WK 10-Q Quarterly Report March 31, 2017 | Alphaminr
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WK 10-Q Quarter ended March 31, 2017

Balance Sheet
Cash Flow
Income Statement
WORKIVA INC
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________________________
(Mark One)
ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from               to
Commission File Number 001-36773
___________________________________
WORKIVA INC .
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
47-2509828
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010
(888) 275-3125
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(888) 275-3125
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
___________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer ý
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company ý
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes o No ý
As of May 2, 2017, there were approximately 30,533,136 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock and 10,843,888 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding.


WORKIVA INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page


i

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC, as well as in any documents incorporated by reference that describe risks and factors that could cause results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements.
Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after completion of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

ii

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.     Financial Statements
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
As of March 31, 2017
As of December 31, 2016
(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
$
52,204

$
51,281

Marketable securities
12,498

11,435

Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,186 and $900 at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
19,580

22,535

Deferred commissions
1,867

1,864

Other receivables
705

1,545

Prepaid expenses
8,580

9,382

Total current assets
95,434

98,042

Property and equipment, net
41,949

42,590

Intangible assets, net
1,021

1,012

Other assets
1,418

1,499

Total assets
$
139,822

$
143,143

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
$
1,867

$
849

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
14,898

20,695

Deferred revenue
79,087

76,016

Deferred government grant obligation
832

1,022

Current portion of capital lease and financing obligations
1,258

1,285

Current portion of long-term debt
20

20

Total current liabilities
97,962

99,887

Deferred revenue
22,573

21,485

Deferred government grant obligation
653

1,000

Other long-term liabilities
4,092

4,100

Capital lease and financing obligations
19,473

19,743

Long-term debt
53

53

Total liabilities
144,806

146,268

Stockholders’ deficit
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 30,449,500 and 30,369,199 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
30

30

Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 10,867,888 and 10,891,888 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
11

11

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
—

—

Additional paid-in-capital
221,463

217,454

Accumulated deficit
( 226,747
)
( 220,911
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
259

291

Total stockholders’ deficit
( 4,984
)
( 3,125
)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
$
139,822

$
143,143

See accompanying notes.

1

WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Revenue
Subscription and support
$
39,540

$
33,585

Professional services
12,364

10,966

Total revenue
51,904

44,551

Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
7,637

6,918

Professional services
6,581

6,188

Total cost of revenue
14,218

13,106

Gross profit
37,686

31,445

Operating expenses
Research and development
15,536

14,516

Sales and marketing
18,713

20,088

General and administrative
9,421

8,953

Total operating expenses
43,670

43,557

Loss from operations
( 5,984
)
( 12,112
)
Interest expense
( 455
)
( 490
)
Other income, net
612

576

Loss before provision for income taxes
( 5,827
)
( 12,026
)
Provision for income taxes
9

19

Net loss
$
( 5,836
)
$
( 12,045
)
Net loss per common share:
Basic and diluted
$
( 0.14
)
$
( 0.30
)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
41,108,611

40,451,668

See accompanying notes.



2

WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Net loss
$
( 5,836
)
$
( 12,045
)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $2 and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively
( 34
)
( 101
)
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of income tax (expense) benefit of ($2) and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively
2

75

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
( 32
)
( 26
)
Comprehensive loss
$
( 5,868
)
$
( 12,071
)
See accompanying notes.



3

WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three months ended March 31,
2017

2016
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss
$
( 5,836
)
$
( 12,045
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization
891

997

Stock-based compensation expense
4,139

3,390

Provision for doubtful accounts
286

122

Realized gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, net
—

( 2
)
Amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities, net
31

39

Recognition of deferred government grant obligation
( 538
)
( 433
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable
2,686

( 881
)
Deferred commissions
( 2
)
( 12
)
Other receivables
840

( 224
)
Prepaid expenses and other
804

( 186
)
Other assets
( 23
)
( 63
)
Accounts payable
1,017

( 696
)
Deferred revenue
4,096

( 3,215
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
( 5,811
)
( 5,869
)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
2,580

