 | ||||||||||
Financial assets not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
Collateral paid | |
| |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Investment securities |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loans |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| |
Due from subsidiaries1 |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial assets not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Financial liabilities not measured at fair value | ||||||||||
Collateral received | |
| |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Deposits and other borrowings |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Other financial liabilities |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Debt issues2 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Due to subsidiaries |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Loan capital2 |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Total financial liabilities not measured at fair value |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Due from subsidiaries excluded $ |
2. | The estimated fair values of debt issues and loan capital include the impact of changes in Westpac’s credit spreads since origination. |
93 |
Note 23. Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities
Accounting policy
Financial assets and liabilities are presented net in the balance sheet when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset them in all circumstances and there is an intention to settle the asset and liability on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The gross assets and liabilities behind the net amounts reported in the balance sheet are disclosed in the following tables. |
Some of the Group’s offsetting arrangements are not enforceable in all circumstances. The amounts in the tables below may not tie back to the balance sheet if there are balances which are not subject to offsetting or enforceable netting arrangements. The amounts presented in this note do not represent the credit risk exposure of the Group or Parent Entity. Refer to Note 11 for information on credit risk management. The offsetting and collateral arrangements and other credit risk mitigation strategies used by the Group are further explained in the ‘Management of risk mitigation’ section of Note 11.5.
Amounts subject to enforceable netting arrangements | ||||||||||||||
Effects of offsetting | Amounts subject to enforceable | |||||||||||||
in the balance sheet | netting arrangements but not offset | |||||||||||||
Net amounts | Other | |||||||||||||
reported in | recognised | Financial | ||||||||||||
Consolidated | Gross | Amounts | the balance | financial | Cash | instrument | Net | |||||||
$m |
| amounts |
| offset |
| sheet |
| instruments |
| collateral1,2 |
| collateral |
| amount |
2023 | ||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||
Collateral paid3 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements5 | | - | | - | ( | ( | | |||||||
Loans6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total assets |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||||
Collateral received | | ( | | - | - | - | | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Repurchase agreements7 |
| | - | | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||
Deposits and other borrowings6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral paid3 |
| | ( | | - | - | ( | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements5 | | - | | - | ( | ( | | |||||||
Loans6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total assets |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||||
Collateral received | | ( | | - | - | - | | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Repurchase agreements7 |
| | - | | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||
Deposits and other borrowings6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
1. | $ |
2. | $ |
3. | Gross amounts consist of variation margin held directly with central clearing counterparties. Where variation margin is receivable it is reported as part of collateral paid. Where variation margin is payable it is reported as part of collateral received. Amounts offset relate to variation margin. |
4. | $ |
5. | Reverse repurchase agreements form part of trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS in Note 16. |
6. | Gross amounts consist of debt and interest set-off accounts which meet the requirements for offsetting as described above. These accounts form part of business loans in Note 9 and part of deposits and other borrowings in Note 12. |
7. | Repurchase agreements form part of other financial liabilities in Note 19. |
94 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 23. Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities (continued)
Amounts subject to enforceable netting arrangements | ||||||||||||||
Effects of offsetting | Amounts subject to enforceable | |||||||||||||
in the balance sheet | netting arrangements but not offset | |||||||||||||
Net amounts | Other | |||||||||||||
reported in | recognised | Financial | ||||||||||||
Parent Entity | Gross | Amounts | the balance | financial | Cash | instrument | Net | |||||||
$m |
| amounts |
| offset |
| sheet |
| instruments |
| collateral1,2 |
| collateral |
| amount |
2023 | ||||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||
Collateral paid3 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements5 | | - | | - | ( | ( | | |||||||
Loans6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total assets |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||||
Collateral received | | ( | | - | - | - | | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Repurchase agreements7 |
| | - | | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||
Deposits and other borrowings6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral paid3 |
| | ( | | - | - | ( | | ||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Reverse repurchase agreements5 | | - | | - | ( | ( | | |||||||
Loans6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total assets |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Liabilities |
| |||||||||||||
Collateral received | | ( | | - | - | - | | |||||||
Derivative financial instruments4 |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
Repurchase agreements7 |
| | - | | - | ( | ( | - | ||||||
Deposits and other borrowings6 |
| | ( | | - | - | - | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
| | ( | | ( | ( | ( | | ||||||
1. | $ |
2. | $ |
3. | Gross amounts consist of variation margin held directly with central clearing counterparties. Where variation margin is receivable it is reported as part of collateral paid. Where variation margin is payable it is reported as part of collateral received. Amounts offset relate to variation margin. |
4. | $ |
5. | Reverse repurchase agreements form part of trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS in Note 16. |
6. | Gross amounts consist of debt and interest set-off accounts which meet the requirements for offsetting as described above. These accounts form part of business loans in Note 9 and part of deposits and other borrowings in Note 12. |
7. | Repurchase agreements form part of other financial liabilities in Note 19. |
Other recognised financial instruments
These financial assets and liabilities are subject to master netting agreements which are not enforceable in all circumstances, so they are recognised gross in the balance sheet. The offsetting rights of the master netting arrangements can only be enforced if a predetermined event occurs in the future, such as a counterparty defaulting.
Cash collateral and financial instrument collateral
These amounts are received or pledged under master netting arrangements against the gross amounts of assets and liabilities. Financial instrument collateral typically comprises securities which can be readily liquidated in the event of counterparty default. The offsetting rights of the master netting arrangement can only be enforced if a predetermined event occurs in the future, such as a counterparty defaulting.
95 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, PROVISIONS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Note 24. Intangible assets
Accounting policy
Indefinite life intangible assets | ||
Goodwill | ||
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at cost, generally being the excess of: | ||
(i) The consideration paid; over | ||
(ii) The net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired. | ||
Subsequently, goodwill is not amortised but rather tested for impairment. Impairment is tested at least annually or whenever there is an indication of impairment. An impairment charge is recognised when a cash generating unit’s (CGU) carrying value exceeds its recoverable amount. Recoverable amount means the higher of the CGU’s fair value less costs to sell and its value-in-use. | ||
The Group’s CGUs represent the smallest identifiable group of assets that generate cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. They reflect the level at which the Group monitors and manages its operations. | ||
Brand names | ||
Brand names acquired in a business combination including St.George, BT, BankSA and RAMS, are recognised at cost. Subsequently brand names are not amortised but tested for impairment at least annually or whenever there is an indication of impairment. | ||
Finite life intangible assets | ||
Finite life intangibles, such as computer software, are recognised initially at cost and subsequently at amortised cost less any impairment. | ||
Intangible | Useful life | Depreciation method |
Goodwill | Indefinite | Not applicable |
Brand names | Indefinite | Not applicable |
Computer software | Straight-line or the diminishing balance method (using the Sum of the Years Digits) | |
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates | ||
Judgement is required in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. A different assessment of fair values would have resulted in a different goodwill balance and different post-acquisition performance of the acquired entity. When assessing impairment of intangible assets, significant judgement is needed to determine the appropriate cash flows and discount rates to be applied to the calculations. The significant assumptions applied to the value-in-use calculations are outlined below. For assets other than goodwill, management also assess whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised in prior periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. | ||
96 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 24. Intangible assets (continued)
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Goodwill |
|
| ||||||
Balance as at beginning of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Additions1 | - | | - | | ||||
Impairment | - | ( | - | - | ||||
Balances transferred to assets held for sale (refer to Note 37) | - | ( | - | - | ||||
Other adjustments |
| |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Balance as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Computer software | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Additions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Impairment |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Amortisation |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Other adjustments |
| |
| ( |
| - |
| - |
Balance as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Cost |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Accumulated amortisation and impairment |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Carrying amount |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Brand names | | | | | ||||
Total intangible assets | | | | | ||||
Goodwill has been allocated to the following CGUs: | ||||||||
Consumer | | | | | ||||
Business | | | | | ||||
New Zealand | | | - | - | ||||
Specialist Businesses2 | | | | | ||||
Total goodwill |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 1. | Related to the acquisition of MoneyBrilliant Pty Ltd. |
| 2. | The Specialist Businesses segment comprises individual CGUs (Platforms and Investments) to which goodwill has been allocated. The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to these individual CGUs is not significant compared to the total Group goodwill. |
In addition, brand names of $
97 |
Note 24. Intangible assets (continued)
Impairment testing and results
Impairment testing is performed at least once a year, or whenever there is an indication of impairment, by comparing the recoverable amount of each CGU with the carrying amount. For assets other than goodwill management also assess whether there is any indication that an impairment loss recognised in prior periods may no longer exist or may have decreased. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. The primary test for recoverable amount is determined based on value-in-use which refers to the present value of expected cash flows under its current use. Fair value less costs to sell is also considered for those CGUs where value-in-use is lower than carrying value. In the current year, this was not required to be considered.
In the prior year, a write-down of assets relating to the superannuation business was made in preparation for its exit. This included the write-off of all goodwill attributable to the business of $
Significant assumptions used in recoverable amount calculations
The assumptions made for goodwill impairment testing for each relevant significant CGU are provided in the following table and are based on past experience and management’s expectations for the future. In the current year and given the present economic environment, the Group has reassessed these assumptions and revised them where necessary in order to provide a reasonable estimate of the value-in-use of the CGUs and Group.
Discount rate |
| Cash flows |
| ||||||
Post-tax rate/Pre-tax rate | Forecast period/terminal growth rate |
| |||||||
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| |
Australian CGUs1 |
| ||||||||
New Zealand |
| ||||||||
| 1. | Australian CGUs include Consumer, Business and Specialist Businesses. |
The Group discounts the projected cash flows by its adjusted pre-tax equity rate.
The cash flows used are based on management approved forecasts. These forecasts utilise information about current and future economic conditions, observable historical information and management expectations of future business performance. The terminal growth rate represents the growth rate applied to extrapolate cash flows beyond the forecast period and reflects the lower end of the RBA’s target long-term inflation rate band. For all CGUs tested, the recoverability of goodwill is not reliant on any one particular assumption. There are no reasonably possible changes in assumptions for any significant CGU that would result in an indication of impairment or have a material impact on the Group’s reported results.
