WTBA 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025 | Alphaminr
WEST BANCORPORATION INC
ALPHAMINR

WTBA 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Balance Sheet
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Income Statement
WEST BANCORPORATION INC
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 0-49677

WEST BANCORPORATION, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Iowa 42-1230603
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3330 Westown Parkway , West Des Moines , Iowa
50266
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (515) 222-2300

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value WTBA The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐
Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 22, 2025, there were 16,940,785 shares of common stock, no par value, outstanding.


WEST BANCORPORATION, INC.
INDEX
Page
PART I.
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
3
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(unaudited)


(in thousands, except share and per share data) September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks $ 26,875 $ 28,750
Interest-earning deposits with banks 109,265 214,728
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 96,792 —
Cash and cash equivalents 232,932 243,478
Securities available for sale, at fair value 537,856 544,565
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 15,190 15,129
Loans 3,008,888 3,004,860
Allowance for credit losses ( 30,515 ) ( 30,432 )
Loans, net 2,978,373 2,974,428
Premises and equipment, net 109,212 109,985
Accrued interest receivable 13,366 12,825
Bank-owned life insurance 45,875 44,990
Deferred tax assets, net 27,722 33,202
Other assets 24,954 36,389
Total assets $ 3,985,480 $ 4,014,991
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing demand $ 512,869 $ 541,053
Interest-bearing demand 448,731 543,855
Savings and money market 1,799,392 1,643,891
Time 545,525 628,797
Total deposits 3,306,517 3,357,596
Subordinated notes, net 80,090 79,893
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 270,000 270,000
Long-term debt 38,986 42,736
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 34,754 36,891
Total liabilities 3,730,347 3,787,116
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 8)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024
— —
Common stock, no par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; 16,940,785
and 16,832,632 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025
and December 31, 2024, respectively
3,000 3,000
Additional paid-in capital 36,473 35,619
Retained earnings 291,069 278,613
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 75,409 ) ( 89,357 )
Total stockholders' equity 255,133 227,875
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,985,480 $ 4,014,991

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Income
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Interest income:
Loans, including fees $ 42,198 $ 42,504 $ 124,852 $ 124,400
Securities:
Taxable 2,643 3,261 8,116 10,071
Tax-exempt 739 806 2,224 2,424
Deposits with banks 2,087 2,041 6,551 3,855
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,258 — 1,280 —
Total interest income 48,925 48,612 143,023 140,750
Interest expense:
Deposits 22,539 26,076 66,638 71,578
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings — 115 — 4,248
Subordinated notes 1,107 1,112 3,316 3,325
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 2,292 2,748 6,786 7,791
Long-term debt 486 601 1,508 1,868
Total interest expense 26,424 30,652 78,248 88,810
Net interest income 22,501 17,960 64,775 51,940
Credit loss expense (benefit) — — — —
Net interest income after credit loss expense 22,501 17,960 64,775 51,940
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts 491 459 1,448 1,381
Debit card usage fees 477 500 1,401 1,448
Trust services 894 828 2,472 2,398
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 308 287 885 839
Other income 333 285 950 938
Total noninterest income 2,503 2,359 7,156 7,004
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 7,457 6,823 21,804 20,481
Occupancy and equipment 2,090 1,926 6,087 5,225
Data processing 663 771 1,923 2,239
Technology and software 794 722 2,371 2,153
FDIC insurance 637 711 1,894 1,861
Professional fees 303 239 914 740
Director fees 195 223 603 658
Other expenses 1,411 1,477 4,502 4,597
Total noninterest expense 13,550 12,892 40,098 37,954
Income before income taxes 11,454 7,427 31,833 20,990
Income taxes 2,140 1,475 6,698 4,037
Net income $ 9,314 $ 5,952 $ 25,135 $ 16,953
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.55 $ 0.35 $ 1.49 $ 1.01
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.55 $ 0.35 $ 1.48 $ 1.00
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
5


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 9,314 $ 5,952 $ 25,135 $ 16,953
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities:
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 12,218 22,981 25,726 13,787
Income tax expense ( 3,025 ) ( 5,685 ) ( 6,374 ) ( 3,431 )
Other comprehensive income on securities 9,193 17,296 19,352 10,356
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period 374 ( 8,218 ) ( 2,961 ) 1,635
Plus: reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income ( 1,396 ) ( 2,697 ) ( 4,212 ) ( 8,510 )
Income tax benefit 253 2,708 1,769 1,711
Other comprehensive loss on derivatives ( 769 ) ( 8,207 ) ( 5,404 ) ( 5,164 )
Total other comprehensive income 8,424 9,089 13,948 5,192
Comprehensive income $ 17,738 $ 15,041 $ 39,083 $ 22,145

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
6


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-In Retained Comprehensive
Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, June 30, 2025 $ — 16,940,785 $ 3,000 $ 35,773 $ 285,990 $ ( 83,833 ) $ 240,930
Net income
— — — — 9,314 — 9,314
Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 8,424 8,424
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.25 per common share
— — — — ( 4,235 ) — ( 4,235 )
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 700 — — 700
Balance, September 30, 2025 $ — 16,940,785 $ 3,000 $ 36,473 $ 291,069 $ ( 75,409 ) $ 255,133
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-In Retained Comprehensive
Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, June 30, 2024 $ — 16,832,632 $ 3,000 $ 34,322 $ 273,981 $ ( 87,420 ) $ 223,883
Net income
— — — — 5,952 — 5,952
Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 9,089 9,089
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.25 per common share
— — — — ( 4,209 ) — ( 4,209 )
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 638 — — 638
Balance, September 30, 2024 $ — 16,832,632 $ 3,000 $ 34,960 $ 275,724 $ ( 78,331 ) $ 235,353
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
7


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-In Retained Comprehensive
Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ — 16,832,632 $ 3,000 $ 35,619 $ 278,613 $ ( 89,357 ) $ 227,875
Net income
— — — — 25,135 — 25,135
Other comprehensive income,
net of tax
— — — — — 13,948 13,948
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.75 per common share
— — — — ( 12,679 ) — ( 12,679 )
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 1,986 — — 1,986
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes — 108,153 — ( 1,132 ) — — ( 1,132 )
Balance, September 30, 2025 $ — 16,940,785 $ 3,000 $ 36,473 $ 291,069 $ ( 75,409 ) $ 255,133
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Accumulated
Additional Other
Preferred Common Stock Paid-In Retained Comprehensive
Stock Shares Amount Capital Earnings Income (Loss) Total
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ — 16,725,094 $ 3,000 $ 34,197 $ 271,369 $ ( 83,523 ) $ 225,043
Net income
— — — — 16,953 — 16,953
Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — — — 5,192 5,192
Cash dividends declared, $ 0.75 per common share
— — — — ( 12,598 ) — ( 12,598 )
Stock-based compensation costs
— — — 1,850 — — 1,850
Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payroll taxes
— 107,538 — ( 1,087 ) — — ( 1,087 )
Balance, September 30, 2024 $ — 16,832,632 $ 3,000 $ 34,960 $ 275,724 $ ( 78,331 ) $ 235,353

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8


West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) 2025 2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income $ 25,135 $ 16,953
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Net amortization and accretion 2,312 2,422
Stock-based compensation 1,986 1,850
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance ( 885 ) ( 839 )
Depreciation 3,372 2,564
Provision for deferred income taxes 875 1,904
Change in assets and liabilities:
Increase in accrued interest receivable ( 541 ) ( 261 )
Decrease in other assets 1,055 334
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities 1,377 4,129
Net cash provided by operating activities 34,686 29,056
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from principal paydowns, maturities and calls of securities available for sale 30,319 37,736
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock ( 264 ) ( 57,683 )
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 203 63,445
Net increase in loans ( 3,945 ) ( 93,609 )
Purchases of premises and equipment ( 2,905 ) ( 23,568 )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 23,408 ( 73,679 )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits ( 51,079 ) 304,774
Net decrease in federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings — ( 150,270 )
Principal payments on long-term debt ( 3,750 ) ( 3,750 )
Common stock dividends paid ( 12,679 ) ( 12,598 )
Restricted stock units withheld for payroll taxes ( 1,132 ) ( 1,087 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities ( 68,640 ) 137,069
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents ( 10,546 ) 92,446
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
Beginning 243,478 65,357
Ending $ 232,932 $ 157,803
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash payments for:
Interest $ 77,326 $ 84,704
Income taxes 2,670 930
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

9

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

1.  Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by West Bancorporation, Inc. (the Company) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented understandable, it is suggested that these interim consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments necessary to fairly present its financial position as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, net income, comprehensive income (loss) and changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The results for these interim periods may not be indicative of results for the entire year or for any other period.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). References to GAAP issued by the FASB in these footnotes are to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ , sometimes referred to as the Codification or ASC. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term are the fair value of financial instruments and the allowance for credit losses .

Cash and cash equivalents and cash flows: For statement of cash flow purposes, the Company considers cash, due from banks, interest-earning deposits with banks and securities purchased under agreements to resell to be cash and cash equivalents. Securities purchased under agreements to resell are short-term investments with maturities of 30 days. Cash inflows and outflows from loans, deposits, federal funds purchased and short-term borrowings, and short-term FHLB advances are reported on a net basis.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary West Bank and West Bank's special purpose subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. In accordance with GAAP, West Bancorporation Capital Trust I is recorded on the books of the Company using the equity method of accounting and is not consolidated.

As a community-oriented financial institution, substantially all of West Bank's operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. The chief operating decision maker makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of the community banking activities, which constitutes the Company's only operating segment for financial reporting purposes. The Company's single segment is managed on a consolidated basis by the chief operating decision maker, which is the Company's chief executive officer.

The accounting policies of this segment are the same as those described in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025. Refer to Note 1 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance of the segment and determines the allocation of resources based on consolidated net income, which is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Consolidated net income is used in deciding where to deploy capital and to monitor budget vs. actual results. It is also used in benchmarking performance measures to Company peers for compensation related analysis. The measure of segment assets is reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as total consolidated assets.