( 19,078
)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment
( 121
)
( 412
)
Purchase of marketable securities
( 4,091
)
—

Maturities of marketable securities
3,001

—

Sale of marketable securities
—

4,793

Purchase of intangible assets
( 31
)
( 55
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
( 1,242
)
4,326

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from option exercises
806

284

Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards
( 936
)
( 761
)
Principal payments on capital lease and financing obligations
( 297
)
( 432
)
Proceeds from government grants
—

183

Net cash used in financing activities
( 427
)
( 726
)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash
12

( 46
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
923

( 15,524
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
51,281

58,750

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
52,204

$
43,226

Supplemental cash flow disclosure
Cash paid for interest
$
298

$
322

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
14

$
8

Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Allowance for tenant improvements
$
—

$
186

Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid
$
—

$
65

See accompanying notes.



4
WORKIVA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries created Wdesk, a collaborative work management platform for organizations to collect, link, report and analyze their business data. Wdesk’s proprietary word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications are integrated and built upon a data management engine, offering synchronized data, controlled collaboration, granular permissions and a full audit trail. We offer Wdesk solutions for a wide range of use cases in the following markets: finance and accounting, audit and internal controls, risk and compliance and operations. Our operational headquarters are located in Ames, Iowa, with additional offices located in the United States, Europe, and Canada.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The financial information presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017 . In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2017 .
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Workiva Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, health insurance claims incurred but not yet reported, collectability of accounts receivable, valuation of available-for-sale marketable securities, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, income taxes and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards. While these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that may affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.



5

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . Under this ASU, entities are permitted to make an accounting policy election to either estimate forfeitures on share-based payment awards, as required by current guidance, or to recognize forfeitures as they occur. The guidance became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted this standard. We elected to recognize forfeitures on share-based payment awards as they occur. The adoption, along with the remaining provisions of ASU 2016-09, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The new standard must be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method, with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial adoption. Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted this standard. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued guidance codified in ASC 606, Revenue Recognition - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition . The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The FASB has issued several amendments and updates to the new revenue standard, including guidance related to when an entity should recognize revenue gross as a principal or net as an agent and how an entity should identify performance obligations.  As amended, ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted for all entities only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Upon adoption of ASU 2014-09, we expect we will be required to view certain of our professional services as being provided over time rather than as of a specific point in time. We expect this may result in some acceleration of revenue recognition. In addition, ASU 2014-09 requires that all incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are recognized as an asset. We expect this will result in an increase in the costs we capitalize. In addition, the guidance requires that these costs are deferred over a term that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the asset relates. We expect this will result in these costs being deferred over a longer period than under current guidance. We are still evaluating the ASU for other potential impacts to our consolidated financial statements. We plan to adopt the guidance as of January 1, 2018 and expect to utilize the modified retrospective transition method. We have a project plan in place for the transition to revenue recognition in accordance with ASC 606 including necessary changes to accounting processes, procedures and internal controls.



6

2. Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Operations Information
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of (in thousands):
March 31, 2017
December 31, 2016
Accrued vacation
$
5,289

$
4,368

Accrued commissions
2,146

2,382

Accrued bonuses
2,909

8,927

Estimated health insurance claims
1,180

1,210

Accrued other liabilities
3,374

3,808

$
14,898

$
20,695


Other Income, net
Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Interest income
$
91

$
83

Income from training reimbursement program
538

433

Other
( 17
)
60

$
612

$
576





7

3. Marketable Securities
At March 31, 2017 , marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized Cost
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. treasury debt securities
$
3,502

$
—

$
( 6
)
$
3,496

U.S. corporate debt securities
9,003

3

( 4
)
9,002

Money market funds
45,230

—

—

45,230

$
57,735

$
3

$
( 10
)
$
57,728

Included in cash and cash equivalents
$
45,230

$
—

$
—

$
45,230

Included in marketable securities
$
12,505

$
3

$
( 10
)
$
12,498


At December 31, 2016 , marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized Cost
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Aggregate Fair Value
U.S. treasury debt securities
$
3,503