98 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments
Accounting policy
Provisions Provisions are recognised for present obligations arising from past events where a payment (or other economic transfer) is likely to be necessary to settle the obligation and can be reliably estimated. Employee benefits – long service leave provision Long service leave is granted to certain employees in Australia and New Zealand. The provision is calculated based on the expected payments. When payments are expected to be more than one year in the future, the provision is discounted to present value using assumptions for expected employee service, utilisation and average salary increases. Employee benefits – annual leave and other employee benefits provision The provision for annual leave and other employee benefits (including wages and salaries, inclusive of non-monetary benefits, and any associated on-costs (e.g. payroll tax)) is calculated based on expected payments. Provision for ECL on credit commitments The Group is committed to provide facilities and guarantees as explained below. If it is probable that a facility will be drawn and the resulting asset will be less than the drawn amount then a provision for impairment is recognised. The provision for ECL is calculated using the methodology described in Note 10. Compliance, Regulation and Remediation provisions The compliance, regulation and remediation provisions relate to matters of potential misconduct in providing services to our customers identified both as a result of regulatory action and internal reviews. An assessment of the likely cost of these matters to the Group (including applicable customer refunds) is made on a case-by-case basis and specific provisions are made where appropriate. Contingent liabilities Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed only by uncertain future events, and present obligations where the transfer of economic resources is not probable or cannot be reliably measured. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the balance sheet but are disclosed unless the outflow of economic resources is remote. Undrawn credit commitments The Group enters into various arrangements with customers which are only recognised in the balance sheet when called upon. These arrangements include commitments to extend credit, bill endorsements, financial guarantees, standby letters of credit and underwriting facilities. Contingent assets Contingent assets are possible assets whose existence will be confirmed only by uncertain future events. Contingent assets are not recognised in the balance sheet but are disclosed if an inflow of economic benefits is probable. Critical accounting assumptions and estimates The financial reporting of provisions for litigation and non-lending losses and for compliance, regulation and remediation matters involves a significant degree of judgement in relation to identifying whether a present obligation exists and also in estimating the probability, timing, nature and quantum of the outflows that may arise from past events. These judgements are made based on the specific facts and circumstances relating to individual events. Provisions carried for long service leave are supported by an independent actuarial report. |
99 |
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Provisions
|
|
| Annual |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
leave | Litigation | Provision for | Compliance, | |||||||||||||
Long | and other | and non- | ECL | Lease | Restructuring | regulation and | ||||||||||
service | employee | lending | on credit | restoration | and other | remediation | ||||||||||
$m | leave | benefits | losses | commitments | obligations | provisions | provisions | Total | ||||||||
Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
Additions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
Utilisation |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | |
Reversal of unutilised provisions |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | |
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
Parent Entity | ||||||||||||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2022 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
Additions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| | |
Utilisation |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| - |
| ( |
| ( | ( |
| ( | |
Reversal of unutilised provisions |
| ( | ( | ( | ( | - | ( | ( | ( | |||||||
Balance as at 30 September 2023 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
| |
Legislative liabilities
The Group had the following assessed liabilities as at 30 September 2023:
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
| ● | $ |
Appropriate provision has been made for these liabilities in the provision for annual leave and other employee benefits above.
100 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Provisions
Compliance, regulation and remediation provisions
Provisions for compliance, regulation and remediation include estimates of:
| ● | Customer refunds associated with matters of potential historical misconduct; |
| ● | Costs of completing remediation programs; and |
| ● | Potential non-lending losses and costs connected with certain litigation and regulatory investigations. |
Customer refunds and program costs
Primary drivers for the addition to the provision during the year include additional estimated refunds to institutional, business and superannuation customers and is inclusive of estimated program costs.
It is possible that the final outcome could be below or above the provision, if the actual outcome differs from the assumptions used in estimating the provision. Remediation processes may change over time as further facts emerge and such changes could result in a change to the final exposure.
Certain litigation
As at 30 September 2023, the Group held provisions in respect of potential non-lending losses and costs connected with certain litigation, including:
| ● | Civil penalty proceedings commenced by ASIC against Westpac on 4 September 2023, alleging contraventions under the National Credit Code (Credit Code) and National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Cth). The proceedings relate to alleged system and operational failures in which ASIC says that Westpac did not respond to 435 online hardship applications between 2015 and 2023 within the time-frames required under the Credit Code. Once identified, Westpac self-reported the incidents to ASIC and is undertaking remediation. ASIC also alleges that Westpac failed to do all things necessary to ensure that credit activities were engaged in efficiently, honestly and fairly; |
| ● | Civil proceedings filed by ASIC against Westpac on 5 May 2021, alleging that it had engaged in insider trading and unconscionable conduct and failed to comply with its Australian financial services licence obligations. The allegations relate to interest rate hedging activity by Westpac on 20 October 2016 connected to an interest rate swap it executed relating to the 2016 Ausgrid privatisation transaction. A hearing date for this matter has been set down for 18 March 2024; and |
| ● | A class action commenced against Westpac and St.George Finance Limited (SGF) on 15 July 2020, in the Supreme Court of Victoria in relation to flex commissions paid to auto dealers from 1 March 2013 to 31 October 2018. This proceeding is one of three class actions commenced against a number of lenders in the auto finance industry. It is alleged that Westpac and SGF are liable for the unfair conduct of dealers acting as credit representatives and engaged in misleading or deceptive conduct. The damages sought are unspecified. Westpac and SGF are defending the proceedings. Westpac no longer pays flex commissions following an industry wide ban issued by ASIC on 1 November 2018. |
There remains uncertainty as to the expense that may be associated with these matters, including the approach that the relevant counterparty or Courts may take in relation to the matter, and the Court’s assessment of applicable fines, penalties, loss or damages. It is possible that the actual aggregate expense to Westpac associated with a Court determined resolution of these matters may be higher or lower than the provision.
Over the financial year ended 30 September 2023, the Group held a provision in respect of potential non-lending losses and costs connected with a class action against Westpac Banking Corporation and two former subsidiaries, Westpac General Insurance Limited (now known as Allianz Australia General Insurance Limited) and Westpac Life Insurance Services Limited (now known as TAL Life Insurance Services Limited) in relation to Westpac’s sale of consumer credit insurance products to customers. Over the course of this financial year, the class action was settled and the proposed settlement was approved by the Federal Court of Australia. As at 30 September 2023, no provision remains in relation to this matter.
Certain of the entities mentioned above are no longer part of the Group following the sale of those entities. Westpac has provided warranties and indemnities to the acquirer for certain pre-completion matters, conduct and risks.
101 |
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Restructuring provisions
The Group carries restructuring provisions for committed business restructures and branch closures. The provisions held primarily relate to separation costs and redundancies. The additions in the current year mostly relates to an organisational restructure that resulted in the removal of approximately
Lease restoration obligations
The lease restoration provision reflects an estimate of the cost of making good leasehold premises at the end of the Group’s property leases. The increase in the expected make-good cost has been treated as an addition to the right-of-use asset and is being depreciated over the remaining life of those assets.
Contingent liabilities
Contingent liabilities are possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed only by uncertain future events and present obligations where the transfer of economic resources is not probable or cannot be reliably measured. Contingent liabilities are not recognised on the balance sheet but are disclosed unless the outflow of economic resource is remote.
Regulatory investigations, reviews and inquiries
Domestic regulators, statutory authorities and other bodies such as ASIC, ACCC, APRA, AUSTRAC, BCCC, AFCA, the OAIC, the ATO and the Fair Work Ombudsman, as well as certain international regulators and other bodies such as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, SEC, FINRA, Financial Markets Authority and Commerce Commission in New Zealand, and BPNG and its Financial Analysis Supervision Unit, from time to time conduct investigations, reviews or inquiries (some of which may be industry wide), covering a range of matters (including potential contraventions and non-compliance) that involve, or may in the future, involve the Group.
These currently include:
| ● | Engagement with regulators in relation to RAMS, including an investigation by ASIC in relation to RAMS Financial Group Pty Limited (RFG) and their representatives in connection with the provision of home loan products, Westpac’s oversight of RFG, and breach reporting; and |
| ● | Regulatory investigations, reviews or inquiries into other areas such as risk governance, employee entitlements, AML/CTF processes and procedures, tax common reporting standards, prudential standards compliance, compliance with industry codes, problem loan management, hardship processes, collections processes, retail deposit pricing, and design and distribution obligations. |
It is uncertain what (if any) actions will result following the conclusion of these investigations or matters. No provisions have yet been made in relation to any financial liability that might arise in the event proceedings are pursued in relation to the matters outlined above, as any potential future liability of that kind cannot be reliably estimated at this time.
Such investigations, reviews or inquiries have previously resulted, and may in the future result in litigation (including class action proceedings and criminal proceedings), significant fines and penalties, infringement notices, enforcement action including enforceable undertakings, requirement to undertake a review, referral to the relevant Commonwealth or State Director of Public Prosecutions for consideration for criminal prosecution, imposition of capital or liquidity requirements, licence revocation, suspension or variation, customer remediation or other sanctions or action being taken by regulators or other parties. Investigations have in some instances resulted, and could in the future result, in findings of a significant number of breaches of obligations. This in turn could lead to significant financial and other penalties. Prior penalties and contraventions by Westpac in relation to similar issues can also affect penalties that may be imposed.
102 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Litigation
There are ongoing Court proceedings, claims and possible claims (including one possible class action) against the Group. Contingent liabilities exist in respect of actual and potential claims and proceedings, including those listed below. An assessment of the Group’s likely loss has been made on a case-by-case basis for the purpose of the financial statements but cannot always be reliably estimated, including in relation to those listed below. As at 30 September 2023, no provision is held for potential losses that may arise in relation to the matters below.
