AHH 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

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ahh-20250930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM			10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35908

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland

46-1214914

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

222 Central Park Avenue

Suite 1000

Virginia Beach

Virginia

23462

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

( 757 ) 366-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

AHH

New York Stock Exchange

6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share

AHHPrA

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes ☒ No

As of October 31, 2025, the registrant had 80,153,392 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding. In addition, as of October 31, 2025, Armada Hoffler, L.P., the registrant's operating partnership subsidiary, had 23,521,226 units of limited partnership interest ("OP Units") outstanding (other than OP Units held by the registrant).

Table of Content

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

Table of Contents


		Page

Part I. Financial Information		1

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	56

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	56

Part II. Other Information		57

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	57

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	57

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	57

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	57

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	57

Item 5.	Other Information	57

Item 6.	Exhibits	58



Signatures		59

Table of Content

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value and share data)


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Real estate investments:
Income producing property	$	2,441,965	$	2,173,787
Held for development	5,683		5,683
Construction in progress	27,890		17,515
	2,475,538		2,196,985
Accumulated depreciation	( 504,419 )		( 451,907 )
Net real estate investments	1,971,119		1,745,078
Real estate investments held for sale	4,800		4,800
Cash and cash equivalents	46,511		70,642
Restricted cash	3,313		1,581
Accounts receivable, net	58,274		52,860
Notes receivable, net	152,288		132,565
Construction receivables, including retentions, net	34,587		84,624
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	2,638		6
Equity method investments	47,880		158,151
Operating lease right-of-use assets	22,669		22,841
Finance lease right-of-use assets	87,868		88,986
Acquired lease intangible assets	80,181		89,739
Other assets	65,007		60,990
Total Assets	$	2,577,135	$	2,512,863
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Indebtedness, net	$	1,485,657	$	1,295,559

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	41,295		38,840
Construction payables, including retentions	39,658		104,495
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings	5,755		5,871
Operating lease liabilities	31,242		31,365
Finance lease liabilities	93,280		92,646
Other liabilities	36,609		54,418
Total Liabilities	1,733,496		1,623,194



Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized: 6.75 % Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, 9,980,000 shares authorized; 6,843,418 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024	171,085		171,085
Common stock,$ 0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 80,154,922 and 79,695,938 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively	804		797
Additional paid-in capital	723,800		714,640
Distributions in excess of earnings	( 257,724 )		( 218,623 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income	870		2,737
Total stockholders’ equity	638,835		670,636
Noncontrolling interests in investment entities	8,662		9,180
Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership	196,142		209,853
Total Equity	843,639		889,669
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	2,577,135	$	2,512,863

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Content

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(In thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	68,724	$	68,598	$	197,672	$	193,744
General contracting and real estate services revenues	23,192		114,353		101,782		358,167
Interest income	4,166		4,701		12,534		13,959
Total revenues	96,082		187,652		311,988		565,870

Expenses
Rental expenses	17,622		16,652		49,323		46,344
Real estate taxes	6,148		6,184		18,675		17,995
General contracting and real estate services expenses	21,128		110,987		96,970		346,385
Depreciation and amortization	23,113		23,684		68,081		65,697
General and administrative expenses	4,447		5,187		17,831		15,564
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	10		2		350		5,530
Impairment charges	350		—		350		1,494
Total expenses	72,818		162,696		251,580		499,009

Operating income	23,264		24,956		60,408		66,861
Interest expense	( 22,718 )		( 21,387 )		( 62,098 )		( 60,589 )
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities	38		—		( 2,197 )		—
Gain on consolidation of real estate entities	—		—		6,915		—
Loss on extinguishment of debt	( 69 )		( 113 )		( 69 )		( 113 )
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	( 1,216 )		( 10,308 )		( 1,778 )		6,978
Unrealized credit loss release (provision)	126		( 198 )		313		( 53 )
Other income (expense), net	28		96		( 44 )		254
(Loss) income before taxes	( 547 )		( 6,954 )		1,450		13,338
Income tax (provision) benefit	( 192 )		( 592 )		185		120
Net (loss) income	( 739 )		( 7,546 )		1,635		13,458
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Investment entities	51		17		131		( 34 )
Operating Partnership	768		2,491		1,458		( 1,217 )
Net income (loss) attributable to Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc.	80		( 5,038 )		3,224		12,207
Preferred stock dividends	( 2,887 )		( 2,887 )		( 8,661 )		( 8,661 )
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	( 2,807 )	$	( 7,925 )	$	( 5,437 )	$	3,546
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share (basic and diluted)	$	( 0.04 )	$	( 0.11 )	$	( 0.07 )	$	0.05
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic and diluted)	80,155		68,931		80,101		67,630




Comprehensive (loss) income:
Net (loss) income	$	( 739 )	$	( 7,546 )	$	1,635	$	13,458
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains (losses)	99		( 3,350 )		( 1,317 )		1,188
Realized cash flow hedge gains reclassified to net income (loss)	( 324 )		( 1,325 )		( 948 )		( 6,365 )
Comprehensive (loss) income	( 964 )		( 12,221 )		( 630 )		8,281
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Investment entities	10		17		22		5
Operating Partnership	826		3,609		1,966		14
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc.	$	( 128 )	$	( 8,595 )	$	1,358	$	8,300

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Content

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In thousands, except share data) (Unaudited)


	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital			Distributions in excess of earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income		Total stockholders' equity		Noncontrolling interests in investment entities		Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership		Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2024	$	171,085	$	797	$	714,640		$	( 218,623 )	$	2,737	$	670,636	$	9,180	$	209,853	$	889,669

Net loss	—		—		—			( 2,805 )		—		( 2,805 )		( 3 )		( 1,535 )		( 4,343 )
Unrealized cash flow hedge losses	—		—		—			—		( 827 )		( 827 )		—		( 223 )		( 1,050 )
Realized cash flow hedge gains (losses) reclassified to net loss	—		—		—			—		( 279 )		( 279 )		41		( 75 )		( 313 )

Net costs from issuance of common stock	—		—		( 14 )			—		—		( 14 )		—		—		( 14 )

Restricted stock awards, net	—		5		2,254			—		—		2,259		—		—		2,259



Redemption of operating partnership units	—		3		2,525			—		—		2,528		—		( 2,532 )		( 4 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—					—		—		( 301 )		—		( 301 )

Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—			( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.140 per share and unit)	—		—		—			( 11,220 )		—		( 11,220 )		—		( 3,044 )		( 14,264 )
Balance, March 31, 2025	$	171,085	$	805	$	719,405		$	( 235,535 )	$	1,631	$	657,391	$	8,917	$	202,444	$	868,752
Net income (loss)	—		—		—			5,949		—		5,949		( 77 )		845		6,717
Unrealized cash flow hedge losses	—		—		—			—		( 287 )		( 287 )		—		( 79 )		( 366 )
Realized cash flow hedge (gains) losses reclassified to net income	—		—		—			—		( 265 )		( 265 )		30		( 76 )		( 311 )

Net costs from issuance of common stock	—		—		( 52 )			—		—		( 52 )		—		—		( 52 )

Restricted stock awards, net	—		( 1 )		1,365			—		—		1,364		—		—		1,364


Non-controlling interest recognized upon consolidation	—		—		—			—		—		—		36,323		—		36,323
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in real estate entity	—		—		2,014			—		—		2,014		( 36,323 )		—		( 34,309 )

Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—	—		—		—		( 135 )		—		( 135 )

Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—			( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.140 per share and unit)	—		—		—			( 11,222 )		—		( 11,222 )		—		( 3,083 )		( 14,305 )
Balance, June 30, 2025	$	171,085	$	804	$	722,732		$	( 243,695 )	$	1,079	$	652,005	$	8,735	$	200,051	$	860,791
Net income (loss)	—		—		—			80		—		80		( 51 )		( 768 )		( 739 )
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains	—		—		—			—		78		78		—		21		99
Realized cash flow hedge (gains) losses reclassified to net income	—		—		—			—		( 287 )		( 287 )		41		( 78 )		( 324 )

Net costs from issuance of common stock	—		—		( 28 )			—		—		( 28 )		—		—		( 28 )

Restricted stock awards, net	—		—		1,123			—		—		1,123		—		—		1,123


Acquisition of noncontrolling interest in real estate entity	—		—		( 27 )			—		—		( 27 )		—		—		( 27 )
Redemption of operating partnership units	—		—		—			—		—		—		—		( 11 )		( 11 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—			—		—		—		( 63 )		—		( 63 )

Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—			( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.140 per share and unit)	—		—		—			( 11,222 )		—		( 11,222 )		—		( 3,073 )		( 14,295 )
Balance, September 30, 2025	$	171,085	$	804	$	723,800		$	( 257,724 )	$	870	$	638,835	$	8,662	$	196,142	$	843,639

Table of Content


	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Distributions in excess of earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income		Total stockholders' equity		Noncontrolling interests in investment entities		Noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership		Total equity
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	171,085	$	668	$	580,687	$	( 184,724 )	$	4,906	$	572,622	$	9,986	$	222,570	$	805,178

Net income	—		—		—		14,073		—		14,073		34		3,618		17,725
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains	—		—		—		—		2,664		2,664		29		861		3,554
Realized cash flow hedge gains reclassified to net income	—		—		—		—		( 2,700 )		( 2,700 )		( 68 )		( 874 )		( 3,642 )

Net costs from issuance of common stock	—		—		( 10 )		—		—		( 10 )		—		—		( 10 )

Restricted stock awards, net	—		2		1,394		—		—		1,396		—		—		1,396




Redemption of operating partnership units	—		—		( 22 )		—		—		( 22 )		—		( 96 )		( 118 )

Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		( 336 )		—		( 336 )


Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—		( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.205 per share and unit)	—		—		—		( 13,733 )		—		( 13,733 )		—		( 4,450 )		( 18,183 )
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	171,085	$	670	$	582,049	$	( 187,271 )	$	4,870	$	571,403	$	9,645	$	221,629	$	802,677
Net income	—		—		—		3,172		—		3,172		17		90		3,279
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains	—		—		—		—		743		743		—		241		984
Realized cash flow hedge gains reclassified to net income	—		—		—		—		( 1,056 )		( 1,056 )		—		( 342 )		( 1,398 )

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	—		4		4,259		—		—		4,263		—		—		4,263

Restricted stock awards, net	—		—		809		—		—		809		—		—		809






Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		( 151 )		—		( 151 )



Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—		( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.205 per share and unit)	—		—		—		( 13,713 )		—		( 13,713 )		—		( 4,457 )		( 18,170 )
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	171,085	$	674	$	587,117	$	( 200,699 )	$	4,557	$	562,734	$	9,511	$	217,161	$	789,406
Net loss	—		—		—		( 5,038 )		—		( 5,038 )		( 17 )		( 2,491 )		( 7,546 )
Unrealized cash flow hedge losses	—		—		—		—		( 2,549 )		( 2,549 )		—		( 801 )		( 3,350 )
Realized cash flow hedge gains reclassified to net income	—		—		—		—		( 1,008 )		( 1,008 )		—		( 317 )		( 1,325 )

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	—		122		125,099		—		—		125,221		—		—		125,221


Restricted stock awards, net	—		—		805		—		—		805		—		—		805






Redemption of operating partnership units	—		1		788		—		—		789		—		( 857 )		( 68 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		( 106 )		—		( 106 )

Dividends declared on preferred stock	—		—		—		( 2,887 )		—		( 2,887 )		—		—		( 2,887 )
Dividends and distributions declared on common shares and units ($ 0.205 per share and unit)	—		—		—		( 14,215 )		—		( 14,215 )		—		( 4,443 )		( 18,658 )
Balance, September 30, 2024	$	171,085	$	797	$	713,809	$	( 222,839 )	$	1,000	$	663,852	$	9,388	$	208,252	$	881,492

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Content

ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	1,635	$	13,458
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation of buildings and tenant improvements	54,042		50,347
Amortization of leasing costs, in-place lease intangibles, and right-of-use assets	14,039		15,350
Accrued straight-line rental revenue	( 7,786 )		( 5,499 )
Amortization of leasing incentives and above or below-market rents	( 1,465 )		( 1,227 )
Accrued straight-line ground rent expense	( 22 )		23
Unrealized credit loss provision (release)	( 313 )		53
Adjustment for uncollectible lease accounts	2,457		1,532
Noncash stock compensation	5,900		3,857
Noncash acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	—		5,528
Impairment charges	350		1,494
Noncash interest expense	3,967		2,967
Gain on consolidation of real estate entities	( 6,915 )		—
Noncash loss on extinguishment of debt	69		113

Change in fair value of derivatives and other	17,567		12,109
Adjustment for receipts on off-market interest rate derivatives	( 16,942 )		( 7,582 )
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities	2,197		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Property assets	( 5,071 )		( 9,239 )
Property liabilities	6,090		9,442
Construction assets	49,693		28,290
Construction liabilities	( 70,380 )		( 17,188 )
Interest receivable	( 11,612 )		( 12,611 )
Net cash provided by operating activities	37,500		91,217
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Development of real estate investments	( 7,971 )		( 27,083 )
Tenant and building improvements	( 35,773 )		( 19,064 )


Notes receivable issuances	( 21,632 )		( 37,044 )
Notes receivable paydowns	—		25,796
Payments to purchase off-market interest rate derivatives	( 18,535 )		—
Receipts on off-market interest rate derivatives	16,942		7,582
Leasing costs	( 5,936 )		( 4,462 )
Leasing incentives	( 10 )		( 10 )
Contributions to equity method investments	( 6,615 )		( 13,299 )
Net cash used for investing activities	( 79,530 )		( 67,584 )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES

(Costs)/proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	( 94 )		129,474
Common shares tendered for tax withholding	( 1,377 )		( 1,140 )

Debt issuances, credit facility, and construction loan borrowings	340,044		215,581
Debt and credit facility repayments, including principal amortization	( 172,887 )		( 146,233 )
Debt issuance costs	( 2,644 )		( 1,048 )
Cash paid on extinguishment of debt	( 69,460 )		( 141,579 )
Acquisition of non-controlling interest in consolidated real estate investments	( 4,227 )		—
Redemption of operating partnership units	( 15 )		( 186 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	( 499 )		( 593 )

Dividends and distributions	( 69,210 )		( 62,349 )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	19,631		( 8,073 )
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	( 22,399 )		15,560
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	72,223		30,166
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period (1)	$	49,824	$	45,726

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

(In thousands)(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Supplemental Disclosures:


(Decrease) increase in dividends and distributions payable	$	( 17,685 )	$	1,323
(Decrease) increase in accrued improvements and development costs	( 6,811 )		2,283



Operating Partnership units redeemed for common shares	2,528		767





Acquisitions of noncontrolling interests	16,653		—
Notes receivable redeemed for acquisition of non-controlling interests	13,335		—
















Equity method investment redeemed due to consolidation	114,689		—

(1) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	46,511	$	43,852
Restricted cash (a)	3,313		1,874
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	49,824	$	45,726

(a) Restricted cash represents amounts held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance, and reserves for capital improvements.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Business of Organization

Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. (the "Company") is a vertically integrated, self-managed real estate investment trust ("REIT") with over four decades of experience developing, building, acquiring, and managing high-quality retail, office, and multifamily properties located primarily in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. The Company also provides general construction and development services to third-party clients, in addition to developing and building properties to be placed in its stabilized portfolio.