$
—

$
( 5
)
$
3,498

U.S. corporate debt securities
7,943

1

( 7
)
7,937

Money market funds
43,496

—

—

43,496

$
54,942

$
1

$
( 12
)
$
54,931

Included in cash and cash equivalents
$
43,496

$
—

$
—

$
43,496

Included in marketable securities
$
11,446

$
1

$
( 12
)
$
11,435


The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2017 , aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
As of March 31, 2017
Less than 12 months
12 months or greater
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
U.S. treasury debt securities
$
3,496

$
( 6
)
$
—

$
—

U.S. corporate debt securities
5,036

( 4
)
—

—

Total
$
8,532

$
( 10
)
$
—

$
—


We do not believe any of the unrealized losses represented an other-than-temporary impairment based on our evaluation of available evidence, which includes our intent as of March 31, 2017 to hold these investments until the cost basis is recovered.
4. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input


8

that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 -
Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 -
Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 -
Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
Financial Assets
Cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA-rated money market funds with overnight liquidity and no stated maturities. We classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
When available, our marketable securities are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. If we are unable to value our marketable securities using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, we value our investments using broker reports that utilize quoted market prices for comparable instruments. We validate, on a sample basis, the derived prices provided by the brokers by comparing their assessment of the fair values of our investments against the fair values of the portfolio balances of another third-party professional pricing service. As of March 31, 2017 , all of our marketable securities were valued using quoted prices for comparable instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 2.
Based on our valuation of our money market funds and marketable securities, we concluded that they are classified in either Level 1 or Level 2 and we have no financial assets measured using Level 3 inputs. The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2017
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016
Description
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Money market funds
$
45,230

$
45,230

$
—

$
43,496

$
43,496

$
—

U.S. treasury debt securities
3,496

—

3,496

3,498

—

3,498

U.S. corporate debt securities
9,002

—

9,002

7,937

—

7,937

$
57,728

$
45,230

$
12,498

$
54,931

$
43,496

$
11,435

Included in cash and cash equivalents
$
45,230

$
43,496

Included in marketable securities
$
12,498

$
11,435


Other Fair Value Measurements
At March 31, 2017 , the fair value of our debt obligations approximated the carrying amount of $ 73,000 . The estimated fair value was based in part on our consideration of incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. We have classified the fair value of our debt obligations as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs.


9

5. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
There have been no material changes in our future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating, capital and financing leases, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 .
Litigation
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
6. Stock-Based Compensation
We grant stock-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants, and to align their financial interests with those of our stockholders. We utilize stock-based compensation in the form of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and options to purchase Class A common stock.
As of March 31, 2017 , awards outstanding under the 2009 Plan consisted of stock options, and awards outstanding under the 2014 Plan consisted of stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units.
As of March 31, 2017 , 2,984,965 shares of Class A common stock were available for grant under the 2014 Plan.
Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was $ 2.6 million , $ 0.6 million , and $ 0.9 million for options to purchase Class A common stock, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was $ 2.2 million , $ 0.8 million and $ 0.3 million for options to purchase Class A common stock, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, respectively.
Stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
$
140

$
118

Professional services
100

122

Operating expenses
Research and development
493

584

Sales and marketing
659

455

General and administrative
2,747

2,111

Total
$
4,139

$
3,390




10

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatilities for publicly traded stock of comparable companies over the estimated expected life of the options. The expected term represents the period of time the options are expected to be outstanding and is based on the “simplified method” as defined by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110 (Topic 14.D.2). We use the “simplified method” due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to otherwise estimate the expected life of the options. The risk-free interest rate is based on yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) with a maturity similar to the estimated expected term of the options. The fair value of our stock options was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Expected term (in years)
6.0 - 6.1
6.0 - 6.1
Risk-free interest rate
2.09% - 2.14%
1.48% - 1.90%
Expected volatility
39.9% - 43.8%
45.0% - 45.3%

Stock Options
The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans for the three months ended March 31, 2017 :




Options

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
7,532,455

$
12.22

7.2
$
19,988

Granted
1,026,053

13.00

Forfeited
( 176,141
)
14.49

Exercised
( 129,172
)
6.24

Outstanding at March 31, 2017
8,253,195

$
12.37

7.3
$
28,611

Exercisable at March 31, 2017
4,685,354

$
10.69

6.2
$
23,743


Options to purchase Class A common stock generally vest over a three - or four -year period and are generally granted for a term of ten years . The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $ 1.0 million and $ 0.6 million , respectively.
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $ 5.78 and $ 6.75 , respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $ 3.2 million and $ 1.6 million , respectively. Total unrecognized compensation expense of $ 21.3 million related to options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.