Class actions
In addition to the class action litigation noted under Provisions, above:
| ● | On 5 October 2023 a class action was commenced in the Federal Court of Australia against BT Funds Management Limited (BTFM), Westpac Securities Administration Limited (WSAL) and Westpac Life Insurance Services Limited (now known as TAL Life Insurance Services Limited) (WLIS), a former Group subsidiary. The class action is brought on behalf of superannuation fund members in the period October 2017 to April 2023 and relates to group insurance policies placed by BTFM and WSAL (as superannuation trustees) with WLIS. It is alleged that BTFM and WSAL failed to adhere to a number of obligations owed as superannuation trustees (including under the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth)), and that WLIS was knowingly concerned with the alleged contraventions. The quantum of the claim is unspecified. The proceedings are being defended. |
| ● | Westpac is defending a class action proceeding which was commenced in December 2019 in the Federal Court of Australia on behalf of certain investors who acquired an interest in Westpac securities between 16 December 2013 and 19 November 2019. The proceeding involves allegations relating to market disclosure issues connected to Westpac’s monitoring of financial crime over the relevant period and matters which were the subject of the AUSTRAC civil proceedings. The damages sought on behalf of members of the class have not yet been specified. However, in the course of a procedural hearing in August 2022, the applicant indicated that a preliminary estimate of the losses that may be alleged in respect of a subset of potential group members exceeded $ |
| ● | The class action against BTFM and WLIS (a former Group subsidiary, now known as TAL Life Insurance Services Limited) (together referred to as ‘the respondents’), in relation to aspects of BTFM’s BT Super for Life former cash investment option, has settled pending approval of the Federal Court of Australia. In December 2022, the respondents paid the agreed settlement amount to a trust account held by the solicitors for the applicant, so no provision remains. As at the date of this Report, the proposed settlement has not yet been approved by the Court. Consequently, there remains some uncertainty in respect of the settlement and the actual aggregate expense to Westpac associated with this matter. |
Certain of the entities mentioned above are no longer part of the Group following the sale of those entities. Westpac has provided warranties and indemnities to the acquirer for certain pre-completion matters, conduct and risks.
Internal reviews and remediation
As in prior periods, Westpac is continuing to undertake a number of reviews to identify and resolve issues that have the potential to impact our customers, employees, other stakeholders and reputation. These internal reviews continue to identify issues in respect of which we are taking, or will take, steps to put things right, including so that our customers and employees (as applicable) are not disadvantaged from certain past practices, including by making compensation/ remediation payments and providing refunds where appropriate. These issues include, among other things, processes in relation to employee entitlements; compliance with lending obligations (including responsible lending); conflicts of interest; regulatory reporting; oversight and supervision; sufficiency of training, policies, processes and procedures; AML/ CTF processes and procedures; product disclosure; destruction and retention of personal information; and impacts from inadequate product governance, including the way some product terms and conditions are operationalised. In relation to our New Zealand business, these issues include compliance with the requirements of the New Zealand Credit Contracts and Consumer Finance Act 2003.
In addition, Westpac is currently addressing uplift required in relation to its compliance with the Common Reporting Standard.
By undertaking these reviews, we can also improve our processes and controls, including those of our contractors, agents, and authorised credit representatives. An assessment of the Group’s likely loss has been made on a case-by-case basis for the purpose of the financial statements but cannot always be reliably estimated. Even where Westpac has remediated or compensated customers, employees or issues, there can still be the risk of regulators challenging the basis, scope or pace of remediation, taking enforcement action (including enforceable undertakings and contrition payments), or imposing fines/penalties or other sanctions, including civil or criminal prosecutions. Contingent liabilities may exist in respect of actual or potential claims or proceedings (which could be brought by customers, employees/unions, regulators or criminal prosecutors), compensation/remediation payments and/or refunds identified as part of these reviews.
103 |
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Australian Financial Complaints Authority
Contingent liabilities also exist in relation to customer complaints brought before the Australian Financial Complaints Authority (AFCA). AFCA has the power to make determinations about complaints and can award compensation up to certain thresholds.
The Compensation Scheme of Last Resort (CSLR) was approved by the Australian Parliament in June 2023. The CSLR will facilitate the payment of up to $
Financial Claims Scheme
Under the Financial Claims Scheme (FCS), the Australian Government provides depositors a free guarantee of deposits of up to and including $250,000, per account holder for protected accounts in an eligible ADI. The FCS applies to an eligible ADI if APRA has applied for the winding up of the ADI or a statutory manager (under the Banking Act 1958 (Cth)) is in control of the ADI’s business, and the responsible Australian Government minister has declared that the FCS applies to the ADI.
The Financial Claims Scheme (ADIs) Levy Act 2008 (Cth) provides for the imposition of a levy to fund the excess of certain APRA FCS costs connected to an ADI, including payments by APRA to deposit holders in a failed ADI. The levy would be imposed on liabilities of eligible ADIs to their depositors and cannot be more than 0.5% of the amount of those liabilities. A contingent liability may exist in respect of any levy imposed under the FCS.
Exposures to third parties relating to divested businesses
The Group has potential exposures relating to warranties, indemnities and other commitments it has provided to third parties in connection with various divestments of businesses and assets. The warranties, indemnities and other commitments cover a range of matters, conduct and risks, including certain compliance, regulatory investigations and litigation matters outlined in this Note 25. We have made payments under these indemnities and are in discussions with one or more parties in relation to potential claims under these arrangements.
Contingent tax risk
Tax and regulatory authorities in Australia and in other jurisdictions review, in the normal course of business, the direct and indirect taxation treatment of transactions (both historical and present-day transactions) undertaken by the Group. The Group also responds to various notices and requests for information it receives from tax and regulatory authorities.
These reviews, notices and requests may result in additional tax liabilities (including interest and penalties).
The Group continues to assess these and other taxation matters arising in Australia and elsewhere.
Settlement risk
The Group is subject to a credit risk exposure in the event that another counterparty fails to settle for its payments clearing activities (including foreign exchange). The Group seeks to minimise credit risk arising from settlement risk in the payments system by aligning our processing method with the legal certainty of settlement in the relevant clearing mechanism.
Parent entity guarantees and undertakings to subsidiaries
Consistent with 2022, Westpac Banking Corporation, as the parent entity of the Group, makes the following guarantees and undertakings to its subsidiaries:
| ● | Letters of comfort for certain subsidiaries which recognise that Westpac has a responsibility that those subsidiaries continue to meet their obligations; and |
| ● | Guarantees to certain wholly owned subsidiaries which are Australian financial services or credit licensees to comply with legislative requirements. All but two guarantees are capped at $ |
104 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 25. Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and credit commitments (continued)
Contingent assets
The credit commitments shown in the following table also constitute contingent assets. These commitments would be classified as loans in the balance sheet on the contingent event occurring.
Undrawn credit commitments
The Group enters into various arrangements with customers which are only recognised in the balance sheet when called upon. These arrangements include commitments to extend credit, bill endorsements, financial guarantees, standby letters of credit and underwriting facilities.
They expose the Group to liquidity risk when called upon and also to credit risk if the customer fails to repay the amounts owed at the due date. The maximum exposure to credit loss is the contractual or notional amount of the instruments. Some of the arrangements can be cancelled by the Group at any time and a significant portion is expected to expire without being drawn. The actual liquidity and credit risk exposure varies in line with amounts drawn and may be less than the amounts disclosed.
The Group uses the same credit policies when entering into these arrangements as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Refer to Notes 11 and 21 for further details of liquidity risk and credit risk management.
Undrawn credit commitments excluding derivatives are as follows:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Undrawn credit commitments |
|
| ||||||
Letters of credit and guarantees1 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Commitments to extend credit2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Other |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total undrawn credit commitments |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | Standby letters of credit are undertakings to pay, against presentation documents, an obligation in the event of a default by a customer. Guarantees are unconditional undertakings given to support the obligations of a customer to third parties. The Group may hold cash as collateral for certain guarantees issued. |
2. | Commitments to extend credit include all obligations on the part of the Group to provide credit facilities. As facilities may expire without being drawn upon, the notional amounts do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements. In addition to the commitments disclosed above, $ |
105 |
CAPITAL AND DIVIDENDS
Note 26. Shareholders’ equity
Accounting policy
Share capital Ordinary shares are recognised at the amount paid up per ordinary share, net of directly attributable issue costs. Treasury shares are shares in the Parent Entity, purchased by the Parent Entity or other entities within the Group. These shares are adjusted against share capital as the net of the consideration paid to purchase the shares and, where applicable, any consideration received from the subsequent sale or reissue of these shares. Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests represent the share in the net assets of subsidiaries attributable to equity interests that are not owned directly or indirectly by the Parent Entity. Reserves Foreign currency translation reserve Exchange differences arising on translation of the Group’s foreign operations, and any offsetting gains or losses on hedging the net investment are reflected in the foreign currency translation reserve. A cumulative credit balance in this reserve would not normally be regarded as being available for payment of dividends until such gains are realised and recognised in the income statement on sale or disposal of the foreign operation. Debt securities at FVOCI reserve This reserve comprises the changes in fair value of debt securities measured at FVOCI (except for interest income, impairment charges and FX gains and losses which are recognised in the income statement), net of any related hedge accounting adjustments and tax. These changes are transferred to the income statement when the asset is disposed. Equity securities at FVOCI reserve This reserve comprises the changes in fair value of equity securities measured at FVOCI, net of tax. These changes are not transferred to the income statement when the asset is disposed. Cash flow hedge reserve This comprises the fair value gains and losses associated with the effective portion of designated cash flow hedging instruments, net of tax. Share-based payment reserve This comprises the fair value of equity-settled share-based payments recognised as an expense. Other reserves Other reserves for the Parent Entity relate to certain historic internal group restructurings performed at fair value. The reserve is eliminated on consolidation. Other reserves for the Group consist of transactions relating to changes in the Parent Entity’s ownership of a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control. The amount recorded in other reserves reflects the difference between the amount by which NCI are adjusted and the fair value of any consideration paid or received. |
106 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 26. Shareholders’ equity (continued)
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Share capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary share capital, fully paid | | | | | ||||
Treasury shares1 | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Total share capital | | | | | ||||
NCI | | | - | - | ||||
1. | 2023: |
Ordinary shares
Westpac does not have authorised capital and the ordinary shares have
Each ordinary share entitles the holder to
Reconciliation of movement in number of ordinary shares
Consolidated and Parent Entity | ||||
(number) |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Opening balance |
| |
| |
Dividend reinvestment plan2 |
| |
| - |
Issued shares for the year | | - | ||
Off-market share buy-back3 | - | ( | ||
Closing balance |
| |
| |
2. | DRP participants received shares at an average price per share of $ |
The DRP for the 2022 interim dividend and 2021 final dividend did not impact the number of ordinary shares on issue as Westpac arranged for the purchase of the shares from the market to satisfy the DRP. These DRP resulted in the transfer to DRP participants:
- 2022 interim dividend:
- 2021 final dividend:
3. | In 2022, the Group completed a $ |
Ordinary shares purchased on-market
| 2023 | |||
Consolidated and Parent Entity |
| Number |
| Average Price ($) |
For share-based payment arrangements: |
|
| ||
Employee share plan (ESP) | | | ||
RSP4 | | | ||
Westpac Performance Plan (WPP) - share rights exercised | | | ||
Total number of ordinary shares purchased on market | | - | ||
4. | Ordinary shares allocated to employees under the RSP and EIP are classified as treasury shares until the shares vest. |
For details of the share-based payment arrangements refer to Note 31.