10

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Current accounting developments :  In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative . The ASU incorporates certain SEC disclosure requirements into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification TM. . The amendments in the ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC’s regulations. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity. These amendments have not had an impact to the Company as of September 30, 2025.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures . The ASU is intended to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table and income taxes paid to be disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2025 and will provide the required disclosures in the Company's annual 2025 filings.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses . The amendments in this ASU require public companies to disclose, in the notes to the financial statements, specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual reporting period. Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date . This ASU amends the effective date of ASU No. 2024-03 to clarify that all public business entities are required to adopt the guidance in annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption of ASU No. 2024-03 is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
11

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



2. Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if the Company's outstanding restricted stock units were vested. The dilutive effect was computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all stock-based awards were exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise were used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares, to the extent they would have been dilutive, were included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per common share calculation. The calculations of earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are presented in the following table.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) 2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income $ 9,314 $ 5,952 $ 25,135 $ 16,953
Weighted average common shares outstanding 16,941 16,833 16,906 16,797
Weighted average effect of restricted stock units outstanding
74 88 89 76
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 17,015 16,921 16,995 16,873
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.55 $ 0.35 $ 1.49 $ 1.01
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.55 $ 0.35 $ 1.48 $ 1.00
Number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents excluded from diluted earnings per share computation 309 264 316 303
12

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



3. Securities Available for Sale

The following tables show the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available for sale, by security type as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
September 30, 2025
Amortized
Cost 		Gross
Unrealized
Gains 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 214,189 $ 14 $ ( 39,145 ) $ 175,058
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
260,546 — ( 43,449 ) 217,097
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
137,628 2 ( 19,652 ) 117,978
Collateralized loan obligations 14,823 8 — 14,831
Corporate notes 13,750 — ( 858 ) 12,892
$ 640,936 $ 24 $ ( 103,104 ) $ 537,856
December 31, 2024
Amortized
Cost 		Gross
Unrealized
Gains 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		Fair
Value
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 215,942 $ — $ ( 41,797 ) $ 174,145
Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)
278,754 — ( 59,490 ) 219,264
Mortgage-backed securities (1)
145,992 — ( 26,173 ) 119,819
Collateralized loan obligations 18,932 33 — 18,965
Corporate notes 13,750 — ( 1,378 ) 12,372
$ 673,370 $ 33 $ ( 128,838 ) $ 544,565
(1) Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities consist of residential and commercial mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA and SBA.

Securities with a total amortized cost of approximately $ 547,338 and $ 572,491 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged as collateral for borrowings and public fund deposits, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law or regulation.

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Certain securities have call features that allow the issuer to call the securities prior to maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities for collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Therefore, collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories within the following maturity summary.
September 30, 2025
Amortized Cost Fair Value
Due after one year through five years $ 3,034 $ 2,755
Due after five years through ten years 51,954 48,650
Due after ten years 187,774 151,376
242,762 202,781
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities 398,174 335,075
$ 640,936 $ 537,856
13

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



There were no sales of securities available for sale during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following tables show the fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		No. of Securities Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		No. of Securities Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political
subdivisions $ — $ — — $ 173,161 $ ( 39,145 ) 94 $ 173,161 $ ( 39,145 )
Collateralized mortgage
obligations — — — 217,097 ( 43,449 ) 68 217,097 ( 43,449 )
Mortgage-backed securities — — — 117,564 ( 19,652 ) 25 117,564 ( 19,652 )
Corporate notes — — — 12,892 ( 858 ) 8 12,892 ( 858 )
$ — $ — — $ 520,714 $ ( 103,104 ) 195 $ 520,714 $ ( 103,104 )
December 31, 2024
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		No. of Securities Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses) 		No. of Securities Fair
Value 		Gross
Unrealized
(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
State and political
subdivisions $ 4,485 $ ( 271 ) 7 $ 169,650 $ ( 41,526 ) 90 $ 174,135 $ ( 41,797 )
Collateralized mortgage
obligations — — — 219,264 ( 59,490 ) 69 219,264 ( 59,490 )
Mortgage-backed securities 610 ( 3 ) 1 119,209 ( 26,170 ) 25 119,819 ( 26,173 )
Corporate notes — — — 12,372 ( 1,378 ) 8 12,372 ( 1,378 )
$ 5,095 $ ( 274 ) 8 $ 520,495 $ ( 128,564 ) 192 $ 525,590 $ ( 128,838 )

If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the security is written down to fair value through income. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that it would be required to sell any of the securities in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company also determined that no individual securities in an unrealized loss position represented credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses. The Company concluded that the unrealized losses were primarily attributable to increases in market interest rates since these securities were purchased and other market conditions. Accrued interest receivable is not included in available-for-sale security balances and is presented in the "Accrued interest receivable" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest receivable on securities was $ 2,862 and $ 2,842 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was excluded from the measurement of credit losses.

14

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans consisted of the following segments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial $ 511,316 $ 514,232
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development 448,660 508,147
1-4 family residential first mortgages 87,784 87,858
Home equity 27,083 19,294
Commercial 1,912,235 1,861,195
Consumer and other 24,697 17,287
3,011,775 3,008,013
Net unamortized fees and costs ( 2,887 ) ( 3,153 )
$ 3,008,888 $ 3,004,860

Real estate loans of approximately $ 1,490,000 and $ 1,470,000 were pledged as security for FHLB advances as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Loans are stated at the principal amounts outstanding, net of unamortized loan fees and costs, with interest income recognized on the interest method based upon the terms of the loan. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method. Loans are reported by the portfolio segments identified above and are analyzed by management on this basis. All loan policies identified below apply to all segments of the loan portfolio.

Allowance for Credit Losses for Loans

The following tables detail the changes in the allowance for credit losses (ACL) by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 5,644 $ 4,098 $ 623 $ 241 $ 19,653 $ 280 $ 30,539
Charge-offs — — ( 27 ) ( 8 ) — — ( 35 )
Recoveries 7 3 — 1 — — 11
Provision for credit loss expense (1)
— ( 158 ) 62 40 30 26 —
Ending balance $ 5,651 $ 3,943 $ 658 $ 274 $ 19,683 $ 306 $ 30,515
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 5,489 $ 4,354 $ 650 $ 200 $ 19,544 $ 195 $ 30,432
Charge-offs — — ( 27 ) ( 8 ) — — ( 35 )
Recoveries 21 10 73 14 — — 118
Provision for credit loss expense (1)
141 ( 421 ) ( 38 ) 68 139 111 —
Ending balance $ 5,651 $ 3,943 $ 658 $ 274 $ 19,683 $ 306 $ 30,515

15

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)





Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 5,106 $ 4,228 $ 643 $ 148 $ 18,143 $ 154 $ 28,422
Charge-offs ( 16 ) — — — — — ( 16 )
Recoveries 8 3 1 1 — — 13
Provision for credit loss expense (1)
183 66 2 25 723 1 1,000
Ending balance $ 5,281 $ 4,297 $ 646 $ 174 $ 18,866 $ 155 $ 29,419
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Beginning balance $ 5,291 $ 3,668 $ 704 $ 142 $ 18,420 $ 117 $ 28,342
Charge-offs ( 20 ) — — — — — ( 20 )
Recoveries 43 10 41 3 — — 97
Provision for credit loss expense (1)
( 33 ) 619 ( 99 ) 29 446 38 1,000
Ending balance $ 5,281 $ 4,297 $ 646 $ 174 $ 18,866 $ 155 $ 29,419
(1) The negative provisions for the various segments are related to the decline in outstanding balances in each of those portfolio segments during the time periods disclosed, improvement in qualitative risk factors related to those portfolio segments and/or changes in economic forecasts.

The following tables present a breakdown of the ACL by segment, disaggregated based on the evaluation method as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


September 30, 2025
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 5,651 3,943 658 274 19,683 306 30,515
Total $ 5,651 $ 3,943 $ 658 $ 274 $ 19,683 $ 306 $ 30,515
December 31, 2024
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 5,489 4,354 650 200 19,544 195 30,432
Total $ 5,489 $ 4,354 $ 650 $ 200 $ 19,544 $ 195 $ 30,432


16

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables present the recorded investment in loans, exclusive of unamortized fees and costs, disaggregated based on the evaluation method by segment as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


September 30, 2025
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 511,316 448,660 87,784 27,083 1,912,235 24,697 3,011,775
Total $ 511,316 $ 448,660 $ 87,784 $ 27,083 $ 1,912,235 $ 24,697 $ 3,011,775
December 31, 2024
Real Estate
Commercial Construction and Land 1-4 Family Residential Home Equity Commercial Consumer and Other Total
Ending balance:
Individually evaluated for credit losses $ — $ — $ 133 $ — $ — $ — $ 133
Collectively evaluated for credit losses 514,232 508,147 87,725 19,294 1,861,195 17,287 3,007,880
Total $ 514,232 $ 508,147 $ 87,858 $ 19,294 $ 1,861,195 $ 17,287 $ 3,008,013


The ACL is a valuation account estimated at each balance sheet date and deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected. The Company estimates the ACL based on the underlying loans' amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the loan is originated or acquired, adjusted for collection of cash and charge-offs, as well as applicable accretion or amortization of premiums, discounts, and net deferred fees or costs. The Company's estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected restructuring. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of the ACL.

Accrued interest on loans of $ 10,330 and $ 9,835 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, was included in the "Accrued interest receivable" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets and was excluded from the measurement of credit losses.

Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a charge to credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a loan is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, a loan will be considered uncollectible no later than when all efforts at collection have been exhausted. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.

The Company measures expected credit losses of loans on a collective (pool) basis when the loans share similar risk characteristics and uses a cash flow based method to estimate expected credit losses for each of these pools. The Company's methodology for estimating the ACL considers available relevant information about the collectability of cash flows, including information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The methodologies apply historical loss information, adjusted for asset-specific characteristics, economic conditions at the measurement date, and forecasts about future economic conditions expected to exist through the contractual lives of the financial assets that are reasonable and supportable, to the identified pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics for which the historical experience was observed.


17

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The Company uses the cash flow based model to estimate expected credit losses for all loan segments. For each of the loan segments, the Company calculates a cash flow projection using contractual terms, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated curtailment rates, and other relevant data. The Company uses regression analysis that links historical losses of the Company and its peer group to two economic metrics: national unemployment rate and 10-year treasury rate over 2-year treasury rate spread to establish the loss rates applied to the projected cash flows. For all loan segments, the Company uses a forecast period of four quarters and reverts to a historical rate after four quarters. When estimating prepayment speed and curtailment rates, the modeling is based on historical internal data.

Nonaccrual Loans and Delinquency Status

Delinquencies are determined based on the payment terms of the individual loan agreements. The accrual of interest on past due and other individually evaluated loans is generally discontinued at 90 days past due or when, in the opinion of management, the borrower may be unable to make all payments pursuant to contractual terms. Unless considered collectible, all interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off is reversed against interest income. Generally, all payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied to the principal balance of the loan. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status, loans on nonaccrual status with no ACL recorded, and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by loan segment as of the dates indicated.

Total Nonaccrual Nonaccrual with no Allowance for Credit Losses 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Real estate:
Construction, land and land
development — — — — — —
1-4 family residential first
mortgages — 133 — 133 — —
Home equity — — — — — —
Commercial — — — — — —
Consumer and other — — — — — —
Total $ — $ 133 $ — $ 133 $ — $ —

There was $ 18 and $ 91 of interest income recognized on loans that were on nonaccrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.