11

Restricted Stock Awards
We have granted restricted stock awards to our executive officers that vest in three equal annual installments from the date of grant. The recipient of an award of restricted stock under the Plan may vote and receive dividends on the shares of restricted stock covered by the award. The fair value for restricted stock awards is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $ 2.4 million .
The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity under the Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2017 :




Number of Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2016
353,335

$
13.40

Granted
—

—

Forfeited
—

—

Vested
( 176,670
)
13.40

Unvested at March 31, 2017
176,665

$
13.40


Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At March 31, 2017 , there was approximately $ 2.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.8 years.
Restricted Stock Units
We have granted restricted stock units to our executive officers that vest in three equal annual installments from the date of grant and to non-employee members of our Board of Directors with one -year cliff vesting from the date of grant. The recipient of a restricted stock unit award under the Plan will have no rights as a stockholder until share certificates are issued by us, but, at the discretion of our Compensation Committee, has the right to receive a dividend equivalent payment in the form of additional restricted stock units. Additionally, until the shares are issued, they have no voting rights and may not be bought or sold. The fair value for restricted stock units is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was approximately $ 1.6 million . No restricted stock units vested during the three months ended March 31, 2016 .


12

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2017 :




Number of Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2016
381,952

$
15.11

Granted
364,327

13.30

Forfeited
—

—

Vested (1)
( 103,871
)
15.55

Unvested at March 31, 2017
642,408

$
14.01

(1) As of March 31, 2017 , recipients had elected to defer settlement of the vested restricted stock units in accordance with our Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan.
Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At March 31, 2017 , there was approximately $ 7.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.



13

7. Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including our outstanding stock options and stock related to unvested restricted stock awards to the extent dilutive.
The net loss per share is allocated based on the participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares as if the loss for the year has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis.
We consider unvested restricted stock awards granted under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of our declaration of a dividend for common shares. In future periods to the extent we are profitable, we will subtract earnings allocated to these participating securities from net income to determine net income attributable to common stockholders.
A reconciliation of the denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
Three months ended
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2016
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Numerator
Net loss
$
( 4,293
)
$
( 1,543
)
$
( 8,496
)
$
( 3,549
)
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted
30,239,390

10,869,221

28,534,236

11,917,432

Basic and diluted net loss per share
$
( 0.14
)
$
( 0.14
)
$
( 0.30
)
$
( 0.30
)

The anti-dilutive securities excluded from the weighted-average shares used to calculate the diluted net loss per common share were as follows:
As of
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2016
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options
8,253,195