107 |
Note 26. Shareholders’ equity (continued)
Reconciliation of movement in reserves
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Debt securities at FVOCI reserve | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | | ||||
Net gains/(losses) from changes in fair value | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Income tax effect | | | | | ||||
Transferred to income statements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Income tax effect | | | | | ||||
Loss allowance on debt securities measured at FVOCI | | ( | | ( | ||||
Other | ( | | | | ||||
Balance as at end of year | ( | | | | ||||
Equity securities at FVOCI reserve | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | ( | ||||
Net gains/(losses) from changes in fair value | ( | | ( | | ||||
Income tax effect | | - | | - | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | | ( | | ||||
Share-based payment reserve | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | | ||||
Share-based payment expense | | | | | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | | | | ||||
Cash flow hedge reserve1 | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | | | | | ||||
Net gains/(losses) from changes in fair value | ( | | ( | | ||||
Income tax effect | | ( | | ( | ||||
Transferred to income statements | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Income tax effect | | | | | ||||
Balance as at end of year | | | ( | | ||||
Foreign currency translation reserve | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | | ( | | | ||||
Gains/(losses) on net investment hedges | ( | | ( | | ||||
Balance as at end of year | ( | ( | ( | ( | ||||
Other reserves | ||||||||
Balance as at beginning of year | ( | ( | | | ||||
Transactions with owners | ( | - | - | - | ||||
Balance as at end of year | ( | ( | | | ||||
Total reserves | | | | | ||||
1. | Comparative amounts have been revised to align to current year presentation. |
108 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 27. Capital adequacy
APRA is the prudential regulator of ADI’s including Westpac. APRA measures an ADI’s regulatory capital using the following measures:
Level of capital | Definition |
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1) | Comprises the highest quality components of capital that consists of paid-up share capital, retained profits and certain reserves, less certain intangible assets, capitalised expenses and software, and investments and retained profits in insurance and funds management subsidiaries that are not consolidated for capital adequacy purposes. |
Tier 1 Capital | The sum of CET1 and AT1 Capital. AT1 Capital comprises high quality components of capital that consists of certain securities not included in CET1, but which include loss absorbing characteristics. AT1 instruments convert into equity and absorb losses when certain triggers are met. |
Total Regulatory Capital | The sum of Tier 1 Capital and Tier 2 Capital. Tier 2 Capital includes subordinated instruments and other components of capital that, to varying degrees, do not meet the criteria for Tier 1 Capital, but nonetheless contribute to the overall strength of an ADI and its capacity to absorb losses when certain triggers are met. |
Leverage ratio | The Leverage ratio is calculated as Tier 1 Capital divided by the Exposure Measure, where the Exposure Measures consists of on balance sheet items, derivatives exposure, securities financing transaction (SFT) exposures and non- market related off balance sheet exposures. |
Under APRA’s Prudential Standards, Australian ADIs, including Westpac, are required to maintain minimum Prudential Capital Requirements (PCRs) being:
| ● | CET1 Ratio of at least |
| ● | Tier 1 Capital Ratio of at least |
| ● | Total Capital Ratio of at least |
APRA may also require ADIs, including Westpac, to meet PCRs above the industry PCRs. APRA does not allow the PCRs for individual ADIs to be disclosed. APRA also requires ADIs to hold additional CET1 buffers comprising of:
| ● | A capital conservation buffer of |
| ● | Countercyclical capital buffer of |
Collectively, the above buffers are referred to as the “Capital Buffer”. Should the CET1 capital ratio fall within the capital buffer range, restrictions on the distribution of earnings will apply. This includes restrictions on the amount of earnings that can be distributed through dividends, AT1 Capital distributions and discretionary staff bonuses.
The Total CET1 Requirement for Westpac is at least
In addition, APRA’s capital framework also requires an ADI to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of
Capital management strategy
Westpac evaluates its approach to capital management through an Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). Key features include:
| ● | The development of a capital management strategy, including consideration of regulatory capital minimums, capital buffers and contingency plans; |
| ● | Consideration of regulatory capital requirements and the perspectives of external stakeholders including rating agencies as well as equity and debt investors; and |
| ● | A stress testing framework that challenges the capital measures, coverage and capital requirements including the impact of adverse economic scenarios. |
The Board has determined that Westpac will target a CET1 operating capital range of between
1. | Noting that APRA may apply higher requirements for an individual ADI. |
109 |
Note 28. Dividends
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Dividends not recognised at year end |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Since year end the Directors have proposed the following dividends: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Final dividend | |
| |
| |
| |
| | |
Total dividends not recognised at year end |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
The Board has determined a final fully franked dividend of
Shareholders can choose to receive their dividends as cash or reinvest their dividend in additional shares under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
The Board has determined to issue shares to satisfy the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRP) for the 2023 final ordinary dividend. The market price used to determine the number of shares issued under the DRP will be set over the 15 trading days commencing 15 November 2023, with no discount applied.
Details of dividends recognised during the year are provided in the statement of changes in equity.
Australian franking credits available to the Parent Entity for subsequent years are $
New Zealand imputation credits
New Zealand imputation credits of NZ$
110 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GROUP STRUCTURE
Note 29. Investments in subsidiaries and associates
Accounting policy
Subsidiaries |
Westpac’s subsidiaries are entities which it controls and consolidates as it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from the entity, and can affect those returns through its power over the entity. |
When the Group ceases to control a subsidiary, any retained interest in the entity is remeasured to fair value, with any resulting gain or loss recognised in the income statement. |
Changes in the Group’s ownership interest in a subsidiary which do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as transactions with equity holders in their capacity as equity holders. |
In the Parent Entity’s financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are initially recorded at cost and are subsequently held at the lower of cost and recoverable amount. |
All transactions between Group entities are eliminated on consolidation. |
Associates |
Associates are entities in which the Group has significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial policies. The Group accounts for associates using the equity method. The investments are initially recognised at cost (except where recognised at fair value due to a loss of control of a subsidiary), and increased (or decreased) each year by the Group’s share of the associate’s profit (or loss). Dividends received from the associate reduce the investment in the associate. |
Overseas companies predominantly carry on business in the country of incorporation. For unincorporated entities, ‘Country of incorporation’ refers to the country where business is carried on. The financial years of all controlled entities are the same as that of Westpac unless otherwise stated. From time to time, the Group consolidates a number of unit trusts where the Group has variable returns from its involvement with the trusts, and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the trusts. These unit trusts are excluded from the table.
The following table includes the material controlled entities of the Group as at 30 September 2023.
| Country of |
|
| Country of | ||
Name | incorporation | Name | incorporation | |||
Asgard Capital Management Limited |
| Australia |
| Westpac Equity Holdings Pty Limited |
| Australia |
BT Funds Management Limited |
| Australia |
| Westpac Financial Services Group Pty Limited |
| Australia |
BT Portfolio Services Limited |
| Australia |
| Westpac Overseas Holdings No. 2 Pty Limited |
| Australia |
Capital Finance Australia Limited |
| Australia |
| Westpac Securitisation Holdings Pty Limited |
| Australia |
Crusade Trust No.2P of 2008 |
| Australia |
| Westpac New Zealand Group Limited |
| New Zealand |
Series 2008-1M WST Trust |
| Australia |
| Westpac New Zealand Limited |
| New Zealand |
Series 2022-1P WST Trust |
| Australia |
| Westpac NZ Covered Bond Limited1 |
| New Zealand |
St.George Finance Holdings Ltd | Australia | Westpac NZ Securitisation Limited1 | New Zealand | |||
Westpac Term PIE Fund | New Zealand | Westpac Securities NZ Limited | New Zealand | |||
Westpac Covered Bond Trust | Australia | Westpac Bank-PNG-Limited | Papua New Guinea |
| 1. | The Group indirectly owns |
The following controlled entities have been granted relief from compliance with the balance date synchronisation pro-visions in the Corporations Act 2001: Westpac Cash PIE Fund; Westpac Notice Saver PIE Fund; and Westpac Term PIE Fund.