18

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables provide an analysis of the delinquency status of the amortized cost of loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025
30-59
Days Past
Due 		60-89
Days Past
Due 		90 Days
or More
Past Due 		Total
Past Due 		Current Total Loans
Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 511,316 $ 511,316
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development — — — — 448,660 448,660
1-4 family residential
first mortgages — — — — 87,784 87,784
Home equity — — — — 27,083 27,083
Commercial — — — — 1,912,235 1,912,235
Consumer and other — — — — 24,697 24,697
Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,011,775 $ 3,011,775

December 31, 2024
30-59
Days Past
Due 		60-89
Days Past
Due 		90 Days
or More
Past Due 		Total
Past Due 		Current Total
Loans
Commercial $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 514,232 $ 514,232
Real estate:
Construction, land and
land development — — — — 508,147 508,147
1-4 family residential
first mortgages — — — — 87,858 87,858
Home equity — — — — 19,294 19,294
Commercial — — — — 1,861,195 1,861,195
Consumer and other — — — — 17,287 17,287
Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,008,013 $ 3,008,013


19

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Loan Restructurings Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms.

Credit Quality Indicators

Based upon its ongoing assessment of credit quality within the loan portfolio, the Company maintains a Watch List, which includes loans classified as Doubtful, Substandard and Watch according to the Company's classification criteria. These loans involve the anticipated potential for payment defaults or collateral inadequacies. A loan on the Watch List is analyzed individually to categorize the loan to the appropriate credit risk category.

All loans are subject to the assessment of a credit quality indicator. Risk ratings are assigned for each loan at the time of approval, and they change as circumstances dictate during the term of the loan. The Company utilizes a 9-point risk rating scale as shown below, with ratings 1 - 5 included in the Pass column, rating 6 included in the Watch column, ratings 7 - 8 included in the Substandard column and rating 9 included in the Doubtful column.

Risk rating 1: The loan is secured by cash equivalent collateral.

Risk rating 2: The loan is secured by properly margined marketable securities, bonds or cash surrender value of life insurance.

Risk rating 3: The borrower is in strong financial condition and has strong debt service capacity. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends of the borrower exceed industry statistics.

Risk rating 4: The borrower's financial condition is satisfactory and stable. The borrower has satisfactory debt service capacity, and the loan is well secured. The loan is performing as agreed, and the financial characteristics and trends fall in line with industry statistics.

Risk rating 5: The borrower's financial condition is less than satisfactory. The loan is still generally paying as agreed, but strained cash flows may cause some slowness in payments. The collateral values adequately preclude loss on the loan. Financial characteristics and trends lag industry statistics. There may be noncompliance with loan covenants.

Risk rating 6: The borrower's financial condition is deficient. Payment delinquencies may be more common. Collateral values still protect from loss, but margins are narrow. The loan may be reliant on secondary sources of repayment, including liquidation of collateral and guarantor support.

Risk rating 7: The loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Well-defined weaknesses exist that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The Company is inadequately protected by the valuation or paying capacity of the collateral pledged. If deficiencies are not corrected, there is a distinct possibility that a loss will be sustained.

Risk rating 8: All the characteristics of rating 7 exist with the added condition that the loan is past due more than 90 days or there is reason to believe the Company will not receive its principal and interest according to the terms of the loan agreement.

Risk rating 9: All the weaknesses inherent in risk ratings 7 and 8 exist with the added condition that collection or liquidation, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, is highly questionable and improbable. A loan reaching this category would most likely be charged off.


20

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Credit quality indicators for all loans and the Company's risk rating process are dynamic and updated on a continuous basis. Risk ratings are updated as circumstances that could affect the repayment of an individual loan are brought to management's attention through an established monitoring process. Individual bankers initiate changes as appropriate for ratings 1 through 5, and changes for ratings 6 through 9 are initiated by management. The likelihood of loss increases as the risk rating increases and is generally preceded by a loan appearing on the Watch List, which consists of all loans with a risk rating of 6 or worse. Written action plans with firm target dates for resolution of identified problems are maintained and reviewed on a quarterly basis for all segments of loans included on the Watch List. In addition to the Company's internal credit monitoring practices and procedures, an outsourced independent credit review function is in place to further assess assigned internal risk classifications and monitor compliance with internal lending policies and procedures.

In all portfolio segments, the primary risks are that a borrower's income stream diminishes to the point that the borrower is not able to make scheduled principal and interest payments and any collateral securing the loan declines in value. The risk of declining collateral values is present for most types of loans.

Commercial loans consist primarily of loans to businesses for various purposes, including revolving lines to finance current operations, inventory and accounts receivable, and capital expenditure loans to finance equipment and other fixed assets. These loans generally have short maturities, have either adjustable or fixed interest rates, and are either unsecured or secured by inventory, accounts receivable and/or fixed assets. For commercial loans, the primary source of repayment is from the operation of the business.

Real estate loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, and consist of loans on commercial properties and single and multifamily residences. Real estate loans are typically structured to mature or reprice every five years with payments based on amortization periods up to 30 years. The majority of construction loans are to contractors and developers for construction of commercial buildings or residential real estate. These loans typically have maturities of up to 24 months. The Company's loan policy includes minimum appraisal and other credit guidelines.

Consumer loans include loans extended to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures not secured by real estate. The majority of the Company's consumer lending is for vehicles, consolidation of personal debts and household improvements. The repayment source for consumer loans, including 1-4 family residential and home equity loans, is typically wages.











21

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by loan segment, credit quality indicator and origination year, and the current period gross write-off by loan segment and origination year, based on the analysis performed as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


Term Loans by Origination Year
As of September 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Commercial
Pass $ 84,220 $ 69,597 $ 57,844 $ 66,681 $ 28,809 $ 44,027 $ 151,715 $ 502,893
Watch 2,210 818 1,112 681 48 — 3,554 8,423
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 86,430 $ 70,415 $ 58,956 $ 67,362 $ 28,857 $ 44,027 $ 155,269 $ 511,316
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development
Pass $ 70,510 $ 84,535 $ 133,459 $ 73,346 $ 3,210 $ 746 $ 82,854 $ 448,660
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 70,510 $ 84,535 $ 133,459 $ 73,346 $ 3,210 $ 746 $ 82,854 $ 448,660
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass $ 25,191 $ 7,632 $ 11,544 $ 16,522 $ 13,471 $ 4,695 $ 25 $ 79,080
Watch — — 8,704 — — — — 8,704
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 25,191 $ 7,632 $ 20,248 $ 16,522 $ 13,471 $ 4,695 $ 25 $ 87,784
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 27 $ — $ 27
Home equity
Pass $ 744 $ 292 $ 2,630 $ 138 $ 384 $ — $ 22,895 $ 27,083
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 744 $ 292 $ 2,630 $ 138 $ 384 $ — $ 22,895 $ 27,083
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 8 $ — $ — $ 8
Commercial
Pass $ 276,270 $ 221,902 $ 127,656 $ 431,910 $ 409,261 $ 382,366 $ 41,326 $ 1,890,691
Watch — 6,828 1,450 6,036 6,722 — 508 21,544
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 276,270 $ 228,730 $ 129,106 $ 437,946 $ 415,983 $ 382,366 $ 41,834 $ 1,912,235
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Consumer and other
Pass $ 554 $ 13,826 $ 484 $ 53 $ 42 $ 219 $ 9,519 $ 24,697
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 554 $ 13,826 $ 484 $ 53 $ 42 $ 219 $ 9,519 $ 24,697
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —


22

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Term Loans by Origination Year
As of December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Loans Total
Commercial
Pass $ 97,976 $ 80,842 $ 77,087 $ 33,698 $ 17,460 $ 41,006 $ 158,395 $ 506,464
Watch 4,223 116 2,747 620 — 62 — 7,768
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 102,199 $ 80,958 $ 79,834 $ 34,318 $ 17,460 $ 41,068 $ 158,395 $ 514,232
Current period gross writeoffs $ 16 $ — $ 4 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 20
Real estate:
Construction, land and land development
Pass $ 168,579 $ 144,604 $ 84,281 $ 27,584 $ 805 $ — $ 82,294 $ 508,147
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 168,579 $ 144,604 $ 84,281 $ 27,584 $ 805 $ — $ 82,294 $ 508,147
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
1-4 family residential first mortgages
Pass $ 12,573 $ 24,889 $ 17,803 $ 16,283 $ 10,251 $ 3,986 $ 1,940 $ 87,725
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — 133 — — — — — 133
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 12,573 $ 25,022 $ 17,803 $ 16,283 $ 10,251 $ 3,986 $ 1,940 $ 87,858
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Home equity
Pass $ 425 $ 2,721 $ 175 $ 443 $ 32 $ — $ 15,498 $ 19,294
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 425 $ 2,721 $ 175 $ 443 $ 32 $ — $ 15,498 $ 19,294
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Commercial
Pass $ 228,197 $ 141,894 $ 467,411 $ 431,448 $ 342,828 $ 218,440 $ 30,396 $ 1,860,614
Watch — — 332 249 — — — 581
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 228,197 $ 141,894 $ 467,743 $ 431,697 $ 342,828 $ 218,440 $ 30,396 $ 1,861,195
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Consumer and other
Pass $ 4,114 $ 600 $ 108 $ 214 $ 13 $ 113 $ 12,125 $ 17,287
Watch — — — — — — — —
Substandard — — — — — — — —
Doubtful — — — — — — — —
Total $ 4,114 $ 600 $ 108 $ 214 $ 13 $ 113 $ 12,125 $ 17,287
Current period gross writeoffs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —







23

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Collateral Dependent Loans

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. For collateral dependent loans where the Company has determined that foreclosure of the collateral is probable, or where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the Company expects repayment of the loans to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the ACL is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral and the amortized cost basis of the loan as of the measurement date. When repayment is expected to be from the operation of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the present value of expected cash flows from the operation of collateral. When repayment is expected to be from the sale of the collateral, expected credit losses are calculated as the amount by which the amortized cost basis of the loan exceeds the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell. The ACL may be zero if the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date exceeds the amortized cost basis of the loan.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans, by primary collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025
Primary Type of Collateral
Real Estate Equipment Other Total ACL Allocation
Total $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —

As of December 31, 2024
Primary Type of Collateral
Real Estate Equipment Other Total ACL Allocation
1-4 family residential first mortgages $ 133 $ — $ — $ 133 $ —
Total $ 133 $ — $ — $ 133 $ —


Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The Company's allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments was $ 1,544 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is presented in the "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" line of the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is reflected in the "Credit loss expense" line of the Consolidated Statements of Income. There was no provision for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and a negative provision of $1,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

5. Derivatives

The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements and interest rate collars as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. The Company uses interest rate derivatives to manage its interest rate risk exposure on certain loans, borrowings and deposits due to interest rate movements. The notional amounts of the interest rate derivatives do not represent amounts exchanged by the counterparties, but rather, the notional amount is used to determine, along with other terms of the derivative, the amounts to be exchanged between the counterparties.
24

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Interest Rate Derivatives Designated as a Cash Flow Hedge: The Company had interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $ 520,000 and $ 420,000 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $ 270,000 that hedge the interest payments of rolling one-month funding consisting of FHLB advances or brokered deposits. Also, as of September 30, 2025, the Company had interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $ 40,000 that effectively convert variable-rate long-term debt to fixed-rate debt and swaps with a total notional amount of $ 110,000 that hedge the interest payments of certain customer deposit accounts.

The Company had interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $ 100,000 and $ 0 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company enters into interest rate collars, to mitigate interest rate risk on certain customer deposits. The structure of the interest rate collars is such that the Company pays the counterparty an incremental amount if the index rate falls below the floor rate. Conversely, the Company receives an incremental amount if the index rate rises above the cap rate.

Derivatives Not Designated as Accounting Hedges: To accommodate customer needs, the Company on occasion offers loan level interest rate swaps to its customers and offsets its exposure from such contracts by entering into mirror image swaps with a swap counterparty (back-to-back swap program). The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The Company enters into a floating-rate loan and a fixed-rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed-rate swap with a swap counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a swap counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customers to effectively convert variable-rate loans to fixed-rate loans. The customer accommodations and any offsetting swaps are treated as non-hedging derivative instruments which do not qualify for hedge accounting.

The table below identifies the balance sheet category and fair values of the Company's derivative instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest Rate Swaps :
Gross notional amount $ 420,000 $ 420,000
Fair value in other assets 3,691 9,897
Fair value in other liabilities ( 1,104 ) ( 270 )
Weighted-average floating rate received 4.59 % 4.84 %
Weighted-average fixed rate paid 3.30 % 3.30 %
Weighted-average maturity in years 1.6 2.4
Interest Rate Collars :
Gross notional amount
$ 100,000 $ —
Fair value in other assets — —
Fair value in other liabilities
( 133 ) —
Weighted-average maturity in years 2.8 0.0
Non-Hedging Derivatives:
Gross notional amount $ 281,828 $ 287,235
Fair value in other assets 10,111 14,284
Fair value in other liabilities ( 10,111 ) ( 14,284 )



25

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The following table identifies the pre-tax gains or losses recognized on the Company's derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income $ 374 $ ( 8,218 ) $ ( 2,961 ) $ 1,635
Decrease in interest expense ( 1,396 ) ( 2,697 ) ( 4,212 ) ( 8,510 )

The Company estimates there will be approximately $ 5,423 reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to decrease interest expense through the 12 months ending September 30, 2026 related to cash flow hedges.

The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by interest rate derivative counterparties, which is minimized by collateral-pledging provisions in the agreements. Derivative contracts are executed with a Credit Support Annex, which is a bilateral ratings-sensitive agreement that requires collateral postings at established credit threshold levels. These agreements protect the interests of the Company and its counterparties should either party suffer a credit rating deterioration. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company pledged $ 240 and $ 30 , respectively, of collateral to the counterparties in the form of cash on deposit. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's counterparties pledged $ 11,880 and $ 24,160 , respectively, of collateral to the Company in the form of cash on deposit. The interest rate swap product with the borrower is cross-collateralized with the underlying loan collateral and therefore there is no pledged cash collateral under swap contracts with customers.

6. Income Taxes

Net deferred tax assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for credit losses $ 7,887 $ 7,866
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale 25,460 31,814
Lease liabilities 1,044 1,120
Accrued expenses 245 220
Restricted stock unit compensation 854 1,077
State net operating loss carryforward 2,255 2,042
Other 207 494
37,952 44,633
Deferred tax liabilities:
Right-of-use assets 1,007 1,083
Deferred loan costs 223 224
Net unrealized gains on interest rate swaps 606 2,375
Premises and equipment 5,527 5,095
New markets tax credit loan 474 474
Other 138 138
7,975 9,389
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance 29,977 35,244
Valuation allowance ( 2,255 ) ( 2,042 )
Net deferred tax assets $ 27,722 $ 33,202

26

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



The Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the tax effect of the state net operating loss carryforwards, as management believes it is more likely than not that these carryforwards will expire without being utilized. The state net operating loss carryforwards expire in 2025 and thereafter.

7 .  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Unrealized Unrealized Accumulated
Gains Gains Other
(Losses) on (Losses) on Comprehensive
Securities Derivatives Income (Loss)
Balance, December 31, 2024 $ ( 96,564 ) $ 7,207 $ ( 89,357 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 19,372 ( 2,231 ) 17,141
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 20 ) ( 3,173 ) ( 3,193 )
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 19,352 ( 5,404 ) 13,948
Balance, September 30, 2025 $ ( 77,212 ) $ 1,803 $ ( 75,409 )
Balance, December 31, 2023 $ ( 91,233 ) $ 7,710 $ ( 83,523 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 10,381 1,245 11,626
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 25 ) ( 6,409 ) ( 6,434 )
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) 10,356 ( 5,164 ) 5,192
Balance, September 30, 2024 $ ( 80,877 ) $ 2,546 $ ( 78,331 )

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk : The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations that it uses for on-balance-sheet instruments. The Company's commitments consisted of the following amounts as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Commitments to fund real estate construction loans $ 168,812 $ 180,986
Other commitments to extend credit 548,559 598,510
Standby letters of credit 14,707 10,734
$ 732,078 $ 790,230


27

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



West Bank previously executed Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) Master Commitments (Commitments) with the FHLB of Des Moines to deliver residential mortgage loans and to guarantee the payment of any realized losses that exceed the FHLB's first loss account for mortgages delivered under the Commitments. West Bank receives credit enhancement fees from the FHLB for providing this guarantee and continuing to assist with managing the credit risk of the MPF Program residential mortgage loans. The outstanding balance of mortgage loans sold under the MPF Program was $ 14,974 and $ 17,032 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Contractual commitments : The Company had remaining commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $ 1,488 and $ 861 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Concentrations of credit risk : Substantially all of the Company's loans, commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company's market areas. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 4. The distribution by type of loan of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution by type of loan outstanding. Standby letters of credit were granted primarily to commercial borrowers.

Contingencies : Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank's business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

9. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts business. The Company's balance sheet contains securities available for sale and derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value is as follows:

Level 1 uses quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 uses observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3 uses unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The Company's policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period, if applicable. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Securities available for sale: When available, quoted market prices are used to determine the fair value of securities (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, the Company determines fair value based on various sources and may apply matrix pricing with observable prices for similar bonds where a price for the identical bond is not observable (Level 2). The fair values of these securities are determined by pricing models that consider observable market data such as interest rate volatilities, yield curves, credit spreads, prices from market makers and live trading systems.

Management obtains the fair value of securities at the end of each reporting period via a third-party pricing service. Management reviewed the valuation process used by the third party and believed the process was valid. On a quarterly basis, management corroborates the fair values of securities by obtaining pricing from an independent financial market data vendor and comparing the two sets of fair values. Any significant variances are reviewed and investigated. For a sample of securities, prices are further validated by management by obtaining details of the inputs used by the pricing service. Those inputs were independently tested, and management concluded the fair values were consistent with GAAP requirements and the securities were properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.


28

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



Derivative instruments: The Company's derivative instruments consist of interest rate swaps and interest rate collars accounted for as cash flow hedges, as well as interest rate swaps, which are accounted for as non-hedging derivatives. The Company's derivative positions are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using models generally accepted in the financial services industry and that use actively quoted or observable market input values from external market data providers and/or non-binding broker-dealer quotations. The fair value of the derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow models. These models’ key assumptions include the contractual terms of the respective contract along with significant observable inputs, including interest rates, yield curves, nonperformance risk and volatility.

The following tables present the balances of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

September 30, 2025
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 175,058 $ — $ 175,058 $ —
Collateralized mortgage obligations 217,097 — 217,097 —
Mortgage-backed securities 117,978 — 117,978 —
Collateralized loan obligations 14,831 — 14,831 —
Corporate notes 12,892 — 12,892 —
Derivative instruments 13,802 — 13,802 —
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments $ 11,348 $ — $ 11,348 $ —
December 31, 2024
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Securities available for sale:
State and political subdivisions $ 174,145 $ — $ 174,145 $ —
Collateralized mortgage obligations 219,264 — 219,264 —
Mortgage-backed securities 119,819 — 119,819 —
Collateralized loan obligations 18,965 — 18,965 —
Corporate notes 12,372 — 12,372 —
Derivative instruments 24,181 — 24,181 —
Financial liabilities:
Derivative instruments $ 14,554 $ — $ 14,554 $ —

Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). Individually evaluated loans that are deemed to have impairment are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are recorded at fair value, which is based on the value of the collateral securing these loans. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no individually evaluated loans with a fair value adjustment.


29

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



In determining the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral of individually evaluated loans, the Company primarily uses third-party appraisals or broker opinions which may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available and include consideration of variations in location, size, and income production capacity of the property. Additionally, the appraisals are periodically further adjusted by the Company in consideration of charges that may be incurred in the event of foreclosure and are based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in business factors and changes in market conditions. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of collateral underlying individually evaluated loans and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, the Company considers the fair value of individually evaluated loans to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis . The following table presents the carrying amounts and approximate fair values of financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


September 30, 2025
Carrying Amount Approximate Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 26,875 $ 26,875 $ 26,875 $ — $ —
Interest-earning deposits with banks 109,265 109,265 109,265 — —
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 96,792 96,792 — 96,792 —
Securities available for sale 537,856 537,856 — 537,856 —
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 15,190 15,190 — 15,190 —
Loans, net 2,978,373 2,959,230 — 2,959,230 —
Accrued interest receivable 13,366 13,366 13,366 — —
Derivative instruments 13,802 13,802 — 13,802 —
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 3,306,517 $ 3,305,371 $ — $ 3,305,371 $ —
Subordinated notes, net 80,090 70,648 — 70,648 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 270,000 270,000 — 270,000 —
Long-term debt 38,986 38,986 — 38,986 —
Accrued interest payable 9,318 9,318 9,318 — —
Derivative instruments 11,348 11,348 — 11,348 —
30

West Bancorporation, Inc. and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)



December 31, 2024
Carrying Amount Approximate Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ — $ —
Interest-earning deposits with banks 214,728 214,728 214,728 — —
Securities available for sale 544,565 544,565 — 544,565 —
Federal Home Loan Bank stock 15,129 15,129 — 15,129 —
Loans, net 2,974,428 2,905,574 — 2,905,574 —
Accrued interest receivable 12,825 12,825 12,825 — —
Derivative instruments 24,181 24,181 — 24,181 —
Financial liabilities:
Deposits $ 3,357,596 $ 3,357,219 $ — $ 3,357,219 $ —
Subordinated notes, net 79,893 68,522 — 68,522 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 270,000 270,000 — 270,000 —
Long-term debt 42,736 42,736 — 42,736 —
Accrued interest payable 8,396 8,396 8,396 — —
Derivative instruments 14,554 14,554 — 14,554 —
31

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

"SAFE HARBOR" CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to the Company’s business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meanings of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the words “believes,” “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “future,” “confident,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “strategy,” “plan,” “opportunity,” “will be,” “will likely result,” “will continue” or similar references, or references to estimates, predictions or future events. Such forward-looking statements are based upon certain underlying assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Because of the possibility that the underlying assumptions are incorrect or do not materialize as expected in the future, actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may affect future results include: interest rate risk, including the effects of changes in interest rates; fluctuations in the values of the securities held in our investment portfolio, including as a result of rising interest rates; competitive pressures, including from non-bank competitors such as credit unions, "fintech" companies and digital asset service providers; technological changes implemented by us and other parties, including third-party vendors, which may be more difficult to implement or more expensive than anticipated or which may have unforeseen consequences to us and our customers, including the development and implementation of tools incorporating artificial intelligence; pricing pressures on loans and deposits; our ability to successfully manage liquidity risk; changes in credit and other risks posed by the Company’s loan portfolio, including declines in commercial or residential real estate values or changes in the allowance for credit losses dictated by new market conditions, accounting standards or regulatory requirements; the concentration of large deposits from certain clients, including those who have balances above current FDIC insurance limits; the threat or imposition of domestic or foreign tariffs or other governmental policies impacting the global supply chain and the value of products produced by our commercial borrowers; changes in local, national and international economic conditions, including the level and impact of inflation, and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve in response thereto, and possible recession; the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative publicity about the banking industry in general or investor and depositor sentiment regarding the stability and liquidity of banks; changes in legal and regulatory requirements, limitations and costs; changes in customers’ acceptance of the Company’s products and services; the occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our or our third-party partners' information security controls or cyber-security related incidents, including as a result of sophisticated attacks using artificial intelligence and similar tools; unexpected outcomes of existing or new litigation involving the Company; the monetary, trade and other regulatory policies of the U.S. government; acts of war or terrorism, including the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, widespread disease or pandemics, or other adverse external events; risks related to climate change and the negative impact it may have on our customers and their business; changes to U.S. tax laws, regulations and guidance; potential changes in federal policy and at regulatory agencies; the impact of a continued shutdown of the U.S. government; talent and labor shortages; and any other risks described in the “Risk Factors” sections of this and other reports filed by the Company with the SEC. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update such forward-looking statements to reflect current or future events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the Company's financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The estimates and judgments that management believes involve the most complex and subjective estimates and judgments and have the greatest effect on the Company's reported financial position and results of operations are described as critical accounting policies in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025. There have been no significant changes in the critical accounting policies or the assumptions and judgments utilized in applying these policies since December 31, 2024.

32

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include the Company’s presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis, and the presentation of the efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis, excluding certain income and expenses. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to both management and investors to analyze and evaluate the Company’s financial performance. These measures are considered standard measures of comparison within the banking industry. Additionally, management believes providing measures on a FTE basis enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be considered an alternative to the Company’s GAAP results for the periods indicated.

The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of net interest income and net interest margin on a FTE basis and efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis to their most directly comparable measures under GAAP.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Reconciliation of net interest income and net interest margin on a FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income (GAAP) $ 22,501 $ 17,960 $ 64,775 $ 51,940
Tax-equivalent adjustment (1)
61 29 186 166
Net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP) 22,562 17,989 64,961 52,106
Average interest-earning assets 3,790,154 3,749,688 3,769,158 3,692,647
Net interest margin on a FTE basis (non-GAAP) 2.36 % 1.91 % 2.30 % 1.88 %
Reconciliation of efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis to GAAP:
Net interest income on a FTE basis (non-GAAP) $ 22,562 $ 17,989 $ 64,961 $ 52,106
Noninterest income 2,503 2,359 7,156 7,004
Adjustment for losses on disposal of premises and equipment, net — 26 8 47
Adjusted income 25,065 20,374 72,125 59,157
Noninterest expense 13,550 12,892 40,098 37,954
Efficiency ratio on an adjusted and FTE basis (non-GAAP) (2)
54.06 % 63.28 % 55.60 % 64.16 %
(1)    Computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent, adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the financial results, as it enhances the comparability of income arising from taxable and nontaxable sources.
(2)     The efficiency ratio expresses noninterest expense as a percent of fully taxable equivalent net interest income and noninterest income, excluding specific noninterest income and expenses. Management believes the presentation of this non-GAAP measure provides supplemental useful information for proper understanding of the Company's financial performance. It is a standard measure of comparison within the banking industry. A lower ratio is more desirable.

33

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
OVERVIEW

The following discussion describes the consolidated operations and financial condition of the Company, West Bank and West Bank's special purpose subsidiaries (which are invested in new markets tax credit activities). Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are compared to the results for the same periods in 2024, and the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of September 30, 2025 is compared to that as of December 31, 2024. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.

The Company conducts business from its headquarters building in West Des Moines, Iowa and through its branch offices in central Iowa, which is generally the greater Des Moines metropolitan area; eastern Iowa, which is the area including and surrounding Iowa City and Coralville; and southern Minnesota, which includes the cities of Rochester, Owatonna, Mankato and St. Cloud.

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $9,314, or $0.55 per diluted common share, compared to $5,952, or $0.35 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Company's annualized return on average assets and return on average equity for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were 0.92 percent and 15.25 percent, respectively, compared to 0.60 percent and 10.41 percent, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased $4,541, or 25.3 percent, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in interest income on securities purchased under agreements to resell and decreases in interest expense on deposits and borrowed funds, partially offset by a decrease in interest income on securities.

Noninterest income increased $144 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Noninterest expense increased $658 during the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits and occupancy and equipment expense.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $25,135, or $1.48 per diluted common share, compared to $16,953, or $1.00 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company's annualized return on average assets and return on average equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were 0.84 percent and 14.27 percent, respectively, compared to 0.59 percent and 10.18 percent, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $12,835, or 24.7 percent, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to increases in interest income on deposits with banks and securities purchased under agreements to resell and decreases in interest expense on deposits and borrowed funds, partially offset by a decrease in interest income on securities.

Noninterest income increased $152 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Noninterest expense increased $2,144 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits and occupancy and equipment expense.

Total loans outstanding increased $4,028, or 0.1 percent, to $3,008,888 during the first nine months of 2025. The credit quality of the loan portfolio remained pristine, as evidenced by the Company's ratio of nonperforming loans to total assets of 0.00 percent as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was 1.01 percent of total outstanding loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025 was adequate to absorb expected losses in the loan portfolio as of that date.


34

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
On a quarterly basis, the Company compares three key performance metrics to those of our identified peer group. The peer group for 2025 consists of 20 Midwestern, publicly traded financial institutions, including Bank First Corporation, Bridgewater Bancshares Inc., ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc., Civista Bancshares, Inc., Equity Bancshares, Inc., Farmers National Banc Corp., Farmers & Merchants Bancorp., First Business Financial Services, Inc., First Financial Corp., First Mid Bancshares, Inc., German American Bancorp, Inc., HBT Financial Inc., Hills Bancorporation, Isabella Bank Corporation, LCNB Corp., Mercantile Bank Corporation, MidWest One Financial Group, Inc., Nicolet Bankshares, Inc., Peoples Bancorp, Inc., and Southern Missouri Bancorp, Inc. The Company is in the middle of the group in terms of asset size. The Company's goal is to perform at or near the top of this peer group relative to what we consider to be three key metrics: return on average equity, efficiency ratio and nonperforming assets to total assets. We believe these measures encompass the factors that define the performance of a community bank. Company and peer results for the key financial performance measures are summarized below.

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Peer Group Range (2)
As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025
Return on average equity 14.27% 13.74% (0.21%) - 13.93%
Efficiency ratio (1)
55.60% 56.41% 45.60% - 71.29%
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.00% 0.00% 0.08% - 0.84%
(1) The efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.
(2) Latest data available.

At its meeting on October 22, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common share. The dividend is payable on November 19, 2025, to stockholders of record on November 5, 2025.

35

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table shows selected financial results and measures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the same periods in 2024.
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 Change Change % 2025 2024 Change Change %
Net income $ 9,314 $ 5,952 $ 3,362 56.49 % $ 25,135 $ 16,953 $ 8,182 48.26 %
Average assets 4,004,769 3,973,824 30,945 0.78 % 3,988,902 3,916,919 71,983 1.84 %
Average stockholders' equity 242,245 227,513 14,732 6.48 % 235,551 222,392 13,159 5.92 %
Return on average assets 0.92 % 0.60 % 0.32 % 0.84 % 0.59 % 0.25 %
Return on average equity 15.25 % 10.41 % 4.84 % 14.27 % 10.18 % 4.09 %
Net interest margin (1)
2.36 % 1.91 % 0.45 % 2.30 % 1.88 % 0.42 %
Efficiency ratio (1) (2)
54.06 % 63.28 % (9.22) % 55.60 % 64.16 % (8.56) %
Dividend payout ratio 45.47 % 70.71 % (25.24) % 50.44 % 74.31 % (23.87) %
Average equity to average assets ratio
6.05 % 5.73 % 0.32 % 5.91 % 5.68 % 0.23 %
As of September 30,
2025 2024 Change
Nonperforming assets to total assets (2)
0.00 % 0.01 % (0.01) %
Equity to assets ratio 6.40 % 5.90 % 0.50 %
Tangible common equity ratio 6.40 % 5.90 % 0.50 %
(1) Amounts are presented on a FTE basis. These are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.
(2) A lower ratio is more desirable.

Definitions of ratios:
• Return on average assets - annualized net income divided by average assets.
• Return on average equity - annualized net income divided by average stockholders' equity.
• Net interest margin - annualized tax-equivalent net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.
• Efficiency ratio - noninterest expense (excluding other real estate owned expense and write-down of premises) divided by noninterest income (excluding net securities gains/losses and gains/losses on disposition of premises and equipment) plus tax-equivalent net interest income.
• Dividend payout ratio - dividends paid to common stockholders divided by net income.
• Average equity to average assets ratio - average equity divided by average assets.
• Nonperforming assets to total assets - total nonperforming assets divided by total assets.
• Equity to assets ratio - equity divided by assets.
• Tangible common equity ratio - common equity less intangible assets (none held) divided by tangible assets.


36

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net Interest Income

The following tables present average balances and related interest income or interest expense, with the resulting annualized average yield or rate by category of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities. Interest income and the resulting net interest income
are shown on a FTE basis.

Data for the three months ended September 30:
Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Yield/Rate
2025 2024 Change Change-
% 		2025 2024 Change Change-
% 		2025 2024 Change
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial $ 499,754 $ 507,127 $ (7,373) (1.45) % $ 8,182 $ 8,514 $ (332) (3.90) % 6.50 % 6.68 % (0.18) %
Real estate (3)
2,436,758 2,469,145 (32,387) (1.31) % 33,647 33,721 (74) (0.22) % 5.48 % 5.43 % 0.05 %
Consumer and other 23,450 15,000 8,450 56.33 % 399 282 117 41.49 % 6.75 % 7.48 % (0.73) %
Total loans 2,959,962 2,991,272 (31,310) (1.05) % 42,228 42,517 (289) (0.68) % 5.66 % 5.65 % 0.01 %
Securities:
Taxable 425,238 468,100 (42,862) (9.16) % 2,643 3,261 (618) (18.95) % 2.49 % 2.79 % (0.30) %
Tax-exempt (3)
121,446 141,214 (19,768) (14.00) % 770 822 (52) (6.33) % 2.54 % 2.33 % 0.21 %
Total securities 546,684 609,314 (62,630) (10.28) % 3,413 4,083 (670) (16.41) % 2.50 % 2.68 % (0.18) %
Deposits with banks 186,474 149,102 37,372 25.06 % 2,087 2,041 46 2.25 % 4.44 % 5.45 % (1.01) %
Securities purchased under
agreements to resell 97,034 — 97,034 N/A 1,258 — 1,258 N/A 5.07 % — % 5.07 %
Total interest-earning assets (3)
$ 3,790,154 $ 3,749,688 $ 40,466 1.08 % 48,986 48,641 345 0.71 % 5.13 % 5.16 % (0.03) %
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest-bearing demand $ 457,323 $ 453,589 $ 3,734 0.82 % 1,830 2,167 (337) (15.55) % 1.59 % 1.90 % (0.31) %
Savings and money market 1,817,719 1,609,695 208,024 12.92 % 15,021 15,566 (545) (3.50) % 3.28 % 3.85 % (0.57) %
Time deposits 547,133 665,938 (118,805) (17.84) % 5,688 8,343 (2,655) (31.82) % 4.12 % 4.98 % (0.86) %
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,822,175 2,729,222 92,953 3.41 % 22,539 26,076 (3,537) (13.56) % 3.17 % 3.80 % (0.63) %
Borrowed Funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings 1 8,132 (8,131) (99.99) % — 115 (115) (100.00) % 4.52 % 5.62 % (1.10) %
Subordinated notes, net 80,058 79,792 266 0.33 % 1,107 1,112 (5) (0.45) % 5.49 % 5.55 % (0.06) %
Federal Home Loan Bank
advances 270,000 315,000 (45,000) (14.29) % 2,292 2,748 (456) (16.59) % 3.37 % 3.47 % (0.10) %
Long-term debt 39,407 44,407 (5,000) (11.26) % 486 601 (115) (19.13) % 4.90 % 5.38 % (0.48) %
Total borrowed funds 389,466 447,331 (57,865) (12.94) % 3,885 4,576 (691) (15.10) % 3.96 % 4.07 % (0.11) %
Total interest-bearing
liabilities $ 3,211,641 $ 3,176,553 $ 35,088 1.10 % 26,424 30,652 (4,228) (13.79) % 3.26 % 3.84 % (0.58) %
Net interest income (FTE) (4)
$ 22,562 $ 17,989 $ 4,573 25.42 %
Net interest spread (FTE) 1.87 % 1.32 % 0.55 %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
2.36 % 1.91 % 0.45 %
37

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Data for the nine months ended September 30:
Average Balance Interest Income/Expense Yield/Rate
2025 2024 Change Change-
% 		2025 2024 Change Change-
% 		2025 2024 Change
Interest-earning assets:
Loans: (1) (2)
Commercial $ 519,911 $ 525,870 $ (5,959) (1.13) % $ 25,167 $ 26,266 $ (1,099) (4.18) % 6.47 % 6.67 % (0.20) %
Real estate (3)
2,447,208 2,438,739 8,469 0.35 % 98,704 97,438 1,266 1.30 % 5.39 % 5.34 % 0.05 %
Consumer and other 21,248 13,916 7,332 52.69 % 1,070 785 285 36.31 % 6.73 % 7.53 % (0.80) %
Total loans 2,988,367 2,978,525 9,842 0.33 % 124,941 124,489 452 0.36 % 5.59 % 5.58 % 0.01 %
Securities:
Taxable 428,445 478,742 (50,297) (10.51) % 8,116 10,071 (1,955) (19.41) % 2.53 % 2.80 % (0.27) %
Tax-exempt (3)
123,371 141,354 (17,983) (12.72) % 2,321 2,501 (180) (7.20) % 2.51 % 2.36 % 0.15 %
Total securities 551,816 620,096 (68,280) (11.01) % 10,437 12,572 (2,135) (16.98) % 2.52 % 2.70 % (0.18) %
Deposits with banks 195,696 94,026 101,670 108.13 % 6,551 3,855 2,696 69.94 % 4.48 % 5.48 % (1.00) %
Securities purchased under
agreements to resell 33,279 — 33,279 N/A 1,280 — 1,280 N/A 5.14 % — % 5.14 %
Total interest-earning assets (3)
$ 3,769,158 $ 3,692,647 $ 76,511 2.07 % 143,209 140,916 2,293 1.63 % 5.08 % 5.10 % (0.02) %
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Interest-bearing demand $ 498,965 $ 460,005 $ 38,960 8.47 % 6,192 6,550 (358) (5.47) % 1.66 % 1.90 % (0.24) %
Savings and money market 1,714,363 1,504,553 209,810 13.95 % 41,509 42,054 (545) (1.30) % 3.24 % 3.73 % (0.49) %
Time 598,560 622,105 (23,545) (3.78) % 18,937 22,974 (4,037) (17.57) % 4.23 % 4.93 % (0.70) %
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,811,888 2,586,663 225,225 8.71 % 66,638 71,578 (4,940) (6.90) % 3.17 % 3.70 % (0.53) %
Borrowed funds:
Federal funds purchased and
other short-term borrowings 1 101,166 (101,165) (100.00) % — 4,248 (4,248) (100.00) % 4.63 % 5.61 % (0.98) %
Subordinated notes, net 79,991 79,726 265 0.33 % 3,316 3,325 (9) (0.27) % 5.54 % 5.57 % (0.03) %
Federal Home Loan Bank
advances 270,000 315,000 (45,000) (14.29) % 6,786 7,791 (1,005) (12.90) % 3.36 % 3.30 % 0.06 %
Long-term debt 40,657 45,674 (5,017) (10.98) % 1,508 1,868 (360) (19.27) % 4.96 % 5.46 % (0.50) %
Total borrowed funds 390,649 541,566 (150,917) (27.87) % 11,610 17,232 (5,622) (32.63) % 3.97 % 4.25 % (0.28) %
Total interest-bearing
liabilities $ 3,202,537 $ 3,128,229 $ 74,308 2.38 % 78,248 88,810 (10,562) (11.89) % 3.27 % 3.79 % (0.52) %
Net interest income (FTE) (4)
$ 64,961 $ 52,106 $ 12,855 24.67 %
Net interest spread (FTE) 1.81 % 1.31 % 0.50 %
Net interest margin (FTE) (4)
2.30 % 1.88 % 0.42 %
(1) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans has been included.
(2) Interest income on loans includes amortization of loan fees and costs and prepayment penalties collected, which are not material.
(3) Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis using a federal income tax rate of 21 percent and is adjusted to reflect the effect of the nondeductible interest expense associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans.
(4) Net interest income (FTE) and net interest margin (FTE) are non-GAAP financial measures. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.

38

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company's largest component of net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets, consisting primarily of loans and securities, and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, consisting of deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in net interest income can result from the combination of changes in the average balances of asset and liability categories and changes in interest rates. Interest rates earned and paid are also affected by general economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, and by competitive factors, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. The Federal Reserve decreased the target federal funds interest rate by a total of 100 basis points from September through December of 2024, which impacted the comparability of the net interest margin between the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Additionally, in September 2025, the Federal Reserve decreased the target federal funds interest rate by 25 basis points.

Net interest margin on a FTE basis, a non-GAAP financial measure, is a measure of the net return on interest-earning assets and is computed by dividing annualized tax-equivalent net interest income by total average interest-earning assets for the period. The net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by 45 and 42 basis points, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. Tax-equivalent net interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $4,573 and $12,855, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2024.

Tax-equivalent interest income on loans decreased $289 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in tax-equivalent interest income on loans for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in average loan balances. Tax-equivalent interest income on loans increased $452 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in interest income on loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was driven primarily by an increase in the average loan balances. The average balance of loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $9,842, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The yield on the loan portfolio increased by 1 basis point for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. While the fixed-rate loan portfolio has benefited from higher prevailing market rates for originations and renewals compared to the roll off rates, the yield on the variable-rate loan portfolio has decreased due to reductions in the prime rate and SOFR rates driven by the reductions in the federal funds rate since September 2024.

The yield on the Company's loan portfolio is affected by the portfolio's loan mix, the interest rate environment, the effects of competition, the level of nonaccrual loans and reversals of previously accrued interest on charged-off loans. The political and economic environments can also influence the volume of new loan originations and the mix of variable-rate versus fixed-rate loans. The yield on the loan portfolio is expected to increase in flat and rising rate environments as variable-rate loans reprice at higher rates and renewals and new originations are priced at prevailing market rates, which exceed the roll-off rate of principal repayments on existing loans. In a declining rate environment, the yield on variable-rate loans will decline; however, as long as market rates remain higher than the yield on the fixed-rate portfolio, renewals and originations will continue to increase the yield on the fixed-rate portfolio.

Tax-equivalent interest income on securities decreased $670 and $2,135, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in average balances of securities. This decrease in average balances of securities was driven by calls and principal paydowns on securities, which have been reinvested in the loan portfolio, deposits with banks and securities purchased under agreements to resell.

Interest income on deposits with banks increased $46 and $2,696, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the average balances of interest-bearing deposits with banks. This increase in balance sheet liquidity was driven by the growth in average deposit balances. Additionally, the Company began investing in securities purchased under agreements to resell in June 2025. These produced interest income of $1,258 and $1,280 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The average balance of interest-bearing deposits increased $92,953 and $225,225, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The rate paid on interest-bearing deposits decreased 63 and 53 basis points for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease in the cost of deposits was primarily driven by the reductions in the federal funds rate since September of 2024.

39

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Interest expense on borrowed funds decreased $691 and $5,622, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The average balance of borrowed funds decreased $57,865 and $150,917, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The largest drivers of the decrease in average borrowed funds balances were decreases in average balances of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings and FHLB advances. The average balance of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings decreased $8,131 and $101,165, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024 primarily due to increases in average customer deposits. The average balance of FHLB advances decreased by $45,000 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. FHLB advances with a total balance of $45,000 matured in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Credit Loss Expense and the Related Allowance for Credit Losses

The credit loss expense recorded on the income statement represents a charge made to earnings to maintain an adequate allowance for credit losses. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is evaluated quarterly by management and reviewed by the Board of Directors. The allowance for credit losses is management's estimate of expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The Company recorded no credit loss expense for loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The Company recorded a credit loss expense for loans of $1,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The credit loss expense for loans recorded in 2024 was primarily due to changes in the forecasted loss rates which were driven by increases in forecasted unemployment rates. The Company recorded no credit loss expense related to unfunded commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to a negative credit loss expense of $1,000 related to unfunded commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The negative credit loss expense related to unfunded commitments recorded in 2024 was primarily due to decreases in the balance of unfunded commitments resulting primarily from the funding of construction loans. Management believed the allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2025 was adequate to absorb expected losses in the loan portfolio as of that date.

Factors management considers in establishing an appropriate allowance include: the borrower's financial condition; the value and adequacy of loan collateral; the condition of the local economy and the borrower's specific industry; the levels and trends of loans by segment; and a review of delinquent and classified loans. The quarterly evaluation of the allowance focuses on factors such as specific loan reviews, changes in the components of the loan portfolio given the current and forecasted economic conditions, and historical loss experience. Any one of the following conditions may result in the review of a specific loan: concern about whether the customer's cash flow or net worth is sufficient to repay the loan; delinquency status; criticism of the loan in a regulatory examination; the suspension of interest accrual; or other factors, including whether the loan has other special or unusual characteristics that suggest special monitoring is warranted. The Company's concentration risks include geographic concentrations in central and eastern Iowa and southern Minnesota. The local economies in those markets are composed primarily of major financial service companies, healthcare providers, educational institutions, technology and agribusiness companies, and state and local governments.

West Bank has a significant portion of its loan portfolio in commercial real estate loans, commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, and construction and land development loans. West Bank's typical commercial borrower is a small- or medium-sized, privately owned business entity. Compared to residential mortgages or consumer loans, commercial loans typically have larger balances and repayment usually depends on the borrowers' successful business operations. Commercial loans generally are not fully repaid over the loan period and may require refinancing or a large payoff at maturity. When the economy turns downward, commercial borrowers may not be able to repay their loans, and the value of their assets, which are usually pledged as collateral, may decrease rapidly and significantly.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, further reduction in the carrying amounts of loans may be necessary based on changes in circumstances, changes in the overall economy in the markets we currently serve, or later acquired information. Identifiable sectors within the general economy are subject to additional volatility, which at any time may have a substantial impact on the loan portfolio. In addition, regulatory agencies, as integral parts of their examination processes, periodically review the credit quality of the loan portfolio and the level of the allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require West Bank to recognize additional charge-offs or provisions for credit losses based on such agencies' review of information available to them at the time of their examinations.


40

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
West Bank's policy is to charge off loans when, in management's opinion, a loan or a portion of a loan is deemed uncollectible. Commercially reasonable efforts are made to maximize subsequent recoveries. The following table summarizes the activity in the Company's allowance for credit losses on loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and related ratios.

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024 Change 2025 2024 Change
Balance at beginning of period $ 30,539 $ 28,422 $ 2,117 $ 30,432 $ 28,342 $ 2,090
Charge-offs (35) (16) (19) (35) (20) (15)
Recoveries 11 13 (2) 118 97 21
Net (charge-offs) recoveries (24) (3) (21) 83 77 6
Provision for credit losses charged
(credited) to operations — 1,000 (1,000) — 1,000 (1,000)
Balance at end of period $ 30,515 $ 29,419 $ 1,096 $ 30,515 $ 29,419 $ 1,096
Average loans outstanding $ 2,959,962 $ 2,991,272 $ 2,988,367 $ 2,978,525
Ratio of annualized net (charge-offs)
recoveries during the period to average
loans outstanding 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses for
loans to average loans outstanding 1.03 % 0.98 % 1.02 % 0.99 %
Ratio of allowance for credit losses for
loans to total loans at end of period 1.01 % 0.97 % 1.01 % 0.97 %



41

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Noninterest Income

The following tables show the variance from the prior year in the noninterest income categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Three Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest income: 2025 2024 Change Change %
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 491 $ 459 $ 32 6.97 %
Debit card usage fees 477 500 (23) (4.60) %
Trust services 894 828 66 7.97 %
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 308 287 21 7.32 %
Other income 333 285 48 16.84 %
Total noninterest income $ 2,503 $ 2,359 $ 144 6.10 %
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest income: 2025 2024 Change Change %
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 1,448 $ 1,381 $ 67 4.85 %
Debit card usage fees 1,401 1,448 (47) (3.25) %
Trust services 2,472 2,398 74 3.09 %
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance 885 839 46 5.48 %
Other income 950 938 12 1.28 %
Total noninterest income $ 7,156 $ 7,004 $ 152 2.17 %




42

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Noninterest Expense

The following tables show the variance from the prior year in the noninterest expense categories shown in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, accounts within the “other expenses” category that represent a significant portion of the total or a significant variance are shown below.

Three Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest expense: 2025 2024 Change Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 7,457 $ 6,823 $ 634 9.29 %
Occupancy and equipment 2,090 1,926 164 8.52 %
Data processing 663 771 (108) (14.01) %
Technology and software 794 722 72 9.97 %
FDIC insurance 637 711 (74) (10.41) %
Professional fees 303 239 64 26.78 %
Director fees 195 223 (28) (12.56) %
Other expenses:
Insurance expense 186 197 (11) (5.58) %
Business development 249 216 33 15.28 %
Trust 189 168 21 12.50 %
Consulting fees 70 61 9 14.75 %
Marketing 22 12 10 83.33 %
Low income housing projects amortization 114 123 (9) (7.32) %
New markets tax credit project amortization and management
fees 		76 230 (154) (66.96) %
All other 505 470 35 7.45 %
Total other expenses 1,411 1,477 (66) (4.47) %
Total noninterest expense $ 13,550 $ 12,892 $ 658 5.10 %
Nine Months Ended September 30,
Noninterest expense: 2025 2024 Change Change %
Salaries and employee benefits $ 21,804 $ 20,481 $ 1,323 6.46 %
Occupancy and equipment 6,087 5,225 862 16.50 %
Data processing 1,923 2,239 (316) (14.11) %
Technology and software 2,371 2,153 218 10.13 %
FDIC insurance 1,894 1,861 33 1.77 %
Professional fees 914 740 174 23.51 %
Director fees 603 658 (55) (8.36) %
Other expenses:
Insurance expense 771 592 179 30.24 %
Business development 663 613 50 8.19 %
Trust 566 495 71 14.34 %
Consulting fees 201 198 3 1.52 %
Marketing 58 75 (17) (22.67) %
Low income housing projects amortization 399 439 (40) (9.11) %
New markets tax credit project amortization and management
fees 		228 689 (461) (66.91) %
All other 1,616 1,496 120 8.02 %
Total other 4,502 4,597 (95) (2.07) %
Total noninterest expense $ 40,098 $ 37,954 $ 2,144 5.65 %


43

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Salaries and employee benefits increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due primarily to an increase in incentive compensation related accruals. Occupancy and equipment expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months September 30, 2024 primarily due to an increase in occupancy costs related to new bank buildings. The Company's new headquarters, which opened in April 2024, contributed to the increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and the new branch building in Owatonna, Minnesota, which opened in January 2025, contributed to the increase for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. Insurance expense increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to increased coverage related to these new bank buildings and general increases in insurance costs.

Technology and software expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to ongoing updates in information technology and security solutions. New market tax credit project amortization declined with the expiration of the related tax credit.

Income Tax Expense

The Company recorded income tax expense of $2,140 (18.7 percent of pre-tax income) and $6,698 (21.0 percent of pre-tax income) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $1,475 (19.9 percent of pre-tax income) and $4,037 (19.2 percent of pre-tax income) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was due to a change in estimate of energy-related investment tax credits in the third quarter of 2025. The increase in effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to the expiration of the new markets tax credit at the end of 2024. The tax rates for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 were impacted by total year-to-date tax credits of approximately $495 and $1,131, respectively. The Company's consolidated income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate in each period, primarily due to tax-exempt interest income, the tax-exempt increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance, disallowed interest expense, and state income taxes. Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a tax benefit of $85 was recorded as a result of the increase in fair value of restricted stock over the vesting period, compared to a tax benefit of $2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
44

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The Company had total assets of $3,985,480 as of September 30, 2025, compared to total assets of $4,014,991 as of December 31, 2024. Changes in the balance sheet included increases in securities purchased under agreements to resell and stockholders' equity and decreases in deposits and interest-earning deposits in banks.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2025, the Company held securities purchased under agreements to resell of $96,792 compared to none at December 31, 2024. The Company uses these instruments as short-term secured investments which have a maturity of approximately 30 days. Balances will fluctuate based on the Company's liquidity and investment strategies.

Securities

Securities available for sale decreased by $6,709 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This decrease was primarily due to calls and principal paydowns on securities, partially offset by a decrease in unrealized losses on securities since December 31, 2024. Management concluded unrealized losses in the portfolio as of September 30, 2025 are the result of increases in risk-free market interest rates since the securities were purchased and are not an indication of declining credit quality. Unrealized losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax. The Company expects the securities portfolio as a percentage of total assets to decrease over time as the proceeds from paydowns and maturities may be used for loan growth or repayment of borrowed funds.

As of September 30, 2025, approximately 62 percent of the available for sale securities portfolio consisted of government agency guaranteed collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage-backed securities. Management believes these securities have little to no credit risk and provide cash flows for liquidity and repricing opportunities.

Loans and Nonperforming Assets

Loans outstanding increased $4,028 from $3,004,860 as of December 31, 2024 to $3,008,888 as of September 30, 2025. Changes in the loan portfolio during the first nine months of 2025 included an increase of $51,040 in commercial real estate loans and a decrease of $59,487 in construction, land and land development loans.

In accordance with regulatory guidelines, the Company exercises heightened risk management practices when non-owner occupied commercial real estate lending exceeds 300 percent of total risk-based capital or construction, land and land development loans exceed 100 percent of total risk-based capital. Although the commercial real estate portfolio exceeded these regulatory guidelines as of September 30, 2025, they were within the Company's established policy limits and management believes that the Company has appropriate risk management policies and procedures to regularly monitor the commercial real estate portfolio. An analysis of the Company's non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2024 was presented in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025, and the Company has not experienced any material changes to that portfolio since December 31, 2024.


45

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The following table sets forth the amount of nonperforming assets held by the Company and common ratio measurements of those assets as of the dates shown.

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change
Nonaccrual loans $ — $ 133 $ (133)
Loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest — — —
Loan restructurings (1)
— — —
Total nonperforming loans — 133 (133)
Other real estate owned — — —
Total nonperforming assets $ — $ 133 $ (133)
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.00 % 0.00 % 0.00 %
(1) While loan restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty (loan restructurings) are commonly reported by the industry as nonperforming, those not classified in the nonaccrual category are accruing interest due to payment performance. Loan restructurings on nonaccrual status are categorized as nonaccrual. There were no loan restructurings categorized as nonaccrual as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Deposits

Deposits decreased $51,079, or 1.5 percent, during the first nine months of 2025. Brokered deposits decreased to $204,832 at September 30, 2025, from $266,418 at December 31, 2024. Excluding brokered deposits, deposits increased $10,507, or 0.3 percent, during the first nine months of 2025. Deposit inflows and outflows can be influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions, normal operating cycles of public fund deposits and fluctuations in our business customers' own liquidity needs.

In the first nine months of 2025, the Company entered into three interest rate collar agreements with a total notional amount of $100,000 to mitigate interest rate risk on certain customer deposits. The structure of the interest rate collars is such that the Company pays the counterparty an incremental amount if the index rate falls below the floor rate. Conversely, the Company receives an incremental amount if the index rate rises above the cap rate.

West Bank participates in a reciprocal deposit network which enables depositors to receive FDIC insurance coverage on deposits otherwise exceeding the maximum insurable amount. As of September 30, 2025, estimated uninsured deposits, which exclude deposits in reciprocal deposit networks, brokered deposits and public funds protected by state programs, were approximately 28.6 percent of total deposits.

Borrowed Funds

The Company had $270,000 of FHLB advances outstanding at September 30, 2025, all of which are one-month rolling advances hedged with long-term interest rate swaps. The interest rate swaps that hedge the interest rates on these FHLB advances have maturity dates ranging from July 2026 through June 2029 and fixed rates ranging from 1.86 percent to 4.32 percent. This strategy of hedging short-term rolling funding provides cost effective fixed-rate wholesale funding through the maturity dates of the various interest rate swaps.

Liquidity

The objectives of liquidity management are to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to meet all financial commitments and to capitalize on opportunities for profitable business expansion. The Company's principal source of funds is deposits. Other sources include loan principal repayments, proceeds from the maturity and sale of securities, principal payments on amortizing securities, federal funds purchased, advances from the FHLB, other wholesale funding and funds provided by operations. Liquidity management is conducted on both a daily and a long-term basis. Investments in liquid assets are adjusted based on expected loan demand, projected loan and securities maturities and payments, expected deposit flows and the objectives set by the Company's asset-liability management policy. The Company had liquid assets (cash and cash equivalents) of $232,932 as of September 30, 2025 compared with $243,478 as of December 31, 2024.
46

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Our deposit growth strategy emphasizes core deposit growth. Deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing market interest rates, competition, local and national economic conditions, operating cycles of public fund deposits and fluctuations in our business customers' own liquidity needs. The Company utilizes brokered deposits and other wholesale funding to supplement core deposit fluctuations and loan growth. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $204,832 in brokered deposits, which included fixed-rate deposits and variable-rate deposits with terms through February 2027.

As of September 30, 2025, West Bank had additional borrowing capacity available from the FHLB of approximately $545,000, as well as approximately $53,000 through the Federal Reserve discount window and $75,000 through unsecured federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks. Net cash from operating activities contributed $34,686 to liquidity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Management believed that the combination of high levels of liquid assets, unencumbered securities, cash flows from operations, and additional borrowing capacity were sufficient to meet our liquidity needs as of September 30, 2025.

The Company had remaining commitments to invest in qualified affordable housing projects totaling $1,488 and $861 as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Capital

The Company's total stockholders' equity increased to $255,133 at September 30, 2025 from $227,875 at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily the result of growth in retained earnings and the increase in the market value of our available for sale investment portfolio. While accumulated other comprehensive losses reduce tangible common equity, they have no impact on regulatory capital. At September 30, 2025, the Company's tangible common equity as a percent of tangible assets was 6.40 percent, compared to 5.68 percent as of December 31, 2024.

The Company and West Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements (as shown in the following table) can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators, which, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and West Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company's and West Bank's capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Management believed the Company and West Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of September 30, 2025.


47

West Bancorporation, Inc.
Management's Discussion and Analysis
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
The Company's and West Bank's capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table.
Actual For Capital
Adequacy Purposes 		For Capital
Adequacy Purposes With Capital Conservation Buffer 		To Be Well-Capitalized
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
As of September 30, 2025
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated $ 442,602 12.54 % $ 282,290 8.00 % $ 370,506 10.50 % $ 352,863 10.00 %
West Bank 464,483 13.17 % 282,218 8.00 % 370,412 10.50 % 352,773 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 350,542 9.93 % 211,718 6.00 % 299,933 8.50 % 282,290 8.00 %
West Bank 432,423 12.26 % 211,664 6.00 % 299,857 8.50 % 282,218 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 330,542 9.37 % 158,788 4.50 % 247,004 7.00 % 229,361 6.50 %
West Bank 432,423 12.26 % 158,748 4.50 % 246,941 7.00 % 229,303 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated 350,542 8.51 % 164,811 4.00 % 164,811 4.00 % 206,014 5.00 %
West Bank 432,423 10.50 % 164,775 4.00 % 164,775 4.00 % 205,968 5.00 %
As of December 31, 2024
Total Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated $ 429,208 12.11 % $ 283,628 8.00 % $ 372,261 10.50 % $ 354,535 10.00 %
West Bank 455,572 12.86 % 283,468 8.00 % 372,051 10.50 % 354,335 10.00 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 337,232 9.51 % 212,721 6.00 % 301,354 8.50 % 283,628 8.00 %
West Bank 423,596 11.95 % 212,601 6.00 % 301,184 8.50 % 283,468 8.00 %
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to Risk-Weighted Assets)
Consolidated 317,232 8.95 % 159,541 4.50 % 248,174 7.00 % 230,447 6.50 %
West Bank 423,596 11.95 % 159,451 4.50 % 248,034 7.00 % 230,317 6.50 %
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Consolidated 337,232 7.93 % 170,113 4.00 % 170,113 4.00 % 212,641 5.00 %
West Bank 423,596 9.97 % 170,029 4.00 % 170,029 4.00 % 212,537 5.00 %

The Company and West Bank are subject to a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a capital conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At September 30, 2025, the capital ratios for the Company and West Bank were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk arising from its core banking activities of lending and deposit taking. Interest rate risk refers to the exposure arising from changes in interest rates. Fluctuations in interest rates have a significant impact not only upon net income, but also upon the cash flows and market values of assets and liabilities. Our results of operations, like those of other financial institutions, are impacted by changes in interest rates and the interest rate sensitivity of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Management continually develops and applies strategies to mitigate this risk.

The Company’s objectives are to manage interest rate risk to foster consistent growth of earnings and capital. It is our policy to maintain an acceptable level of interest rate risk over a range of possible changes in interest rates while remaining responsive to market demand for loan and deposit products. To measure that risk, the Company uses an earnings simulation approach.

The Company has an Asset Liability Committee which meets quarterly to review the interest rate sensitivity position and to review and develop various strategies for managing interest rate risk. Measuring and maintaining interest rate risk is a dynamic process that management performs with the objective of maximizing net interest margin while maintaining interest rate risk within acceptable tolerances. This process relies primarily on the simulation of net interest income over multiple interest rate scenarios. The Company engages a third party that utilizes a modeling program to measure the Company’s exposure to potential interest rate changes. For various assumed hypothetical changes in market interest rates, this analysis measures the estimated change in net interest income. The simulations allow for ongoing assessment of interest rate sensitivity and can include the impact of potential new business strategies. The modeled scenarios begin with a base case in which rates are unchanged and include parallel and nonparallel rate shocks. The model includes deposit beta assumptions which are estimates of changes in interest-bearing deposit pricing for a given change in market interest rates. The results of the rate shocks are measured in two forms: first, the impact on the net interest margin and earnings over one and two year time frames; and second, the impact on the market value of equity. The results of the simulation are compared against approved policy limits.

The following table presents the estimated change in net interest income over a one year time horizon under several scenarios of assumed interest rate changes for the rate shock levels shown. The changes in each interest rate scenario represents the difference between estimated net interest income in the unchanged interest rate scenario, or the base case, and the estimated net interest income in each of the alternative interest rate scenarios. The net interest income in each scenario is based on immediate parallel yield curve changes in the interest rates applied to a static balance sheet. This analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results.
At September 30, 2025
Sensitivity of Net Interest Income Over One Year Horizon
Change in Interest Rates $ Change % Change
300 basis points rising $(7,824) (8.06)%
200 basis points rising (5,149) (5.31)
100 basis points rising (2,546) (2.62)
100 basis points falling 2,477 2.55
200 basis points falling 4,231 4.36
300 basis points falling 5,269 5.43

Computations of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions. The assumptions used in our interest rate sensitivity simulation discussed above are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the simulations cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results may differ from those projections set forth above due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and customer behavior. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Company may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

a. Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures . As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) was performed under the supervision, and with the participation, of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.

b. Changes in internal control over financial reporting . There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Neither the Company nor West Bank is a party, and no property of these entities is subject, to any material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to West Bank's business. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or West Bank.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Management does not believe there have been any material changes in the risk factors that were disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

Item 6. Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:
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Exhibits Description
3.1
Restatement of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of West Bancorporation, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 10-K on March 1, 2017)
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of West Bancorporation, Inc. as of January 23, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the Form 8-K on January 24, 2019)
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and combined in Exhibit 101)
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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

West Bancorporation, Inc.
(Registrant)
October 23, 2025 By: /s/ David D. Nelson
Date David D. Nelson
Chief Executive Officer and President
(Principal Executive Officer)
October 23, 2025 By: /s/ Jane M. Funk
Date Jane M. Funk
Executive Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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