7,500,616

Shares subject to unvested restricted stock awards
176,665

423,360



14

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2017 . In addition to historical consolidated financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC.
Overview
Workiva provides enterprises with cloud solutions for improving productivity, accountability and insight into business data. Workiva created Wdesk, a collaborative work management platform for organizations to collect, link, report and analyze their business data. Wdesk’s proprietary word processing, spreadsheet and presentation applications are integrated and built upon a data management engine, offering synchronized data, controlled collaboration, granular permissions and a full audit trail. Wdesk helps mitigate risk, improves productivity and gives users confidence to make decisions with real-time data. As of March 31, 2017 , we provided our solutions to more than 2,800 enterprise customers, including over 70% of FORTUNE 500 ® companies (1) .
(1) Claim not confirmed by FORTUNE or Time Inc. FORTUNE 500 is a registered trademark of Time Inc. and is used under license. FORTUNE and Time Inc. are not affiliated with, and do not endorse products or services of, Workiva Inc.
Our scalable, enterprise-grade data engine enables users to collect, aggregate and manage their unstructured and structured data in Wdesk. We offer Wdesk solutions for a wide range of use cases in the following markets: finance and accounting, audit and internal controls, risk and compliance and operations. Underlying these solutions is our scalable, enterprise-grade data engine enables users to collect, aggregate and manage their unstructured and structured data in Wdesk.
We operate our business on a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model. Customers enter into quarterly, annual and multi-year subscription contracts to utilize Wdesk. Our subscription fee includes the use of our service and technical support. Our pricing is based primarily on the number of corporate entities, number of users, level of customer support, and length of contract. Our pricing model is scaled to the number of users, so the subscription price per user typically decreases as the number of users increases. We charge customers additional fees primarily for document setup and XBRL tagging services. We generate sales primarily through our direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, customer success and professional services teams. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2016, we began to augment our direct-sales channel with partnerships. Over time, we expect our partners to include technology companies, consultants, service providers and accounting firms. We expect our partners to support our sales efforts through referrals and co-selling arrangements, as well as expand the use of Wdesk through complementary technology offerings and software integrations.
Our integrated platform, subscription-based model, and exceptional customer support have contributed to a low rate of customer turnover while achieving strong revenue growth. Our subscription and support revenue retention rate was 95.1% (excluding add-on seats) for the twelve months ended March 31, 2017 .
We continue to invest in the development of our solutions, infrastructure and sales and marketing to drive long-term growth. Our full-time employee headcount expanded to 1,180 at March 31, 2017 from 1,160 at March 31, 2016 , an increase of 1.7% .
We have achieved significant revenue growth in recent periods. Our revenue grew to $51.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 from $44.6 million during the three months ended March 31,


15

2016 . We incurred net losses of $5.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to $12.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 .
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. We will cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest of (i) December 31, 2019, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue is $1 billion or more, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous rolling three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in nonconvertible debt securities or (iv) the date on which we qualify as a “large accelerated filer” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
New customers . We employ a “land-and-expand” sales strategy that focuses on acquiring new customers through our direct sales model and building our relationships with existing customers over time. Acquiring new customers is a key component of our continued success in the marketplace, growth opportunity and future revenue. We have aggressively invested in and intend to continue to invest in our direct sales force.
Further penetration of existing customers . Our account management teams seek to generate additional revenue from our customers by adding seats to existing subscriptions and by signing new subscriptions for additional business solutions on our platform. We believe a significant opportunity exists for us to sell additional subscriptions to current customers as they become more familiar with our platform and adopt our solutions to address additional business use cases.
Investment in growth . We plan to continue to increase our headcount and develop software to both enhance our current offerings and build new features. As a result, we expect our total operating expenses to increase. In addition, we expect to continue to invest in our sales, marketing and customer success organizations to drive additional revenue and support the growth of our customer base. Investments we make in our sales and marketing and research and development organizations will occur in advance of experiencing any benefits from such investments.
Seasonality . Our revenue from professional services has some degree of seasonality. Many of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K, often in the first calendar quarter. As our non-SEC offerings continue to grow, we expect our professional services revenue to continue to become less seasonal. Our sales and marketing expense also has some degree of seasonality. Sales and marketing expense is generally higher in the third quarter since we hold our annual user conference in September. In addition, we typically pay cash bonuses to employees in the first quarter, resulting in some seasonality in operating cash flow.


16

Key Performance Indicators
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
(dollars in thousands)
Financial metrics
Total revenue
$
51,904

$
44,551

Percentage increase in total revenue
16.5
%
26.7
%
Subscription and support revenue
$
39,540