The following material controlled entities are not wholly owned:
Percentage Owned |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Westpac Bank-PNG-Limited |
| |||
Westpac NZ Covered Bond Limited |
| |||
Westpac NZ Securitisation Limited |
|
111 |
Note 29. Investments in subsidiaries and associates (continued)
Non-controlling interests
Details of the balance of NCIs are set out in Note 26. There are
Significant restrictions
There were no significant restrictions on the ability to transfer cash or other assets, pay dividends or other capital distributions, provide or repay loans and advances between the entities within the Group. There were also no significant restrictions on Westpac’s ability to access or use the assets and settle the liabilities of the Group resulting from protective rights of NCIs.
Associates
There are
Changes in ownership of subsidiaries
Businesses acquired during the year ended 30 September 2023
Businesses disposed during the year ended 30 September 2023
Westpac sold its interest in Advance Asset Management Limited on 31 March 2023.
Refer to Notes 35 and 37 for further details of businesses disposed in 2023.
Businesses acquired during the year ended 30 September 2022
During 2022, Westpac acquired MoneyBrilliant Pty Ltd (
Businesses disposed during the year ended 30 September 2022
Westpac sold its interest in the following businesses during the year:
| ● | Westpac Life-NZ- Limited (sold on 28 February 2022); |
| ● | Westpac Motor Vehicle Dealer Finance and Novated Leasing business (sold on 24 March 2022); and |
| ● | Westpac Life Insurance Services Limited (sold on 1 August 2022). |
Businesses disposed during the year ended 30 September 2021
Westpac sold its interest in the following businesses during the year:
| ● | Westpac General Insurance Limited (sold on 1 July 2021); |
| ● | Westpac General Insurance Services Limited (sold on 1 July 2021); |
| ● | Westpac Vendor Finance business (sold on 31 July 2021); and |
| ● | Westpac Lenders Mortgage Insurance Limited (sold on 31 August 2021). |
112 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 30. Structured entities
Accounting policy
Structured entities are generally created to achieve a specific, defined objective and their operations are restricted such as only purchasing specific assets. Structured entities are commonly financed by debt or equity securities that are collateralised by and/or indexed to their underlying assets. The debt and equity securities issued by structured entities may include tranches with varying levels of subordination. |
Structured entities are classified as subsidiaries and consolidated if they meet the definition in Note 29. If the Group does not control a structured entity then it will not be consolidated. |
The Group engages in various transactions with both consolidated and unconsolidated structured entities that are mainly involved in securitisations, asset backed and other financing structures and managed funds.
Consolidated structured entities
Securitisation and covered bonds
The Group uses structured entities to securitise its financial assets, including two covered bond programs, to assign pools of residential mortgages to bankruptcy remote structured entities.
Refer to Note 15 for further details.
Group managed funds
The Group acts as the responsible entity and/or fund manager for various investment management funds. As fund manager, if the Group is deemed to be acting as a principal rather than an agent then it consolidates the fund. The principal versus agent decision requires judgement of whether the Group has sufficient exposure to variable returns.
Non-contractual financial support
The Group does not provide non-contractual financial support to these consolidated structured entities.
Unconsolidated structured entities
The Group has interests in various unconsolidated structured entities including debt or equity instruments, guarantees, liquidity and other credit support arrangements, lending, loan commitments, certain derivatives and investment management agreements.
Interests exclude non-complex derivatives (e.g. interest rate or currency swaps), instruments that create, rather than absorb, variability in the entity (e.g. credit protection under a credit default swap), and lending to a structured entity with recourse to a wider operating entity, not just the structured entity.
The Group’s main interests in unconsolidated structured entities, which arise in the normal course of business, are:
Trading securities | The Group actively trades interests in structured entities and normally has no other involvement with the structured entity. The Group earns interest income on these securities and also recognises fair value changes through trading income in non-interest income. |
Investment securities | The Group holds mortgage-backed securities for liquidity purposes and the Group normally has no other involvement with the structured entity. These assets are highly-rated, investment grade and eligible for repurchase agreements with the RBA or another central bank. The Group earns interest income and net gains or losses on selling these assets are recognised in the income statements. |
Loans and other credit commitments | The Group lends to unconsolidated structured entities, subject to the Group’s collateral and credit approval processes, in order to earn interest and fee income. The structured entities are mainly property trusts, securitisation entities and those associated with project and property financing transactions. |
Investment management agreements | The Group manages funds that provide customers with investment opportunities. The Group also manages superannuation funds for its employees. The Group earns management and performance fee income which is recognised in non-interest income. The Group may also retain units in these investment management funds. The Group earns fund distribution income and recognises fair value movements through non-interest income. |
113 |
Note 30. Structured entities (continued)
The following tables show the Group’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities and its maximum exposure to loss in relation to those interests. The maximum exposure does not take into account any collateral or hedges that will reduce the risk of loss.
| ● | For on-balance sheet instruments, including debt and equity instruments in and loans to unconsolidated structured entities, the maximum exposure to loss is the carrying value. |
| ● | For off-balance sheet instruments, including liquidity facilities, loan and other credit commitments and guarantees, the maximum exposure to loss is the notional amounts. |
| Investment in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
third party | ||||||||||
mortgage and | Interest | |||||||||
other | Financing to | Group | in other | |||||||
Consolidated | asset-backed | securitisation | managed | structured | ||||||
$m | securities1 | vehicles | funds | entities | Total | |||||
2023 | ||||||||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities |
| |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| |
Loans |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Assets held for sale | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
Total on-balance sheet exposures |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total notional amounts of off-balance sheet exposures |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Maximum exposure to loss |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Size of structured entities2 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2022 | ||||||||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS3 |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
Investment securities | |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| | |
Loans3 |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
| |
Other financial assets |
| |
| - |
| |
| - |
| |
Assets held for sale | - | - | | - | | |||||
Total on-balance sheet exposures |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total notional amounts of off-balance sheet exposures3 |
| - |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Maximum exposure to loss3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Size of structured entities2,3 |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
1. | The Group’s interests in third-party mortgages and other asset-backed securities are senior tranches of notes and are investment grade rated. |
2. | Represents either the total assets or market capitalisation of the entity, or if not available, the Group’s total committed exposure (for lending arrangements and external debt and equity holdings), funds under management (for Group managed funds) or the total value of notes on issue (for investments in third-party asset-backed securities). |
3. | Comparative amounts have been revised to align to current year presentation. |
Non-contractual financial support
The Group does not provide non-contractual financial support to these unconsolidated structured entities.
114 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
OTHER
Note 31. Share-based payments
Accounting policy
The Group enters into various share-based payment arrangements with its employees as a component of overall compensation for services provided. Share-based payment arrangements comprise rights to receive shares for free (share rights) and restricted shares (issued at no cost). Share-based payment arrangements typically require a specified period of continuing employment (the service period or vesting period) and may include performance targets (vesting conditions). Specific details of each arrangement are provided below. |
Share-based payments must be classified as either cash-settled or equity-settled arrangements. The Group’s significant arrangements are equity-settled, as the Group is not obliged to settle in cash. |
Share rights |
Share rights are equity-settled arrangements. The fair value is measured at grant date and is recognised as an expense over the service period, with a corresponding increase in the share-based payment reserve in equity. |
The fair values of share rights are estimated at grant date using a binomial/Monte Carlo simulation pricing model which incorporates the vesting and market-related performance targets of the grants. The fair value of share rights excludes non-market vesting conditions such as employees’ continuing employment by the Group. The non-market vesting conditions are instead incorporated in estimating the number of share rights that are expected to vest and are therefore recognised as an expense. At each reporting date the non-market vesting assumptions are revised and the expense recognised each year takes into account the most recent estimates. |
The market-related assumptions are not revised each year as the fair value is not re-estimated after the grant date. |
Up to 1 January 2023 share rights were issued under the Westpac Long Term Variable Reward Plan (LTVR) and Westpac Performance Plan (WPP). From 1 January 2023 share rights are issued under the Equity Incentive Plan (EIP). Refer below for further details. |
Restricted shares |
Restricted shares are accounted for as an equity-settled arrangement. The fair value of shares allocated to employees for nil consideration is recognised as an expense over the vesting period with a corresponding increase in the share-based payments reserve in equity. The fair value of ordinary shares issued to satisfy the obligation to employees is measured at grant date and is recognised as a separate component of equity. |
Up to 1 January 2023 restricted shares were issued under the Restricted Share Plan (RSP). From 1 January 2023 restricted shares will be issued under the Equity Incentive Plan (EIP). Refer below for further details. |
Equity incentive plan (EIP) |
The Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) was introduced effective 1 January 2023 and is a consolidated plan that has replaced the RSP, WPP LTVR plans. Existing allocations under the RSP, WPP and LTVR will continue to be governed by their respective plan rules, however, all grants from 1 January 2023 will be made under the EIP. Securities issued under the EIP include restricted shares, non-performance share rights and performance share rights. The underlying terms of the EIP are similar to RSP, WPP LTVR and are accounted for as equity-settled arrangements in line with the Share rights and Restricted Shares specified above. In respect of the above mentioned plans, the Board has discretion to adjust unvested allocations, including to zero, in specified circumstances. Clawback may also apply to vested awards, to the extent legally permissible and practicable. |
Employee share plan (ESP) |
The value of shares expected to be allocated to employees for nil consideration is recognised as an expense over the financial year and provided for as other employee benefits. The fair value of any ordinary shares issued to satisfy the obligation to employees is recognised in equity. Alternatively, shares may be purchased on-market to satisfy the obligation to employees. |
115 |
Note 31. Share-based payments (continued)
Scheme name | Westpac Long Term Variable | Westpac Performance Plan (WPP)/ | Restricted Share Plan (RSP)/ | Employee Share Plan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of share-based payment | Share rights (allocated at no cost). | Share rights (allocated at no cost). | Westpac ordinary shares (allocated at | Westpac ordinary shares (allocated at |
How it is used | Aligns executive remuneration and accountabilitfvy with shareholder interests over the long term. | Primarily used for mandatory deferral of a portion of short-term variable reward for New Zealand employees and key employees based outside Australia. | Primarily used to reward key employees and for mandatory deferral of a portion of short-term variable reward for certain Australian employees and some other offshore jurisdictions. | To reward eligible Australian employees (unless they have already been provided instruments under another scheme for the previous year). |
Exercise price | Nil | n/a | n/a | |
Performance hurdles1 | Awards from 2020 onwards: relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) over a | None | None | None |
For the 2019 awards: TSR over a | ||||
Service conditions | Continued employment throughout the vesting period or as determined by the Board. | Continued employment throughout the vesting period or as determined by the Board. | Continued employment throughout the restriction period or as determined by the Board. | Shares must normally remain within the ESP for |
Vesting period (period over which expenses are recognised) | Defined period set out at time of grant2. | Defined period set out at time of grant. | ||
Treatment at end of term | Automatically exercised at the end of the term. | Automatically exercised at the end of the term. | Vested shares are released from the RSP at the end of the vesting period. | Shares are released at the end of the restriction period or when the employee leaves Westpac. |
Does the employee receive dividends and voting rights during the vesting period? | No | No | Yes | Yes |
1. | The Board has discretion to adjust the number of restricted shares, non-performance share rights, and performance share rights downwards, including to zero, in specified circumstances including serious misconduct, if serious circumstances or new information come to light which mean that in the Board’s view all or part of the award was not appropriate, or where required by law or prudential standards. The Board will typically apply the adjustment to unvested LTVR where an adjustment to current and deferred STVR is considered insufficient or unavailable. Clawback may also apply to vested LTVR, to the extent legally permissible and practicable. |
| 2. | Vested share rights granted after July 2015 may be exercised up to a maximum of |
116 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 31. Share-based payments (continued)
Each share-based payment scheme is quantified below.
(i) | Westpac Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) - Non-performance Share Rights |
Outstanding | Outstanding | |||||||||||
| as at beginning |
| Granted during |
| Exercised |
| Lapsed during |
| Outstanding as at |
| and exercisable | |
| of year |
| the year |
| during the year |
| the year |
| end of year |
| as at end of year | |
2023 | ||||||||||||
Share rights | ||||||||||||
One-year vesting period | - | | - | - | | - | ||||||
Two-year vesting period | - | | - | - | | - | ||||||
Three-year vesting period | - | | - | - | | - | ||||||
Four-year vesting period | - | | - | - | | - | ||||||
Total share rights | - | | - | - | | - | ||||||
Weighted average remaining contractual life | N/A | |||||||||||
2022 | ||||||||||||
Share rights |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
| - |
The weighted average fair value at grant date of EIP share rights issued during the year was $
There have been
(ii) | Westpac Long-Term Variable Reward Plan (LTVR) |
| Outstanding |
|
|
|
|
| Outstanding | |||||||||
as at beginning | Granted during | Exercised | Lapsed during | Outstanding as at | and exercisable | |||||||||||
of year | the year | during the year | the year | end of year | as at end of year | |||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Share rights |
| | | - | | | - | |||||||||
Weighted average remaining contractual life |
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Share rights |
| | | | | | - | |||||||||
The weighted average fair value at grant date of LTVR share rights issued during the year was $
(iii) | Westpac Performance Plan (WPP) |
| Outstanding |
|
|
|
|
| Outstanding | |||||||||
as at beginning | Granted during | Exercised | Lapsed during | Outstanding as at | and exercisable | |||||||||||
of year | the year | during the year | the year | end of year | as at end of year | |||||||||||
2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Share rights |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||||
One-year vesting period |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Two-year vesting period |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
Three-year vesting period | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Four-year vesting period | | | | | | - | ||||||||||
Five-year vesting period | - | | - | | | - | ||||||||||
Six-year vesting period |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - | ||||
Seven-year vesting period |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
| |
| - | ||||
Total share rights |
| | | | | | | |||||||||
Weighted average remaining contractual life |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||||||
Share rights |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | ||||
The weighted average fair value at grant date of WPP share rights issued during the year was $
117 |
Note 31. Share-based payments (continued)
(iv) | Westpac Equity Incentive Plan (EIP) - Restricted Shares |
Outstanding | Outstanding | |||||||||
as at beginning | Granted during | Forfeited | as at end | |||||||
Allocation date | of year | the year | Released | during the year | of year | |||||
2023 | - | | | - | | |||||
2022 |
| - | - | - | - | - |
The weighted average fair value at grant date of EIP restricted shares issued during the year was $
(v) | Restricted Share Plan (RSP) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Outstanding | Outstanding | |||||||||
as at beginning | Granted during | Forfeited | as at end | |||||||
Allocation date | of year | the year | Released | during the year | of year | |||||
2023 | | | | | | |||||
2022 |
| | | | | |
The weighted average fair value at grant date of RSP shares issued during the year was $
(vi)Employee Share Plan (ESP)
|
|
|
|
| Average |
|
| |||||||
number | ||||||||||||||
of shares | Total number | |||||||||||||
Allocation | Number of | allocated per | of shares | Market | Total | |||||||||
| date |
| participants |
| participant |
| allocated |
| price per share1 |
| fair value | |||
2023 | 24 November 2022 | | | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
2022 |
| 19 November 2021 | | | | $ | | $ | | |||||
1. The market price per share for the allocation is based on the five day volume-weighted average price up to the grant date.
The 2022 ESP award was satisfied through the purchase of shares on-market.
The liability accrued for the ESP at 30 September 2023 was $
(vii) Other plans
Westpac also provides plans for small, specialised parts of the Group. The benefits under these plans are directly linked to growth and performance of the relevant part of the business. The plans, individually and in aggregate, are not material to the Group in terms of expenses and dilution of earnings.
The names of all persons who hold share options and/or rights currently on issue are entered in Westpac’s register of option holders which may be inspected at Link Market Services, Level 12, 680 George Street, Sydney, New South Wales.
(viii) Fair value assumptions
The fair values of share rights have been independently calculated at their respective grant dates.
The fair value of share rights with performance targets based on relative TSR takes into account the average TSR outcome determined using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model.
The fair values of share rights without TSR based performance targets (i.e. share rights with cash ROE performance targets and unhurdled share rights) have been determined with reference to the share price at grant date and a discount rate reflecting the expected dividend yield over their vesting periods.
Other significant assumptions include:
| ● | Risk-free rates of return of |
| ● | The dividend yield on Westpac shares applied to TSR and ROE-hurdled grants was |
| ● | Volatility in Westpac’s TSR of |
| ● | Volatilities of, and correlation factors between, TSR of the comparator group and Westpac for TSR-hurdled grants. |
118 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 32. Superannuation commitments
Accounting policy
The Group recognises an asset or a liability for its defined benefit schemes, being the net of the defined benefit obligations and the fair value of the schemes’ assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated as the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted using high-quality long dated corporate bond rates. |
The superannuation expense is recognised in operating expenses and remeasurements are recognised through OCI. |
Critical accounting assumptions and estimates |
The actuarial valuation of plan obligations is dependent upon a series of assumptions, principally price inflation, salary growth, mortality, morbidity, discount rate and investment returns. Different assumptions could significantly alter the valuation of the plan assets and obligations and the resulting remeasurement recognised in OCI and the superannuation expense recognised in the income statement. |
Westpac had the following defined benefit plans at 30 September 2023:
Date of last actuarial assessment of | ||||||
Name of plan |
| Type |
| Form of benefit |
| the funding status |
Westpac Group Plan (WGP) |
| Defined benefit and accumulation |
| Indexed pension and lump sum |
| 30 June 2021 |
Westpac New Zealand Superannuation Scheme (WNZS) |
| Defined benefit and accumulation |
| Indexed pension and lump sum |
| 30 June 20201 |
Westpac Banking Corporation UK | Defined benefit | Indexed pension and lump sum | 5 April 2021 | |||
Staff Superannuation Scheme (UKSS) |
|
|
| |||
Westpac UK Medical Benefits Scheme |
| Defined benefit |
| Medical benefits |
| n/a |
1. The 2023 final actuarial assessment of the funding status for WNZS will be available by January 2024.
The defined benefit sections of the schemes are closed to new members. The Group has no obligation beyond the annual contributions for the accumulation or defined contribution sections of the schemes.
The WGP is the Group’s principal defined benefit plan and is managed and administered in accordance with the terms of its trust deed and relevant legislation in Australia. Its defined benefit liabilities are based on salary and length of membership for active members and inflation in the case of pensioners.
The defined benefit schemes expose the Group to the following risks:
| ● | Discount rate – reductions in the discount rate would increase the present value of the future payments; |
| ● | Inflation rate – increases in the inflation rate would increase the payments to pensioners; |
| ● | Investment risk – lower investment returns would increase the contributions needed to offset the shortfall; |
| ● | Mortality risk – members may live longer than expected extending the cash flows payable by the Group; |
| ● | Behavioural risk – higher proportion of members taking some of their benefits as a pension rather than a lump sum would increase the cash flows payable by the Group; and |
| ● | Legislative risk – legislative changes could be made which increase the cost of providing defined benefits. |
Investment risk is managed by setting benchmarks for the allocation of plan assets between asset classes. The long-term investment strategy will often adopt relatively high levels of equity investment in order to:
| ● | Secure attractive long-term investment returns; and |
| ● | Provide an opportunity for capital appreciation and dividend growth, which gives some protection against inflation. |
119 |
Note 32. Superannuation commitments (continued)
Funding recommendations for the WGP, WNZS and the UKSS are made based on triennial actuarial valuations. The funding valuations of the defined benefit plans are based on different assumptions to the calculation of the defined benefit surplus/deficit for accounting purposes. Based on the most recent valuations, the defined benefit plan assets are adequate to cover the present value of the accrued benefits of all members with a combined surplus of $
| ● | WGP – contributions are made to the WGP at the rate of |
| ● | WNZS – contributions are made to the WNZS at the rate of |
| ● | UKSS – not required to make contributions under the 2021 actuarial assessment. |
Contributions
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Employer contributions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Member contributions |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Expected employer contributions for the year ended 30 September 2024 are $
Expense recognised
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Current service cost |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net interest cost on net benefit liability |
| ( |
| |
| |
| ( |
| |
Total defined benefit expense |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Defined benefit balances recognised
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
Benefit obligation as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Fair value of plan assets as at end of year |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Net surplus/(deficit) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Defined benefit surplus included in other assets |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Defined benefit deficit included in other liabilities |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
| ( |
Net surplus/(deficit) |
| |
| |
| |
| |
The average duration of the defined benefit obligation is
Significant assumptions
2023 | 2022 | |||||||
Australian | Overseas | Australian | Overseas | |||||
Consolidated and Parent Entity |
| funds |
| funds |
| funds |
| funds |
Discount rate |
|
|
| |||||
Salary increases |
|
|
| |||||
Inflation rate (pensioners received inflationary increase) |
|
|
| |||||
Life expectancy of a 60-year-old male |
|
|
| |||||
Life expectancy of a 60-year-old female |
|
| ||||||
120 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 32. Superannuation commitments (continued)
Sensitivity to changes in significant assumptions
The following table shows the impact of changes in assumptions on the defined benefit obligation for the WGP. No reasonably possible changes in the assumptions of the Group’s other defined benefit plans would have a material impact on the defined benefit obligation.
Increase in obligation | ||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | ||
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
| |
| | |
Asset allocation
The table below provides a breakdown of the schemes’ investments by asset class.
2023 | 2022 | |||||||
Australian | Overseas | Australian | Overseas | |||||
$m |
| funds |
| funds |
| funds |
| funds |
Cash |
| |||||||
Equity instruments |
| |||||||
Debt instruments |
| |||||||
Property |
| |||||||
Other assets |
| |||||||
Total |
| |||||||
Equity and debt instruments are mainly quoted assets while property and other assets are mainly unquoted. Other assets include infrastructure funds and private equity funds.
121 |
Note 33. Auditor’s remuneration
The fees payable to the auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), and overseas firms belonging to the PwC network of firms were:
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$'000 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Audit and audit-related fees |
|
|
|
| ||||
Audit fees |
|
|
|
| ||||
PwC Australia |
| | |
| | | ||
Overseas PwC network firms |
| | |
| | | ||
Total audit fees |
| | |
| | | ||
Audit-related fees |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
PwC Australia |
| | |
| | | ||
Overseas PwC network firms |
| | |
| - | - | ||
Total audit-related fees |
| | |
| | | ||
Total audit and audit-related fees |
| | |
| | | ||
Tax fees |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
PwC Australia |
| - | |
| - | | ||
Total tax fees |
| - | |
| - | | ||
Other fees | ||||||||
Overseas PwC network firms | | - | - | - | ||||
Total other fees | | - | - | - | ||||
Total audit and non-audit fees |
| | |
| | | ||
Fees payable to the auditor have been categorised as follows:
Audit | The year end audit, half-year review and comfort letters associated with debt issues and capital raisings. |
Audit-related | Consultations regarding accounting standards and reporting requirements, regulatory compliance reviews and assurance related to debt and capital offerings. |
Tax | Tax compliance services. |
Other | Review of operational effectiveness of certain system implementations. |
It is Westpac’s policy to engage PwC on assignments additional to its statutory audit duties only if its independence is not impaired or seen to be impaired and where its expertise and experience with Westpac is important. All services were approved by the Board Audit Committee in accordance with Westpac’s Pre-Approval of Engagement of PricewaterhouseCoopers for Audit or Non-Audit Services Policy.
PwC also received fees of $
122 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 34. Related party disclosures
Related parties
Westpac’s related parties are those it controls or can exert significant influence over. Examples include subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures and superannuation plans as well as key management personnel and their related parties.
Key management personnel (KMP)
Key management personnel are those who, directly or indirectly, have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of Westpac. This includes all Executives (other than the Group General Counsel and Chief Transformation Officer) and Non-Executive Directors.
Parent Entity
Westpac Banking Corporation is the ultimate parent company of the Group.
Subsidiaries - Note 29
The Parent Entity has the following related party transactions and balances with subsidiaries:
Type of transaction/balance | Details disclosed in |
Balances due to/from subsidiaries | Balance Sheet |
Dividend income/Transactions with subsidiaries | Note 4 |
Interest income and Interest expense | Note 3 |
Tax consolidated group transactions and undertakings | Note 7 |
Guarantees and undertakings | Note 25 |
The balances due to/from subsidiaries include a wide range of banking and other financial facilities.
The terms and conditions of related party transactions between the Parent Entity and subsidiaries are sometimes different to commercial terms and conditions. Related party transactions between the Parent Entity and subsidiaries eliminate on consolidation.
Associates - Note 29
The Group provides a wide range of banking and other financial facilities and funds management activities to its associates on commercial terms and conditions.
Superannuation plans
The Group contributed $
Remuneration of KMP
Total remuneration of the KMP was:
|
| Post |
| Other long- |
|
|
|
| ||||
Short-term | employment | term | Termination | Share-based | ||||||||
$ | benefits | benefits | benefits | benefits | payments | Total | ||||||
Consolidated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2023 | | | | | | | ||||||
2022 | | | | | | | ||||||
Parent Entity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
2023 | | | | | | | ||||||
2022 | | | | | | |
123 |
Note 34. Related party disclosures (continued)
Other transactions with KMP
KMP receive personal banking and financial investment services from the Group in the ordinary course of business. The terms and conditions, for example interest rates and collateral, and the risks to Westpac are comparable to transactions with other employees and did not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavourable features.
Details of loans provided and the related interest charged to KMP and their related parties are as follows:
| Interest |
|
| Number of | ||
payable for | Closing loan | KMP with | ||||
$ | the year | balance | loans | |||
2023 | | | | |||
20221 | | | |
1. Loan balance as at 30 September 2022 has been revised.
Share rights holdings
For compliance with SEC disclosure requirements, the following table sets out certain details of the performance share rights and unhurdled share rights held at 30 September 2023 by the CEO and other key management personnel (including their related parties):
|
| Number of | ||
Latest Date of Exercise | Share Rights | |||
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Peter King |
| Ranges from 1 October 2034 to 1 October 2037 | | |
Group Executives2 | ||||
Scott Collary |
| Ranges from 1 October 2035 to 1 October 2037 | | |
Carolyn McCann |
| Ranges from 1 October 2034 to 1 October 2037 | | |
Catherine McGrath | Ranges from 1 October 2036 to 1 October 2037 | | ||
Anthony Miller | Ranges from 1 October 2035 to 1 October 2037 | | ||
Christine Parker |
| Ranges from 1 October 2034 to 1 October 2037 | | |
Michael Rowland | Ranges from 1 October 2035 to 1 October 2037 | | ||
Jason Yetton | Ranges from 2 April 2035 to 1 October 2037 | | ||
Ryan Zanin |
| Ranges from 1 October 2036 to 1 October 2037 | | |
Former Group Executive | ||||
Chris De Bruin | Ranges from 1 October 2035 to 1 October 2037 | |
2. References to Group Executives are only to those who are KMP.
The Group has not issued any options during the year and there are
124 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 35. Notes to the cash flow statements
Accounting policy
Cash and balances with central banks include cash held at branches and in ATMs, balances with overseas banks in their local currency and balances with central banks including accounts with the RBA and accounts with overseas central banks. |
Reconciliation of net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities to net profit for the year is set out below.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Profit after income tax expense |
| | | |
| | | |||
Adjustments: |
|
| ||||||||
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment |
| | | |
| | | |||
Impairment charges/(benefits) |
| | | ( |
| | | |||
Net decrease/(increase) in current and deferred tax |
| | | |
| | | |||
(Increase)/decrease in accrued interest receivable |
| ( | ( | |
| ( | ( | |||
(Decrease)/increase in accrued interest payable |
| | | ( |
| | | |||
(Decrease)/increase in provisions |
| ( | ( | ( |
| ( | ( | |||
Other non-cash items |
| ( | | ( |
| ( | ( | |||
Cash flows from operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities |
| | | |
| | | |||
Net (increase)/decrease in: |
|
| ||||||||
Collateral paid | | ( | | | ( | |||||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS |
| ( | ( | |
| ( | ( | |||
Derivative financial instruments | | | ( | | | |||||
Loans |
| ( | ( | ( |
| ( | ( | |||
Other financial assets | | | ( | | ( | |||||
Life insurance assets and life insurance liabilities | - | | ( | - | - | |||||
Other assets |
| | | |
| | | |||
Net increase/(decrease) in: |
|
| ||||||||
Collateral received | ( | | | ( | | |||||
Deposits and other borrowings |
| | | |
| | | |||
Other financial liabilities | ( | | | ( | | |||||
Other liabilities |
| ( | | ( |
| ( | | |||
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities |
| ( | | |
| ( | | |||
125 |
Note 35. Notes to the cash flow statements (continued)
Details of the assets and liabilities over which control ceased
Details of the entities over which control ceased are provided in Note 37.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
Assets |
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Cash and balances with central banks |
| | | |
| - | - | |||
Trading securities and financial assets measured at FVIS | - | - | | - | - | |||||
Loans | - | | | - | | |||||
Other financial assets |
| | | |
| - | - | |||
Life insurance assets | - | | - | - | - | |||||
Property and equipment | - | - | | - | - | |||||
Deferred tax assets | - | | | - | - | |||||
Intangible assets | | - | | - | - | |||||
Other assets | - | | | - | - | |||||
Total assets |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Liabilities |
|
| ||||||||
Other financial liabilities | | | | - | - | |||||
Current tax liabilities | - | | - | - | - | |||||
Life insurance liabilities |
| - | | - |
| - | - | |||
Provisions | | | | - | | |||||
Deferred tax liabilities | - | | - | - | - | |||||
Other liabilities |
| - | | |
| - | - | |||
Total liabilities |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Total equity attributable to owners of WBC |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Cash proceeds received (net of transaction costs) |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Expected receivable (completion settlement)/deferred consideration | - | | | - | | |||||
Total consideration |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Gain/(loss) on disposal |
| | ( | |
| - | | |||
Reconciliation of cash proceeds from disposal: |
| |||||||||
Cash proceeds received (net of transaction costs) |
| | | |
| - | | |||
Less: Cash deconsolidated |
| ( | ( | ( |
| - | - | |||
Cash consideration (paid)/received (net of transaction costs and cash held) |
| | | |
| - | | |||
126 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 35. Notes to the cash flow statements (continued)
Businesses disposed
During the year, Westpac disposed of its
Non-cash investing activities
On 16 June 2022 Westpac Overseas Holdings No. 2 Pty Limited (WOH2PL), paid a dividend of $
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||||
$m |
| 2023 | 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2023 | 2022 | ||
Shares issued under the dividend reinvestment plan |
| | - | |
| | - | |||
Increase in lease liabilities |
| | | |
| | | |||
On 20 July 2022, $
On 23 September 2022, Westpac redeemed the remaining outstanding WCN2.
Cash and balances with central banks
The following table provides the breakdown of cash and cash balances with central banks.
Consolidated | Parent Entity | |||||||
$m |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
| 2023 |
| 2022 |
Cash and cash at bank |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Exchange settlement accounts |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Regulatory deposits with central banks |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Total cash and balances with central banks |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Restricted cash
Certain of our foreign operations are required to maintain reserves or minimum balances with central banks in their respective countries of operation, totalling $
Note 36. Subsequent events
Since 30 September 2023, the Board has determined to pay a fully franked final dividend of
The Board has determined to satisfy the DRP for the 2023 final dividend by arranging for the purchase of existing shares by a third party. The market price used to determine the number of shares allocated to DRP participants will be set over the 15 trading days commencing 15 November 2023 and will not include a discount.
In addition to the final dividend, Westpac has also announced its intention to undertake an on-market buy-back of up to $
No other matters have arisen since the year ended 30 September 2023 which are not otherwise dealt with in this report, that have significantly affected or may significantly affect the operations of the Group, the results of its operations or the state of affairs of the Group in subsequent periods.
127 |
Note 37. Assets and liabilities held for sale
Accounting policy
Assets and liabilities held for sale Non-current assets or disposal groups are classified as held for sale if they will be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. Non-current assets or disposal groups held for sale are measured at the lower of their existing carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for liabilities and certain assets such as deferred tax assets, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement and continue to be recognised at their existing carrying value. An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition. Non-current assets are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet. |
The assets and liabilities of certain businesses were classified as held for sale. As these businesses do not constitute a major line of business for the Group, they have not been classified as discontinued operations.
Transactions completed during 2023
Advance Asset Management Limited and BT Superannuation funds
The sale of Advance Asset Management Limited to Mercer (Australia) completed on 31 March 2023. This sale resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $
Balance sheet presentation
Details of the assets and liabilities held for sale are as follows:
| Consolidated |
| Parent Entity | |||||
$m | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||
Assets held for sale | ||||||||
Other financial assets |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Intangible assets | - | | - | - | ||||
Total assets held for sale |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Liabilities held for sale |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial liabilities |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Provisions |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Total liabilities held for sale |
| - |
| |
| - |
| - |
Directors’ declaration
In the Directors’ opinion:
(a) the financial statements and notes set out in ‘Section 3 - Financial statements’ for the year ended 30 September 2023 are in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001, including:
(i) | complying with Australian Accounting Standards, the Corporations Regulations 2001 (Cth) and other mandatory professional reporting requirements; and |
(ii) | giving a true and fair view of Westpac Banking Corporation (Westpac) and the Group’s financial position as at 30 September 2023 and of their performance for the financial year ended on that date; and |
(b) there are reasonable grounds to believe that Westpac will be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable.
Note 1(a) includes a statement that the financial report also complies with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
The Directors have been given the declaration by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer required by section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001.
This declaration is made in accordance with a resolution of the Directors.
For and on behalf of the Board.
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John McFarlane Sydney 5 November 2023 | Peter King Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer |
STATUTORY STATEMENTS
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting
The following report is required by rules of the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
The management of Westpac is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Westpac as defined in Rule 13a - 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Westpac’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with applicable accounting standards.
Westpac’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Westpac and its consolidated entities; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting standards, and that receipts and expenditures of Westpac are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of Westpac and its consolidated entities; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the assets of Westpac and its consolidated entities that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Westpac management, with the participation of the CEO and CFO, assessed the effectiveness of Westpac’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 September 2023 based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in its 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that Westpac’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 September 2023 was effective.
The effectiveness of Westpac’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 September 2023 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Westpac Banking Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Westpac Banking Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated income statements, statements of comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity and cash flow statements for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2023 in conformity with Australian Accounting Standards as issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing on page 129 of the 2023 Annual Report. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial
PricewaterhouseCoopers, ABN 52 780 433 757
One International Towers Sydney, Watermans Quay, Barangaroo NSW 2000,
GPO BOX 2650 Sydney NSW 2001
T: 1300 799 615, F: 1300 799 618, www.pwc.com.au
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reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Supplemental Information
The parent entity only information on the face of the consolidated financial statements and other parent entity only disclosures in the notes to the financial statements have been subjected to audit procedures performed in conjunction with the audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The supplemental information is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our audit procedures included determining whether the supplemental information reconciles to the consolidated financial statements or the underlying accounting and other records, as applicable, and performing procedures to test the completeness and accuracy of the information presented in the supplemental information. The supplemental information, which is presented for purposes of additional analysis, is presented on a basis that differs from the consolidated financial statements and is not a required part of the consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards as issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board and International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. In our opinion, the parent entity only information on the face of the consolidated financial statements and other parent entity only disclosures in the notes to the financial statements are fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated financial statements as a whole.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments.
132 WESTPAC GROUP 2023 ANNUAL REPORT |
STATUTORY STATEMENTS
The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Provisions for expected credit losses on loans and credit commitments (ECL)
As described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the provision for expected credit losses on loans and credit commitments (ECL) was $4,930 million at 30 September 2023. ECL is a probability- weighted estimate of the cash shortfalls expected to result from defaults over the relevant timeframe determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes and taking into account the time value of money, past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions. Management’s model to estimate the ECL includes critical accounting assumptions to determine when a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) has occurred, estimating forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios and applying a probability weighting to these, and judgemental adjustments to modelled outcomes (overlays).
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the ECL is a critical audit matter were: (i) there was significant judgement and effort in evaluating audit evidence related to the ECL model and assumptions used to estimate the ECL, (ii) there was significant judgement and effort in testing management’s judgements relating to the forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios and the associated weighting applied, (iii) there was a high degree of auditor effort to test critical data elements used in the model, and the model evaluation processes, (iv) there was a high degree of auditor effort required to test relevant IT controls used in determining the ECL, and (v) the nature and extent of audit effort required to test the models, assumptions and judgements required the use of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s ECL estimation process, which included controls over the data, model and assumptions used in determining the ECL as well as relevant IT controls. These procedures also included, among others (i) the involvement of professionals with specialised skill and knowledge to assist in testing management’s process for determining the ECL by evaluating the appropriateness of the models and the reasonableness of the assumptions related to SICR and the forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios, (ii) testing the reasonableness of the probability weights assigned to the forward-looking macroeconomic scenarios, (iii) testing the accuracy and completeness of critical data elements that are inputs used in the ECL model, and (iv) testing the reasonableness and completeness of overlays.
Provisions and contingent liabilities
As described in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded provisions of $2,777 million at September 30, 2023. A portion of the provisions relate to customer refunds associated with matters of potential historical misconduct, costs of completing remediation programs, and potential non-lending losses and costs connected with certain litigation and regulatory investigations. An assessment of the likely cost to the Company of these matters is made on a case-by-case basis and specific provisions or disclosures are made where management considers appropriate. Disclosures are also made in Note 25 for contingent liabilities for possible obligations whose existence will be confirmed only by uncertain future
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events, and present obligations where the transfer of economic resources is not probable or cannot be reliably estimated.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the provisions and contingent liabilities is a critical audit matter were (i) there was significant judgment by management to identify contingent liabilities and quantify the provisions, which included assumptions related to the probability of loss and the timing, nature and quantum of related cash outflows, and (ii) there was a moderate degree of auditor subjectivity and effort in performing procedures and in evaluating audit evidence related to the provisions and key assumptions, and in evaluating the appropriateness of the related disclosures.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management's evaluation of provisions to determine whether a present obligation with a probable cash outflow exists and can be reliably estimated. For contingent liabilities, these procedures also included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management's evaluation, including controls over determining whether or not it is possible that a loss has occurred or whether there is a probable outflow from a present obligation. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating the evidence of management's quantification of provisions and the assumptions applied and (ii) assessing the appropriateness of management’s disclosures.
November 5, 2023
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1968.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS INDEX
1. |
| Constitution (as amended) incorporated by reference to our Form 6-K filed on 15 December 2021. |
4(c).2 | ||
4(c).3 | ||
8. | List of controlled entities – refer to Note 29 to the financial statements in this Annual Report. | |
12. | Certifications pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
13. | ||
15.1 | ||
15.2 | ||
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
Copies of any instrument relating to the long-term debt of Westpac Banking Corporation that is not being attached as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 20-F and which does not exceed 10% of the total consolidated assets of Westpac Banking Corporation will be furnished to the SEC upon request.
Signatures
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorised the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.
WESTPAC BANKING CORPORATION
By: /s/ Michael Clayton
Michael Clayton
General Counsel – Corporate, Treasury and WIB
Dated November 7th 2023