The Company is the sole general partner of Armada Hoffler, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership") and, as of September 30, 2025, owned 77.3 % of the economic interest in the Operating Partnership, of which 0.1 % is held as general partnership units. The operations of the Company are carried on primarily through the Operating Partnership and the wholly-owned subsidiaries thereof. Both the Company and the Operating Partnership were formed on October 12, 2012 and commenced operations upon completion of the underwritten initial public offering of shares of the Company’s common stock and certain related formation transactions on May 13, 2013.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company's stabilized operating portfolio consisted of the following properties:


Property (1)	Location	Ownership Interest
Retail
Town Center of Virginia Beach
249 Central Park Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
4525 Main Street Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
4621 Columbus Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Columbus Village*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Commerce Street Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Fountain Plaza Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Pembroke Square*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Premier Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
South Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Studio 56 Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
The Cosmopolitan Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Two Columbus Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
West Retail*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Harbor Point - Baltimore Waterfront
Constellation Retail*	Baltimore, Maryland	90	%
Point Street Retail*	Baltimore, Maryland	100	%
Grocery Anchored
Broad Creek Shopping Center	Norfolk, Virginia	100	%
Broadmoor Plaza	South Bend, Indiana	100	%
Brooks Crossing Retail	Newport News, Virginia	65	%	(2)
Delray Beach Plaza	Delray Beach, Florida	100	%
Greenbrier Square	Chesapeake, Virginia	100	%
Greentree Shopping Center	Chesapeake, Virginia	100	%
Hanbury Village	Chesapeake, Virginia	100	%
Lexington Square	Lexington, South Carolina	100	%
North Pointe Center	Durham, North Carolina	100	%
Parkway Centre	Moultrie, Georgia	100	%

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Parkway Marketplace	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Perry Hall Marketplace	Perry Hall, Maryland	100	%
Sandbridge Commons	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Tyre Neck Harris Teeter	Portsmouth, Virginia	100	%
Southeast Sunbelt
Chronicle Mill Retail	Belmont, North Carolina	85	%	(2)
North Hampton Market	Taylors, South Carolina	100	%
One City Center Retail*	Durham, North Carolina	100	%
Overlook Village	Asheville, North Carolina	100	%
Patterson Place	Durham, North Carolina	100	%
Providence Plaza Retail	Charlotte, North Carolina	100	%
South Square	Durham, North Carolina	100	%
The Interlock Retail*	Atlanta, Georgia	100	%
Wendover Village	Greensboro, North Carolina	100	%
Mid-Atlantic
Dimmock Square	Colonial Heights, Virginia	100	%
Harrisonburg Regal	Harrisonburg, Virginia	100	%
Liberty Retail	Newport News, Virginia	100	%
Marketplace at Hilltop	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Red Mill Commons	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Southgate Square	Colonial Heights, Virginia	100	%
Southshore Shops	Chesterfield, Virginia	100	%
The Edison Retail	Richmond, Virginia	100	%

Office
Town Center of Virginia Beach
249 Central Park Office*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
4525 Main Street Office*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
4605 Columbus Office*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Armada Hoffler Tower*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
One Columbus*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Two Columbus Office*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Harbor Point - Baltimore Waterfront
Constellation Office*	Baltimore, Maryland	90	%
Thames Street Wharf*	Baltimore, Maryland	100	%
Wills Wharf*	Baltimore, Maryland	100	%
Southeast Sunbelt
Chronicle Mill Office	Belmont, North Carolina	85	%	(2)
One City Center Office*	Durham, North Carolina	100	%
Providence Plaza Office	Charlotte, North Carolina	100	%
The Interlock Office*	Atlanta, Georgia	100	%
Mid-Atlantic
Brooks Crossing Office	Newport News, Virginia	100	%

Multifamily
Town Center of Virginia Beach
Encore Apartments*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%

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Premier Apartments*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
The Cosmopolitan*	Virginia Beach, Virginia	100	%
Harbor Point - Baltimore Waterfront
1305 Dock Street*	Baltimore, Maryland	90	%
1405 Point*	Baltimore, Maryland	100	%
Southeast Sunbelt
Chronicle Mill Apartments	Belmont, North Carolina	85	%	(2)

The Everly	Gainesville, Georgia	100	%
Chandler Residences*	Roswell, Georgia	100	%
Mid-Atlantic
The Edison	Richmond, Virginia	100	%
Liberty Apartments	Newport News, Virginia	100	%
Smith's Landing	Blacksburg, Virginia	100	%

________________________________________

*Represents a property located within a mixed-use community.

(1) The Company generally considers a property to be stabilized upon the earlier of (a) the quarter after the property reaches 80 % occupancy, or (b) the thirteenth quarter after the property receives its certificate of occupancy. Additionally, any property that is fully or partially taken out of service for the purpose of redevelopment or impacted by significant disruptive events (e.g. fire, flood) is no longer considered stabilized until the redevelopment or repair activities are complete, the asset is placed back into service, and the stabilization criteria above are again met. A property may also be fully or partially taken out of service as a result of a disposition, depending on the significance of the portion of the property disposed. A property classified as Held for Sale is not considered stabilized.

(2) The Company is entitled to a preferred return on its investment in this property.

As of September 30, 2025, the following properties were under development, under redevelopment, or unstabilized:

Development, Not Stabilized

Segment

Location

Ownership

Southern Post Retail

Retail*

Roswell, Georgia

100 %

Southern Post Office

Office*

Roswell, Georgia

100 %

Allied | Harbor Point Retail

Retail*

Baltimore, Maryland

100 %

Allied | Harbor Point Office Garage

Office*

Baltimore, Maryland

100 %

Allied | Harbor Point

Multifamily*

Baltimore, Maryland

100 %

Redevelopment or impacted by significant disruptive events

Segment

Location

Ownership

Columbus Village II

Retail*

Virginia Beach, Virginia

100

Greenside Apartments

Multifamily

Charlotte, North Carolina

100

________________________________________

*Represents a property located within a mixed-use community.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company’s subsidiaries include the Operating Partnership and the subsidiaries that are wholly owned or in which the Company has a controlling interest, including where the Company has been determined to be a primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity ("VIE") in accordance with the consolidation guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

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In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for the fair presentation of the financial condition, and results of operations for the interim periods presented.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements for interim financial information. Accordingly, these interim financial statements have not been audited and exclude certain disclosures required for annual financial statements. Also, the operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Such estimates are based on management’s historical experience and best judgment after considering past, current, and expected events and economic conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from management’s estimates.

Segments

In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance across the enterprise. Segment information is prepared on the same basis that the CODM reviews information for operational decision-making purposes. The CODM evaluates the performance of each of the Company’s properties and real estate ventures individually and aggregates such properties into segments based on their economic characteristics and classes of tenants. The Company operates in five business segments: (i) retail real estate, (ii) office real estate, (iii) multifamily real estate, (iv) general contracting and real estate services, and (v) real estate financing. The Company’s general contracting and real estate services business develops and builds properties for its own account and also provides construction and development services to both related and third parties. The Company's real estate financing segment includes the Company's real estate financing loans and preferred equity investments on development projects. The Company's CODM has been identified to collectively include the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Reclassifications

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company reclassified amortization of right-of-use assets - finance leases of $ 0.4 million and $ 1.2 million, respectively, from its separate financial statement line item to be included within depreciation and amortization. As a result, depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months then ended increased similarly, compared to previous reporting. These reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders' equity as previously reported.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

Income Taxes

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 as an update to ASC Topic 740, which will become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 enhances the disclosures surrounding income taxes, specifically in relation to the rate reconciliation table and income taxes paid. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 as an update to ASC Topic 220-40, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2024-03 was issued to improve the disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and address request from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including employee compensation,

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depreciation, and amortization) in commonly presented expense captions (such as general and administrative expenses). The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on its consolidated financial statements.

Other Accounting Policies

See the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 for a description of other accounting principles upon which basis the accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared.

3. Segments

The Company operates its business in five reportable segments: (i) retail real estate, (ii) office real estate, (iii) multifamily real estate, (iv) general contracting and real estate services, and (v) real estate financing. Refer to Note 1 for the composition of properties within each property segment.

Net operating income ("NOI") is the primary measure used by the Company’s CODM to assess segment performance. NOI is calculated as segment revenues less segment expenses. Segment revenues include rental revenues for the property segments, general contracting and real estate services revenues for the general contracting and real estate services segment, and interest income for the real estate financing segment. Segment expenses include rental expenses and real estate taxes for the property segments, general contracting and real estate services expenses for the general contracting and real estate services segment, and interest expense for the real estate financing segment. Segment NOI for the general contracting and real estate services segment and the real estate financing segment is also referred to as segment gross profit as illustrated in the table below. NOI is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by GAAP and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, NOI should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate NOI in the same manner. The Company considers NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of the Company’s real estate, construction, and real estate financing businesses.

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The following tables set forth financial information by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands) and includes a reconciliation of the primary measure of segment profit (NOI) to net income (loss):


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Retail Real Estate		Office Real Estate		Multifamily Real Estate		General Contracting and Real Estate Services		Real Estate Financing		Other (1)		Total
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	25,427	$	26,025	$	17,272	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	68,724
General contracting and real estate services revenues (2)	—		—		—		23,192		—		—		23,192
Interest income (real estate financing segment)	—		—		—		—		3,851		315		4,166
Total revenues	25,427		26,025		17,272		23,192		3,851		315		96,082
Expenses
Rental expenses (3)	4,347		6,917		6,358		—		—		—		17,622
Real estate taxes	2,374		2,248		1,526		—		—		—		6,148
General contracting and real estate services expenses (2)	—		—		—		21,128		—		—		21,128
Interest expense (real estate financing segment) (4)	—		—		—		—		2,151		—		2,151
Total segment operating expenses	6,721		9,165		7,884		21,128		2,151		—		47,049
Segment net operating income	18,706		16,860		9,388		2,064		1,700		315		49,033
Interest income (excluding real estate financing segment)	9		—		21		—		—		( 30 )		—
Depreciation and amortization	( 7,714 )		( 9,099 )		( 5,778 )		—		—		( 522 )		( 23,113 )
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		—		—		( 4,447 )		( 4,447 )
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	—		—		—		( 10 )		—		—		( 10 )
Impairment charges	—		29		( 55 )		( 100 )		—		( 224 )		( 350 )

Interest expense (excluding real estate financing segment) (5)	( 6,878 )		( 8,217 )		( 5,472 )		—		—		—		( 20,567 )
Equity in income of unconsolidated real estate entities	4		34		—		—		—		—		38

Loss on extinguishment of debt	17		( 36 )		( 50 )		—		—		—		( 69 )
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	( 557 )		( 361 )		( 69 )		—		( 229 )		—		( 1,216 )
Unrealized credit loss release (provision)	—		—		—		—		127		( 1 )		126
Other income (expense), net	( 5 )		1		( 14 )		—		—		46		28
Income tax provision	—		—		—		( 192 )		—		—		( 192 )
Net income (loss)	$	3,582	$	( 789 )	$	( 2,029 )	$	1,762	$	1,598	$	( 4,863 )	$	( 739 )

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	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Retail Real Estate		Office Real Estate		Multifamily Real Estate		General Contracting and Real Estate Services		Real Estate Financing		Other (1)		Total
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	26,161	$	27,784	$	14,653	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	68,598
General contracting and real estate services revenues (2)	—		—		—		114,353		—		—		114,353
Interest income (real estate financing segment)	—		—		—		—		4,072		629		4,701
Total revenues	26,161		27,784		14,653		114,353		4,072		629		187,652
Expenses
Rental expenses (3)	5,104		6,307		5,241		—		—		—		16,652
Real estate taxes	2,466		2,360		1,358		—		—		—		6,184
General contracting and real estate services expenses (2)	—		—		—		110,987		—		—		110,987
Interest expense (real estate financing segment) (4)	—		—		—		—		1,724		—		1,724
Total segment operating expenses	7,570		8,667		6,599		110,987		1,724		—		135,547
Segment net operating income	18,591		19,117		8,054		3,366		2,348		629		52,105
Interest income (excluding real estate financing segment)	23		—		41		—		—		( 64 )		—
Depreciation and amortization	( 8,627 )		( 10,692 )		( 4,213 )		—		—		( 152 )		( 23,684 )
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		—		—		( 5,187 )		( 5,187 )
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	—		—		—		—		—		( 2 )		( 2 )


Interest expense (excluding real estate financing segment) (5)	( 7,575 )		( 7,397 )		( 4,691 )		—		—		—		( 19,663 )


Loss on extinguishment of debt	( 58 )		—		( 55 )		—		—		—		( 113 )
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	( 3,650 )		( 2,729 )		( 991 )		—		( 1,270 )		( 1,668 )		( 10,308 )
Unrealized credit loss release (provision)	—		—		—		—		( 198 )		—		( 198 )
Other income (expense), net	31		50		( 2 )		—		—		17		96
Income tax provision	—		—		—		( 592 )		—		—		( 592 )
Net income (loss)	$	( 1,265 )	$	( 1,651 )	$	( 1,857 )	$	2,774	$	880	$	( 6,427 )	$	( 7,546 )

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Retail Real Estate		Office Real Estate		Multifamily Real Estate		General Contracting and Real Estate Services		Real Estate Financing		Other (1)		Total
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	74,995	$	74,315	$	48,362	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	197,672
General contracting and real estate services revenues (2)	—		—		—		101,782		—		—		101,782
Interest income (real estate financing segment)	—		—		—		—		$	11,260	1,274		12,534
Total revenues	74,995		74,315		48,362		101,782		11,260		1,274		311,988
Expenses
Rental expenses (3)	13,051		19,555		16,717		—		—		—		49,323
Real estate taxes	6,943		7,216		4,516		—		—		—		18,675
General contracting and real estate services expenses (2)	—		—		—		96,970		—		—		96,970
Interest expense (real estate financing segment) (4)	—		—		—		—		5,792		—		5,792
Total segment operating expenses	19,994		26,771		21,233		96,970		5,792		—		170,760
Segment net operating income	55,001		47,544		27,129		4,812		5,468		1,274		141,228
Interest income (excluding real estate financing segment)	30		12		104		—		—		( 146 )		—
Depreciation and amortization	( 24,290 )		( 27,184 )		( 15,827 )		—		—		( 780 )		( 68,081 )
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		—		—		( 17,831 )		( 17,831 )
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	—		—		—		( 267 )		—		( 83 )		( 350 )
Impairment charges	—		29		( 55 )		( 100 )		—		( 224 )		( 350 )

Interest expense (excluding real estate financing segment) (5)	( 19,841 )		( 22,526 )		( 13,939 )		—		—		—		( 56,306 )
Equity in loss of unconsolidated real estate entities	( 138 )		( 1,060 )		( 999 )		—		—		—		( 2,197 )
Gain on consolidation of real estate entities	421		2,888		3,606		—		—		—		6,915
Loss on extinguishment of debt	17		( 36 )		( 50 )		—		—		—		( 69 )
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	( 919 )		( 349 )		( 178 )		—		( 332 )		—		( 1,778 )
Unrealized credit loss release	—		—		—		—		72		241		313
Other income (expense), net	—		—		—		—		—		( 44 )		( 44 )
Income tax benefit	—		—		—		185		—		—		185
Net income (loss)	10,281		( 682 )		( 209 )		4,630		5,208		( 17,593 )		1,635

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	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Retail Real Estate		Office Real Estate		Multifamily Real Estate		General Contracting and Real Estate Services		Real Estate Financing		Other (1)		Total
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	77,905	$	72,532	$	43,307	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193,744
General contracting and real estate services revenues (2)	—		—		—		358,167		—		—		358,167
Interest income (real estate financing segment)	—		—		—		—		$	12,038	1,921		13,959
Total revenues	77,905		72,532		43,307		358,167		12,038		1,921		565,870
Expenses
Rental expenses (3)	14,099		17,793		14,452		—		—		—		46,344
Real estate taxes	7,300		6,710		3,985		—		—		—		17,995
General contracting and real estate services expenses (2)	—		—		—		346,385		—		—		346,385
Interest expense (real estate financing segment) (4)	—		—		—		—		4,823		—		4,823
Total segment operating expenses	21,399		24,503		18,437		346,385		4,823		—		415,547
Segment net operating income	56,506		48,029		24,870		11,782		7,215		1,921		150,323
Interest income (excluding real estate financing segment)	66		—		80		—		—		( 146 )		—
Depreciation and amortization	( 26,445 )		( 27,167 )		( 11,666 )		—		—		( 419 )		( 65,697 )
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		—		—		( 15,564 )		( 15,564 )
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	—		( 5,528 )		—		—		—		( 2 )		( 5,530 )
Impairment charges	—		( 1,494 )		—		—		—		—		( 1,494 )

Interest expense (excluding real estate financing segment) (5)	( 21,622 )		( 20,559 )		( 13,585 )		—		—		—		( 55,766 )


Loss on extinguishment of debt	( 58 )		—		( 55 )		—		—		—		( 113 )
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	2,427		1,811		507		—		919		1,314		6,978
Unrealized credit loss provision	—		—		—		—		( 49 )		( 4 )		( 53 )
Other income (expense), net	73		139		( 17 )		—		—		59		254
Income tax benefit (provision)	—		1,634		—		( 1,514 )		—		—		120
Net income (loss)	$	10,947	$	( 3,135 )	$	134	$	10,268	$	8,085	$	( 12,841 )	$	13,458

____________________________

(1) Other includes items not directly associated with the operation and management of the Company’s real estate properties, general contracting and real estate services, and real estate financing businesses. General and administrative expenses include corporate office personnel salaries and benefits, bank fees, accounting fees, legal fees, and other corporate office expenses.

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(2) General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude revenues related to intercompany construction contracts of $ 4.6 million and $ 2.3 million, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation. General contracting and real estate services revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude revenues related to intercompany construction contracts of $ 11.8 million and $ 15.0 million, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation. General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $ 4.6 million and $ 2.3 million, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation. General contracting and real estate services expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude expenses related to intercompany construction contracts of $ 11.6 million and $ 14.9 million, respectively, which are eliminated in consolidation.

(3) Rental expenses represent costs directly associated with the operation and management of the Company’s real estate properties. Rental expenses include asset management fees, property management fees, repairs and maintenance, insurance, and utilities.

(4) Interest expense within the real estate financing segment is allocated based on the average outstanding principal of notes receivable in the real estate financing portfolio, and the effective interest rate on the credit facility, the M&T term loan facility, and the TD term loan facility, each as defined in Note 9.

(5) Interest expense (excluding real estate financing segment) is allocated by first allocating secured debt to the relevant properties. Unsecured debt is then allocated using the total value of unencumbered income producing property, and allocating to the retail, office, and multifamily segments based on property classification.

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The following table summarizes key balance sheet data by segment (in thousands):


	Retail Real Estate		Office Real Estate		Multifamily Real Estate		General Contracting and Real Estate Services (a)		Real Estate Financing		Other		Total
September 30, 2025
Real estate investments, at cost	$	868,115	$	874,977	$	732,446	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,475,538
Notes receivable, net	—		—		—		—		152,288		—		152,288
Equity method investments	1,685		46,195		—		—		—		—		47,880

December 31, 2024
Real estate investments, at cost	$	836,740	$	812,679	$	547,566	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,196,985
Notes receivable, net	—		—		—		—		121,433		11,132		132,565
Equity method investments	7,630		62,288		88,233		—		—		—		158,151

(a) General contracting and real estate services does not have any assets because the general contracting and real estate services segment manages projects on behalf of clients and does not retain ownership of the assets. The assets are primarily comprised of cash and accounts receivable. Refer to note 8 for further information.

4. Leases

Lessee Disclosures

As a lessee, the Company has nine ground leases across nine properties. These ground leases have maximum lease terms (including renewal options) that expire between 2074 and 2117. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company's sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term. Five of these leases have been classified as operating leases and four of these leases have been classified as finance leases. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Lessor Disclosures

As a lessor, the Company leases its properties under operating leases and recognizes base rents on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company also recognizes revenue from tenant recoveries, through which tenants reimburse the Company on an accrual basis for certain expenses such as utilities, janitorial services, repairs and maintenance, security and alarms, parking lot and ground maintenance, administrative services, management fees, insurance, and real estate taxes. Rental revenues are reduced by the amount of any leasing incentives amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the applicable lease. In addition, the Company recognizes contingent rental revenue (e.g., percentage rents based on tenant sales thresholds) when the sales thresholds are met. Many tenant leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to 25 years, or more. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the tenant's sole discretion. The Company includes a renewal period in the lease term only if it appears at lease inception that the renewal is reasonably assured.

Rental revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 comprised the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Base rent and tenant charges	$	65,336	$	65,840	$	188,506	$	187,018
Accrued straight-line rental adjustment	2,983		2,333		7,786		5,499
Lease incentive amortization	( 50 )		( 105 )		( 166 )		( 343 )
(Above) below market lease amortization, net	455		530		1,546		1,570
Total rental revenue	$	68,724	$	68,598	$	197,672	$	193,744

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5. Real Estate Investments

On April 29, 2025, the Company entered into a binding term sheet with its partner for the Harbor Point Parcel 4 equity method investment, which set forth the terms upon which the Company acquired the remaining partnership interest of the partner in Harbor Point Parcel 4 Development, LLC. At the same time, the Company obtained control of the entity and determined as a result, the Company became the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity. Therefore, Harbor Point Parcel 4 Development, LLC is fully consolidated in the Company's financial statements as of such date. The mixed-use property is also known as Allied | Harbor Point.

In accordance with ASC 805, at the time of the consolidation, identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values. Because the Company acquired control through execution of the binding term sheet, the acquisition was accounted for as a step acquisition in accordance with ASC 805. The resulting gain of $ 6.9 million is reflected within gain on consolidation of real estate entities on the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The table below presents the allocation to the estimated fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of April 29, 2025. The fair value of the land and in-place leases was derived using market comparables as level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. The values of the building, capital improvements, and all other assets and liabilities were derived using the cost approach as level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy.


	The Allied \| Harbor Point
Land	$	33,836
Building	219,896
Capital improvements	655
Furniture and fixtures	4,404
In-place leases	468
Cash and cash equivalents	2,688
Accounts receivable	361
Other assets	128
Finance lease right-of-use asset	57
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	( 13,369 )
Construction loan payable	( 91,140 )
Finance lease liabilities	( 57 )
Net assets acquired	$	157,927

On June 10, 2025, the Company exercised its pre-existing option to acquire 13 % of the partner’s interest in the joint venture for approximately $ 14.0 million. The partner was required to use a portion of such proceeds to repay in full the outstanding principal and accrued interest amounts of two notes receivable made by the Company to affiliates of the partner, which loans had an aggregate outstanding principal and accrued interest amount of $ 13.3 million as of June 10, 2025. The Company also agreed to acquire the remaining 10 % of the partner’s interest in the joint venture, resulting in Harbor Point Parcel 4 Development, LLC becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and the Company consummated such acquisition on June 10, 2025. In connection with the acquisition of the remaining 10 % of the partner’s interest in the joint venture, the Company (i) further subdivided Harbor Point Parcel 4 and caused the joint venture to deed a parcel to the partner to be further developed and (ii) paid the partner $ 3.5 million in cash. In connection with the acquisition of the remaining 10 % of the partner’s interest in the joint venture, the Company’s partner was required to use $ 3.0 million of the proceeds to make a partial principal paydown of the construction loan that is secured by Harbor Point Parcel 3, and the Company also made a $ 3.0 million paydown of the construction loan.

The following table summarizes the consideration for the acquisition of the 23 % non-controlling interest:


	June 10, 2025
Cash consideration	$	17,535
Fair value of parcel consideration (1)	16,661
Total purchase price consideration	$	34,196

(1) The fair value of parcel consideration is based on the land parcel and retail building transferred on June 10, 2025.

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6. Equity Method Investments

Harbor Point Parcel 3

The Company owns a 50 % interest in Harbor Point Parcel 3, a joint venture with Beatty Development Group, for purposes of developing T. Rowe Price's new global headquarters office building in Baltimore, Maryland. The Company is a noncontrolling partner in the joint venture and will serve as the project's general contractor. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company invested $ 3.8 million in Harbor Point Parcel 3. The Company has an estimated equity commitment of up to $ 56.3 million relating to this project. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has contributed $ 50.4 million.

Based on the terms of the operating agreement, the Company has concluded that Harbor Point Parcel 3 is a VIE and that the Company holds a variable interest. The Company has significant influence over the project due to its 50 % ownership interest; however, the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the project that most significantly impact its performance. This includes activity as the managing member of the entity, which is a power that is retained by the Company's joint venture partner. Accordingly, the Company is not the project's primary beneficiary and, therefore, does not consolidate Harbor Point Parcel 3 in its consolidated financial statements. The Company's investment in the project is recorded as an equity method investment in the consolidated balance sheets.

Harbor Point Parcel 4

As disclosed above, on April 29, 2025, the Company entered into a binding term sheet with its partner for the Harbor Point Parcel 4 project, which set forth the terms upon which the Company acquired the remaining partnership interest of the partner in the joint venture that owns Harbor Point Parcel 4, also known as Allied | Harbor Point. As a result, the Company became the primary beneficiary, and, therefore, the earnings of the joint venture are fully consolidated in Company's condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income as of such date. Refer to note 5 to these condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

7. Notes Receivable and Current Expected Credit Losses

Notes Receivable

The Company had the following notes receivable outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ($ in thousands):


		Outstanding loan amount
		September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
Real Estate Financing Project	Maturity Date	Principal		Accrued interest and fees (a)		Total loan amount (b)		Total loan amount (b)		Maximum principal commitment		Interest rate			Interest compounding
Solis Gainesville II	10/3/2026	$	19,595	$	6,877	$	26,472	$	25,291	$	19,595	6.0	%	(c)	Annually
Solis Kennesaw	5/25/2027	37,870		11,490		49,360		45,562		37,870		9.0	%	(c)	Annually
Solis Peachtree Corners	10/31/2027	28,440		8,940		37,380		33,549		28,440		15.0	%	(c)	Annually
The Allure at Edinburgh	1/16/2028	9,228		2,719		11,947		11,215		9,228		10.0	%	(d)	None

Solis North Creek	8/8/2030	26,767		2,399		29,166		5,816		26,767		12.0	%	(c)	Annually
Total mezzanine & preferred equity		$	121,900	$	32,425	$	154,325	$	121,433	$	121,900
Other notes receivable						—		12,984

Allowance for credit losses (e)						( 2,037 )		( 1,852 )

Total notes receivable						$	152,288	$	132,565

________________________________________

(a) Reflects accrued interest and unused commitment fees, net of discounts due to unamortized equity fees.

(b) Outstanding loan amounts include any accrued and unpaid interest, and accrued fees, as applicable.

(c) The interest rate varies over the life of the loans and the Company also earns an unused commitment fee on amounts not drawn on the loans.

(d) The interest rate varies over the life of the loan.

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(e) The amounts as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 exclude less than $ 0.1 million and $ 0.5 million, respectively, of Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) allowance that relates to the unfunded commitments, which were recorded as a liability under other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Interest on the notes receivable is accrued and funded utilizing the interest reserves for each loan and such accrued interest is generally added to the loan receivable balances. The Company recognized interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Real Estate Financing Project	2025			2024			2025			2024
Solis Gainesville II	$	398	(a)(b)	$	794	(a)(b)	$	1,184	(a)(b)	$	2,366	(a)(b)
Solis Kennesaw	1,077		(a)(b)	1,437		(a)(b)	3,798		(a)(b)	3,988		(a)(b)
Solis Peachtree Corners	1,378		(a)(b)	1,067		(a)(b)	3,831		(a)(b)	2,867		(a)(b)
The Allure at Edinburgh	232			348			732			1,036
Solis City Park II (c)	—		(c)	127		(a)	—		(c)	1,482		(a)
Solis North Creek	767		(b)	299		(b)	1,717		(b)	299		(b)
Total mezzanine & preferred equity	3,852			4,072			11,262			12,038
Other interest income	313			629			1,272			1,921
Total interest income	$	4,166		$	4,701		$	12,534		$	13,959

________________________________________

(a) Includes recognition of interest income related to fee amortization.

(b) Includes recognition of unused commitment fees.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company is exposed to credit losses primarily through its real estate financing investments. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had five real estate financing investments, which are secured by development projects in various stages of completion or lease-up. Each of these projects is subject to a loan that is senior to the Company’s loan. Interest on these loans is paid in kind and is generally not expected to be paid until a sale of the project after completion of the development.

The Company's management performs a quarterly analysis of the loan portfolio to determine the risk of credit loss based on

the progress of development activities, including leasing activities, projected development costs, and current and projected

subordinated and senior loan balances. The Company estimates future losses on its notes receivable using risk

ratings that correspond to probabilities of default and loss given default. The Company's risk ratings are as follows:

• Pass: loans in this category are adequately collateralized by a development project with conditions materially consistent with the Company's underwriting assumptions.

• Special Mention: loans in this category show signs that the economic performance of the project may suffer as a result of slower-than-expected leasing activity or an extended development or marketing timeline. Loans in this category warrant increased monitoring by management.

• Substandard: loans in this category may not be fully collected by the Company unless remediation actions are taken. Remediation actions may include obtaining additional collateral or assisting the borrower with asset management activities to prepare the project for sale. The Company will also consider placing the loan on non-accrual status if it does not believe that additional interest accruals will ultimately be collected.

The Company updated the risk ratings for each of its notes receivable as of September 30, 2025 and obtained industry loan loss data relative to these risk ratings. Each of the outstanding loans as of September 30, 2025 was "Pass" rated. The Company's analysis resulted in an allowance for loan losses of approximately $ 2.0 million as of September 30, 2025, of which an allowance related to unfunded commitments of less than $ 0.1 million as of September 30, 2025 was recorded as other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

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At September 30, 2025, the Company reported $ 152.3 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $ 2.0 million. At December 31, 2024, the Company reported $ 132.6 million of notes receivable, net of allowances of $ 1.9 million. Changes in the allowance for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Funded		Unfunded		Total		Funded		Unfunded		Total
Beginning balance	$	1,852	$	509	$	2,361	$	1,472	$	732	$	2,204

Unrealized credit loss provision (release)	395		( 467 )		( 72 )		294		( 181 )		113
Release due to redemption	( 210 )		( 31 )		( 241 )		( 60 )		—		( 60 )




Ending balance	$	2,037	$	11	$	2,048	$	1,706	$	551	$	2,257

The Company places loans on non-accrual status when the loan balance, together with the balance of any senior loan, approximately equals the estimated realizable value of the underlying development project. As of September 30, 2025, no loans were placed on non-accrual status.

8. Construction Contracts

Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings represent reimbursable costs and amounts earned under contracts in progress as of the balance sheet date. Such amounts become billable according to contract terms, which usually consider the passage of time, achievement of certain milestones, or completion of the project. The Company expects to bill and collect substantially all construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings as of September 30, 2025 during the next 12 to 24 months following September 30, 2025. The Company expects to collect these billings progressively over this period.

Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings represent billings or collections on contracts made in advance of revenue recognized.

The following table summarizes the changes to the balances in the Company’s construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings account and the billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings account for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025				Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings		Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings		Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings		Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings
Beginning balance	$	6	$	5,871	$	104	$	21,414
Revenue recognized that was included in the balance at the beginning of the period	—		( 5,871 )		—		( 21,414 )
Increases due to new billings, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	—		7,724		—		14,318
Transferred to receivables	( 6 )		—		( 106 )		—
Construction contract costs and estimated earnings not billed during the period	2,638		—		315		—
Changes due to cumulative catch-up adjustment arising from changes in the estimate of the stage of completion	—		( 1,969 )		2		( 2,437 )
Ending balance	$	2,638	$	5,755	$	315	$	11,881

The Company defers pre-contract costs when such costs are directly associated with specific anticipated contracts and their recovery is probable. Pre-contract costs of $ 2.5 million and $ 1.9 million were deferred as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Amortization of pre-contract costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was less than $ 0.1 million and less than $ 0.1 million, respectively.

Construction receivables and payables include retentions, which are amounts that are generally withheld until the completion of the contract or the satisfaction of certain restrictive conditions such as fulfillment guarantees. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, construction receivables included retentions of $ 9.8 million and $ 38.2

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million, respectively. The Company expects to collect substantially all construction receivables outstanding as of September 30, 2025 during the next 12 to 24 months following September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, construction payables included retentions of $ 13.4 million and $ 44.9 million, respectively. The Company intends to settle all construction payables, including retainage recorded, as of September 30, 2025 within the next 12 to 24 months following September 30, 2025. Payments will be made progressively over this period.

The Company’s net position on uncompleted construction contracts comprised the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Costs incurred on uncompleted construction contracts	$	942,588	$	1,006,508
Estimated earnings	30,607		37,250
Billings	( 976,312 )		( 1,049,623 )
Net position	$	( 3,117 )	$	( 5,865 )

Construction contract costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	$	2,638	$	6
Billings in excess of construction contract costs and estimated earnings	( 5,755 )		( 5,871 )
Net position	$	( 3,117 )	$	( 5,865 )

As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s net position on uncompleted construction contracts reflects the aggregate of costs incurred and recognized profits less progress billings on ongoing projects. A negative net position indicates that billings exceed costs and recognized profits. Changes in the net position from December 31, 2024 primarily reflect project progress, timing of customer billings, and costs incurred on ongoing contracts.

The Company’s balances and changes in construction contract price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations (backlog) as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Beginning backlog	$	90,521	$	302,850
New contracts/change orders	935		4,886
Work performed	( 7,564 )		( 114,614 )
Ending backlog	$	83,892	$	193,122

The Company expects to complete a majority of the uncompleted contracts in place as of September 30, 2025 during the next 12 to 24 months following September 30, 2025.

9. Indebtedness

Credit Facility

On August 23, 2022, the Company, as parent guarantor, and the Operating Partnership, as borrower, entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), which provides for a $ 550.0 million credit facility comprised of a $ 250.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "revolving credit facility") and a $ 300.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "term loan facility" and, together with the revolving credit facility, the "credit facility"), with a syndicate of banks.

The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be increased to $ 1.0 billion, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 22, 2027, with two six-month extension options, subject to the Company's satisfaction of certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075 % extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 21, 2028.

On August 29, 2023, the Company increased the capacity of the revolving credit facility by $ 105.0 million by exercising the accordion feature in part, bringing the revolving credit facility capacity to $ 355.0 million and the total credit facility capacity to $ 655.0 million.

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On June 14, 2024, the term loan facility commitment increased by $ 50.0 million to $ 350.0 million as a result of an existing lender increasing its outstanding commitment.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a margin ranging from 1.30 % to 1.85 % and a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 %, and the term loan facility bears interest at SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.25 % to 1.80 % and a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 %, in each case depending on the Company's total leverage. The Company is also obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the revolving credit facility. If the Company or the Operating Partnership attains investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investors Service, Inc., the Operating Partnership may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance on the revolving credit facility was $ 200.0 million and $ 145.0 million, respectively. The outstanding balance on the term loan facility was $ 350.0 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, the effective interest rates on the revolving credit facility and the term loan facility, before giving effect to interest rate swaps, were 5.73 % and 5.68 %, respectively. After giving effect to interest rate swaps, the effective interest rates on the revolving credit facility and the term loan facility were 2.47 % and 4.24 %, respectively, as of September 30, 2025. The Operating Partnership may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower, and its obligations under the credit facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Company's ability to borrow under the credit facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions. The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to be immediately due and payable.

M&T Term Loan Facility

On December 6, 2022, the Company, as parent guarantor, and the Operating Partnership, as borrower, entered into a term loan agreement (the "M&T term loan agreement") with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, as lender and administrative agent, which provides a $ 100.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "M&T term loan facility"), with the option to increase the total capacity to $ 200.0 million, subject to the Company's satisfaction of certain conditions. The proceeds from the M&T term loan facility were used to repay the loans secured by the Wills Wharf, 249 Central Park Retail, Fountain Plaza Retail, and South Retail properties. The M&T term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of March 8, 2027, with a one-year extension option, subject to the Company's satisfaction of certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075 % extension fee.

The M&T term loan facility bears interest at a rate elected by the Operating Partnership based on term SOFR, Daily Simple SOFR, or the Base Rate (as defined below), and in each case plus a margin. A term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR loan is also subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 %. The margin under each interest rate election depends on the Company's total leverage. The "Base Rate" is equal to the highest of: (a) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by M&T Bank as its “prime rate” for such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate for such day, plus 0.50 %, (c) one month term SOFR for such day plus 100 basis points and (d) 1.00 %. The Operating Partnership has elected for the loan to bear interest at term SOFR plus margin. If the Company or the Operating Partnership attains investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investor Service, Inc., the Operating Partnership may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings.

On June 21, 2024, the M&T term loan facility commitment increased by $ 35.0 million to $ 135.0 million as a result of adding a new lender to the facility.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance on the M&T term loan facility was $ 135.0 million. As of September 30, 2025, the effective interest rate on the M&T term loan facility, before giving effect to interest rate swaps, was 5.68 %. After giving effect to interest rate swaps, the effective interest rate on the M&T term loan facility was 4.78 % as of September 30, 2025. The Operating Partnership may, at any time, voluntarily prepay the M&T

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term loan facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty, provided certain conditions are met.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the M&T term loan facility, and its obligations under the M&T term loan facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty. The M&T term loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Company's ability to borrow under the M&T term loan facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions. The term loan agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the M&T term loan facility to be immediately due and payable.

TD Term Loan Facility

On May 19, 2023, the Company, as parent guarantor, and the Operating Partnership, as borrower, entered into a term loan agreement (the "TD term loan agreement") with Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as administrative agent, and TD Bank, N.A. as lender, which provides a $ 75.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "TD term loan facility"), with the option to increase the total capacity to $ 150.0 million, subject to the Company's satisfaction of certain conditions. On June 26, 2025, the Company exercised its option to extend the maturity date on the TD term loan facility by one year, which will now mature on May 19, 2026. The Company paid a nominal extension fee.

The TD term loan facility bears interest at a rate elected by the Operating Partnership based on term SOFR, Daily Simple SOFR, or the Base Rate (as defined below), and in each case plus a margin. A term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR loan is also subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10 %. The margin under each interest rate election depends on the Company's total leverage. The "Base Rate" is equal to the highest of: (a) the Federal Funds Rate for such day, plus 0.50 % (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by the administrative agent as its “prime rate” for such day, (c) one month term SOFR for such day plus 100 basis points and (d) 1.00 %. The Operating Partnership has elected for the loan to bear interest at term SOFR plus margin. If the Company or the Operating Partnership attains investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investor Service, Inc., the Operating Partnership may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings.

On June 29, 2023, the TD term loan facility commitment increased to $ 95.0 million as a result of the addition of a second lender to the facility.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance on the TD term loan facility was $ 95.0 million. As of September 30, 2025, the effective interest rate on the TD term loan facility was 5.78 %. The Operating Partnership may, at any time, voluntarily prepay the TD term loan facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty, provided certain conditions are met.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the TD term loan facility, and its obligations under the TD term loan facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty. The TD term loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. The Company's ability to borrow under the TD term loan facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions. The TD term loan agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the TD term loan facility to be immediately due and payable.

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Private Placement Notes

On July 22, 2025, the Company, as parent guarantor, and the Operating Partnership, as borrower, entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors, pursuant to which the Operating Partnership sold, and the institutional investors purchased, $ 115.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes, consisting of (a) $ 25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.57 % Senior Notes, Series A, due July 22, 2028, (b) $ 45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.78 % Senior Notes, Series B, due July 22, 2030, and (c) $ 45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.09 % Senior Notes, Series B, due July 22, 2032 (collectively, the “Notes”).

As of September 30, 2025, the outstanding balance of the Notes was $ 115.0 million.

The Notes bear interest on the outstanding principal balance at the stated rates per annum from the date of issuance, payable semiannually on January 22 and July 22 of each year, commencing January 22, 2026 until such principal becomes due and payable. The Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of the Operating Partnership and rank at least pari passu in right of payment with all other unsecured senior indebtedness of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Notes are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The Operating Partnership may, at any time, voluntarily prepay all of, or from time to time any part of, any series of the Notes in an amount not less than 5 % of the aggregate principal amount of such series of the Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100 % of the principal amount so prepaid, plus the applicable Make‑Whole Amount (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), which will be calculated based on the prepayment date with respect to such principal amount, as set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement.

The Note Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and other affirmative and negative covenants, which apply to the Company while the Notes are outstanding. In addition, the Note Purchase Agreement contains a number of financial covenants applicable to the Company while the Notes are outstanding, which are substantially similar to those contained in the Credit Agreement, including but not limited to (a) a maximum leverage ratio, (b) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, (c) a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio, (d) a minimum unencumbered asset value and number of unencumbered properties and (e) limitations on occupancy rate and tenant concentration of unencumbered properties. The Note Purchase Agreement includes customary events of default, including but not limited to non-payment, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, cross defaults, bankruptcy or other insolvency events, judgments, Employee Retirement Income Security Act 1974 (ERISA) events, and if any guarantee ceases to be in full force and effect. In certain cases, the events of default are subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit holders of more than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the Notes to be immediately due and payable.

The Company is currently in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement, the M&T term loan agreement, the TD term loan agreement, and the Note Purchase Agreement Agreement, all of which are substantially similar.

Other 2025 Financing Activity

On May 1, 2025, the Company repaid the $ 4.4 million mortgage payable secured by the Red Mill South property.

On June 10, 2025, the Company repaid the $ 90.0 million construction loan secured by Allied | Harbor Point and closed on a $ 90.0 million term loan secured by Allied | Harbor Point.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company borrowed $ 4.8 million under its existing construction loans to fund ongoing development and construction. On July 22, 2025, the Company utilized a portion of the net proceeds from the private placement of the Notes to repay the $ 65.0 million construction loan secured by the Southern Post mixed-use asset.

On August 1, 2025, the Company executed a modification to the loan secured by the Allied | Harbor Point mixed-use property. The modification reduced the credit spread on the loan from 2.50 % to 2.00 %, added an exit fee provision of 0.50 % for any prepayment made until July 31, 2026, and added a new covenant requiring the borrower to maintain a minimum 15 % equity investment in the project until the project achieves a debt service coverage ratio of 1.0 x.

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10. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into interest rate derivative contracts to manage exposure to interest rate risks. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value and presented within other assets and other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are neither designated nor qualify as hedging instruments are recognized within the change in fair value of derivatives and other in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. For derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company held the following floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps ($ in thousands):


Related Debt	Notional Amount			Index	Swap Fixed Rate		Debt Effective Rate		Effective Date	Expiration Date
Harbor Point Parcel 3 senior construction loan	$	90,000	(a)	1-month SOFR	2.75	%	4.82	%	10/2/2023	10/1/2025
Floating rate pool of loans	330,000		(b)	1-month SOFR	2.75	%	4.35	%	10/1/2023	10/1/2025
Allied Loan and floating rate pool of loans	100,000		(c)	1-month SOFR	2.75	%	4.71	%	11/1/2023	11/1/2025
Floating rate pool of loans	300,000		(d)	1-month SOFR	2.75	%	4.35	%	12/1/2023	12/1/2025

Floating rate pool of loans	320,000		(e)	1-month SOFR	2.25	%	3.85	%	8/1/2025	8/1/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	320,000		(e)	1-month SOFR	2.25	%	3.85	%	8/1/2025	8/1/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	90,000		(f)	1-month SOFR	2.25	%	3.85	%	8/1/2025	8/1/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	90,000		(f)	1-month SOFR	2.25	%	3.85	%	8/1/2025	8/1/2026
Thames Street Wharf loan	63,769		(g)	Daily SOFR	0.93	%	2.33	%	9/30/2021	9/30/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	150,000		(h)	1-month SOFR	2.50	%	4.10	%	1/2/2025	1/1/2027
M&T unsecured term loan	100,000		(g)	1-month SOFR	3.50	%	5.05	%	12/6/2022	12/6/2027
Liberty Retail & Apartments loan	21,000		(i)	1-month SOFR	3.43	%	4.93	%	12/13/2022	1/21/2028
Senior unsecured term loan	79,000		(i)	1-month SOFR	3.43	%	4.98	%	12/13/2022	1/21/2028
Total	$	2,053,769

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(a) This interest rate swap agreement reduces the Company's interest rate exposure on the $ 174.4 million senior construction loan secured by the Company's Harbor Point Parcel 3 equity method investment as described in Note 6 . As such, the loan is not reflected on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company also paid $ 3.6 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on September 8, 2023.

(b) The Company paid $ 13.3 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on September 8, 2023.

(d) The Company paid $ 10.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on November 16, 2023.

(e) The Company paid $ 5.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on July 28, 2025.

(f) The Company paid $ 1.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on July 28, 2025.

(g) Designated as a cash flow hedge.

(h) On January 3, 2025, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional of $ 150.0 million and a SOFR rate of 2.50 %. The interest rate swap will expire on January 1, 2027. The Company paid a $ 4.6 million premium for this transaction.

(i) The Company novated an existing 3.43 % fixed rate swap with a $ 100.0 million notional and assigned (A) $ 11.1 million notional to the loan secured by Market at Mill Creek, effective April 17, 2024 and (B) $ 21.0 million to the loan secured by Liberty Retail & Apartments, effective February 1, 2024. Once the Market at Mill Creek loan was repaid, the $ 67.9 million swap on the senior unsecured loan increased to $ 79.0 million.

For the interest rate swaps and caps designated as cash flow hedges, realized gains and losses are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income due to payments received from and paid to the counterparty. During the next 12 months, the Company anticipates recognizing approximately $ 1.6 million of net hedging gains as reductions to interest expense. These amounts will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings to offset the variability of the hedged items during this period.

On July 24, 2025, the Company entered into four interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $ 820.0 million and a SOFR rate of 2.25 % with an effective date of August 1, 2025. The interest rate swaps will expire on August 1, 2026. The Company paid $ 14.0 million in premiums for the transactions.

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The Company’s derivatives were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Notional Amount		Fair Value				Notional Amount		Fair Value
			Asset		Liability				Asset		Liability
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate swaps	$	1,890,000	$	12,336	$	( 227 )	$	1,020,000	$	11,149	$	—

Derivatives designated as accounting hedges
Interest rate swaps	163,769		1,636		( 338 )		166,057		4,712		—

Total derivatives	$	2,053,769	$	13,972	$	( 565 )	$	1,186,057	$	15,861	$	—

The unrealized changes in the fair value of the Company’s derivatives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were comprised of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest rate swaps	$	( 8,004 )	$	( 20,018 )	$	( 18,892 )	$	( 10,943 )
Interest rate caps	—		( 1 )		—		22
Total unrealized change in fair value of interest rate derivatives	$	( 8,004 )	$	( 20,019 )	$	( 18,892 )	$	( 10,921 )
Comprehensive (loss) income statement presentation:
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	$	( 8,103 )	$	( 16,669 )	$	( 17,575 )	$	( 12,109 )
Unrealized cash flow hedge gains	99		( 3,350 )		( 1,317 )		1,188
Total unrealized change in fair value of interest rate derivatives	$	( 8,004 )	$	( 20,019 )	$	( 18,892 )	$	( 10,921 )

11. Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

On March 10, 2020, the Company commenced an at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the "ATM Program") through which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its common stock and shares of its 6.75 % Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock") having an aggregate offering price of up to $ 300.0 million, to or through its sales agents and, with respect to shares of its common stock, may enter into separate forward sales agreements to or through the forward purchaser. The Company's ATM Program does not have an expiration date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the ATM Program. Shares having an aggregate offering price of $ 178.5 million remained unsold under the ATM Program as of October 31, 2025.

On January 2, 2025, the Company elected to satisfy a redemption request by a holder of 435 common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("Common OP Units") with a cash payment of less than $ 0.1 million.

Also on January 2, 2025, the Company elected to satisfy redemption requests by holders of 264,618 Common OP Units through the issuance of an equal number of shares of common stock.

In July 2025, the Company elected to satisfy redemption requests by holders of 1,789 Common OP Units with aggregate cash payments of less than $ 0.1 million.

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Noncontrolling Interests

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held a 77.3 % and 78.6 %, respectively, economic interest in the Operating Partnership. As of September 30, 2025, the Company also held a preferred interest in the Operating Partnership in the form of preferred units with a liquidation preference of $ 171.1 million. The Company is the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership as it has the power to direct the activities of the Operating Partnership and the rights to absorb 77.3 % of the net income of the Operating Partnership. As the primary beneficiary, the Company consolidates the financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership represent units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership not held by the Company. As of September 30, 2025, there were 23,521,226 Common OP Units and 2,111,445 LTIP Units (as defined below) not held by the Company. The Company's financial position and results of operations are the same as those of the Operating Partnership. See Note 12 for a description of LTIP Units.

Additionally, the Operating Partnership owns a majority interest in certain non-wholly owned operating and development properties. The noncontrolling interest in investment entities was $ 8.7 million and $ 9.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which represents the minority partners' interest in certain consolidated real estate entities.

Share Repurchase Program

On June 15, 2023, the Company adopted a $ 50.0 million share repurchase program (the "Share Repurchase Program"). Under the Share Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares of common stock and Series A Preferred Stock from time to time in the open market, in block purchases, through privately negotiated transactions, the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other means. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares or acquire shares over any specific period of time. The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or discontinued at any time by the Company and does not have an expiration date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company did not repurchase any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2025, $ 37.4 million remained available for repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program.

Dividends and Distributions

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the following dividends/distributions were declared or paid:

Equity type

Declaration Date

Record Date

Payment Date

Dividends per Share/Unit

Aggregate Dividends/Distributions on Stock and Units (in thousands)

Common Stock/Common Units

11/14/2024

12/26/2024

01/02/2025

0.205

20,779

Common Stock/Common Units

03/12/2025

03/26/2025

04/03/2025

0.140

14,264

Common Stock/Common Units

06/18/2025

06/30/2025

07/08/2025

0.140

14,293

Common Stock/Common Units

08/08/2025

09/24/2025

10/02/2025

0.140

14,294

Series A Preferred Stock

11/14/2024

01/02/2025

01/15/2025

0.421875

2,887

Series A Preferred Stock

03/12/2025

04/01/2025

04/15/2025

0.421875

2,887

Series A Preferred Stock

06/18/2025

07/01/2025

07/15/2025

0.421875

2,887

Series A Preferred Stock

08/08/2025

10/01/2025

10/14/2025

0.421875

2,887

12. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s Amended and Restated 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the "Equity Plan"), permits the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, LTIP Units, performance units, and other equity-based awards up to an aggregate of 6,900,000 shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2025, there were 2,120,279 shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan.

Restricted or Unrestricted Stock Awards

The Company issues performance-based awards in the form of restricted stock to certain employees (executive and non-executive). Employee restricted stock awards generally vest over a period of two years : one-third immediately on the grant

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date and the remaining two-thirds in equal amounts on the first two anniversaries following the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Restricted shares issued to executive officers pursuant to the Company's short-term incentive plan (the "STIP") are subject to the following vesting schedule over a period of three years : two-fifths immediately on the grant date and the remaining three-fifths in equal amounts on the first three anniversaries following the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. To the extent that any executive officers elect to receive the time-based component of their annual equity award (other than pursuant to the STIP), such restricted shares are expected to be subject to the following vesting schedule: one-third will vest on the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Non-employee director restricted stock awards may vest either immediately upon grant or over a period of one year , subject to continued service to the Company. Unvested restricted stock awards are entitled to receive distributions from their grant date.

The fair value of the restricted stock awards was determined using the closing stock price as of the day before the grant date.

A summary of the unvested restricted shares is as follows:


	2025			2024
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested as of January 1	165,497	$	11.81	271,540	$	12.93
Granted	386,254	8.73		286,868	10.72
Vested	( 381,711 )	9.92		( 266,319 )	12.00
Forfeited	( 15,785 )	9.66		( 11,453 )	11.33
Unvested as of September 30	154,255	$	8.98	280,636	$	11.62

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards, employees tendered zero and 99,220 shares, respectively, to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested shares of restricted stock was $ 0.6 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 13 months.

LTIP Unit Awards

LTIP Units are a special class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership ("LTIP Units"). The Operating Partnership has two classes of LTIP Units: (1) Time-Based LTIP Units, which have time-based vesting conditions (“Time-Based LTIP Units”), and (2) Performance LTIP Units, which have performance-based vesting conditions (“Performance LTIP Units”). Each LTIP Unit awarded is deemed equivalent to an award of one share of stock under the Equity Plan, reducing the availability for other equity awards on a one -for-one basis. The vesting period for Time-Based LTIP Units, if any, and the vesting conditions for Performance LTIP Units are determined at the time of issuance. Under the terms of the Operating Partnership's agreement of limited partnership, the Operating Partnership will revalue for tax purposes its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP Units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of Common OP unitholders. Subject to any agreed upon exceptions (including pursuant to the applicable LTIP Unit award agreement), once vested and having achieved parity with Common OP unitholders, LTIP Units are convertible into Common OP Units on a one -for-one basis. LTIP Unit awards granted to members of the Company's board of directors generally vest on the date of the first annual meeting of stockholders of the Company after the date of grant, subject to continued service to the Company. Time-Based LTIP Units issued to executive officers pursuant to the STIP are subject to the following vesting schedule over a period of three years : two-fifths immediately on the grant date and one-fifth on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Time‑Based LTIP Units issued to executive officers other than pursuant to the STIP are subject to the following vesting schedule: one-third will vest on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. Performance LTIP Units are subject to performance-based vesting conditions specified in the award agreement pursuant to which the Performance LTIP Units were granted. Unvested LTIP Units are entitled to receive distributions from their grant date.

The fair value of the LTIP Units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation considering the Company's stock price as of the grant date. The Company estimates the compensation expense for the LTIP Units on a straight-line basis using a calculation that recognizes 100 % of the grant date fair value over three years for employees (based on the vesting schedule described in the previous paragraph), or over one year for directors.

A summary of the unvested LTIP Unit awards is as follows:

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	2025			2024
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested as of January 1	119,872	$	9.66	39,694	$	10.14
Granted	2,121,648	6.44		170,203	9.65
Vested	( 130,075 )	8.87		( 90,025 )	9.86
Forfeited	—	—		—	—
Unvested as of September 30	2,111,445	$	6.47	119,872	$	9.66

During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no LTIP Units tendered to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested LTIP Units was $ 7.2 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 57 months.

Performance Unit Awards

The Company endeavors to further align the incentives of certain members of management with its long-term investors by awarding a portion of their equity compensation in the form of multi-year performance unit awards that use the level of achievement of the total shareholder return as the primary metric ("Performance Units"). The Performance Units may convert into shares of common stock at a range of 0 % to 200 % of the number of Performance Units granted contingent upon the participant’s continued employment and the Company’s relative total stockholder return ("TSR") at specified percentiles of the peer group. Vesting of 50 % of the target award is based solely on continued employment and vesting of the remainder of the award ( 50 %) is based on the Company’s relative TSR performance over the 3-year period following execution of each agreement. For unvested Performance Units granted in 2021 and prior, vesting of 50 % of the target award is based on absolute TSR and vesting of the remainder of the award ( 50 %) is based on relative TSR. At the end of the Performance Units’ measurement period, if the applicable criterion are met, Performance Units generally vest two-fifths on the last day of the three-year performance period, and the remaining three-fifths in equal amounts on the first three anniversaries following the end of the three-year performance period, subject to continued service to the Company and certain market conditions. Unvested Performance Units are entitled to accumulate distributions from their grant date, payable in cash or in additional shares of common stock upon issuance of the common stock to which those dividends relate.

The fair value of the performance units was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation considering the stock price as of the grant date. The Company estimates the compensation expense for the performance units on a straight-line basis using a calculation that recognizes 100 % of the grant date fair value over five years for performance units granted prior to 2022 and six years for performance units granted in 2022 and beyond.

A summary of the unvested Performance Unit awards is as follows:


	2025			2024
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Unvested as of January 1	110,375	$	11.98	110,625	$	13.74
Granted	45,000	10.45		50,000	9.23
Vested (1)	—	—		—	—
Forfeited	( 9,625 )	11.68		( 23,750 )	12.13
Unvested as of September 30	145,750	$	11.53	136,875	$	12.38

________________________________________

(1) This represents Performance Units which are vested but not settled as shares of common stock until the following period.

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Date of Award	Number of Units Granted	Grant Date Fair Value		Conversion Range		Risk Free Interest Rate		Volatility		Expected Dividends
2020	35,000	$	11.57	0 % to 200 %		1.66	%	18.0	%	5.0	%
2021	42,500	9.67		0 % to 200 %		0.17	%	49.0	%	4.7	%
2022	47,500	17.12		0 % to 200 %		0.98	%	50.0	%	4.7	%
2023	47,500	12.61		0 % to 200 %	(1)	4.23	%	51.0	%	5.4	%
2024	50,000	9.23		0 % to 200 %	(1)	4.32	%	27.0	%	6.2	%
2025	45,000	10.45		0 % to 200 %	(1)	4.35	%	26.0	%	6.9	%

________________________________________

(1) For Performance Units granted in 2022 and beyond, only 50 % of each Award is subject to the conversion range. The remainder ( 50 %) is guaranteed 1 to 1 conversion as long as the employee remains employed at the Company.

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there were no Performance Units tendered by employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations. During the three months ended September 30, 2024, in connection the vesting of Performance Units, 6,184 shares of common stock were tendered by employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding obligations. As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Performance Units was $ 0.8 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 63 months.

13. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements are based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is as follows:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

Level 3 — unobservable inputs

Except as disclosed below, the carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments approximate their fair values. Financial assets and liabilities whose fair values are measured on a recurring basis using Level 2 inputs consist of interest rate swaps and caps. The Company measures the fair values of these assets and liabilities based on prices provided by independent market participants that are based on observable inputs using market-based valuation techniques.

Financial assets and liabilities whose fair values are not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed include the Company's notes receivable and indebtedness. The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates consistent with the maturity, credit characteristics, and other terms of the arrangements, which are Level 3 inputs under the fair value hierarchy.

In certain cases, the inputs used to estimate the fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. For disclosure purposes, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Considerable judgment is used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments. The estimates of fair value presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized upon disposition of the financial instruments.

The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Indebtedness, net (a)	$	1,493,391	$	1,481,829	$	1,303,650	$	1,288,014
Notes receivable, net	152,288		152,288		132,565		132,565

Interest rate swap	13,972		13,972		15,861		15,861

________________________________________

(a) Excludes $ 7.7 million and $ 8.1 million of deferred financing costs as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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14. Related Party Transactions

The Company provides general contracting services to Harbor Point Parcel 3. See Note 6 for more information. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized gross profit of less than $ 0.1 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively, relating to Harbor Point Parcel 3. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized gross profit of $ 0.1 million and $ 0.4 million, respectively, relating to Harbor Point Parcel 3.

Prior to the Company’s consolidation of Harbor Point Parcel 4, the Company provided general contracting services to Harbor Point Parcel 4. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized no gross profit during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and $ 0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, relating to Harbor Point Parcel 4. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized gross profit of less than $ 0.1 million and $ 0.1 million, respectively, relating to Harbor Point Parcel 4. As disclosed above, on April 29, 2025, the Company entered into a binding term sheet with its partner for the Harbor Point Parcel 4 project, which set forth the terms upon which the Company obtained control of the project from the partner in the joint venture that owns Harbor Point Parcel 4, and, therefore, the joint venture is fully consolidated in the Company’s financial statements as of such date and any gross profit from Harbor Point Parcel 4 is eliminated in consolidation following such date.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

The Company is from time to time involved in various disputes, lawsuits, warranty claims, environmental, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters.

The Company currently is a party to various legal proceedings, none of which management expects will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. Management accrues a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is determined to be probable and a range of loss can be reasonably estimated, management accrues the best estimate within the range; however, if no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other, the minimum amount within the range is accrued. Legal fees related to litigation are expensed as incurred. Management does not believe that the ultimate outcome of these matters, either individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations; however, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties.

Under the Company’s leases, tenants are typically obligated to indemnify the Company from and against all liabilities, costs, and expenses imposed upon or asserted against it as owner of the properties due to certain matters relating to the operation of the properties by the tenant.

Guarantees

In connection with certain of the Company's real estate financing activities and equity method investments, the Company has made guarantees to pay portions of certain senior loans of third parties associated with the development projects. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no outstanding guarantee liabilities.

Commitments

The Company has a bonding line of credit for its general contracting construction business and is contingently liable under performance and payment bonds, bonds for cancellation of mechanics liens and defect bonds. Such bonds collectively totaled $ 13.0 million and $ 8.3 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Unfunded Loan Commitments

The Company has certain commitments related to its notes receivable investments that it may be required to fund in the future. The Company is generally obligated to fund these commitments at the request of the borrower or upon the occurrence of events outside of the Company's direct control. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had 5 notes receivable with a total of $ 6.5 million of unfunded commitments. These unfunded commitments reflect unfunded contingency. The Company considers the probability of contingency funding to be remote. If commitments are funded in the future, interest will be charged at rates consistent with the existing investments. As of September 30, 2025, the

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Company has recorded a CECL allowance of less than a $ 0.1 million that relates to the unfunded commitments, which was recorded as a liability in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 7 for more information.

16. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date on which this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was filed, the date on which these financial statements were issued, and identified the items below for disclosure.

Indebtedness

In October 2025, the Company had net draws of $ 1.0 million on the revolving credit facility.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References to "we," "our," "us," and "our company" refer to Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including Armada Hoffler, L.P., a Virginia limited partnership (the "Operating Partnership"), of which we are the sole general partner. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this report, or which management may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "intend," "may," "might," "plan," "estimate," "project," "should," "will," "result," and similar expressions, which do not relate solely to historical matters, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance, which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. We caution you that while forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs when we make them, they are not guarantees of future performance and are impacted by actual events when they occur after we make such statements. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.

Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data, or methods which may be incorrect or imprecise, and we may not be able to realize them. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:

• adverse economic or real estate developments, either nationally or in the markets in which our properties are located;

• our failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness;

• defaults on, early terminations of, or non-renewal of leases by tenants, including significant tenants;

• bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant tenant or a substantial number of smaller tenants;

• the inability of one or more mezzanine loan borrowers to repay mezzanine loans or similar investments in accordance with their contractual terms;

• difficulties in identifying or completing development, acquisition, or disposition opportunities;

• our ability to commence or continue construction and development projects on the timeframes and terms currently anticipated;

• our failure to successfully operate developed and acquired properties;

• our failure to generate income in our general contracting and real estate services segment in amounts that we anticipate;

• fluctuations in interest rates;

• the impact of inflation, including increases in operating costs;

• our failure to obtain necessary outside financing on favorable terms or at all;

• our inability to extend the maturity of or refinance existing debt or comply with the financial covenants in the agreements that govern our existing debt;

• financial market fluctuations;

• risks that affect the general retail environment or the market for office properties or multifamily units;

• the competitive environment in which we operate;

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• decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates;

• conflicts of interests with our officers and directors;

• lack or insufficient amounts of insurance;

• environmental uncertainties and risks related to adverse weather conditions and natural disasters;

• other factors affecting the real estate industry generally;

• our failure to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

• limitations imposed on our business and our ability to satisfy complex rules in order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

• changes in governmental regulations or interpretations thereof, such as real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates and taxation of REITs; and

• potential negative impacts from changes to U.S. tax laws.

While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. We caution investors not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements and urge investors to carefully review the disclosures we make concerning risks and uncertainties in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as risks, uncertainties, and other factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

Business Description

We are a vertically-integrated, self-managed REIT with over four decades of experience managing high-quality properties located primarily in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. Our focus is to deliver long-term, sustainable shareholder value by consistently investing in and operating the highest-quality assets, maintaining a robust and resilient balance sheet, and fostering a dynamic, highly skilled team. In addition to the ownership of our operating property portfolio, we historically have developed and built properties for our own account and through joint ventures between us and unaffiliated partners and invested in development projects through real estate financing arrangements.

Refer to Note 1 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the composition of properties in our operating property portfolio, as well as properties under development or redevelopment.

Acquisitions

On April 29, 2025, we entered into a binding term sheet with our partner for the Harbor Point Parcel 4 project, which set forth the terms upon which we acquired the remaining partnership interest of the partner in the joint venture that owns Harbor Point Parcel 4, also known as Allied | Harbor Point. On June 10, 2025, we completed the transaction. See note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further details.

Real Estate Financing Investments

Solis Gainesville II

On October 3, 2022, we entered into a $19.6 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Gainesville, Georgia (Solis Gainesville II). This project is located nearby our recently completed multifamily development project in Gainesville, The Everly. The preferred equity investment has economic and other terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption or maturity on October 3, 2026, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. Our investment bore interest at a rate of 14.0% effective through the first 24 months of the investment, after which it bore interest at a rate of 10%. As of January 1, 2025, the investment bears interest at a rate of 6% through maturity. Additionally, the investment earns an unused commitment fee of 10.0% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, effective January 1, 2023, and an equity fee on our commitment of $0.3 million, which is amortized through the date of redemption. Both the interest and unused commitment fee compound annually. The preferred equity investment is subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $5.9 million over the life of the investment, which represents approximately 24 months of interest.

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On July 10, 2024, we signed an amendment to the operating agreement for the entity through which we own our real estate financing investment with respect to Solis Gainesville II to reduce the preference rate on the investment from 10% to 6% starting on January 1, 2025. We also received a call option to purchase a controlling interest in the entity that owns Solis Gainesville II at fair market value during the period from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025, which option also gives us a right of first refusal to buy the property during the same period.

The balance on the Solis Gainesville II note was $26.5 million as of September 30, 2025, which includes $6.5 million of cumulative accrued interest, $0.4 million of cumulative accrued unused commitment fees and a discount of $0.1 million due to unamortized equity fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of interest income on the note. As of September 30, 2025, this note was fully funded and the development property was approximately 90% leased.

Solis Kennesaw

On May 25, 2023, we entered into a $37.9 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Marietta, Georgia. The investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption or maturity on May 25, 2027, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. Our investment originally bore interest at a rate of 14.0% for the first 24 months. On May 25, 2025, the investment began bearing interest at a rate of 9.0% for the following twelve months. On May 25, 2026, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 14.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. We also earn an unused commitment fee of 11.0% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum commitment, which does not compound, and an equity fee on our commitment of $0.6 million which is amortized through the date of redemption. The preferred equity investment is subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $13.1 million over the life of the investment, which represents approximately 27 months of interest.

The balance on the Solis Kennesaw note was $49.4 million as of September 30, 2025, which includes $8.9 million of cumulative accrued interest, $2.9 million of cumulative accrued unused commitment fees and a discount of $0.2 million due to unamortized equity fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $1.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the note. As of September 30, 2025, this note was fully funded and the development property was approximately 55% leased.

Solis Peachtree Corners

On July 26, 2023, we entered into a $28.4 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Peachtree Corners, Georgia ("Solis Peachtree Corners"). The preferred equity investment has economic and other terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on October 27, 2027, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. Our investment bears interest at a rate of 15.0% for the first 27 months. On November 1, 2025, the investment began bearing interest at a rate of 9.0% for 12 months. On November 1, 2026, the investment will again bear interest at a rate of 15.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. We also earn an unused commitment fee of 10.0% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which also compounds annually, and an equity fee on our commitment of $0.4 million, which is amortized through the date of redemption. The preferred equity investment is subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $12.0 million over the life of the investment, which represents approximately 30 months of interest.

The balance on the Solis Peachtree Corners note was $37.4 million as of September 30, 2025, which includes $7.0 million of cumulative accrued interest, $2.1 million of cumulative accrued unused commitment fees and a discount of $0.2 million due to unamortized equity fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $1.4 million and $3.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the note. As of September 30, 2025, this note was fully funded and the development property was approximately 28% leased.

The Allure at Edinburgh

On July 26, 2023, we entered into a $9.2 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Chesapeake, Virginia ("The Allure at Edinburgh"). The preferred equity investment has economic and other terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on January 16, 2028, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. Our investment originally bore interest at a rate of 15.0%, which did not compound. On February 3, 2025, The Allure at Edinburgh obtained a certificate of occupancy, resulting in the investment bearing interest at a rate of 10.0%. The common equity partner in the development property holds an option to sell the property to us at a predetermined amount if certain conditions are met. We also hold an option to purchase the property at any time prior to maturity of the preferred equity investment, and at the same predetermined amount as the common equity partner's option to sell.

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The balance on The Allure at Edinburgh note was $11.9 million as of September 30, 2025, which includes $2.7 million of cumulative accrued interest. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of interest income on the note. As of September 30, 2025, this note was fully funded and the development property was approximately 98% leased.

Solis North Creek

On July 10, 2024, we entered into a $27.0 million preferred equity investment for the development of a multifamily property located in Huntersville, North Carolina ("Solis North Creek"). The preferred equity investment has economic terms consistent with a note receivable, including a mandatory redemption feature effective on August 8, 2030, and it is accounted for as a note receivable. Our investment bears interest at a rate of 12.0% for the first 24 months. Beginning on July 10, 2026, the investment will bear interest at a rate of 9.0% for 12 months. On July 10, 2027, the investment will again bear interest at 12.0% through maturity. The interest compounds annually. We also earn an unused commitment fee of 4.5% on the unfunded portion of the investment's maximum loan commitment, which also compounds annually. The preferred equity investment was initially subject to a minimum interest guarantee of $8.9 million over the life of the investment.

On August 8, 2024, we signed an amendment to the operating agreement for the entity through which we own our real estate financing investment with respect to Solis North Creek to reduce the equity funding requirement from $27.0 million to $26.8 million and the minimum interest guarantee from $8.9 million to $8.8 million.

The balance on the Solis North Creek note was $29.2 million as of September 30, 2025, which includes $1.4 million of cumulative accrued interest and $1.0 million of cumulative accrued unused commitment fees. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized $0.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of interest income on the note. As of September 30, 2025, this note was fully funded.

Third Quarter 2025 and Recent Highlights

The following highlights our results of operations and significant transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and other recent developments:

• Net loss attributable to common stockholders and holders ("OP Unitholders") of units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership ("OP Units") of $3.6 million, or $0.04 per diluted share, compared to net loss attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders of $10.4 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

• Funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders ("FFO") of $20.2 million, or $0.20 per diluted share, compared to $12.7 million, or $0.14 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

• Normalized funds from operations attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders ("Normalized FFO") of $29.6 million, or $0.29 per diluted share, compared to $31.4 million, or $0.35 per diluted share, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

• As of September 30, 2025, weighted average stabilized portfolio occupancy was 95.7%. Retail occupancy was 96.0%, office occupancy was 96.5%, and multifamily occupancy was 94.2%.

• Positive spreads on renewals across all segments:

▪ Retail 5.7% (GAAP) and 6.5% (Cash)

▪ Office 21.6% (GAAP) and 8.9% (Cash)

▪ Multifamily 2.3% (GAAP and Cash)

• Executed 25 commercial lease renewals and 7 new commercial leases during the third quarter for an aggregate of 269,756 of net rentable square feet.

• Same Store Net Operating Income ("NOI") increased 1.0% on a GAAP basis compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

• Third-party construction backlog as of September 30, 2025 was $83.9 million and construction gross profit for the third quarter was $2.1 million.

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• During the third quarter of 2025, unrealized losses on non-designated interest rate derivatives that negatively affected FFO were $8.1 million. As of September 30, 2025, the value of the Company’s entire interest rate derivative portfolio, net of unrealized losses, was $13.4 million. These unrealized losses are excluded from normalized FFO.

• On July 22, 2025, we, as parent guarantor, and the Operating Partnership, as borrower, entered into a note purchase agreement with institutional investors, pursuant to which the Operating Partnership sold, and the institutional investors purchased, an aggregate of $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership, consisting of (a) $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.57% Senior Notes, Series A, due July 22, 2028, (b) $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.78% Senior Notes, Series B, due July 22, 2030 and (c) $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.09% Senior Notes, Series C, due July 22, 2032 (collectively, the “Notes”). The issue price for the Notes was 100% of the aggregate principal amount thereof. We utilized the net proceeds of the sale of the Notes to repay the $65 million construction loan secured by the Southern Post mixed-use asset and $48.0 million under the revolving credit facility.

• On October 16, 2025, we announced that our Board of Directors unanimously appointed Shawn J. Tibbetts as Chairman of the Board, effective January 1, 2026. This appointment represents the final step in the succession plan initiated in 2024. Mr. Tibbetts will continue to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer, and Louis S. Haddad will continue to serve as a director on our Board of Directors.

Segment Results of Operations

As of September 30, 2025, we operated our business in five segments: (i) retail real estate, (ii) office real estate, (iii) multifamily real estate, (iv) general contracting and real estate services, and (v) real estate financing. Our general contracting and real estate services segment is conducted through our taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS"). "NOI" is the primary measure used by our chief operating decision-maker to assess segment performance and allocate our resources among our segments. We calculate NOI as segment revenues less segment expenses. Segment revenues include rental revenues for our property segments, general contracting and real estate services revenues for our general contracting and real estate services segment, and interest income for our real estate financing segment. Segment expenses include rental expenses and real estate taxes for our property segments, general contracting and real estate services expenses for our general contracting and real estate services segment, and interest expense for our real estate financing segment. NOI is not a measure of operating income or cash flows from operating activities as measured by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") and is not indicative of cash available to fund cash needs. As a result, NOI should not be considered an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity. Not all companies calculate NOI in the same manner. We consider NOI to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income because it assists both investors and management in understanding the core operations of our real estate, construction and real estate financing businesses. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of NOI to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

We define same store properties as those properties that we owned and operated and that were stabilized for the entirety of both periods presented. We generally consider a property to be stabilized upon the earlier of: (i) the quarter after the property reaches 80% occupancy or (ii) the thirteenth quarter after the property receives its certificate of occupancy. Additionally, any property that is fully or partially taken out of service for the purpose of redevelopment is no longer considered stabilized until the redevelopment activities are complete, the asset is placed back into service, and the stabilization criteria above are again met. A property may also be fully or partially taken out of service as a result of a partial disposition, depending on the significance of the portion of the property disposed. Finally, any property classified as held for sale is taken out of service for the purpose of computing same store operating results.

Retail Segment Data

Retail rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change	2025	2024	Change
Rental revenues	$	25,426	$	26,161	(735)	74,995	77,905	$	(2,910)
Property expenses	6,718		7,570		(852)	19,994	21,399	(1,405)
Segment NOI	$	18,708	$	18,591	117	55,001	56,506	$	(1,505)

Retail segment NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the three months ended September 30, 2024. Retail segment NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.5 million, or

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2.7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to the disposition of the Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square properties, partially offset by the commencement of operations at Southern Post Retail.

Retail Same Store Results

Retail same store results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude Southern Post Retail, Allied | Harbor Point Retail, and Columbus Village II due to redevelopment, and Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square due to their disposition in December 2024.

Retail same store rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Rental revenues	$	23,653	$	23,861	$	(208)	$	71,888	$	71,456	$	432
Property expenses	6,144		6,191		(47)		18,473		17,851		622
Same Store NOI	$	17,509	$	17,670	$	(161)	$	53,415	$	53,605	$	(190)
Non-Same Store NOI	1,199		921		278		1,586		2,901		(1,315)
Segment NOI	$	18,708	$	18,591	$	117	$	55,001	$	56,506	$	(1,505)

Retail same store NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Office Segment Data

Office rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Rental revenues	$	26,026	$	27,784	$	(1,758)	$	74,315	$	72,532	$	1,783
Property expenses	9,165		8,667		498		26,771		24,503		2,268
Segment NOI	$	16,861	$	19,117	$	(2,256)	$	47,544	$	48,029	$	(485)

Office segment NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $2.3 million or 11.8%, primarily due to the receipt of a termination fee from one of our tenants at Wills Wharf in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by the receipt of assignment fees from one of our tenants at The Interlock Office in the third quarter of 2025. Office segment NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to the receipt of a termination fee from one of our tenants at Wills Wharf in the third quarter of 2024, offset by the receipt of assignment fees from one of our tenants at The Interlock Office in the third quarter of 2025, the commencement of operations at Southern Post Office, and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point Office Garage.

Office Same Store Results

Office same store results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude Southern Post Office and Allied | Harbor Point Office Garage.

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Office same store rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Rental revenues	$	24,257	$	23,599	$	658	$	70,966	$	68,246	$	2,720
Property expenses	8,405		8,434		(29)		24,697		24,198		499
Same Store NOI	$	15,852	$	15,165	$	687	$	46,269	$	44,048	$	2,221
Non-Same Store NOI	1,009		3,952		(2,943)		1,275		3,981		(2,706)
Segment NOI	$	16,861	$	19,117	$	(2,256)	$	47,544	$	48,029	$	(485)

Office same store NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $0.7 million and $2.2 million, or 4.5% and 5.0%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to new tenants at The Interlock Office and Wills Wharf Office properties.

Multifamily Segment Data

Multifamily rental revenues, property expenses, and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Rental revenues	$	17,272	$	14,653	$	2,619	$	48,362	$	43,307	$	5,055
Property expenses	7,887		6,599		1,288		21,233		18,437		2,796
Segment NOI	$	9,385	$	8,054	$	1,331	$	27,129	$	24,870	$	2,259

Multifamily segment NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $1.3 million and $2.3 million, or 16.5% and 9.1%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to higher occupancy and stabilization in the second quarter of 2025 at Chandler Residences, and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point in the second quarter of 2025.

Multifamily Same Store Results

Multifamily same store results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 exclude Chandler Residences, Allied | Harbor Point and Greenside Apartments.

Multifamily same store rental revenues, property expenses and NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Rental revenues	$	13,282	$	13,155	$	127	$	39,794	$	39,311	$	483
Property expenses	5,743		5,512		231		16,201		15,703		498
Same Store NOI	$	7,539	$	7,643	$	(104)	$	23,593	$	23,608	$	(15)
Non-Same Store NOI	1,846		411		1,435		3,536		1,262		2,274
Segment NOI	$	9,385	$	8,054	$	1,331	$	27,129	$	24,870	$	2,259

Multifamily same store NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

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General Contracting and Real Estate Services Segment Data

General contracting and real estate services revenues, expenses, and gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows ($ in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,											Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025				2024				Change			2025				2024			Change
General contracting and real estate services revenues	$	23,192		0	$	114,353			$	(91,161)		$	101,782		0	$	358,167		$	(256,385)
General contracting and real estate services expenses	21,128			0	110,987				(89,859)			96,970			0	346,385			(249,415)
Segment gross profit	$	2,064		0	$	3,366		0	$	(1,302)		$	4,812		0	$	11,782		$	(6,970)
Operating margin (1)(2)	8.9		%		2.9		%		1.4		%	4.7		%		3.3		%	2.7		%

________________________________________

(1) 50% of the gross profit attributable to our T. Rowe Price Global HQ project is not reflected within general contracting & real estate services revenues due to elimination. For the Allied | Harbor Point development project, 77% of gross profit was eliminated through April 2025. In April 2025 the project was brought on balance sheet through consolidation and as a result, all associated revenue and cost are eliminated in consolidation. The Company remains entitled to receive cash proceeds related to the eliminated amounts. Prior to the impact of these gross profit eliminations, operating margin was 8.9% and 4.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and 3.2% and 3.7% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

(2) The operating margin percentage for the three months ended September 30, 2025 is higher than typical levels due to the recognition of cost savings on a third-party project completed during the quarter.

General contracting and real estate services segment gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.3 million and $7.0 million, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily reflecting the reduction in revenue as third-party project backlog was completed. $1.4 million of the gross profit recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was due to savings recognized on the Solis Kennesaw contract during the period.

The changes in third party construction backlog for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Beginning backlog	$	90,521	$	302,850	$	123,784	$	472,169
New contracts/change orders	935		4,886		61,742		80,067
Work performed	(7,564)		(114,614)		(101,634)		(359,114)
Ending backlog	$	83,892	$	193,122	$	83,892	$	193,122

As of September 30, 2025, we had $1.4 million in the backlog relating to the Harbor Point Parcel 3 development in Baltimore.

Real Estate Financing Segment Data

Real estate financing interest income, interest expense, and gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025			2024			Change			2025			2024			Change
Interest income	$	3,851		$	4,072		$	(221)		$	11,260		$	12,038		$	(778)
Interest expense	2,151			1,724			$	427		5,792			4,823			$	969
Segment gross profit	$	1,700		$	2,348		$	(648)		$	5,468		$	7,215		$	(1,747)
Operating margin	44.1		%	57.7		%	(13.6)		%	48.6		%	59.9		%	(11.3)		%

Real estate financing gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 13.6% and 11.3%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to decreased interest

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rates for Solis Gainesville II, The Allure at Edinburgh, and Solis Kennesaw, partially offset by higher principal balances across multiple investments.

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited, in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Revenues
Rental revenues	$	68,724	$	68,598	$	126	$	197,672	$	193,744	$	3,928
General contracting and real estate services revenues	23,192		$	114,353	(91,161)		101,782		358,167		(256,385)
Interest income	4,166		$	4,701	(535)		12,534		13,959		(1,425)
Total revenues	96,082		187,652		(91,570)		311,988		565,870		(253,882)

Expenses
Rental expenses	17,622		$	16,652	970		49,323		46,344		2,979
Real estate taxes	6,148		$	6,184	(36)		18,675		17,995		680
General contracting and real estate services expenses	21,128		$	110,987	(89,859)		96,970		346,385		(249,415)
Depreciation and amortization	23,113		$	23,684	(571)		68,081		65,697		2,384
General and administrative expenses	4,447		$	5,187	(740)		17,831		15,564		2,267
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	10		$	2	8		350		5,530		(5,180)
Impairment charges	350		$	—	350		350		1,494		(1,144)
Total expenses	72,818		162,696		(89,878)		251,580		499,009		(247,429)

Operating income	23,264		24,956		(1,692)		60,408		66,861		(6,453)
Interest expense	(22,718)		(21,387)		(1,331)		(62,098)		(60,589)		(1,509)
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated real estate entities	38		—		38		(2,197)		—		(2,197)
Gain on consolidation of real estate entities	—		—		—		6,915		—		6,915
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(69)		(113)		44		(69)		(113)		44
Change in fair value of derivatives and other	(1,216)		(10,308)		9,092		(1,778)		6,978		(8,756)
Unrealized credit loss release (provision)	126		(198)		324		313		(53)		366
Other income (expense), net	28		96		(68)		(44)		254		(298)
(Loss) income before taxes	(547)		(6,954)		6,407		1,450		13,338		(11,888)
Income tax (provision) benefit	(192)		(592)		400		185		120		65
Net (loss) income	(739)		(7,546)		6,807		1,635		13,458		(11,823)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in investment entities	51		17		34		131		(34)		165
Preferred stock dividends	(2,887)		$	(2,887)	—		(8,661)		(8,661)		—
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders	$	(3,575)	$	(10,416)	$	6,841	$	(6,895)	$	4,763	$	(11,658)

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Revenues

Rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $0.1 million and $3.9 million, or 0.2% and 2.0%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Retail	$	25,426	$	26,161	$	(735)	$	74,995	$	77,905	$	(2,910)
Office	26,026		27,784		$	(1,758)	74,315		72,532		1,783
Multifamily	17,272		14,653		$	2,619	48,362		43,307		5,055
	$	68,724	$	68,598	$	126	$	197,672	$	193,744	$	3,928

Retail rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $0.7 million and $2.9 million, or 2.8% and 3.7%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to [the dispositions of Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square, partially offset by the commencement of operations at Southern Post Retail.

Office rental revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.8 million, or 6.3%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the receipt of termination fees from one of our tenants at Wills Wharf in the third quarter of 2024, partially offset by the receipt of assignment fees from one of our tenants at The Interlock Office in the third quarter of 2025. Office rental revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were materially consistent with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to the receipt of a termination fee from one of our tenants at Wills Wharf in the third quarter of 2024, offset by the receipt of assignment fees from one of our tenants at The Interlock Office in the third quarter of 2025, the commencement of operations at Southern Post Office, and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point Office Garage.

Multifamily rental revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $2.6 million and $5.1 million, or 17.9% and 11.7%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the commencement of operations at Chandler Residences in the third quarter of 2024 and stabilization in the second quarter of 2025, and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point in the second quarter of 2025.

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Revenues

General contracting and real estate services revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $91.2 million and $256.4 million, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the higher volume of work completed in 2024.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $0.5 million and $1.4 million, or 11.4% and 10.2%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the payoff of the Solis City Park II investment in July 2024, as well as decreased interest rates for Solis Gainesville II, The Allure at Edinburgh, and Solis Kennesaw, partially offset by increased principal balances for other real estate financing investments.

Rental Expenses

Rental expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $1.0 million and $3.0 million or 5.8% and 6.4%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Retail	$	4,344	$	5,104	$	(760)	$	13,051	$	14,099	$	(1,048)
Office	6,918		6,307		611		19,555		17,793		1,762
Multifamily	6,360		5,241		1,119		16,717		14,452		2,265
	$	17,622	$	16,652	$	970	$	49,323	$	46,344	$	2,979

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Retail rental expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $0.8 million, or 14.9%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to the disposition of Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square and decreased expenses at The Interlock Retail, partially offset by the commencement of operations at Southern Post Retail. Retail rental expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.0 million, or 7.4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the disposition of Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square and decreased expenses at The Interlock Retail, partially offset by the commencement of operations at Southern Post Retail and increased repairs and maintenance across the portfolio.

Office rental expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $0.6 million and $1.8 million, or 9.7% and 9.9%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to increased utilities at the Harbor Point properties due to increased usage as a result of the return to office trend and commencement of operations at Southern Post Office.

Multifamily rental expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $1.1 million and $2.3 million, or 21.4% and 15.7%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to increased utilities at the Harbor Point properties as well as the commencement of operations at Chandler Residences in the third quarter of 2024 and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point in the second quarter of 2025.

Real Estate Taxes

Real estate taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were materially consistent as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Real estate taxes for the nine months ended and September 30, 2025 increased $0.7 million, or 3.8%, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change		2025		2024		Change
Retail	$	2,374	$	2,466	$	(92)	$	6,943	$	7,300	$	(357)
Office	2,247		2,360		(113)		7,216		6,710		506
Multifamily	1,527		1,358		169		4,516		3,985		531
	$	6,148	$	6,184	$	(36)	$	18,675	$	17,995	$	680

Retail real estate taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $0.1 million and $0.4 million, or 3.7% and 4.9%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a decrease of $0.2 million and $0.7 million from the dispositions of Market at Mill Creek and Nexton Square, respectively, partially offset by commencement of operations at Southern Post Retail and increased assessments at select properties within the portfolio.

Office real estate taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $0.1 million, or 4.8%, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in the assessment at One City Center Office, partially offset by an increase in the assessment at Constellation Office and the consolidation of Allied | Office Garage. Office real estate taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $0.5 million, or 7.5% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the consolidation of Allied | Office Garage and the commencement of operations at Southern Post Office, partially offset by a decrease in the assessment at One City Center Office.

Multifamily real estate taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $0.2 million and $0.5 million, or 12.4% and 13.3%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the commencement of operations at Chandler Residences in the third quarter of 2024 and the consolidation of Allied | Harbor Point in the second quarter of 2025. Excluding these assets, multifamily real estate taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

General Contracting and Real Estate Services Expenses

General contracting and real estate services expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $89.9 million and $249.4 million, or 81.0% and 72.0%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to the higher volume of work performed in 2024.

Depreciation and Amortization

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Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the three months ended September 30, 2024. Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 3.6% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the commencement of operations at the mixed-use Southern Post property and the Chandler Residences property, as well as the consolidation of the mixed-use Allied | Harbor Point property.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 14.3% as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to the severance costs in the third quarter of 2024. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 14.6% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the double-issuance of stock compensation due to a modification in the structure of executive compensation grants, including the impact of grants in the current year that are related to the prior year's performance and grants that are related to the current year's performance. New grants are now issued in the year in which performance relates. There also was a one-time acceleration of 100% of stock compensation awarded to our former Chief Executive Officer in relation to prior year performance, and a one-time special award granted in June 2025.

Acquisition, Development, and Other Pursuit Costs

Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were immaterial. Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were immaterial. Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to the write off of development costs related to an undeveloped land parcel in predevelopment located in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Non-Operating Income and Expenses

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased 6% as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to increased borrowing to fund the Solis North Creek investment. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was materially consistent with the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Equity in loss of unconsolidated real estate entities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 relates to the commencement of operations at Harbor Point Parcel 3 and Allied | Harbor Point in the first quarter of 2025 and the fourth quarter of 2024, respectively. Allied | Harbor Point was consolidated in the second quarter of 2025. Refer to Note 5 for more information.

The change in fair value of derivatives and other for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 included an increase in interest receipts for non-designated derivatives due to a higher notional amount of derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges outstanding, and a decrease in the fair value of our derivative instruments due to decreases in the forward SOFR curve.

Changes in unrealized credit loss provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were immaterial.

Changes in other income (expense), net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were immaterial.

Income tax (provision) benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was attributable to the taxable profits and losses of our development and construction businesses that we operate through our TRS. In 2024, there was impairment of real estate of $1.5 million and development costs of $5.5 million that were recognized during the second quarter, resulting in a tax benefit.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We believe our primary short-term liquidity requirements consist of general contractor expenses, operating expenses, and other expenditures associated with our properties, including tenant improvements, leasing commissions and leasing incentives, dividend payments to our stockholders required to maintain our REIT qualification, debt service, capital expenditures, new real estate development projects, mezzanine loan funding requirements, and strategic acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, reserves established from existing cash,

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borrowings under construction loans to fund new real estate development and construction, borrowings available under our credit facility (as defined below), and net proceeds from the opportunistic sale of common stock through our ATM Program, which is discussed below.

Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at or prior to maturity, general contracting expenses, property development and acquisitions, tenant improvements, and capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, the issuance of equity and debt securities, and the opportunistic disposition of non-core properties. We also may fund property development and acquisitions and capital improvements using our credit facility pending long-term financing.

As of September 30, 2025, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $46.5 million available for both current liquidity needs as well as development and redevelopment activities. We also had restricted cash in escrow of $3.3 million, some of which is available for capital expenditures and certain operating expenses at our operating properties. As of September 30, 2025, we had $85.8 million of available borrowings under our revolving credit facility to meet our short-term liquidity requirements. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, we decreased outstanding borrowings on our revolving credit facility by $9.0 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we began to implement a strategic transformation of the composition of borrowings by refinancing secured property debt with unsecured property debt in order to increase the flexibility of our financing cash flows. We continue to implement this transformation in the current fiscal year. As of September 30, 2025, unsecured debt represented 60.2% of our total borrowings compared to 55.9% as of September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, we had $30.0 million in loans that will mature during the remainder of 2025 for which we plan to extend the maturity through available extension options or refinance.

ATM Program

On March 10, 2020, we commenced an at-the-market continuous equity offering program (the "ATM Program") through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock and shares of our 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock") having an aggregate offering price of up to $300.0 million, to or through our sales agents and, with respect to shares of our common stock, may enter into separate forward sales agreements to or through the forward purchaser. The company's ATM Program has no expiration date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we did not issue any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the ATM Program. Shares having an aggregate offering price of $178.5 million remained unsold under the ATM Program as of October 31, 2025.

Share Repurchase Program

On June 15, 2023, we adopted a $50.0 million share repurchase program (the "Share Repurchase Program"). Under the Share Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares of our common stock and Series A Preferred Stock from time to time in the open market, in block purchases, through privately negotiated transactions, the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other means permitted. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or acquire shares over any specific period of time. The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or discontinued at any time by us and does not have an expiration date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we did not repurchase any shares of common stock or Series A Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2025, $37.4 million remained available for repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program.

Credit Facility

On August 23, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), which provides for a $550.0 million credit facility comprised of a $250.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "revolving credit facility") and a $300.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "term loan facility" and, together with the revolving credit facility, the "credit facility"), with a syndicate of banks. Subject to available borrowing capacity, we intend to use future borrowings under the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including funding acquisitions, mezzanine lending, and development and redevelopment of properties in our portfolio, and for working capital.

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The credit facility includes an accordion feature that allows the total commitments to be increased to $1.0 billion, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders. The revolving credit facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 22, 2027, with two six-month extension options, subject to certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee at each extension. The term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 21, 2028.

On August 29, 2023, we increased the capacity of the revolving credit facility by $105.0 million by exercising the accordion feature in part, bringing the revolving credit facility capacity to $355.0 million and the total credit facility capacity to $655.0 million.

On June 14, 2024, the term loan facility commitment increased to $350.0 million as a result of an existing lender increasing its outstanding commitment.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.30% to 1.85% and a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%, and the term loan facility bears interest at SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.80% and a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%, in each case depending on our total leverage. We also are obligated to pay an unused commitment fee of 15 or 25 basis points on the unused portions of the commitments under the revolving credit facility, depending on the amount of borrowings under the revolving credit facility. If the Company or the Operating Partnership attains investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., we may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings. Our unencumbered borrowing pool will support revolving borrowings of up to $285.7 million, as of September 30, 2025.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the credit facility, and its obligations under the credit facility are guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The Credit Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to borrow under the credit facility is subject to our ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants and other restrictions, including the following:

• Total leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition with a purchase price of at least $100.0 million, but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);

• Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to fixed charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.0;

• Tangible net worth of not less than the sum of (i) $825.2 million and (ii) an amount equal to 75% of the net equity proceeds received by us after June 30, 2022;

• Ratio of secured indebtedness (excluding the credit facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 40%;

• Ratio of secured recourse debt (excluding the credit facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 20%;

• Total unsecured leverage ratio of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition with a purchase price of at least $100.0 million, but only up to two times during the term of the credit facility);

• Unencumbered interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;

• Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 unencumbered properties (as defined in the Credit Agreement) with an unencumbered asset value (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of not less than $500.0 million at any time; and

• Minimum occupancy rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for all unencumbered properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The Credit Agreement limits our ability to pay cash dividends if a default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom. However, if certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends to the extent necessary to (i) maintain our status as a REIT and (ii) avoid federal or state income excise taxes. The Credit Agreement also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans, and unconsolidated affiliates, and restricts our ability to repurchase stock and OP Units during the term of the credit facility.

We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay any loan under the credit facility in whole or in part without significant premium or penalty, except for those portions subject to an interest rate swap agreement.

The Credit Agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default, following the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the credit facility to be immediately due and payable.

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M&T Term Loan Facility

On December 6, 2022, we entered into a term loan agreement (the "M&T term loan agreement") with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company, which provides a $100.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "M&T term loan facility"), with the option to increase the total capacity to $200.0 million, subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions. The M&T term loan facility has a scheduled maturity date of March 8, 2027, with a one-year extension option, subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions, including payment of a 0.075% extension fee.

On June 21, 2024, the M&T term loan facility commitment increased to $135.0 million as a result of adding a new lender to the facility.

The M&T term loan facility bears interest at a rate elected by us based on term SOFR, Daily Simple SOFR, or the Base Rate (as defined below), and in each case plus a margin. A term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR loan is also subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%. The margin under each interest rate election depends on our total leverage. The "Base Rate" is equal to the highest of: (a) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by M&T Bank as its “prime rate” for such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate for such day, plus 0.50%, (c) one month term SOFR for such day plus 100 basis points and (d) 1.00%. We have elected for the loan to bear interest at term SOFR plus margin. If we attain investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investor Service, Inc., we may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the M&T term loan facility, and its obligations under the M&T term loan facility are guaranteed by us and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The M&T term loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to borrow under the M&T term loan facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions, including the following:

• Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the M&T term loan agreement) to fixed charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.0;

• Tangible net worth of not less than the sum of (i) $825.2 million and (ii) an amount equal to 75% of the net equity proceeds received by us after June 30, 2022;

• Ratio of secured indebtedness (excluding the M&T term loan facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 40%;

• Ratio of secured recourse debt (excluding the M&T term loan facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 20%;

• Unencumbered interest coverage ratio (as defined in the M&T term loan agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;

• Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 unencumbered properties (as defined in the M&T term loan agreement) with an unencumbered asset value (as defined in the M&T term loan agreement) of not less than $500.0 million at any time; and

• Minimum occupancy rate (as defined in the M&T term loan agreement) for all unencumbered properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The M&T term loan agreement limits our ability to pay cash dividends if a default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom. However, if certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends to the extent necessary to (i) maintain our status as a REIT and (ii) avoid federal or state income excise taxes. The M&T term loan agreement also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans and unconsolidated affiliates, and restricts our ability to repurchase stock and OP Units during the term of the M&T term loan facility.

We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay the M&T term loan facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty, provided certain conditions are met.

The M&T term loan agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure

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periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the M&T term loan facility to be immediately due and payable. A default under the Credit Agreement would also constitute a default under the M&T term loan agreement.

TD Term Loan Facility

On May 19, 2023, we entered into a term loan agreement (the "TD term loan agreement") with Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC, as administrative agent, and TD Bank, N.A. as lender, which provides a $75.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "TD term loan facility"), with the option to increase the total capacity to $150.0 million, subject to our satisfaction of certain conditions. On June 26, 2025, we exercised our option to extend the maturity date of the TD term loan facility by one year, which will now mature on May 19, 2026. We paid a nominal extension fee.

The TD term loan facility bears interest at a rate elected by us based on term SOFR, Daily Simple SOFR, or the Base Rate (as defined below), and in each case plus a margin. A term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR loan is also subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%. The margin under each interest rate election depends on our total leverage. The "Base Rate" is equal to the highest of: (a) the Federal Funds Rate for such day, plus 0.50% (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by the administrative agent as its “prime rate” for such day, (c) one month term SOFR for such day plus 100 basis points and (d) 1.00%. We have elected for the loan to bear interest at term SOFR plus margin. If we attain investment grade credit ratings from both S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investor Service, Inc., we may elect to have borrowings become subject to interest rates based on such credit ratings.

On June 29, 2023, the TD term loan facility commitment increased to $95.0 million as a result of the addition of a second lender to the facility.

The Operating Partnership is the borrower under the TD term loan facility, and its obligations under the TD term loan facility are guaranteed by us and certain of its subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The TD term loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties and financial and other affirmative and negative covenants. Our ability to borrow under the TD term loan facility is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions, including the following:

• Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the TD term loan agreement) to fixed charges of not less than 1.50 to 1.0;

• Tangible net worth of not less than the sum of (i) $825.2 million and (ii) an amount equal to 75% of the net equity proceeds received by us after June 30, 2022;

• Ratio of secured indebtedness (excluding the TD term loan facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 40%;

• Ratio of secured recourse debt (excluding the TD term loan facility if it becomes secured indebtedness) to total asset value of not more than 20%;

• Unencumbered interest coverage ratio (as defined in the TD term loan agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;

• Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 unencumbered properties (as defined in the TD term loan agreement) with an unencumbered asset value (as defined in the TD term loan agreement) of not less than $500.0 million at any time; and

• Minimum occupancy rate (as defined in the TD term loan agreement) for all unencumbered properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The TD term loan agreement limits our ability to pay cash dividends if a default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom. However, if certain defaults or events of default exist, we may pay cash dividends to the extent necessary to (i) maintain our status as a REIT and (ii) avoid federal or state income excise taxes. The TD term loan agreement also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans and unconsolidated affiliates, and restricts our ability to

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repurchase stock and OP Units during the term of the TD term loan facility.

We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay the TD term loan facility in whole or in part without premium or penalty, provided certain conditions are met.

The TD term loan agreement includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to customary cure periods. The occurrence of an event of default, if not cured within the applicable cure period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the TD term loan facility to be immediately due and payable. A default under the Credit Agreement would also constitute a default under the TD term loan agreement.

Private Placement Notes

On July 22, 2025, we and the Operating Partnership entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note Purchase Agreement”), with institutional investors, pursuant to which the Operating Partnership sold, and the institutional investors purchased,which $115.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes, consisting of (a) $25.0 million aggregate principal amount of of 5.57% Senior Notes, Series A, due July 22, 2028, (b) $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.78% Senior Notes, Series B, due July 22, 2030, and (c) $45.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.09% Senior Notes, Series C, due July 22, 2032 (collectively, the "Notes").

The Notes bear interest on the outstanding principal balance at the stated rates per annum from the date of issuance, payable semiannually on January 22 and July 22 of each year, commencing January 22, 2026 until such principal becomes due and payable. The Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of the Operating Partnership and rank at least pari passu in right of payment with all other unsecured senior indebtedness of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership’s obligations under the Notes are guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries that are not otherwise prohibited from providing such guaranty.

The Note Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties. Under the Note Purchase Agreement, we are also subject to a number of financial covenants, affirmative covenants, and other restrictions, including the following, which are subject to a “most favored lender” provision, which automatically incorporates any changes to corresponding covenants under the Credit Agreement into the Note Purchase Agreement:

• Ratio of Secured Recourse Debt (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), excluding the Notes if they become Secured Indebtedness (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement)), to total asset value of not more than 20%;

• Maintenance of a minimum of at least 15 Unencumbered Properties (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) with an Unencumbered Asset Value (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) of not less than $500.0 million at any time; and

• Minimum Occupancy Rate (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) for all Unencumbered Properties of not less than 80% at any time.

The following financial covenants are not subject to the most favored lender provision:

• Ratio of adjusted EBITDA (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) to Fixed Charges (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) of not less than 1.5 to 1.0;

• Tangible Net Worth (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) of not less than the sum of (i) $825.2 million and (ii) an amount equal to 75% of the net equity proceeds received by us after June 30, 2022;

• Ratio of Secured Indebtedness, excluding the Notes if they become Secured Indebtedness, to total asset value of not more than 40%;

• Total Unsecured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) of not more than 60% (or 65% for the two consecutive quarters following any acquisition with a purchase price of at least $100.0 million, but only up to two times during the term of the Note Purchase Agreement);

• Unencumbered Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement) of not less than 1.75 to 1.0;

The Note Purchase Agreement also restricts the amount of capital that we can invest in specific categories of assets, such as unimproved land holdings, development properties, notes receivable, mortgages, mezzanine loans and unconsolidated affiliates while the Notes are outstanding.

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We may, at any time, voluntarily prepay all of, or from time to time any part of, any series of the Notes in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of such series of the Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, plus the applicable Make‑Whole Amount (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), which will be calculated based on the prepayment date with respect to such principal amount, as set forth in the Note Purchase Agreement.

The Note Purchase Agreement includes customary events of default, including but not limited to non-payment, breach of covenants, representations or warranties, cross defaults, bankruptcy or other insolvency events, judgments, Employee Retirement Income Security Act 1974 (ERISA) events, and if any guarantee ceases to be in full force and effect. In certain cases, the events of default are subject to customary periods to cure. The occurrence of an event of default, following the applicable cure period, would permit holders of more than 50% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes to, among other things, declare the unpaid principal, accrued and unpaid interest, and all other amounts payable under the Notes to be immediately due and payable.

On July 22, 2025, we received the net proceeds from the private placement of the Notes, which were used to repay the $65.0 million construction loan secured by the Southern Post mixed-use property and to pay down our revolving line of credit.

We are currently in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement, the M&T term loan agreement, the TD term loan agreement, and the private placement.

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Consolidated Indebtedness

The following table sets forth our consolidated indebtedness as of September 30, 2025 ($ in thousands):


	Amount Outstanding		Interest Rate (a)			Effective Rate for Variable-Rate Debt			Maturity Date (b)		Balance at Maturity
Secured Debt
The Everly	30,000		SOFR+	1.50	%	5.63	%		December 20, 2025		30,000
Encore Apartments & 4525 Main Street	51,180			2.93	%	2.93	%		February 10, 2026		50,726
Thames Street Wharf	65,386		SOFR+	1.30	%	2.33	%	(c)	September 30, 2026		64,072
Constellation Energy Building	175,000		SOFR+	1.50	%	5.74	%		November 1, 2026		175,000

The Allied \| Harbor Point	90,000		SOFR+	2.00	%	4.71	%	(c)	June 10, 2027		90,000
Liberty	19,970		SOFR+	1.50	%	4.93	%	(c)	September 27, 2027		19,230
Greenbrier Square	18,886			3.74	%	3.74	%		October 10, 2027		18,049
Lexington Square	13,054			4.50	%	4.50	%		September 1, 2028		12,044
Red Mill North	3,747			4.73	%	4.73	%		December 31, 2028		3,295
Premier Apartments and Retail	29,285			5.53	%	5.53	%		December 1, 2029		29,415
Greenside Apartments	29,720			3.17	%	3.17	%		December 15, 2029		26,095
Smith's Landing	12,812			4.05	%	4.05	%		June 1, 2035		384
The Edison	14,456			5.30	%	5.30	%		December 1, 2044		100
The Cosmopolitan	38,761			3.35	%	3.35	%		July 1, 2051		187
Total - Secured Debt	$	592,257									$	518,597
Unsecured Debt
TD Unsecured Term Loan	$	95,000	SOFR+	1.35%-1.90%		5.78	%		May 19, 2026	(d)	$	95,000
Senior Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility	200,000		SOFR+	1.30%-1.85%		5.73	%		January 22, 2027		200,000

M&T Unsecured Term Loan	35,000		SOFR+	1.25%-1.80%		5.68	%		March 8, 2027		35,000
M&T Unsecured Term Loan (Fixed)	100,000		SOFR+	1.25%-1.80%		5.05	%	(c)	March 8, 2027		100,000
Senior Unsecured Term Loan	271,000		SOFR+	1.25%-1.80%		5.68	%		January 21, 2028		271,000
Senior Unsecured Term Loan (Fixed)	79,000		SOFR+	1.25%-1.80%		4.98	%	(c)	January 21, 2028		79,000
Senior Notes, Series A	25,000			5.57	%	5.57	%		July 22, 2028		25,000
Senior Notes, Series B	45,000			5.78	%	5.78	%		July 22, 2030		45,000
Senior Notes, Series C	45,000			6.09	%	6.09	%		July 22, 2032		45,000
Total - Unsecured Debt	$	895,000									$	895,000
Total Principal Balances	$	1,487,257									$	1,413,597
Other notes payable (e)	6,109
Unamortized GAAP Adjustments	(7,709)

Indebtedness, Net	$	1,485,657

_______________________________________

(a) SOFR is determined by individual lenders.

(b) Does not reflect the effect of any maturity extension options.

(d) The Company exercised the one-year extension option for this loan on June 26, 2025.

(e) Represents the fair value of additional ground lease payments at 1405 Point over the approximately 38-year remaining lease term.

As of September 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all loan covenants on our outstanding indebtedness.

As of September 30, 2025, our scheduled principal payments and maturities during each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows ($ in thousands):


Year (1)(2)(3)	Amount Due		Percentage of Total
2025 (excluding the nine months ended September 30, 2025 )	$	31,820	2	%
2026	390,466		26	%
2027	466,818		31	%
2028	394,322		27	%
2029	59,039		4	%
Thereafter	144,792		10	%
Total	$	1,487,257	100	%

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(1) Does not reflect the effect of any maturity extension options.

(2) Includes debt incurred in connection with the development of properties.

(3) Debt principal payments and maturities exclude increased ground lease payments at 1405 Point which are classified as a note payable in our consolidated balance sheets.

Interest Rate Derivatives

As of September 30, 2025, we held the following interest rate swap agreements ($ in thousands):


Related Debt	Notional Amount		Index		Swap Fixed Rate		Debt Effective Rate		Effective Date	Expiration Date
Harbor Point Parcel 3 senior construction loan	$	90,000	1-month SOFR	(a)	2.75	%	4.82	%	10/2/2023	10/1/2025
Floating rate pool of loans	330,000		1-month SOFR	(b)	2.75	%	4.35	%	10/1/2023	10/1/2025
Allied Loan and floating rate pool of loans	100,000		1-month SOFR	(c)	2.75	%	4.71	%	11/01/2023	11/01/2025
Floating rate pool of loans	300,000		1-month SOFR	(d)	2.75	%	4.35	%	12/01/2023	12/01/2025
Floating rate pool of loans	320,000		1-month SOFR	(e)	2.25	%	3.85	%	08/01/2025	8/01/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	320,000		1-month SOFR	(e)	2.25	%	3.85	%	08/01/2025	8/01/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	90,000		1-month SOFR	(f)	2.25	%	3.85	%	08/01/2025	8/01/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	90,000		1-month SOFR	(f)	2.25	%	3.85	%	08/01/2025	8/01/2026
Thames Street Wharf loan	63,769		Daily SOFR	(g)	0.93	%	2.33	%	09/30/2021	9/30/2026
Floating rate pool of loans	150,000		1-month SOFR	(h)	2.50	%	4.10	%	01/02/2025	1/01/2027
M&T unsecured term loan	100,000		1-month SOFR	(g)	3.50	%	5.05	%	12/06/2022	12/06/2027
Liberty Retail & Apartments loan	21,000		1-month SOFR	(i)	3.43	%	4.93	%	12/13/2022	1/21/2028
Senior unsecured term loan	79,000		1-month SOFR	(i)	3.43	%	4.98	%	12/13/2022	1/21/2028
Total	$	2,053,769

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(a) This interest rate swap agreement reduces our interest rate exposure on the $174.4 million senior construction loan secured by our Harbor Point Parcel 3 equity method investment . As such, the loan is not reflected on our consolidated balance sheets. We also paid $3.6 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on September 8, 2023.

(b) We paid $13.3 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on September 8, 2023.

(d) We paid $10.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on November 16, 2023.

(e) We paid $5.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on July 28, 2025.

(f) We paid $1.5 million to reduce the swap fixed rate on July 28, 2025.

(g) Designated as a cash flow hedge.

(h) On January 3, 2025, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement with a notional of $150.0 million and a SOFR rate of 2.50%. The interest rate swap will expire on January 1, 2027. We paid a $4.6 million premium for this transaction.

(i) We novated an existing 3.43% fixed rate swap with a $100.0 million notional and assigned (A) $11.1 million notional to the loan secured by Market at Mill Creek, effective April 17, 2024, and (B) $21.0 million to the loan secured by Liberty Retail & Apartments, effective February 1, 2024. Once the Market at Mill Creek loan was repaid, the $67.9 million swap on the senior unsecured loan increased to $79.0 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In connection with certain of our real estate financing activities and equity method investments, we have made guarantees to pay portions of certain senior loans of third parties associated with the development projects. As of September 30, 2025, we had no outstanding guarantee liabilities.

Unfunded Loan Commitments

We may be a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of our borrowers. These commitments are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2025, our off-balance sheet arrangements consisted of $6.5 million of unfunded commitments of our notes receivable. These unfunded commitments consist of no unfunded principal and $6.5 million of unfunded contingency. We consider the probability of contingency funding to be remote. We have recorded a credit loss reserve of less than $0.1 million in conjunction with the total unfunded commitments. Such commitments are subject to our borrowers’ satisfaction of certain financial and

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nonfinancial covenants and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The commitments may or may not be funded depending on a variety of circumstances including timing, credit metric hurdles, and other nonfinancial events occurring.

Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		Change
	(in thousands)
Operating activities	$	37,500	$	91,217	$	(53,717)
Investing activities	(79,530)		(67,584)		(11,946)
Financing activities	19,631		(8,073)		27,704
Net increase (decrease)	$	(22,399)	$	15,560	$	(37,959)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	$	72,223	$	30,166
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	49,824	$	45,726

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities decreased $53.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to timing of payments on outstanding construction liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in investing activities increased $11.9 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the purchase of interest rate derivatives and higher investments in tenant and building improvements, offset by a decrease in real estate financing notes receivable issuances and an increase in receipts on off-market interest rate derivatives.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities increased $27.7 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the issuance of private placement debt and increased credit facility borrowings, offset by proceeds from common stock issuance in the prior year.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We calculate FFO in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("Nareit"). Nareit defines FFO as net income (loss) (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization related to consolidated and unconsolidated real estate, gains or losses from the sales of certain real estate assets, gains or losses from change in control, and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity.

FFO is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure. Management uses FFO as a supplemental performance measure because we believe that FFO is beneficial to investors as a starting point in measuring our operational performance. Specifically, in excluding real estate related depreciation and amortization and gains and losses from property dispositions, which do not relate to or are not indicative of operating performance, FFO provides a performance measure that, when compared period-over-period, captures trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs.

However, because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization and captures neither the changes in the value of our properties that result from use or market conditions nor the level of capital expenditures and leasing commissions necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which have real economic effects and could materially impact our results from operations, the utility of FFO as a measure of our performance is limited. In addition, other equity REITs may not calculate FFO in accordance with the Nareit definition as we do, and, accordingly, our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ calculations of FFO. Accordingly, FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income as a measure of our performance. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or service indebtedness. Also, FFO should not be used as a supplement to or substitute for cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP.

We also believe that the computation of FFO in accordance with Nareit’s definition includes certain items that are not indicative of the results provided by our operating property portfolio and affect the comparability of our period-over-period performance. Accordingly, management believes that Normalized FFO is a more useful performance measure that excludes

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certain items, including but not limited to, debt extinguishment losses and prepayment penalties, impairment and accelerated amortization of intangible assets and liabilities, property acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs, mark-to-market adjustments for interest rate derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges, amortization of payments made to purchase interest rate caps and swaps designated as cash flow hedges, provision for unrealized non-cash credit losses, amortization of right-of-use assets attributable to finance leases, severance related costs, and other non-comparable items. Other equity REITs may not calculate Normalized FFO in the same manner as we do, and, accordingly, our Normalized FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs' Normalized FFO.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO and Normalized FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders	$	(3,575)	$	(10,416)	$	(6,895)	$	4,763
Depreciation and amortization, net (1)	23,395		23,070		69,774		63,855
Gain on consolidation of real estate entities	—		—		(6,915)		—
Gain on operating real estate dispositions, net	—		—		—		—
Impairment of real estate assets	350		—		350		1,494
FFO attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders	20,170		12,654		56,314		70,112
Acquisition, development, and other pursuit costs	10		2		350		5,530
Accelerated amortization of intangible assets and liabilities	—		(5)		(169)		(5)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	69		113		69		113
Unrealized credit loss (release) provision	(126)		198		(313)		53
Amortization of right-of-use assets - finance leases	395		395		1,185		1,184
Decrease in fair value of derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges	8,095		16,669		17,567		12,109
Stock compensation normalization (2)	527		—		2,776		—
Amortization of interest rate derivatives on designated cash flow hedges	383		73		1,149		454
Severance related costs	91		1,339		1,684		1,506
Normalized FFO available to common stockholders and OP Unitholders	$	29,614	$	31,438	$	80,612	$	91,056
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders per diluted share and unit	$	(0.04)	$	(0.11)	$	(0.07)	$	0.05
FFO attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders per diluted share and unit	$	0.20	$	0.14	$	0.55	$	0.79
Normalized FFO attributable to common stockholders and OP Unitholders per diluted share and unit	$	0.29	$	0.35	$	0.79	$	1.02
Weighted-average common shares and units - diluted	102,093		90,598		101,839		89,293

________________________________________


(1) The adjustment for depreciation and amortization excludes amortization of above and below-market ground lease assets. The adjustment for depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 excludes $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of depreciation attributable to our partners. The adjustment for depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 excludes $0.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively of depreciation attributable to our partners. The adjustment for depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 includes $0.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively, of depreciation attributable to unconsolidated investments.

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(2) Accounts for the double-issuance of stock compensation due to a modification in the structure of executive compensation grants, removing the impact of grants in the current year that are related to the prior year's performance. New grants are now issued in the year in which performance relates. Adjustment also removes impact of a one-time acceleration of 100% of stock compensation awarded to our former Chief Executive Officer in relation to prior year performance. This adjustment accounts for the duplicate expense, but does not adjust for the double issuance of shares. This adjustment also specifically excludes the impact of the special awards granted in June 2025 to a select group of employees, including our executive officers.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to exercise our best judgment in making estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, based upon then-currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. We discuss the accounting policies and estimates that are most critical to understanding our reported financial results in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the Company's market risk since December 31, 2024. For a discussion of the Company's exposure to market risk, refer to the Company's market risk disclosure set forth in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations of the SEC and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

We have carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded, as of September 30, 2025, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act: (i) is processed, recorded, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently a party, as plaintiff or defendant, to any legal proceedings that we believe to be material or which, individually or in the aggregate, would be expected to have a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations if determined adversely to us. We may be subject to ongoing litigation relating to our portfolio and the properties comprising our portfolio, and we expect to otherwise be party from time to time to various lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On June 15, 2023, we adopted the $50.0 million Share Repurchase Program. Under the Share Repurchase Program, we may repurchase shares of common stock and Series A Preferred Stock from time to time in the open market, in block purchases, through privately negotiated transactions, the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, or other means permitted. The Share Repurchase Program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or acquire shares over any specific period of time. The Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have an expiration date.

We did not repurchase any common stock or Series A Preferred Stock under the Share Repurchase Program for the three months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, $37.4 million remained available for repurchases under the Share Repurchase Program.

Item 3. Defaults on Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Table of Content

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed, furnished or incorporated by reference (as applicable) as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Exhibit No.						Description
3.1						Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3, filed on June 2, 2014) .

3.2						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed on February 24, 2022) .

3.3						Articles Supplementary Designating the Rights and Preferences of the 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 17, 2019).

3.4						Articles Supplementary relating to Section 3-802(c) of the Maryland General Corporation Law (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 24, 2020).

3.5						Articles Supplementary Designating Additional 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated March 6, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Company’s Form S-3, filed on March 9, 2020).

3.6						Articles Supplementary Designating Additional 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated July 2, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 6, 2020).

3.7						Articles Supplementary Designating Additional 6.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated August 17, 2020 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 20, 2020).

4.1						Form of Armada Hoffler, L.P. 5.57% Senior Note, Series A, due July 22, 2028 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 22, 2025).

4.2						Form of Armada Hoffler, L.P. 5.78% Senior Note, Series B, due July 22, 2030 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 22, 2025).

4.3						Form of Armada Hoffler, L.P. 6.09% Senior Note, Series C, due July 22, 2032 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 22, 2025).

10.1						Term Sheet, dated April 29, 2025, by and between Baltimore Parcel 4, LLC and Harbor Point Parcel 4 Holdings, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 0 .1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 22, 2025).

10.2						Note Purchase Agreement, dated July 22, 2025, among Armada Hoffler, L.P., Armada Hoffler Properties, Inc. and the Purchasers party thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 22, 2025).

31.1*						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 .

31.2*						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 .

32.1**						Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 .

32.2**						Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 .

101*						The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, were formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

104*						Cover page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL.

*						Filed herewith

**						Furnished herewith

Table of Content

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			ARMADA HOFFLER PROPERTIES, INC.

Date: November 5, 2025			/s/ Shawn J. Tibbetts
			Shawn J. Tibbetts
			Chief Executive Officer and President
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 5, 2025			/s/ Matthew T. Barnes-Smith
			Matthew T. Barnes-Smith
			Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Corporate Secretary
			(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Item 2. Management S Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of Operations Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4. Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1. Legal Proceedings Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 3. Defaults on Senior Securities Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Item 5. Other Information Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

AHH 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Exhibits