$
33,585

Percentage increase in subscription and support revenue
17.7
%
27.9
%
Subscription and support as a percent of total revenue
76.2
%
75.4
%
As of March 31,
2017
2016
Operating metrics
Number of customers
2,825
2,557
Subscription and support revenue retention rate
95.1%
96.1%
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons
106.6%
112.1%
Total customers . We believe total number of customers is a key indicator of our financial success and future revenue potential. We define a customer as an entity with an active subscription contract as of the measurement date. Our customer is typically a parent company or, in a few cases, a significant subsidiary that works with us directly. Companies with publicly listed securities account for a substantial majority of our customers.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate . We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the first month of the measurement period for only those customers in place throughout the entire measurement period, thereby excluding any attrition. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the first month of the measurement period for all customers in place at the beginning of the measurement period. The measurement period is based on the trailing twelve months.
Our subscription and support revenue retention rate was 95.1% at the March 2017 measurement date, down from 96.1% as of March 2016 . We believe that our success in maintaining a high rate of revenue retention is attributable primarily to our robust technology platform and strong customer service. Customers being acquired or ceasing to file SEC reports has been the largest contributing factor to our revenue attrition.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons . Add-on revenue includes the change in both seats purchased and seat pricing for existing customers. We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the last month of the measurement period for only those customers in place throughout the entire measurement period. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the first month of the measurement period for all customers in place at the beginning of the measurement period. The measurement period is based on the trailing twelve months.
Our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons was 106.6% at the March 2017 measurement date, down from 112.1% as of March 2016 . As we pursue larger opportunities, we are seeing lengthening and more complex sales cycles.


17

Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions to our cloud-based software and the delivery of professional services. We serve a wide range of customers in many industries, and our revenue is not concentrated with any single customer or small group of customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 , no single customer represented more than 1% of our revenue, and our largest ten customers accounted for less than 6% of our revenue in the aggregate.
We generate sales directly through our sales force or through our partners. We also identify some sales opportunities with existing customers through our customer success and professional services teams.
Our customer contracts typically range in length from three to 36 months. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return. We typically invoice our customers for subscription fees in advance on a quarterly, annual, two-year or three-year basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription term. In 2015, we began to move toward a standard minimum subscription term of one year and plan to convert most of our quarterly contracts to annual over the next few years. In addition, we continue to offer limited incentives for customers to enter into contract terms of more than one year, typically for terms of two or three years. Unpaid invoice amounts for services starting in future periods are excluded from accounts receivable and deferred revenue. Invoiced amounts are reflected as accounts receivable once we have initiated services with an offset to deferred revenue or revenue depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met.
Subscription and Support Revenue . We recognize the aggregate minimum subscription and support fees ratably on a straight-line basis over the subscription term, provided that an enforceable contract has been signed by both parties, access to our SaaS solutions has been granted to the customer, the fee for the subscription and support is fixed or determinable, and collection is reasonably assured.
Professional Services Revenue . We believe our professional services facilitate the sale of our subscription service to certain customers. To date, most of our professional services have consisted of document set up, XBRL tagging, and consulting with our customers on business processes and best practices for using Wdesk.  Our professional services are not required for customers to utilize our solution. We recognize revenue for our professional services contracts when the services are performed.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with our professional services, customer success teams and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs and facility costs. Costs of server usage are comprised primarily of fees paid to Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services.
Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions, travel, and stock-based compensation. Other costs included in this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product marketing, information technology costs and facility costs. We capitalize and amortize sales commissions that are directly attributable to a contract over the lesser of twelve months or the non-cancelable term of the customer contract based on the terms of our commission arrangements.


18

Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; costs of server usage by our developers; information technology costs; and facility costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for our executive, finance and accounting, legal, human resources, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; legal, accounting, and other professional service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.


19

Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription and support
$
39,540

$
33,585

Professional services
12,364

10,966

Total revenue
51,904

44,551

Cost of revenue
Subscription and support (1)
7,637

6,918

Professional services (1)
6,581

6,188

Total cost of revenue
14,218

13,106

Gross profit
37,686

31,445

Operating expenses
Research and development (1)
15,536

14,516

Sales and marketing (1)
18,713

20,088

General and administrative (1)
9,421

8,953

Total operating expenses
43,670

43,557

Loss from operations
(5,984
)
(12,112
)
Interest expense
(455
)
(490
)
Other income, net
612

576

Loss before provision for income taxes
(5,827
)
(12,026
)
Provision for income taxes
9

19

Net loss
$
(5,836
)
$
(12,045
)
(1)     Stock-based compensation expense included in these line items was as follows:
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
$
140

$
118

Professional services
100

122

Operating expenses
Research and development
493

584

Sales and marketing
659

455

General and administrative
2,747

2,111

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
4,139

$
3,390



20

The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of revenue for each of the periods indicated:
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
Revenue
Subscription and support
76.2
%
75.4
%
Professional services
23.8

24.6

Total revenue
100.0

100.0

Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
14.7

15.5

Professional services
12.7

13.9

Total cost of revenue
27.4

29.4

Gross profit
72.6

70.6

Operating expenses
Research and development
29.9

32.6

Sales and marketing
36.1

45.1

General and administrative
18.2

20.1

Total operating expenses
84.2

97.8

Loss from operations
(11.6
)
(27.2
)
Interest expense
(0.9
)
(1.1
)
Other income, net
1.2

1.3

Loss before provision for income taxes
(11.3
)
(27.0
)
Benefit for income taxes
—

—

Net loss
(11.3
)%
(27.0
)%
Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016
Revenue
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription and support
$
39,540

$
33,585

17.7%
Professional services
12,364

10,966

12.7%
Total revenue
$
51,904

$
44,551

16.5%
Total revenue increased $7.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to a $6.0 million increase in subscription and support revenue. Of the total gain in subscription and support revenue, 55.2% represented revenue from new customers acquired after March 31, 2016 and 44.8% represented revenue from existing customers at or prior to March 31, 2016 . The total number of our customers expanded 10.5% from March 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017 .


21

Cost of Revenue
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Subscription and support
$
7,637

$
6,918

10.4%
Professional services
6,581

6,188

6.4%
Total cost of revenue
$
14,218

$
13,106

8.5%
Cost of revenue increased $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 versus the same quarter a year ago, attributable primarily to an aggregate increase in employee compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $0.9 million . Headcount growth was the primary driver of the personnel-related costs. Expenses related to subscription and support rose 10.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago, due primarily to an increase in headcount and employee compensation. Professional services expense expanded 6.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2017 versus the same period a year ago due primarily to an increase in employee compensation to handle the growing demand for our services.
Operating Expenses
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Operating expenses
Research and development
$
15,536

$
14,516

7.0%
Sales and marketing
18,713

20,088

(6.8)%
General and administrative
9,421

8,953

5.2%
Total operating expenses
$
43,670

$
43,557

0.3%
Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to $0.6 million in higher employee cash-based compensation and benefits.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses decreased $1.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016 , due primarily to a $1.0 million reduction in employee cash-based compensation, benefits and travel costs largely due to the simplification of the sales organization.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses increased $0.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same quarter a year ago, due principally to higher employee cash-based compensation and benefits of $0.6 million and additional employee stock-based compensation of $0.6 million partially offset by a reduction in employee travel expenses of $0.4 million .


22

Non-Operating Income (Expenses)
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense
$
(455
)
$
(490
)
Other income, net
612

576

Interest Expense and Other Income, Net
Both interest expense and other income, net remained relatively flat during the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period a year ago.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Three months ended March 31,
2017
2016
(in thousands)
Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities
$
2,580

$
(19,078
)
Cash flow (used in) provided by investing activities
(1,242
)
4,326

Cash flow used in financing activities
(427
)
(726
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, net of impact of exchange rates
$
923

$
(15,524
)
As of March 31, 2017 , our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $64.7 million . To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the proceeds of our initial public offering, private placements of equity, debt that was settled in equity and cash from operating activities. We have generated significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as reflected in our accumulated deficit and consolidated statements of cash flows. We expect to continue to incur operating losses and may incur negative cash flows from operations in the future. As a result, we may require additional capital resources to continue to grow our business. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, cash to be received from existing and new customers, and availability under our existing credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.
In August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. Borrowing capacity is equal to the most recent month’s subscription and support revenue multiplied by a percentage that adjusts based on the prior quarter’s customer retention rate. The credit facility can be used to fund working capital and general business requirements. The credit facility is secured by all of our assets, has first priority over our other debt obligations, and requires us to maintain certain financial covenants, including the maintenance of at least $5.0 million of cash on hand or unused borrowing capacity. The credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, effect changes in management and enter into new businesses. The credit facility has a variable interest rate equal to the bank’s prime lending rate with interest payable monthly and the principal balance due at maturity. We amended the credit facility in April 2016 to extend the maturity date to August 2018. No amount was outstanding under the credit facility as of March 31, 2017 .


23

Operating Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2017 , cash provided by operating activities was $2.6 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $5.8 million , adjusted for $0.9 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $4.1 million of stock-based compensation, and a $4.1 million increase in deferred revenue. Short-term deferred revenue from subscription and support contracts increased $4.5 million from December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017 . Long-term deferred revenue from subscription and support contracts increased by $1.0 million from December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017 . In addition, short-term deferred revenue from professional services decreased by $1.4 million from December 31, 2016 to March 31, 2017 . New and existing customer sales along with contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. In addition, a $5.8 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities was partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $1.0 million increase in accounts payable. The decrease in accounts receivable and increase in accounts payable were primarily attributable to the timing of our billings, cash collections, and cash payments while the decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities was attributable primarily to the timing of our payment of annual bonuses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2016 , cash used in operating activities was $19.1 million . The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $12.0 million , adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.0 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, and $3.4 million of stock-based compensation. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $0.9 million increase in accounts receivable, a $3.2 million decrease in deferred revenue, a $5.9 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities and a $0.7 million decrease in accounts payable. Short-term deferred revenue from subscription and support contracts decreased by $0.3 million from December 31, 2015 to March 31, 2016 . Long-term deferred revenue from subscription and support contracts decreased by $0.4 million from December 31, 2015 to March 31, 2016 . In addition, short-term deferred revenue from professional services decreased by $2.3 million from December 31, 2015 to March 31, 2016 . The increase in accounts receivable was primarily attributable to the timing of our billings and cash collections, while the decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other were attributable primarily to the timing of our cash payments, including payment of annual bonuses.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was due primarily to $4.1 million for the purchase of marketable securities partially offset by proceeds of $3.0 million from maturities of marketable securities.
Cash provided by investing activities of $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due primarily to proceeds of $4.8 million from the sale of marketable securities, which was partially offset by $0.4 million of capital expenditures. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of expanding our infrastructure and work force.
Financing Activities
Cash used in financing activities of $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was due primarily to $0.9 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $0.3 million in payments on capital lease and financing obligations, partially offset by $0.8 million in proceeds from option exercises.
Cash used in financing activities of $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due primarily to $0.8 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlements of stock-based compensation


24

awards and $0.4 million in repayments on long-term debt and payments on capital lease and financing obligations, partially offset by $0.3 million in proceeds from option exercises.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There were no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017 .
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During all periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in those types of relationships.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017 , there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017 .


25

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see “Item 7A., Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 . Our exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2016 .


26

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are intended to provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Based on management’s evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that there has not been any material change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


27

Part II. Other Information
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that in the opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes during fiscal 2017 to the risk factors that were included in the Form 10-K.


28

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds
Sales of Unregistered Securities
Not applicable.
Use of Proceeds from Public Offerings of Common Stock
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act on December 12, 2014.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases of shares of our Class A Common Stock during the three months ended March 31, 2017 related to shares withheld upon vesting of restricted stock awards for tax withholding obligations:
Date
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid Per Share
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Program
January 2017
—

—

—

—

February 2017
72,871

$
12.85

—

—

March 2017
—

—

—

—

Total
72,871

$
12.85

—

—

(1) Total number of shares delivered to us by employees to satisfy the mandatory tax withholding requirement upon vesting of stock-based compensation awards.

Item 6.    Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index immediately following the signature page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


29

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 4th day of May, 2017.
WORKIVA INC.
By:
/s/ Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
Name:
Matthew M. Rizai, Ph.D.
Title:
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
By:
/s/ J. Stuart Miller
Name:
J. Stuart Miller
Title:
Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
By:
/s/ Jill Klindt
Name:
Jill Klindt
Title:
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer



S-1

EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit
Number
Description
31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS
XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.



E-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS