FBNC 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025

FIRST BANCORP /NC/

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fbnc-20250930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

Commission File Number 0-15572

FIRST BANCORP

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

North Carolina

56-1421916

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

205 SE Broad St.,

Southern Pines

North Carolina

28387

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(Zip Code)

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(910)

246-2500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, No Par Value	FBNC	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-Accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares of the registrant's Common Stock outsta nding on October 31, 2025 was 41,465,329 .

INDEX

FIRST BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES


			Page

Part I. Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements (unaudited)
Consolidated Balance Sheets			4
Consolidated Statements of Income			5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)			6
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity			7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements			11
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Consolidated Results of Operations and Financial Condition			34
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			52
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures			54

Part II. Other Information

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings			54
Item 1A – Risk Factors			54
Item 5 - Other Information			54
Item 6 – Exhibits			55
Signatures			56

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Part I of this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are statements that include projections, predictions, expectations or beliefs about future events or results or otherwise are not statements of historical fact. Further, forward-looking statements are intended to speak only as of the date made. Such statements are often characterized by the use of qualifying words (and their derivatives) such as “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” or other statements concerning our opinions or judgment about future events. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, as they will depend on many factors about which we are unsure, including many factors which are beyond our control. Factors that could influence the accuracy of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the financial success or changing strategies of our customers, our level of success in integrating acquisitions, actions of government regulators, the level of market interest rates, geopolitical influences and general economic conditions. For additional information about factors that could affect the matters discussed in this paragraph, see the “Risk Factors” section of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K ("2024 Annual Report") and Item 1A of Part II of this report.

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Part I. Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements

First Bancorp

Consolidated Balance Sheets


($ in thousands - unaudited)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks, noninterest-bearing	$	138,369	$	78,596
Due from banks, interest-bearing	459,606		428,911
Total cash and cash equivalents	597,975		507,507

Securities available for sale (amortized cost of $ 2,417,434 and $ 2,411,117 , respectively)	2,165,668		2,043,062
Securities held to maturity (fair values of $ 443,055 and $ 428,571 , respectively)	514,733		519,998
Presold mortgages in process of settlement	4,032		5,942

Loans	8,419,224		8,094,676
Allowance for credit losses on loans	( 120,948 )		( 122,572 )
Net loans	8,298,276		7,972,104

Premises and equipment, net	141,441		143,459
Accrued interest receivable	35,986		36,329
Goodwill	478,750		478,750
Other intangible assets, net	18,526		22,904
Bank-owned life insurance	191,911		188,460
Other assets	302,965		229,179
Total assets	$	12,750,263	$	12,147,694

Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	3,580,560	$	3,367,624
Interest-bearing deposits	7,300,610		7,162,901
Total deposits	10,881,170		10,530,525
Borrowings	92,421		91,876
Accrued interest payable	4,436		4,604
Other liabilities	168,913		75,078
Total liabilities	11,146,940		10,702,083

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, no par value per share. Authorized: 5,000,000 shares
Issued & outstanding: none and none , respectively	—		—
Common stock, no par value per share. Authorized: 60,000,000 shares
Issued & outstanding: 41,465,437 shares and 41,347,418 shares, respectively	973,235		971,313
Retained earnings	823,483		756,327
Stock in rabbi trust assumed in acquisition	( 877 )		( 1,148 )
Rabbi trust obligation	877		1,148
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	( 193,395 )		( 282,029 )
Total shareholders’ equity	1,603,323		1,445,611
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	12,750,263	$	12,147,694

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Income


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands, except per share data - unaudited)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest Income
Interest and fees on loans	$	118,822	$	111,076	$	342,286	$	331,346
Interest on investment securities:
Taxable interest income	17,571		10,779		49,952		34,798
Tax-exempt interest income	1,114		1,116		3,346		3,350
Other, principally overnight investments	6,693		8,438		18,017		17,351
Total interest income	144,200		131,409		413,601		386,845

Interest Expense
Interest on deposits	40,035		46,420		116,559		130,299
Interest on borrowings	1,676		1,946		4,994		13,114
Total interest expense	41,711		48,366		121,553		143,413

Net interest income	102,489		83,043		292,048		243,432
Provision for credit losses	3,442		14,200		6,770		15,941
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	99,047		68,843		285,278		227,491

Noninterest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts	4,225		4,320		11,968		12,327
Other service charges and fees	6,355		5,555		18,833		16,439
Presold mortgage loan fees and gains on sale	471		690		1,236		1,616
Commissions from sales of financial products	1,678		1,371		4,474		4,068
SBA loan sale gains	869		1,108		1,072		3,339
Bank-owned life insurance income	1,289		1,205		3,738		3,548
Securities losses, net	( 27,905 )		—		( 27,905 )		( 1,161 )
Other income, net	139		( 670 )		948		900
Total noninterest income	( 12,879 )		13,579		14,364		41,076

Noninterest Expense
Salaries, incentives and commissions expense	31,065		29,955		88,731		85,406
Employee benefit expense	5,751		6,495		18,033		19,467
Total personnel expense	36,816		36,450		106,764		104,873
Occupancy and equipment expense	5,145		4,884		15,532		15,835

Intangibles amortization expense	1,394		1,613		4,378		5,041
Other operating expenses	16,856		16,903		50,413		51,579
Total noninterest expenses	60,211		59,850		177,087		177,328

Income before income taxes	25,957		22,572		122,555		91,239
Income tax expense	5,594		3,892		27,220		18,575

Net income	$	20,363	$	18,680	$	95,335	$	72,664

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.49	$	0.45	$	2.30	$	1.76
Diluted	0.49		0.45		2.30		1.76

Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	41,237,874		40,971,520		41,179,363		40,924,822
Diluted	41,481,542		41,366,743		41,443,636		41,294,137

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands - unaudited)	2025		2024		2025		2024

Net income	$	20,363	$	18,680	$	95,335	$	72,664
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, pretax	19,222		78,550		88,384		68,021
Tax (expense) benefit	( 4,488 )		( 18,184 )		( 21,139 )		( 15,747 )
Reclassification to realized losses	27,905		—		27,905		1,161
Tax (benefit) expense	( 6,516 )		—		( 6,516 )		( 269 )
Postretirement Plans:
Amortization of unrecognized net actuarial losses	—		25		—		75
Tax (expense) benefit	—		( 6 )		—		( 17 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)	36,123		60,385		88,634		53,224
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	56,486	$	79,065	$	183,969	$	125,888

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity


($ in thousands, except per share data - unaudited)	Common Stock			Retained earnings		Stock in rabbi trust assumed in acquisition		Rabbi trust obligation		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
	Shares	Amount
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balances, July 1, 2024	41,188	$	967,239	$	752,294	$	( 1,139 )	$	1,139	$	( 315,191 )	$	1,404,342
Net income				18,680								18,680
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.22 per common share)				( 9,093 )								( 9,093 )
Change in Rabbi Trust Obligation						( 9 )		9				—


Stock options exercised	111	2,324										2,324
Stock withheld for payment of taxes	( 11 )	( 478 )										( 478 )
Stock-based compensation	52	1,365										1,365
Other comprehensive income										60,385		60,385
Balances, September 30, 2024	41,340	$	970,450	$	761,881	$	( 1,148 )	$	1,148	$	( 254,806 )	$	1,477,525

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
Balances, July 1, 2025	41,468	$	973,041	$	812,657	$	( 869 )	$	869	$	( 229,518 )	$	1,556,180
Net income				20,363								20,363
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.23 per common share)				( 9,537 )								( 9,537 )
Change in Rabbi Trust Obligation						( 8 )		8				—

Stock options exercised	6	163										163

Stock withheld for payment of taxes	( 11 )	( 546 )										( 546 )
Stock-based compensation	2	577										577

Other comprehensive income										36,123		36,123
Balances, September 30, 2025	41,465	$	973,235	$	823,483	$	( 877 )	$	877	$	( 193,395 )	$	1,603,323

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity


($ and share data in thousands - unaudited)	Common Stock			Retained earnings		Stock in rabbi trust assumed in acquisition		Rabbi trust obligation		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
	Shares	Amount
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balances, January 1, 2024	41,110	$	963,990	$	716,420	$	( 1,385 )	$	1,385	$	( 308,030 )	$	1,372,380
Net income				72,664								72,664

Cash dividends declared ($ 0.66 per common share)				( 27,203 )								( 27,203 )
Change in Rabbi Trust Obligation						237		( 237 )				—


Stock options exercised	163	3,429										3,429
Stock withheld for payment of taxes	( 15 )	( 604 )										( 604 )
Stock-based compensation	82	3,635										3,635
Other comprehensive income										53,224		53,224
Balances, September 30, 2024	41,340	$	970,450	$	761,881	$	( 1,148 )	$	1,148	$	( 254,806 )	$	1,477,525

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
Balances, January 1, 2025	41,347	$	971,313	$	756,327	$	( 1,148 )	$	1,148	$	( 282,029 )	$	1,445,611
Net income				95,335								95,335
Cash dividends declared ($ 0.68 per common share)				( 28,179 )								( 28,179 )
Change in Rabbi Trust Obligation						271		( 271 )				—

Stock repurchases	( 25 )	( 992 )										( 992 )
Stock options exercised	79	1,401										1,401
Stock withheld for payment of taxes	( 33 )	( 1,385 )										( 1,385 )
Stock-based compensation	97	2,898										2,898
Other comprehensive income										88,634		88,634
Balances, September 30, 2025	41,465	$	973,235	$	823,483	$	( 877 )	$	877	$	( 193,395 )	$	1,603,323

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands-unaudited)	2025		2024
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income	$	95,335	$	72,664
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	6,770		15,941
Net security premium amortization	4,253		6,700
Deferred income taxes, net	6,838		( 5,814 )
Loan discount accretion	( 5,850 )		( 8,060 )
Deposit and debt discount accretion, net	864		1,253
Foreclosed property losses (gains), net	81		( 214 )
Securities losses, net	27,905		1,161
Other (gains) losses, net	( 916 )		( 504 )
Bank-owned life insurance income	( 3,738 )		( 3,548 )
Net amortization of deferred loan costs/(fees)	269		( 975 )
Depreciation of premises and equipment	5,106		5,884
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	984		1,420
Repayments of lease obligations	( 931 )		( 1,360 )
Stock-based compensation expense	2,898		3,458
Amortization of intangible assets	4,378		5,041
Amortization and impairment of SBA servicing assets	897		1,248
Gains on sale of loans	( 2,308 )		( 4,955 )
Origination of presold mortgage loans and SBA loans held for sale	( 68,796 )		( 120,281 )
Proceeds from sales of presold mortgage loans and SBA loans	75,953		131,430
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable	343		4,461
(Increase) decrease in other assets	( 13,227 )		( 2,527 )
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable	( 168 )		( 133 )
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	11,035		3,762
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	147,975		106,052
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of securities available for sale	( 353,673 )		—

Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of securities available for sale	152,109		204,848
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal repayments of securities held to maturity	1,982		7,567
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	166,372		138,182
Proceeds from sale of VISA B shares	—		4,522
Purchases of Federal Reserve and FHLB stock	( 398 )		( 39,553 )
Redemptions of Federal Reserve and FHLB stock	—		52,810

Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefits	287		209
Purchases of other investments	( 17,072 )		( 1,858 )
Net (increase) decrease in loans	( 330,748 )		125,241
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties	4,241		687
Purchases of premises and equipment	( 3,073 )		( 2,159 )
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	863		754


Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	( 379,110 )		491,250
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	350,363		472,649
Proceeds from the issuance of FHLB and FRB borrowings	2,000		986,000
Repayment of FHLB and FRB borrowings	( 2,037 )		( 1,515,036 )
Repayment of subordinated debentures	—		( 10,000 )
Cash dividends paid – common stock	( 27,747 )		( 27,154 )
Repurchases of common stock	( 992 )		—
Proceeds from stock option exercises	1,401		3,429
Payment of taxes related to stock withheld	( 1,385 )		( 604 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	321,603		( 90,716 )
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	90,468		506,586
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	507,507		237,855
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	597,975	$	744,441

(Continued)

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First Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands-unaudited)	2025		2024
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	121,183	$	142,610
Cash paid during the period for income taxes	9,046		26,084
Cash paid during the period for the purchase of transferable tax credits	9,337		—
Non-cash: Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of taxes	88,634		53,166
Non-cash: Foreclosed loans transferred to foreclosed real estate	1,076		1,066
Non-cash: Accrued dividends at end of period	9,537		9,093
Non-cash: Cancellation of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities	—		( 1,497 )
Non-cash: Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities	939		—
Non-cash: Affordable housing investments obtained in exchange for funding commitments	81,420		—

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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First Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Bancorp (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiary First Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank has two wholly owned subsidiaries that are fully consolidated, Magnolia Financial, Inc. ("Magnolia Financial"), and First Troy SPE, LLC. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Bank formerly operated a third subsidiary, SBA Complete, Inc. ("SBA Complete"), which specialized in providing consulting services for financial institutions across the country related to Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan origination and servicing. During the second quarter of 2024, SBA Complete became inactive with certain activities transitioning to the Bank.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes necessary for complete financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In the opinion of the Company, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2025, the consolidated results of income, comprehensive income and shareholders' equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Any such adjustments were of a normal, recurring nature. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2024 Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024. Operating results for interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

In certain instances, amounts reported in prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on previously reported shareholders’ equity or net income.

Refer to Note 1 of the 2024 Annual Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for a discussion of accounting policies and other relevant information with respect to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2025

The Company did not adopt any accounting standards during the first nine months of 2025.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” amended existing guidance to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures, including disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, providing additional information for certain reconciling items, and providing details on income taxes paid. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses” amended the Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income topic in the Accounting Standards Codification to require public companies to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to financial statements. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements after the effective date. The

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adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , amended the Derivatives and Hedging and Revenue from Contracts with Customers topics in the Accounting Standards Codification to refine derivative scope and clarify the accounting treatment of share-based noncash consideration from customers in revenue contracts. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may apply the guidance prospectively or on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2025-07 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Securities

The book values and approximate fair values of investment securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Unrealized				Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Unrealized
					Gains		(Losses)						Gains		(Losses)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	144,944	$	147,760	$	2,816	$	—	$	121,051	$	120,581	$	—	$	( 470 )
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	1,966		1,738		—		( 228 )		11,961		9,614		—		( 2,347 )
Mortgage-backed securities	2,255,334		2,000,847		3,002		( 257,489 )		2,261,924		1,897,175		60		( 364,809 )
Corporate bonds	15,190		15,323		172		( 39 )		16,181		15,692		—		( 489 )
Total available for sale	$	2,417,434	$	2,165,668	$	5,990	$	( 257,756 )	$	2,411,117	$	2,043,062	$	60	$	( 368,115 )

Securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	7,291	$	7,051	$	—	$	( 240 )	$	9,198	$	8,739	$	—	$	( 459 )
State and local governments	507,442		436,004		30		( 71,468 )		510,800		419,832		1		( 90,969 )
Total held to maturity	$	514,733	$	443,055	$	30	$	( 71,708 )	$	519,998	$	428,571	$	1	$	( 91,428 )

All of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities were issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSEs"), except for private mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $ 0.7 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Accrued interest receivable on available for sale ("AFS") debt securities was $ 5.0 million and $ 4.6 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity ("HTM") debt securities was $ 3.0 million and $ 4.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table presents information regarding all securities with unrealized losses at September 30, 2025:


	Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position for Less than Twelve Months				Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position for More than Twelve Months				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Government-sponsored enterprise securities	$	—	$	—	$	1,738	$	228	$	1,738	$	228
Mortgage-backed securities	243,236		440		1,365,028		257,289		1,608,264		257,729
Corporate bonds	3,711		39		—		—		3,711		39
State and local governments	512		8		430,580		71,460		431,092		71,468
Total unrealized loss position	$	247,459	$	487	$	1,797,346	$	328,977	$	2,044,805	$	329,464

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Index

The following table presents information regarding all securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2024:


	Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position for Less than Twelve Months				Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position for More than Twelve Months				Total
($ in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	120,581	$	470	$	—	$	—	$	120,581	$	470
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	—		—		9,614		2,347		9,614		2,347
Mortgage-backed securities	317,015		1,845		1,538,156		363,423		1,855,171		365,268
Corporate bonds	380		51		13,562		438		13,942		489
State and local governments	4,513		75		414,331		90,894		418,844		90,969
Total unrealized loss position	$	442,489	$	2,441	$	1,975,663	$	457,102	$	2,418,152	$	459,543

As of September 30, 2025, the Company's securities portfolio included 580 securities of which 522 securities were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's securities portfolio included 584 securities of which 560 securities were in an unrealized loss position.

In the above tables, all of the securities that were in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are bonds that the Company has determined are in a loss position due primarily to interest rate factors and not credit quality concerns. In arriving at this conclusion, the Company reviewed third-party credit ratings and considered the severity of the impairment. The state and local government investments are comprised almost entirely of highly-rated municipal bonds issued by state and local governments throughout the nation. The Company has no significant concentrations of bond holdings from any one state or local government entity. Substantially all of the Company's mortgage-backed securities were issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), or SBA, each of which is a government agency or GSE and guarantees the repayment of its securities. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of the amortized cost.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company determined that expected credit losses associated with HTM securities were insignificant.

The book values and fair values of investment securities at September 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, are summarized in the table below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Securities Available for Sale				Securities Held to Maturity
($ in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value

Due after one year but within five years	$	129,260	$	131,491	$	6,015	$	5,939
Due after five years but within ten years	32,840		33,330		231,205		201,931
Due after ten years	—		—		270,222		228,134
Mortgage-backed securities	2,255,334		2,000,847		7,291		7,051
Total securities	$	2,417,434	$	2,165,668	$	514,733	$	443,055

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, investment securities with carrying values of $ 914.8 million and $ 806.0 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for public deposits. In addition, at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, investment securities with carrying values of $ 662.8 million and $ 661.0 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve Bank ("Federal Reserve") to secure any such borrowings.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies or GSEs, in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders' equity.

Page 13

Index

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as part of a securities loss-earnback transaction, the Company received proceeds from sales of securities of $ 166.4 million and recorded $ 27.9 million in losses from the sales.

There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the second quarter of 2024, the Company sold all of its holdings of Class B shares of Visa, Inc. (“Visa”) stock that were received upon Visa’s initial public offering and recognized a gain of $ 4.5 million. As the Class B stock did not initially have a readily determinable fair value, it was carried at$0 prior to the sale.

During the second quarter of 2024, the Company received proceeds from sales of securities of $ 138.2 million and recorded $ 4.7 million in losses from the sales. This loss was partially offset by the $ 4.5 million gain on the sale of the Visa stock discussed above. Included in "Securities losses, net" in the consolidated statements of income, during the first quarter of 2024, the Company received proceeds from the call of a security of $ 5.2 million and recorded a $ 975 thousand loss related to the unamortized premium balance at the time of the call.

Included in “Other assets” in the consolidated balance sheets are investments in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve stock totaling $ 41.7 million and $ 41.3 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These investments do not have readily determinable fair values. The FHLB stock had a cost of $ 8.6 million and $ 8.5 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and serves as part of the collateral for the Company’s line of credit with the FHLB and is also a requirement for membership in the FHLB system. The Federal Reserve stock had a cost of $ 33.1 million and $ 32.7 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is a requirement for Federal Reserve member bank qualification. Periodically, both the FHLB and Federal Reserve recalculate the Company’s required level of holdings, and the Company either buys more stock or redeems a portion of the stock at cost. The Company determined that neither stock was impaired at either period end.

Note 3. Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses, and Asset Quality Information

The following is a summary of the major categories of total loans outstanding:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Amount		Percentage		Amount		Percentage
Commercial and industrial	$	904,226	11	%	$	919,690	11	%
Construction, development & other land loans	688,302		8	%	647,167		8	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,337,345		16	%	1,248,812		16	%
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	2,773,349		33	%	2,625,554		33	%
Multi-family real estate	535,681		6	%	506,407		6	%
Residential 1-4 family real estate	1,743,884		21	%	1,729,322		21	%
Home equity loans/lines of credit	365,488		4	%	345,883		4	%
Consumer loans	70,031		1	%	70,653		1	%
Subtotal	8,418,306		100	%	8,093,488		100	%
Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees)	918				1,188
Total loans	$	8,419,224			$	8,094,676

Also included in the table above are various SBA loans, generally originated under the SBA 7A program, with additional information on these loans presented in the table below.


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Guaranteed portions of SBA loans included in table above	$	54,690	$	34,095
Unguaranteed portions of SBA loans included in table above	103,083		101,356
Total SBA loans included in the table above	$	157,773	$	135,451

Sold portions of SBA loans with servicing retained - not included in tables above	$	300,537	$	330,482

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were remaining unaccreted discounts on the retained portion of sold SBA loans amounting to $ 2.3 million and $ 2.9 million, respectively.

Page 14

Index

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, l oans in the amount of $ 7.0 billion and $ 6.7 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to the Federal Reserve and the FHLB for borrowing capacity. Refer to Note 5 for further discussion.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, total loans included loans to directors and executive officers of the Company, and their associates, totaling approximately $ 61.4 million and $ 62.9 million, respectively. Available credit on related party loans totaled $ 0.1 million and $ 1.0 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, unamortized discounts on all acquired loans totaled $ 10.1 million and $ 15.1 million, respectively.

Nonperforming assets ("NPAs") are defined as nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest, and foreclosed properties.

The following table summarizes the NPAs for each date presented.


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans	$	37,289	$	31,779
Accruing loans > 90 days past due	—		—
Total nonperforming loans	37,289		31,779
Foreclosed properties	1,718		4,965
Total nonperforming assets	$	39,007	$	36,744

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had $ 0.6 million and $ 1.2 million, respectively, in residential mortgage loans in the process of foreclosure.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was one loan with commitments to lend an immaterial amount and $ 0.2 million, respectively, of additional funds to borrowers whose loans were nonperforming.

The following table is a summary of the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories as of September 30, 2025:


($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance		Nonaccrual Loans with an Allowance		Total Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	10,016	$	10,016
Construction, development & other land loans	—		148		148
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	698		11,995		12,693
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	4,393		776		5,169

Residential 1-4 family real estate	—		7,077		7,077
Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		1,983		1,983
Consumer loans	—		203		203
Total	$	5,091	$	32,198	$	37,289

The following table is a summary of the Company’s nonaccrual loans by major categories as of December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands)	Nonaccrual Loans with No Allowance		Nonaccrual Loans with an Allowance		Total Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	9,804	$	9,804
Construction, development & other land loans	—		90		90
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	879		8,488		9,367
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	—		887		887

Residential 1-4 family real estate	—		9,487		9,487
Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		1,795		1,795
Consumer loans	—		349		349
Total	$	879	$	30,900	$	31,779

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Index

There was no interest income recognized during the periods presented on nonaccrual loans. In the period that the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status, contractual interest income is reversed in the consolidated income statement.

The following table represents the accrued interest receivables written off by reversing interest income during each period indicated:


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	295	$	360
Construction, development & other land loans	42		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	325		238
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	184		55

Residential 1-4 family real estate	120		45
Home equity loans/lines of credit	49		26
Consumer loans	4		1
Total	$	1,019	$	725

The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of September 30, 2025:


($ in thousands)	Accruing Current		Accruing 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing 60-89 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans Receivable
Commercial and industrial	$	892,540	$	1,143	$	527	$	10,016	$	904,226
Construction, development & other land loans	687,901		253		—		148		688,302
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,322,791		694		1,167		12,693		1,337,345
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	2,767,841		339		—		5,169		2,773,349
Multi-family real estate	535,681		—		—		—		535,681
Residential 1-4 family real estate	1,724,168		7,981		4,658		7,077		1,743,884
Home equity loans/lines of credit	362,306		1,199		—		1,983		365,488
Consumer loans	69,443		285		100		203		70,031
Total	$	8,362,671	$	11,894	$	6,452	$	37,289	8,418,306
Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees)									918
Total loans									$	8,419,224

The following table presents an analysis of the payment status of the Company’s loans as of December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands)	Accruing Current		Accruing 30-59 Days Past Due		Accruing 60-89 Days Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans Receivable
Commercial and industrial	$	906,903	$	2,442	$	541	$	9,804	$	919,690
Construction, development & other land loans	647,077		—		—		90		647,167
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	1,236,396		2,073		976		9,367		1,248,812
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	2,614,843		9,678		146		887		2,625,554
Multi-family real estate	506,407		—		—		—		506,407
Residential 1-4 family real estate	1,699,800		12,973		7,062		9,487		1,729,322
Home equity loans/lines of credit	342,551		1,118		419		1,795		345,883
Consumer loans	69,775		317		212		349		70,653
Total	$	8,023,752	$	28,601	$	9,356	$	31,779	8,093,488
Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees)									1,188
Total loans									$	8,094,676

Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty.

Page 16

Index

The following table presents an analysis of collateral dependent loans of the Company as of September 30, 2025:


($ in thousands)	Commercial Property		Total Collateral-Dependent Loans


Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	4,263	$	4,263
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	4,393		4,393




Total	$	8,656	$	8,656

The following table presents an analysis of collateral dependent loans of the Company as of December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands)	Commercial Property		Total Collateral-Dependent Loans


Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	879	$	879





Total	$	879	$	879

There have been no material changes from the treatment of collateral dependent loans under the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model as discussed in Note 4 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans for each of the periods indicated. Fluctuations in the ACL each period are based on loan mix and growth, changes in the levels of nonperforming loans, economic forecasts impacting loss drivers, other assumptions and inputs to the CECL model.


($ in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provisions / (Reversals)		Ending balance
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	18,506	$	( 2,357 )	$	580	$	1,823	$	18,552
Construction, development & other land loans	8,660		—		31		973		9,664
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	20,746		( 890 )		12		1,240		21,108
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	24,425		—		9		257		24,691
Multi-family real estate	4,745		—		—		655		5,400
Residential 1-4 family real estate	35,783		( 3 )		27		( 1,813 )		33,994
Home equity loans/lines of credit	3,445		—		2		( 107 )		3,340
Consumer loans	4,235		( 400 )		30		334		4,199
Total	$	120,545	$	( 3,650 )	$	691	$	3,362	$	120,948

As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	19,474	$	( 5,989 )	$	1,544	$	3,523	$	18,552
Construction, development & other land loans	9,314		—		136		214		9,664
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	19,380		( 1,340 )		123		2,945		21,108
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	27,768		( 938 )		29		( 2,168 )		24,691
Multi-family real estate	5,476		—		—		( 76 )		5,400
Residential 1-4 family real estate	33,552		( 127 )		80		489		33,994
Home equity loans/lines of credit	4,111		( 68 )		23		( 726 )		3,340
Consumer loans	3,497		( 1,062 )		135		1,629		4,199
Total	$	122,572	$	( 9,524 )	$	2,070	$	5,830	$	120,948

Page 17

Index


($ in thousands)	Beginning balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provisions / (Reversals)		Ending balance
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	19,837	$	( 1,913 )	$	246	$	( 27 )	$	18,143
Construction, development & other land loans	9,996		—		35		1,394		11,425
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	17,859		( 21 )		4		657		18,499
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	25,876		—		3		2,754		28,633
Multi-family real estate	5,129		—		—		161		5,290
Residential 1-4 family real estate	24,855		—		28		9,183		34,066
Home equity loans/lines of credit	3,177		—		232		165		3,574
Consumer loans	3,329		( 754 )		17		496		3,088
Total	$	110,058	$	( 2,688 )	$	565	$	14,783	$	122,718

As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	21,227	$	( 5,976 )	$	1,346	$	1,546	$	18,143
Construction, development & other land loans	13,940		( 79 )		182		( 2,618 )		11,425
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	18,218		( 109 )		12		378		18,499
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	24,916		( 158 )		46		3,829		28,633
Multi-family real estate	3,825		—		—		1,465		5,290
Residential 1-4 family real estate	21,396		( 6 )		255		12,421		34,066
Home equity loans/lines of credit	3,339		( 2 )		254		( 17 )		3,574
Consumer loans	2,992		( 1,130 )		197		1,029		3,088
Total	$	109,853	$	( 7,460 )	$	2,292	$	18,033	$	122,718

Credit Quality Indicators

There have been no material changes from the treatment of credit quality tracking and risk grade descriptions as discussed in Note 4 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In the tables that follow, substantially all of the "Classified" loans have grades of 7 for commercial loans or Fail for consumer loans, with those categories having similar levels of risk.

The tables below present the Company’s recorded investment in loans by credit quality indicators by year of origination or renewal as of the periods indicated. Acquired loans are presented in the year originated, not in the year of acquisition.

Page 18

Index


	Term Loans by Year of Origination
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Revolving		Total
As of September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	143,026	$	92,703	$	49,653	$	97,711	$	63,505	$	115,494	$	327,985	$	890,077
Special Mention	88		573		103		33		43		372		1,596		2,808
Classified	742		209		982		3,243		662		4,137		1,366		11,341
Total commercial and industrial	143,856		93,485		50,738		100,987		64,210		120,003		330,947		904,226
Gross charge-offs, YTD	35		399		780		903		27		590		3,255		5,989
Construction, development & other land loans
Pass	347,468		159,590		80,951		26,988		20,004		12,507		39,388		686,896
Special Mention	—		—		580		53		—		—		—		633
Classified	—		360		72		71		4		266		—		773
Total construction, development & other land loans	347,468		159,950		81,603		27,112		20,008		12,773		39,388		688,302
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	221,605		200,134		193,271		224,333		227,539		210,127		23,802		1,300,811
Special Mention	2,266		3,033		1,825		3,075		225		6,366		1,683		18,473
Classified	134		1,432		586		2,324		614		12,971		—		18,061
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	224,005		204,599		195,682		229,732		228,378		229,464		25,485		1,337,345
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		420		—		17		—		903		—		1,340
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied
Pass	515,220		405,117		394,638		613,322		562,686		244,095		28,970		2,764,048
Special Mention	49		1,228		—		—		4		1,355		—		2,636
Classified	81		313		—		547		—		5,724		—		6,665
Total commercial real estate - non owner occupied	515,350		406,658		394,638		613,869		562,690		251,174		28,970		2,773,349
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		905		—		33		—		—		—		938
Multi-family real estate
Pass	91,920		59,021		64,491		110,234		151,679		42,409		15,793		535,547
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Classified	—		—		134		—		—		—		—		134
Total multi-family real estate	91,920		59,021		64,625		110,234		151,679		42,409		15,793		535,681
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential 1-4 family real estate
Pass	134,800		226,892		309,247		381,262		272,054		401,953		213		1,726,421
Special Mention	154		20		—		—		38		642		—		854
Classified	439		4,339		423		2,208		1,081		8,119		—		16,609
Total residential 1-4 family real estate	135,393		231,251		309,670		383,470		273,173		410,714		213		1,743,884
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		127		—		127
Home equity loans/lines of credit
Pass	3,203		1,290		2,185		723		221		571		351,914		360,107
Special Mention	—		118		—		—		—		—		14		132
Classified	166		58		—		—		89		4		4,932		5,249
Total home equity loans/lines of credit	3,369		1,466		2,185		723		310		575		356,860		365,488
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		68		—		—		—		68
Consumer loans
Pass	13,172		10,053		6,153		4,104		1,321		652		34,274		69,729
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		16		16
Classified	10		53		36		31		4		—		152		286
Total consumer loans	13,182		10,106		6,189		4,135		1,325		652		34,442		70,031
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		98		87		5		1		37		834		1,062

Total loans	$	1,474,543	$	1,166,536	$	1,105,330	$	1,470,262	$	1,301,773	$	1,067,764	$	832,098	8,418,306
Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees)															918
Total loans, net of deferred loan costs/(fees)															$	8,419,224

Total gross charge-offs, year to date	$	35	$	1,822	$	867	$	1,026	$	28	$	1,657	$	4,089	$	9,524

Page 19

Index


	Term Loans by Year of Origination
($ in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		Total
As of December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	114,786	$	81,851	$	120,769	$	82,810	$	59,218	$	70,986	$	373,850	$	904,270
Special Mention	1,076		26		190		36		259		804		1,825		4,216
Classified	266		2,496		3,254		713		1,199		2,634		642		11,204
Total commercial and industrial	116,128		84,373		124,213		83,559		60,676		74,424		376,317		919,690
Gross charge-offs, YTD	306		669		849		318		137		929		4,070		7,278
Construction, development & other land loans
Pass	355,734		124,323		60,305		29,823		12,727		5,276		57,177		645,365
Special Mention	—		605		77		8		—		2		11		703
Classified	227		449		80		—		67		276		—		1,099
Total construction, development & other land loans	355,961		125,377		60,462		29,831		12,794		5,554		57,188		647,167
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		79		—		—		—		—		—		79
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass	194,193		222,718		261,634		252,929		153,634		109,559		15,772		1,210,439
Special Mention	9,927		1,869		2,731		184		147		7,007		—		21,865
Classified	4,506		235		2,085		1,294		1,188		7,200		—		16,508
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied	208,626		224,822		266,450		254,407		154,969		123,766		15,772		1,248,812
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		25		—		19		114		65		—		223
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied
Pass	482,433		434,713		668,168		602,028		252,260		132,316		29,922		2,601,840
Special Mention	1,648		265		189		11		331		5,721		54		8,219
Classified	12,725		429		566		—		88		1,687		—		15,495
Total commercial real estate - non owner occupied	496,806		435,407		668,923		602,039		252,679		139,724		29,976		2,625,554
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		304		158		—		462
Multi-family real estate
Pass	87,803		65,508		114,627		159,038		40,940		9,926		27,630		505,472
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		793		—		793
Classified	—		142		—		—		—		—		—		142
Total multi-family real estate	87,803		65,650		114,627		159,038		40,940		10,719		27,630		506,407
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential 1-4 family real estate
Pass	216,725		347,472		404,809		278,197		166,013		296,870		2,768		1,712,854
Special Mention	74		—		10		95		61		740		—		980
Classified	3,968		227		2,558		544		1,558		6,633		—		15,488
Total residential 1-4 family real estate	220,767		347,699		407,377		278,836		167,632		304,243		2,768		1,729,322
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		18		—		18
Home equity loans/lines of credit
Pass	2,096		2,672		645		251		259		832		333,434		340,189
Special Mention	120		153		—		—		—		—		15		288
Classified	88		43		68		90		—		7		5,110		5,406
Total home equity loans/lines of credit	2,304		2,868		713		341		259		839		338,559		345,883
Gross charge-offs, YTD	—		—		—		—		—		—		2		2
Consumer loans
Pass	14,623		10,005		7,059		2,380		1,049		320		34,747		70,183
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		21		21
Classified	33		21		27		9		—		28		331		449
Total consumer loans	14,656		10,026		7,086		2,389		1,049		348		35,099		70,653
Gross charge-offs, YTD	6		121		41		37		2		10		1,308		1,525

Total loans	$	1,503,051	$	1,296,222	$	1,649,851	$	1,410,440	$	690,998	$	659,617	$	883,309	8,093,488
Unamortized net deferred loan costs/(fees)															1,188
Total loans, net of deferred loan costs/(fees)															$	8,094,676

Total gross charge-offs, year to date	$	312	$	894	$	890	$	374	$	557	$	1,180	$	5,380	$	9,587

Page 20

Index

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress as a part of our loss mitigation activities. Various types of modification may be offered including principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delays, or interest rate reductions. In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession may be granted. For loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 of the loans modified during the three and nine month periods then ended for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by loan category and type of concession granted.


($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Combination - Term Extension and Payment Delay		Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Total		Percent of Total Class of Loans
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	66	$	608	$	—	$	40	$	714	0.08	%





Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		327		—		—		327		0.09	%

Total	$	66	$	935	$	—	$	40	$	1,041	0.01	%

As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	120	$	712	$	—	$	40	$	872	0.10	%
Construction, development & other land loans	—		309		—		—		309		0.04	%
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	734		134		—		—		868		0.06	%
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	45		—		4,476		—		4,521		0.16	%

Residential 1-4 family real estate	—		103		118		—		221		0.01	%
Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		693		—		—		693		0.19	%

Total	$	899	$	1,951	$	4,594	$	40	$	7,484	0.09	%


($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Term Extension		Combination - Term Extension and Payment Delay		Combination - Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension		Total		Percent of Total Class of Loans
As of and for the three months ended September 30, 2024

Construction, development & other land loans	$	—	$	143	$	—	$	—	$	143	0.02	%




Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		96		—		—		96		0.03	%

Total	$	—	$	239	$	—	$	—	$	239	—	%

As of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	114	$	1	$	878	$	92	$	1,085	0.13	%
Construction, development & other land loans	—		208		—		—		208		0.03	%

Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	—		107		—		—		107		—	%

Residential 1-4 family real estate	—		199		—		—		199		0.01	%
Home equity loans/lines of credit	—		417		—		173		590		0.18	%

Total	$	114	$	932	$	878	$	265	$	2,189	0.03	%

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, there were no modifications for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty with principal forgiveness concessions.

Page 21

Index

The following table describes the financial effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 of the modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:


		Financial Effect of Modification to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
	Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	Weighted Average Payment Delay (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
For the three months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	2.24 %	6	19





Home equity loans/lines of credit	— %	0	10


For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	2.24 %	6	30
Construction, development & other land loans	— %	0	6
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	— %	6	91
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	— %	7	7

Residential 1-4 family real estate	— %	4	30
Home equity loans/lines of credit	— %	0	38

The following table describes the financial effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 of the modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:


	Financial Effect of Modification to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
	Weighted Average Interest Rate Reduction	Weighted Average Payment Delay (in months)	Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
For the three months ended September 30, 2024

Construction, development & other land loans	— %	0	8




Home equity loans/lines of credit	— %	0	40


For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	0.75 %	36	13
Construction, development & other land loans	— %	0	6

Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	— %	0	13

Residential 1-4 family real estate	— %	0	103
Home equity loans/lines of credit	2.13 %	0	65

The Company closely monitors the performance of the modified loans that are to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table depicts the performance of loans that were modified in the last twelve months as of September 30, 2025:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	701	$	—	$	54	$	208
Construction, development & other land loans	309		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	591		399		—		—
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	130		—		—		4,393

Residential 1-4 family real estate	221		—		—		—
Home equity loans/lines of credit	693		—		—		—

	$	2,645	$	399	$	54	$	4,601

Page 22

Index

The following table depicts the performance of loans that were modified in the last twelve months as of December 31, 2024:


	Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
($ in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due
Commercial and industrial	$	1,183	$	—	$	—	$	878
Construction, development & other land loans	171		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	131		—		—		—
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	102		—		—		—

Residential 1-4 family real estate	137		—		—		58
Home equity loans/lines of credit	583		—		68		—

	$	2,307	$	—	$	68	$	936

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by loan category and type of concession granted.


($ in thousands)	Payment Delay		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	54	$	54

Commercial real estate - owner occupied	334		334





Total	$	388	$	388

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, none of the loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the twelve months prior were considered to have had a payment default.

At September 30, 2025, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty for whom a modification had been made. At December 31, 2024, there was a commitment to lend $ 0.1 million of additional funds to one borrower experiencing financial difficulty for whom a modification had been made.

Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the ACL is adjusted by the same amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s loan portfolio is not concentrated in loans to any single borrower or to a relatively small number of borrowers. Additionally, management is not aware of any concentrations of loans to classes of borrowers or industries that would be similarly affected by economic conditions. Approximately 88 % of the Company's loan portfolio is secured by real estate and is therefore susceptible to changes in real estate valuations. There have been no material changes to the primary loan markets (as identified by counties) from year end.

Page 23

Index

Impact of Hurricane Helene

Within the portions of Western North and South Carolina that were significantly impacted by Hurricane Helene, the Company identified borrowers with outstanding loan balances of approximately $ 755 million at the time of the storm. Those balances have since reduced to $ 674 million. The following is a summary of the categories of those loans outstanding as of September 30, 2025:


($ in thousands)	Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	15,153
Construction, development & other land loans	13,025
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	93,322
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	252,072
Multi-family real estate	24,519
Residential 1-4 family real estate	242,214
Home equity loans/lines of credit	33,257

Total	$	673,562

Given that the recovery from the storm is ongoing in many impacted communities, the Company continues to evaluate possible impacts from the storm on borrowers and has reserved accordingly based upon the information available as of September 30, 2025. The Company applied increased reserve rates based upon severe economic factors to the approximately $ 674 million of loans in the most impacted path of Hurricane Helene. Additionally, the Company continues to evaluate the largest commercial loans in that area and applied incremental reserves to those loans that were suspected of having higher potential property damage or economic impact from the storm. Due to the potential exposure from Hurricane Helene, the ACL on these impacted loans was $ 3.5 million as of September 30, 2025, adding 5 basis points to the overall ACL as a percent of total loans, which was 1.44 % as of September 30, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the ACL on these loans was $ 13.0 million, adding 16 basis points to the overall ACL as a percent of total loans, which was 1.51 %.

Allowance for Unfunded Loan Commitments

In addition to the ACL on loans, the Company maintains an allowance for lending-related commitments such as unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for lending-related commitments on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur, which is based on a historical funding study derived from internal information, and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life, which are the same loss rates that are used in computing the ACL on loans. The allowance for unfunded loan commitments was included in "Other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for unfunded loan commitments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	9,926	$	9,860	$	9,066	$	11,369
Charge-offs	—				—		—
Recoveries	—				—		—
Provision for (reversal of) unfunded commitments	80		( 583 )		940		( 2,092 )
Ending balance	$	10,006	$	9,277	$	10,006	$	9,277

Page 24

Index

Note 4. Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Servicing Assets

The following is a summary of the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of amortizable intangible assets and the carrying amount of unamortized intangible assets as of the periods presented.


	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer lists	$	1,600	$	1,600	$	—	$	1,600	$	1,387	$	213
Core deposit intangibles	57,890		39,364		18,526		57,890		35,199		22,691
Other intangibles	100		100		—		100		100		—
Total amortizable intangible assets	$	59,590	$	41,064	$	18,526	$	59,590	$	36,686	$	22,904
Unamortizable intangible assets:
Goodwill	$	478,750					$	478,750

Customer lists are generally amortized over five years and core deposit intangibles are generally amortized over 10 years, both at an accelerated rate.

Amortization expense of all amortizable intangible assets totaled $ 1.4 million and $ 1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 4.4 million and $ 5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on at least an annual basis, with the annual evaluation occurring as of October 31 of each year. Goodwill is also evaluated for impairment any time there is a triggering event indicating that impairment may have occurred. No triggering events were identified during 2025 to date and, therefore, the Company did not perform interim impairment evaluations. The Company's most recent evaluation of goodwill, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2024, indicated that there was no goodwill impairment. There was no change to carrying amounts of goodwill during 2025.

Other than the expected amortization expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, there have been no material changes to the estimated amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets as discussed in Note 6 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company recorded SBA guaranteed servicing fee income of $ 0.7 million and $ 0.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 2.0 million and $ 2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

There was no impairment of SBA servicing assets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and no significant methodology changes have been made since year end.

The following table presents the changes in the SBA servicing assets (included in "Other assets" in the Company's consolidated balance sheet) for each period indicated:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Beginning balance, net	$	2,029	$	3,003	$	2,605	$	3,350
Add: New servicing assets	228		315		284		858
Less: Amortization expense and impairment charges	265		358		897		1,248
Ending balance, net	$	1,992	$	2,960	$	1,992	$	2,960

Page 25

Index

Note 5. Borrowings

The following tables present information regarding the Company’s outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2025:

($ in thousands)

Description

Due date

Call Feature

Balance

Interest Rate

FHLB Principal Reducing Credit

6/26/2028 to 12/20/2028

None

765

0.00 % to 1.00 % fixed

Trust Preferred Securities

1/23/2034

Quarterly by Company

10,310

7.22 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR+ 2.91 %

Trust Preferred Securities

1/23/2034

Quarterly by Company

10,310

7.32 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 3.01 %

Trust Preferred Securities

9/20/2034

Quarterly by Company

12,372

6.41 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.41 %

Trust Preferred Securities

1/7/2035

Quarterly by Company

10,310

6.58 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.00 %

Trust Preferred Securities

6/15/2036

Quarterly by Company

25,774

5.69 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 1.65 %

Trust Preferred Securities

6/23/2036

Quarterly by Company

8,248

6.12 % at 9/30/25 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.11 %

Subordinated Debentures

11/15/2030

Continuous by Company beginning 11/15/2025

18,000

4.38 % fixed at 9/30/25 until 11/15/25, then adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 4.16 %

Total borrowings / weighted average rate as of September 30, 2025

96,089

5.97 %

Unamortized discount on acquired borrowings

( 3,668 )

Total borrowings

92,421

The following tables present information regarding the Company’s outstanding borrowings at December 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)

Description

Due date

Call Feature

Balance

Interest Rate

FHLB Principal Reducing Credit

6/26/2028 to 12/20/2028

None

802

0.00 % to 1.00 % fixed

Trust Preferred Securities

1/23/2034

Quarterly by Company

10,310

7.50 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.91 %

Trust Preferred Securities

1/23/2034

Quarterly by Company

10,310

7.61 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 3.01 %

Trust Preferred Securities

9/20/2034

Quarterly by Company

12,372

6.77 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.41 %

Trust Preferred Securities

1/7/2035

Quarterly by Company

10,310

6.92 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.00 %

Trust Preferred Securities

6/15/2036

Quarterly by Company

25,774

6.01 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 1.65 %

Trust Preferred Securities

6/23/2036

Quarterly by Company

8,248

6.45 % at 12/31/24 adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 2.11 %

Subordinated Debentures

11/15/2030

Continuous by Company beginning 11/15/2025

18,000

4.38 % fixed at 12/31/24 until 11/15/25, then adjustable rate 3 month CME Term SOFR + 4.16 %

Total borrowings / weighted average rate as of December 31, 2024

96,126

6.22 %

Unamortized discount on acquired borrowings

( 4,250 )

Total borrowings

91,876

Page 26

Index

Note 6. Leases

The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2025, the Company leased 13 bank branch offices for which the land and buildings are leased and ten branch offices for which the land is leased but the buildings are owned. The Company also leases office space for several operational departments. All of the Company’s leases are operating leases and the lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from April 2026 through May 2076, some of which include options for multiple five-year and ten-year extensions. The Company includes lease extension options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic, market, and strategic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. The weighted average remaining life of the lease term for these leases was 20.8 years as of September 30, 2025 and 21.2 years as of December 31, 2024. Certain of the Company's lease agreements include variable lease payments based on changes in inflation, with the impact of that factor being insignificant to the Company's total lease expense. As permitted by applicable accounting standards, the Company has elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The short-term lease cost for each period presented was insignificant.

Leases are classified as either operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date and all of the Company's leases have been determined to be operating leases. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the applicable lease term. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, on a collateralized basis, at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in the lease is not known. The weighted average discount rates for leases were 3.41 % and 3.34 % as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The right-of-use assets, included in "Other assets" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, and lease liabilities, included in "Other liabilities" on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, were $ 13.7 million and $ 14.6 million as of September 30, 2025, respectively, and were $ 13.8 million and $ 14.6 million as of December 31, 2024, respectively.

Total operating lease expenses, included in "Other operating expenses" in the Company's consolidated statements of income, were $ 0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and $ 1.9 million and $ 1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Future undiscounted lease payments for operating leases with initial terms of greater than one year as of September 30, 2025 are as follows:


($ in thousands)
October 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025	$	450
2026	1,616
2027	1,338
2028	1,251
2029	1,196
Thereafter	15,725
Total undiscounted lease payments	21,576
Less effect of discounting	( 7,014 )
Present value of estimated lease payments (lease liability)	$	14,562

Note 7. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal and most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) of identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

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Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2025:


($ in thousands) Description of Financial Instruments	Fair Value at September 30, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Recurring
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	147,760	$	—	$	147,760	$	—
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	1,738		—		1,738		—
Mortgage-backed securities	2,000,847		—		2,000,172		675
Corporate bonds	15,323		—		14,323		1,000
Total available for sale securities	$	2,165,668	$	—	$	2,163,993	$	1,675

Derivative financial assets	$	3,993	$	—	$	3,993	$	—

Presold mortgages in process of settlement	$	4,032	$	—	$	4,032	$	—

Derivative financial liabilities	$	4,034	$	—	$	4,034	$	—

Nonrecurring
Individually evaluated loans	$	8,656	$	—	$	—	$	8,656
Foreclosed real estate	44		—		—		44

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2024:


($ in thousands) Description of Financial Instruments	Fair Value at December 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Recurring
Securities available for sale:
US Treasury securities	$	120,581	$	—	$	120,581	$	—
Government-sponsored enterprise securities	9,614		—		9,614		—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,897,175		—		1,896,469		706
Corporate bonds	15,692		—		13,942		1,750
Total available for sale securities	$	2,043,062	$	—	$	2,040,606	$	2,456

Derivative financial assets	$	301	$	—	$	301	$	—

Presold mortgages in process of settlement	$	5,942	$	—	$	5,942	$	—

Derivative financial liabilities	$	302	$	—	$	302	$	—

Nonrecurring
Individually evaluated loans	$	879	$	—	$	—	$	879

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for financial instruments measured at fair value.

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Securities Available for Sale — When quoted market prices are available in an active market, the securities are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, but fair values can be estimated by observing quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, the securities are classified as Level 2 on the valuation hierarchy. Most of the fair values for the Company’s Level 2 securities are determined by the Company's third-party bond accounting provider using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities. For the Company, Level 2 securities include U.S Treasury bonds, mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed obligations, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and corporate bonds. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

The Company reviews the pricing methodologies utilized by the bond accounting provider to ensure the fair value determination is consistent with the applicable accounting guidance and that the investments are properly classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Presold Mortgages in Process of Settlemen t - The fair value is based on the committed price that an investor has agreed to pay for the loan which is considered a Level 2 input.

Derivative financial assets and liabilities - The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. These are considered a Level 2 input.

Individually evaluated loans — Fair values for individually evaluated loans are measured on a non-recurring basis and are based on the underlying collateral values securing the loans, adjusted for estimated selling costs, or the net present value of the cash flows expected to be received for such loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is generally determined by third-party appraisers using an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed third party appraiser (Level 3). The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable borrower’s financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on borrower financial statement balances or aging reports on a discounted basis as appropriate (Level 3). Appraisals used in this analysis are generally obtained at least annually based on when the loans first became impaired, and thus the appraisals are not necessarily as of the period ends presented. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income.

Foreclosed real estate – Foreclosed real estate, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, is reported at the lower of cost or fair value. Fair value is measured on a non-recurring basis and is based upon independent market prices or current appraisals that are generally prepared using an income or market valuation approach and conducted by an independent, licensed third party appraiser, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 3). Appraisals used in this analysis are generally obtained at least annually based on when the assets were acquired, and thus the appraisals are not necessarily as of the period ends presented. At the time of foreclosure, any excess of the loan balance over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is treated as a charge against the allowance for loan losses. For any real estate valuations subsequent to foreclosure, any excess of the real estate recorded value over the fair value of the real estate is treated as a foreclosed real estate write-down on the consolidated statements of income.

There were no significant changes in the reported amount of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on either a recurring or a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2025.

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:


		September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Cash and due from banks, noninterest-bearing	Level 1	$	138,369	$	138,369	$	78,596	$	78,596
Due from banks, interest-bearing	Level 1	459,606		459,606		428,911		428,911
Securities held to maturity	Level 2	514,733		443,055		519,998		428,571

Total loans, net of allowance	Level 3	8,298,276		7,901,035		7,972,104		7,514,505
SBA Servicing Asset	Level 3	1,991		3,168		2,604		3,746

Demand deposits, money market and savings	Level 1	10,059,129		10,059,129		9,593,557		9,593,557
Time deposits	Level 2	822,042		819,192		936,968		933,523
Borrowings	Level 2	92,421		88,644		91,876		81,216

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no highly liquid market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include net premises and equipment, intangible and other assets such as deferred income taxes, prepaid expense accounts, income taxes currently payable, and other various accrued expenses. In addition, the income tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.

Note 8. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense of $ 0.7 million and $ 1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 2.8 million and $ 3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These amounts are included in "Total personnel expense" on the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Company recog nized income tax benefits related to stock-based compensation expense in its income statement of $ 163,000 an d $ 304,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 647,000 and $ 675,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

At September 30, 2025, the sole equity-based compensation plan of the Company was the First Bancorp 2024 Equity Plan (the "Equity Plan"), which was approved by shareholders on May 31, 2024. As of September 30, 2025, the Equity Plan had 1,828,580 shares remaining available for grant.

The Equity Plan is intended to serve as a means to attract, retain, and motivate key employees and directors and to associate the interests of the Equity Plan's participants with those of the Company and its shareholders. The Equity Plan allows for both grants of stock options and other types of equity-based compensation, including stock appreciation rights, restricted and unrestricted stock, restricted performance stock, and performance units. For the last several years, the only equity-based compensation granted by the Company has been shares of restricted stock, as it relates to employees, and unrestricted stock as it relates to non-employee directors.

There have been no material changes to the treatment of stock awards and equity grants as discussed in Note 15 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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In addition to employee equity awards, the Company's practice is to grant unrestricted common shares to each non-employee director (currently eleven in total) in June of each year. The grants were valued at approximately $ 37,500 in 2025. Compensation expense associated with these director awards is fully recognized by the date of the award since there are no vesting conditions.

The following table presents information regarding the activity for the first nine months of 2025 related to the Company’s outstanding restricted stock awards:


	Long-Term Restricted Stock Awards
	Number of Units	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2025	236,951	$	36.43
Granted during the period	89,798	41.84
Vested during the period	( 101,184 )	37.81
Forfeited or expired during the period	( 5,324 )	41.40
Nonvested at September 30, 2025	220,241	$	37.88

Total unrecognized compensation expense as of September 30, 2025 amounted to $ 4.1 million with a weighted average remaining term of 2.3 years. For the nonvested awards that were outstanding at September 30, 2025, the Company expects to record $ 1.9 million in compensation expense in the next twelve months, $ 0.6 million of which is expected to be recorded in the remaining quarter of 2025.

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Note 9. Earnings Per Share

The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share ("EPS"):


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025					2024
($ in thousands except per share amounts)	Income (Numerator)		Shares (Denominator)	Per Share Amount		Income (Numerator)		Shares (Denominator)	Per Share Amount
Basic EPS:
Net income	$	20,363				$	18,680
Less: income allocated to restricted stock	( 112 )					( 134 )
Basic EPS per common share	$	20,251	41,237,874	$	0.49	$	18,546	40,971,520	$	0.45

Diluted EPS:
Net income	$	20,363	41,237,874			$	18,680	40,971,520
Effect of dilutive securities	—		243,668			—		395,223
Diluted EPS per common share	$	20,363	41,481,542	$	0.49	$	18,680	41,366,743	$	0.45

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025					2024
($ in thousands except per share amounts)	Income (Numerator)		Shares (Denominator)	Per Share Amount		Income (Numerator)		Shares (Denominator)	Per Share Amount
Basic EPS:
Net income	$	95,335				$	72,664
Less: income allocated to restricted stock	( 541 )					( 471 )
Basic EPS per common share	$	94,794	41,179,363	$	2.30	$	72,193	40,924,822	$	1.76

Diluted EPS:
Net income	$	95,335	41,179,363			$	72,664	40,924,822
Effect of dilutive securities	—		264,273			—		369,315
Diluted EPS per common share	$	95,335	41,443,636	$	2.30	$	72,664	41,294,137	$	1.76

Note 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") for the Company for the periods shown were as follows:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale	$	( 251,766 )	$	( 368,055 )
Tax effect	58,286		85,941
Net unrealized loss on securities available for sale	( 193,480 )		( 282,114 )

Postretirement plans asset (liability)	111		111
Tax effect	( 26 )		( 26 )
Net postretirement plans asset (liability)	85		85

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	( 193,395 )	$	( 282,029 )

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The following tables disclose the changes in AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (all amounts are net of tax):


	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Unrealized Loss on Securities Available for Sale		Postretirement Plans Asset (Liability)		Total
Beginning balance	$	( 229,603 )	$	85	$	( 229,518 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	14,734		—		14,734
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	21,389		—		21,389

Net current period other comprehensive income	36,123		—		36,123

Ending balance	$	( 193,480 )	$	85	$	( 193,395 )

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Unrealized Loss on Securities Available for Sale		Postretirement Plans Asset (Liability)		Total
Beginning balance	$	( 315,153 )	$	( 38 )	$	( 315,191 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	60,366		—		60,366
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		19		19

Net current period other comprehensive income	60,366		19		60,385

Ending balance	$	( 254,787 )	$	( 19 )	$	( 254,806 )


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
($ in thousands)	Unrealized Loss on Securities Available for Sale		Postretirement Plans Asset (Liability)		Total
Beginning balance	$	( 282,114 )	$	85	$	( 282,029 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	67,245		—		67,245
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	21,389		—		21,389

Net current period other comprehensive income	88,634		—		88,634

Ending balance	$	( 193,480 )	$	85	$	( 193,395 )

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
($ in thousands)	Unrealized Loss on Securities Available for Sale		Postretirement Plans Asset (Liability)		Total
Beginning balance	$	( 307,953 )	$	( 77 )	$	( 308,030 )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	52,274		—		52,274
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	892		58		950

Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income	53,166		58		53,224

Ending balance	$	( 254,787 )	$	( 19 )	$	( 254,806 )

Amounts reclassified from AOCI for unrealized gain (loss) on AFS securities represent realized securities gains or losses, net of tax effects. Amounts reclassified from AOCI for postretirement plans asset (liability) represent

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amortization of amounts included in AOCI, net of taxes, and are recorded in the "Other operating expenses" line item of the consolidated statements of income.

Note 11. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

All of the Company’s revenues that are in the scope of the “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers ” accounting standard (“ASC 606”) are recognized within noninterest income. The following table presents the Company’s sources of noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Items outside the scope of ASC 606 are noted as such.


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Noninterest Income in-scope of ASC 606:
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	4,225	$	4,320	$	11,968	$	12,327
Other service charges and fees:
Bankcard interchange income, net	2,308		2,372		7,223		7,045
Other service charges and fees	1,764		1,710		5,762		5,208
Commissions from sales of financial products	1,678		1,371		4,474		4,068
Portion of other income in-scope of ASC 606	—		—		—		312
Noninterest income (in-scope of ASC 606)	9,975		9,773		29,427		28,960
Noninterest income (out-of-scope of ASC 606)	( 22,854 )		3,806		( 15,063 )		12,116
Total noninterest income	$	( 12,879 )	$	13,579	$	14,364	$	41,076

There have been no material changes from the Company's revenue streams accounted for under ASC 606 as discussed in Note 20 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note 12. Segment Reporting

The Company is a bank holding company, whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. As a community focused financial institution, substantially all of the Company’s operations involve the delivery of loan and deposit products or the provision of financial advice to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of these banking operations, which constitute the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes.

The accounting policies of the banking operations segment are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies as discussed in Note 1 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total consolidated assets.

The role of chief operating decision maker is comprised of the executive leadership team to include the Company's Chief Executive Officer, the Bank's Chief Executive Officer, the Company's President, and the Company's Chief Financial Officer. The chief operating decision makers use pre-tax net income to allocate resources in the annual budget and forecasting process. The chief operating decision makers consider budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for profit measures when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the operating segment.

The chief operating decision makers use the Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Balance Sheets to ascertain measures or performance such as revenue, profit or loss, significant expenses and assets.

Depreciation expense amounted to $ 1.6 million and $ 1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 5.1 million and $ 5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation expense is recorded in Occupancy and equipment expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Consolidated Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Highlights of the results for the third quarter and year-to-date period of 2025 are presented below. Refer also to additional discussion in the "Results of Operations" and "Financial Condition" sections following.

Overview and Highlights for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

We earned net income of $20.4 million, or $0.49 diluted EPS, during the third quarter of 2025 compared to net income of $18.7 million, or $0.45 diluted EPS, for the third quarter of 2024. The $19.4 million increase in net interest income in the third quarter of 2025 from the like quarter was driven primarily by a higher yield on interest earning assets and a lower cost of funds, both of which were driven by the overall interest rate environment throughout the past year. Adjusting for the impact of the $27.9 million loss related to a securities loss-earnback transaction, our adjusted net income, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was $41.8 million, or $1.01 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2025. The results for the third quarter of 2025 also include a $4.0 million reduction to the potential impacts to the allowance for credit losses from Hurricane Helene ($3.1 million after-taxes or $0.07 per diluted share).

• Net interest income for the third quarter of 2025 was $102.5 million, a 23.4% increase from the $83.0 million recorded in the third quarter of 2024. The increase in net interest income from the like quarter was driven by higher yields on earning assets and lower cost of funds.

• Net interest margin ("NIM") increased 58 basis points to 3.46% in the third quarter of 2025 from 2.88% in the third quarter of 2024 as a result of the higher yields on loans and securities and lower cost of funds.

• We remained well-capitalized by all regulatory standards. Risk-based capital ratios contracted during the quarter with a total common equity Tier 1 ratio of 14.35%, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 15.14% and total risk-based capital ratio of 16.58% at September 30, 2025, all down slightly from September 30, 2024. The decreases during the quarter were driven by loan growth, which carries a higher risk weight than short term investments.

• The provision for credit losses for the third quarter of 2025 was $3.4 million, driven by loan growth and $3.0 million of net charge-offs, partially offset by a $4.0 million reduction in the incremental allowance for credit losses related to potential exposure from Hurricane Helene.

• Noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 totaled a negative $12.9 million, reflecting a decline from the $13.6 million for the comparable prior year period, primarily from the $27.9 million securities loss, related to a securities loss-earnback transaction that took place in the third quarter of 2025.

• Noninterest expense of $60.2 million increased $0.4 million, or 0.6%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 from the prior year. The increase is attributable to a $0.4 million increase in personnel costs resulting from increased incentives and commissions driven by improved performance.

See the discussion and reconciliations of net income and diluted EPS to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 in the Overview and Highlights for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 section below.

Overview and Highlights for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

We earned net income of $95.3 million, or $2.30 diluted EPS, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to net income of $72.7 million, or $1.76 diluted EPS, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Adjusting for the impact of the $27.9 million loss related to the loss-earnback transaction, our adjusted net income was $116.8 million, or $2.82 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 also include a $9.5 million reduction to the potential impacts to the allowance for credit losses from Hurricane Helene ($7.3 million after-taxes or $0.18 per diluted share).

• Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $292.0 million, a 20.0% increase from the $243.4 million recorded for the comparable period of 2024. The increase in net interest income was driven by higher yields on interest earning assets and lower cost of funds.

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• NIM increased 51 basis points to 3.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from 2.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as a result of the higher yields on loans and securities and lower cost of funds as well as the repayment of short-term borrowings which contributed to the reduced cost of funds from the prior period.

• For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $6.8 million in provision for credit losses as compared to $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The higher provision in 2024 was significantly impacted by the $13.0 million provision related to Hurricane Helene. The provision for credit losses in 2025 was significantly impacted by loan growth in 2025, net charge off activity of $7.5 million, partially offset by a $9.5 million reduction in the incremental provision related to potential exposure from Hurricane Helene. The 2024 provision was dampened by lower loan balances as of September 30, 2024.

• Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $14.4 million, a decrease of $26.7 million, from the comparable period of 2024 primarily related to the $27.9 million securities loss resulting from the securities loss-earnback transaction that took place in the third quarter of 2025.

• Noninterest expense decreased $0.2 million to $177.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by a $1.2 million decrease in Other operating expenses and a $0.7 million decrease in Intangible amortization expense, partially offset by an increase in Personnel expenses of $1.9 million arising from increased salaries and wages.

Adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures that exclude the effect of the $27.9 million securities loss resulting from the securities loss-earnback transaction for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, from the GAAP basis net income and diluted EPS for those periods. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional information that is useful to investors in evaluating our performance and may facilitate comparisons with other institutions in the banking industry as well as period-to-period comparisons. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or financial condition as promulgated under GAAP, and investors should consider the Company’s performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, are not audited, and may not be comparable to other similarly titled financial measures used by other companies. Investors should not consider non-GAAP measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results or financial condition as reported under GAAP. The following table reconciles net income and diluted EPS to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted EPS for the three and nine ended September 30, 2025:


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Net income	$	20,363	$	18,680	$	95,335	$	72,664
Impact of loss-earnback
Securities loss from loss-earnback	27,905		—		27,905		—
Less, tax impact	(6,472)		—		(6,472)		—
After-tax impact of loss-earnback	21,433		—		21,433		—

Adjusted net income	$	41,796	$	18,680	$	116,768	$	72,664

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted	41,481,542		41,366,743		41,443,636		41,294,137

EPS - diluted	$	0.49	$	0.45	$	2.30	$	1.76
Adjusted EPS - diluted	$	1.01	$	0.45	$	2.82	$	1.76

Total assets were $12.8 billion at September 30, 2025, a 5.0% increase from December 31, 2024. The increase was driven primarily by deposit growth generating investable funds that were deployed in interest-bearing cash, securities and loan balances. The primary balance sheet changes are presented below.

• Total cash and cash equivalents amounted to $598.0 million at September 30, 2025, representing a $90.5 million, or 17.8%, increase from December 31, 2024. Noninterest-bearing cash comprised $59.8 million of this increase.

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• AFS securities increased $122.6 million, or 6.0%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the third quarter of 2025, as part of a securities loss-earnback transaction in the securities portfolio, $194.3 million of securities were sold at a loss of $27.9 million and $167.4 million of securities were purchased, with a weighted average yield of 4.83%.

• Total loans amounted to $8.4 billion at September 30, 2025, reflecting an increase of $324.5 million, or 4.0%, from December 31, 2024.

• Total deposits were $10.9 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $350.6 million, or 3.33%, from December 31, 2024. Deposit growth during the period was split between noninterest-bearing deposits, which saw an increase of $212.9 million, and interest-bearing deposits, which increased $137.7 million.

• Credit quality continued to be strong at September 30, 2025, with NPAs of 0.31% of total assets as of September 30, 2025, up 1 basis point from 0.30% at December 31, 2024.

• Our on-balance sheet liquidity ratio was 18.2% at September 30, 2025. Available off-balance sheet sources totaled $2.5 billion at quarter end, resulting in a total liquidity ratio of 35.3%.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accounting principles we follow and our methods of applying these principles conform with GAAP and with general practices followed by the banking industry. Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions, or judgments and as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. We have identified the determination of our ACL and related Allowance for Unfunded Commitments, as well as business combinations, related fair value measurements and goodwill determination to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments, estimates, and assumptions, and where changes in those judgments, estimates, and assumptions (based on new or additional information, changes in the economic climate and/or market interest rates, etc.) could have a significant effect on our financial statements. See the "Allowance for Credit Losses, Allowance for Unfunded Commitments, and Loan Loss Experience" discussion in the Financial Condition section of Management's Discussion and Analysis.

There have been no material changes to the Company's significant accounting policies as discussed in Note 1 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Current Accounting Matters

See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for information about recently announced or adopted accounting standards.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net interest income is our largest source of revenue and is the difference between the interest earned on interest-earning assets (primarily loans and investment securities) and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities (primarily deposits and borrowed funds). Changes in the net interest income are the result of changes in volume and the net interest spread which affects NIM. Volume refers to the average dollar levels of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest spread refers to the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. NIM refers to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets and is influenced by the level and relative mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is also influenced by external factors such as local economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, and market interest rates.

Net Interest Income for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Net interest income for the third quarter of 2025 amounted to $102.5 million, an increase of $19.4 million, or 23.4%, from the $83.0 million recorded in the third quarter of 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher yields on interest-earning assets and lower cost of funds.

For the third quarter of 2025, average interest-earning assets increased $304.8 million, or 2.7%, from the comparable period of the prior year, with average loans and taxable securities growing $277.9 million and $143.8 million, respectively while average short term investments contracted by $112.7 million.

The cost of interest bearing deposits decreased 41 basis points from the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025, with the biggest decrease coming from the cost of Money market deposits, which declined $3.2 million and the cost of Other time deposits, which declined $1.7 million.

These changes resulted in the 58 basis point improvement in our NIM (see discussion below) from the like quarter to 3.46% for the third quarter of 2025.

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The following table presents an analysis of net interest income for the third quarter of 2025 and 2024:


Average Balances and Net Interest Income Analysis
	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Average Volume		Interest Earned or Paid		Average Rate		Average Volume		Interest Earned or Paid		Average Rate
Assets
Loans (1) (2)	$	8,297,643	$	118,822	5.69	%	$	8,019,730	$	111,076	5.51	%
Taxable securities	2,637,711		17,571		2.66	%	2,493,924		10,779		1.73	%
Non-taxable securities	286,750		1,114		1.56	%	290,939		1,116		1.53	%
Short-term investments, primarily interest-bearing cash	571,922		6,693		4.64	%	684,634		8,438		4.90	%
Total interest-earning assets	11,794,026		144,200		4.86	%	11,489,227		131,409		4.56	%

Cash and due from banks	149,771						84,060
Premises and equipment	141,858						146,448
Other assets	554,361						406,878
Total assets	$	12,640,016					$	12,126,613

Liabilities
Interest-bearing checking	$	1,403,683	$	2,420	0.68	%	$	1,393,611	$	2,688	0.77	%
Money market deposits	4,510,662		31,674		2.79	%	4,173,884		34,878		3.32	%
Savings deposits	535,464		267		0.20	%	552,721		315		0.23	%
Other time deposits	514,143		3,029		2.34	%	622,752		4,728		3.02	%
Time deposits >$250,000	328,207		2,645		3.20	%	390,208		3,811		3.89	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	7,292,159		40,035		2.18	%	7,133,176		46,420		2.59	%
Short-term borrowings	785		1		0.49	%	6,364		80		5.01	%
Long-term borrowings	91,564		1,675		7.26	%	90,786		1,866		8.17	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	7,384,508		41,711		2.24	%	7,230,326		48,366		2.66	%

Noninterest-bearing checking	3,550,499						3,376,061
Other liabilities	133,905						75,197
Shareholders’ equity	1,571,104						1,445,029
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	12,640,016					$	12,126,613

Net yield on interest-earning assets and net interest income			$	102,489	3.46	%			$	83,043	2.88	%
Net yield on interest-earning assets and net interest income – tax-equivalent (3)			$	102,828	3.47	%			$	83,765	2.91	%

Interest rate spread					2.62	%					1.90	%

Average prime rate					7.46	%					8.43	%

(1) Average loans include nonaccruing loans, the effect of which is to lower the average rate shown. Interest earned includes recognized net loan fees, including late fees, prepayment fees, and net deferred loan (cost)/fee amortization in the amounts of $(0.3) million, and $(0.4) million for three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2) Includes accretion of discount on acquired loans of $1.6 million and $2.0 million for three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3) Includes tax-equivalent adjustments to reflect the tax benefit that we receive related to tax-exempt securities and loans as reduced by the related nondeductible portion of interest expense.

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Overall, as demonstrated in the table above, the growth in earning assets, the yield on those assets and a decrease in the cost of liabilities drove the expansion in NIM and net interest income.

• Net interest income for the third quarter of 2025 was $102.5 million, an increase of $19.4 million from the like quarter. The increase in net interest income was primarily driven by our focused efforts to increase interest-earning assets and to manage deposit costs after the rate cuts by the Federal Reserve between September and December of 2024, which saw the federal funds rate fall 100 basis points and an additional rate cut of 25 basis points in September 2025. We also focused on increasing loan yields as new originations were at higher rates than older loans. Further, securities yields increased as a result of the loss-earnback transactions in the fourth quarter of 2024 and the third quarter of 2025 along with continued paydowns and payoffs on lower-yielding bonds.

• The Company’s NIM for the third quarter of 2025 was 3.46%, an increase of 58 basis points from the like quarter. Within interest-earning assets, the securities loss-earnback transactions during the fourth quarter of 2024 and the third quarter of 2025 resulted in an increase of 84 basis points on the yield on total securities as compared to the like quarter. In addition, loan yields increased 18 basis points to 5.69%. Following the rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in late 2024 and third quarter of 2025, the rate on interest-bearing deposits fell 41 basis points from the like quarter to the third quarter of 2025.

• Average loan volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $277.9 million higher than the same period in 2024. In addition, interest rates on loans increased 18 basis points to 5.69% for the third quarter of 2025, resulting in an increase in interest income on loans of $7.7 million.

• Due to the impact of the aforementioned Federal Reserve rate cuts in 2024 and 2025 and the resulting decreased market rates partially offset by higher average balances, deposit interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $6.4 million compared to the same period in 2024. Average interest-bearing deposit balances increased $159.0 million while rates on those deposits decreased 41 basis points as compared to the like quarter. Average money market deposits increased $336.8 million while the rate on those deposits fell 53 basis points, accounting for $3.2 million of the decrease in interest expense. Average Other time deposits contracted $108.6 million while the rate on those deposits fell 68 basis points, resulting in a $1.7 million decrease in interest expense on these deposits.

For internal purposes, we also evaluate our NIM on a tax equivalent basis ("NIM-T/E"), which is a non-GAAP financial measure, by adding the tax benefit realized from tax-exempt loans and securities to reported interest income then dividing by total average earning assets. We believe that analysis of NIM-T/E is useful and appropriate because it allows a comparison of net interest income in different periods without taking into account the different mix of taxable versus non-taxable loans and investments that may have existed during those periods.The following is a reconciliation of reported net interest income to tax-equivalent net interest income and the resulting NIM to NIM-T/E.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025			2024
Net interest income, as reported	$	102,489		$	83,043
Tax-equivalent adjustment	339			722
Net interest income, tax-equivalent	$	102,828		$	83,765
Net interest margin, as reported	3.46		%	2.88		%
Net interest margin, tax-equivalent	3.47		%	2.91		%

Net Interest Income for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 amounted to $292.0 million, an increase of $48.6 million, or 20.0%, from the $243.4 million recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. As described above, the rate cuts by the Federal Reserve in the second half of 2024 and third quarter of 2025 affected market rates which had resulting impacts on the rates we paid or received in 2024 and 2025. Similar to the impact during the three months ended September 30, 2025, the increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was also driven by lower cost of funds, and increased yields on interest-earning assets. Our NIM increased to

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3.34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from 2.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as discussed further below.

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The following table presents an analysis of net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.


Average Balances and Net Interest Income Analysis
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025						2024
($ in thousands)	Average Volume		Interest Earned or Paid		Average Rate		Average Volume		Interest Earned or Paid		Average Rate
Assets
Loans (1) (2)	$	8,198,263	$	342,286	5.58	%	$	8,064,480	$	331,346	5.49	%
Taxable securities	2,654,737		49,952		2.51	%	2,633,093		34,798		1.76	%
Non-taxable securities	287,826		3,346		1.55	%	292,056		3,350		1.53	%
Short-term investments, primarily interest-bearing cash	527,322		18,017		4.57	%	490,782		17,351		4.72	%
Total interest-earning assets	11,668,148		$	413,601	4.74	%	11,480,411		386,845		4.50	%

Cash and due from banks	145,593						86,514
Premises and equipment	142,333						149,073
Other assets	487,172						381,806
Total assets	$	12,443,246					$	12,097,804

Liabilities
Interest bearing checking	$	1,423,164	$	7,343	0.69	%	$	1,398,137	$	7,472	0.71	%
Money market deposits	4,403,000		90,801		2.76	%	3,961,707		95,102		3.21	%
Savings deposits	537,790		759		0.19	%	571,730		940		0.22	%
Other time deposits	535,515		9,470		2.36	%	689,941		16,237		3.14	%
Time deposits >$250,000	342,011		8,186		3.20	%	372,561		10,548		3.78	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	7,241,480		116,559		2.15	%	6,994,076		130,299		2.49	%
Short-term borrowings	809		4		0.74	%	183,653		7,114		5.17	%
Long-term borrowings	91,362		4,990		7.30	%	96,717		6,000		8.29	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	7,333,651		121,553		2.22	%	7,274,446		143,413		2.63	%

Noninterest bearing checking	3,483,214						3,346,669
Other liabilities	102,828						76,922
Shareholders’ equity	1,523,553						1,399,767
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	12,443,246					$	12,097,804

Net yield on interest-earning assets and net interest income			$	292,048	3.34	%			$	243,432	2.83	%
Net yield on interest-earning assets and net interest income – tax-equivalent (3)			$	293,035	3.35	%			$	245,618	2.87	%

Interest rate spread					2.52	%					1.87	%

Average prime rate					7.49	%					8.48	%

(1) Average loans include nonaccruing loans, the effect of which is to lower the average rate shown. Interest earned includes recognized net loan fees, including late fees, prepayment fees, and deferred loan (cost)/fee amortization (including deferred PPP fees), in the amounts of $(0.9) million, and $(1.3) million for nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2) Includes accretion of discount on acquired loans of $4.8 million and $6.7 million for nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3) Includes tax-equivalent adjustments to reflect the tax benefit that we receive related to tax-exempt securities and loans as reduced by the related nondeductible portion of interest expense.

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Overall, as demonstrated in the table above, the expansion in NIM, coupled with higher earning asset volumes, drove the increase in net interest income.

• After substantial increases occurring in 2022 and 2023, during the second half of 2024, the Federal Reserve decreased the fed funds rate a total of 100 basis points. Coupled with the 0.25% decrease late in the third quarter of 2025, the fed funds rate has seen a 75 basis points decrease between September 2024 and September 2025. The average prime rate was 7.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 8.48% for the prior year period. During much of 2024, the market yield curve was inverted, while during 2025, the yield curve has been positively sloping beyond three years, although longer term treasury rates are still fairly close to fed funds rates.

• Average loan volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $133.8 million higher than the same period in 2024 due to organic loan growth. In addition, interest rates on loans increased 9 basis points to 5.58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, collectively resulting in an increase in loan interest income of $10.9 million.

• Due to lower market rates and a shift from higher costing deposits to lower costing deposits, partially offset by an overall growth of deposits, interest expense on deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $13.7 million compared to the same period in 2024. Average total interest-bearing deposit balances increased $247.4 million while rates on those deposits decreased 34 basis points as compared to the prior year. Within this population, average balances on Money market deposits increased $441.3 million while rates on those accounts decreased 45 basis points as compared to the prior year, both resulting in a $4.3 million decrease in interest expense. Average balances on Other time deposits decreased $154.4 million and rates on these accounts decreased 78 basis points as compared to the prior year, collectively resulting in a $6.8 million decrease in interest expense.

• Interest expense on borrowings decreased $8.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 due to the $188.2 million decrease in the average volume of borrowings between periods, partially offset by a 99 basis point increase in the rates on total borrowings. The lower balances were due in large part to a decreased reliance on short-term borrowings as deposit growth provided additional liquidity. The remaining borrowings are longer term in nature and generally carry higher interest rates than those that were paid off.

• NIM increased 51 basis points between the comparable periods resulting from higher interest-earning asset balances and yields, lower rates on interest bearing deposits and lower average balances on borrowings, partially offset by higher deposit average balances higher rates on borrowings.

The following is a reconciliation of reported net interest income to tax-equivalent net interest income and the resulting NIM to NIM-T/E.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025			2024
Net interest income, as reported	$	292,048		$	243,432
Tax-equivalent adjustment	987			2,186
Net interest income, tax-equivalent	$	293,035		$	245,618
Net interest margin, as reported	3.34		%	2.83		%
Net interest margin, tax-equivalent	3.35		%	2.87		%

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Our NIM for all periods presented benefited from the net accretion income arising from purchase accounting premiums/discounts associated with acquisitions. Presented in the table below is the amount of accretion which increased net interest income in each time period presented.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income – increased by accretion of loan discount on acquired loans	$	1,584	$	2,003	$	4,830	$	6,743
Total interest income impact	1,584		2,003		4,830		6,743
Interest expense – increased by discount accretion of deposits	(77)		(174)		(282)		(681)
Interest expense – increased by discount accretion of borrowings	(197)		(193)		(582)		(572)
Total net interest expense impact	(274)		(367)		(864)		(1,253)
Total impact on net interest income	$	1,310	$	1,636	$	3,966	$	5,490

The most significant component of the purchase accounting adjustments in each year was loan discount accretion on purchased loans. Generally, the level of loan discount accretion will decline each year due to the natural reduction in outstanding balance of acquired loans.

At September 30, 2025 and 2024, unaccreted loan discounts on purchased loans amounted to $10.1 million and $17.3 million, respectively. The portfolio acquired with the GrandSouth Bancorporation acquisition on January 1, 2023 comprised the majority of the remaining unaccreted loan discount.

In addition to the loan discount accretion recorded on acquired loans, we recorded accretion on the discounts associated with the retained unguaranteed portions of SBA loans for which the guaranteed portion was sold in the secondary market. The level of SBA loan discount accretion will fluctuate relative to the SBA loan portfolio balances. At September 30, 2025 and 2024, the unaccreted loan discounts on SBA loans amounted to $2.3 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses is comprised of the provision for loan losses and the provision for unfunded commitments. The provision recorded in each period represents the amount required such that the total ACL reflects the current estimate of life of loan credit losses in the loan portfolio and the allowance for unfunded commitments reflects the current expected losses on unfunded loan commitments that are expected to result in outstanding loan balances. Our estimate of credit losses is determined using a complex model that relies on reasonable and supportable forecasts and historical loss information to determine the balance of the ACL and allowance for unfunded commitments. Refer also to “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7 of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for more information.

The provision for credit losses was $3.4 million and $14.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $6.8 million and $15.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The higher provision in 2024 primarily resulted from the $13.0 million provision related to Hurricane Helene.

The provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2025 included $4.0 million reversal specifically attributed to Hurricane Helene and totaled $3.4 million as compared to $14.8 million for the third quarter of 2024, when the higher provision was primarily due to the $13.0 million provision specifically attributed to Hurricane Helene.

The provision for unfunded commitments reflected an expense of $0.1 million and a reversal of $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and an expense of $0.9 million and a reversal of $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Within the portions of Western North and South Carolina that were significantly impacted by Hurricane Helene, the Company identified borrowers with approximately $674 million of loans outstanding. The Company continues to evaluate possible impacts from the storm and has reserved accordingly based upon the information available at each reporting period since September 30, 2024. The Company applied increased reserve rates based upon severe economic factors to the approximately $674 million of loans in the path of Helene. Additionally, the

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Company performed an evaluation of the largest commercial loans in its impacted markets and applied incremental reserves to those loans that were suspected of having higher potential property damage or economic impact from the storm The incremental reserve related to the potential exposure from Hurricane Helene added 0.05% to the ACL as of September 30, 2025.

Additional discussion of the CECL method and our asset quality and credit metrics, which impact our provision for credit losses, is provided in the "Nonperforming Assets" and "Allowance for Credit Losses, Allowance for Unfunded Commitments, and Loan Loss Experience" sections following.

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was negative $12.9 million, reflecting the inclusion of the $27.9 million loss on securities. Excluding the loss on securities, noninterest income totaled $15.0 million during the third quarter of 2025, a 10.7% increase from the $13.6 million recorded for the three months ended September 2024. As compared to the third quarter of 2024, Other service charges - other increased $0.9 million and Other Income increased $0.8 million.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, total noninterest income was $14.4 million and $41.1 million, respectively. Adjusting for the loss on securities, noninterest income totaled $42.3 million and $42.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the year to date periods, a $2.3 million decrease in SBA loan sale gains was offset by a $2.2 million increase Other service charges - other.

Details of the more significant components of noninterest income are presented in the table below.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	4,225	$	4,320	$	11,968	$	12,327
Other service charges and fees - bankcard interchange income, net	2,308		2,372		7,223		7,045
Other service charges and fees - other	4,047		3,183		11,610		9,394
Presold mortgage loan fees and gains on sale	471		690		1,236		1,616
Commissions from sales of financial products	1,678		1,371		4,474		4,068
SBA loan sale gains	869		1,108		1,072		3,339
Bank-owned life insurance income	1,289		1,205		3,738		3,548
Securities losses, net	(27,905)		—		(27,905)		(1,161)
Other income, net	139		(670)		948		900
Total noninterest income	$	(12,879)	$	13,579	$	14,364	$	41,076

Noninterest Expenses

Total noninterest expenses totaled $60.2 million and $59.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $177.1 million and $177.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Noninterest expense increased $0.4 million, or 0.6%, in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the prior year.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, total noninterest expenses decreased $0.2 million, or 0.1%. This was primarily attributable a $0.8 million decrease in Professional fees, a $0.7 million decrease in Intangible amortization expense and a $0.5 million decrease in Credit card rewards and other bankcard expenses, partially offset by a $1.9 million increase in Total personnel expense and a $0.7 million increase in Data processing expense.

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The following table presents the primary components of noninterest expenses.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Salaries, incentives and commissions expense	$	31,065	$	29,955	$	88,731	$	85,406
Employee benefit expense	5,751		6,495		18,033		19,467
Total personnel expense	36,816		36,450		106,764		104,873
Occupancy and equipment expense	5,145		4,884		15,532		15,835
Credit card rewards and other bankcard expenses	1,477		1,813		4,170		4,670
Telephone and data lines	941		727		2,933		2,557
Software licenses and other software costs	1,986		1,942		5,729		5,928
Data processing expense	2,518		2,275		7,319		6,581
Professional fees	1,399		1,479		3,873		4,694
Advertising and marketing	806		828		2,521		2,895
Non-credit losses	491		942		2,252		2,248
FDIC insurance costs	2,046		1,442		4,868		5,099
Corporate insurance costs	570		558		1,647		1,728

Intangibles amortization expense	1,394		1,613		4,378		5,041
Foreclosed property (gains) losses, net	40		(61)		81		(214)
Other operating expenses	4,582		4,958		15,020		15,393
Total noninterest expense	$	60,211	$	59,850	$	177,087	$	177,328

Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $5.6 million and $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 21.6% and 17.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded tax expense of $27.2 million and $18.6 million, resulting in effective tax rates of 22.2% and 20.4%, respectively.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets at September 30, 2025 amounted to $12.8 billion, a $602.6 million, or 5.0%, increase from December 31, 2024 and was primarily related to higher loans, AFS securities and interest-bearing cash.

Total loans at September 30, 2025 were $8.4 billion, an increase of $324.5 million, or 4.0%, from December 31, 2024. The mix of our loan portfolio remained substantially the same at September 30, 2025 as compared to December 31, 2024. Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements presents additional detail regarding our mix of loans. At September 30, 2025, we had no notable concentrations in geographies or industries, including in office or hospitality categories. The Company's exposure to non-owner occupied commercial office loans represented approximately 6.2% of the total portfolio at September 30, 2025, with the largest loan being $33.0 million and the average outstanding loan balance being $1.4 million. Non-owner occupied office loans were generally in non-metro markets and the 10 largest loans in this category represented less than 2% of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2025.

Total investment securities were $2.7 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $117.3 million from December 31, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company purchased $353.7 million and sold $194.3 million of investment securities. A securities loss-earnback transaction occurred during the third quarter of 2025 in which $194.3 million of securities were sold at a loss of $27.9 million and $167.4 million of securities were purchased, with a weighted average yield of 4.83%.

The composition of our investment portfolio remained substantially the same at September 30, 2025 as at December 31, 2024, with the exception of U.S. Treasuries and Mortgage-backed securities, which increased due to the aforementioned purchases and securities loss-earnback transaction, partially offset by paydowns.

The unrealized loss on AFS securities totaled $251.8 million at September 30, 2025. Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for additional detailed information regarding our mix of investments and the unrealized losses for each category. We evaluated the unrealized losses on individual securities at September 30, 2025 and determined them to be of a temporary nature due primarily to interest rate factors and not credit quality

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concerns. In arriving at this conclusion, we reviewed third-party credit ratings and considered the severity of the impairment.

Total deposits amounted to $10.9 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $350.6 million, or 3.3%, from December 31, 2024. Brokered deposits decreased from year-end.

We continue to have a diversified and granular deposit base which has remained stable with continued growth in customer deposits, primarily Noninterest-bearing checking accounts and Money market accounts. Our deposit mix has remained relatively consistent and has not changed significantly.


	September 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
($ in thousands)	Amount		Percentage		Amount		Percentage
Noninterest-bearing checking accounts	$	3,580,560	33	%	$	3,367,624	32	%
Interest-bearing checking accounts	1,418,378		13	%	1,398,395		13	%
Money market accounts	4,527,728		41	%	4,285,405		41	%
Savings accounts	532,462		5	%	542,133		5	%
Other time deposits	504,942		5	%	566,514		5	%
Time deposits >$250,000	312,255		3	%	360,854		4	%
Total customer deposits	10,876,325		100	%	10,520,925		100	%
Brokered deposits	4,845		—	%	9,600		—	%
Total deposits	$	10,881,170	100	%	$	10,530,525	100	%

As of September 30, 2025, the estimated insured deposits totaled $6.5 billion, or 59.7% of total deposits, while approximately $4.4 billion of the Company's total deposits were uninsured. In addition to insured deposits, there were deposits with a balance totaling $682.7 million at September 30, 2025 which were collateralized by investment securities such that approximately 66.0% of our total deposits were insured or collateralized at that date.

Nonperforming Assets

NPAs are defined as nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 or more days and still accruing interest, and foreclosed real estate. NPAs are summarized as follows:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonperforming assets
Nonaccrual loans	$	37,289		$	31,779
Accruing loans >90 days past due	—			—
Total nonperforming loans	37,289			31,779
Foreclosed real estate	1,718			4,965
Total nonperforming assets	$	39,007		$	36,744

Asset Quality Ratios
Nonperforming loans to total loans	0.44		%	0.39		%
Nonperforming assets to total loans and foreclosed properties	0.46		%	0.45		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	0.31		%	0.30		%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans	1.44		%	1.51		%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans	324.35		%	385.70		%

As shown in the table above, total NPAs at September 30, 2025 increased to $39.0 million from year end and related primarily to the $5.5 million increase in Nonaccrual loans, partially offset by the $3.2 million decrease in Foreclosed real estate.

Commercial real estate - owner occupied is the largest category of nonaccrual loans, at $12.7 million, or 34.0%, followed by Commercial and industrial at $10.0 million, or 26.9%. Included in various loan categories are nonaccrual SBA loans totaling $16.0 million at September 30, 2025, or 42.8% of total nonaccrual loans, and which have $7.3 million in guarantees from the SBA.

As reflected in Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, total classified loans decreased 10.1% to $59.1 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $65.8 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease

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resulted primarily from improvements in Commercial real estate - non owner occupied loans of $8.8 million, partially offset by increases in Commercial real estate - owner occupied loans of $1.6 million and Residential 1-4 family real estate of $1.1 million. Special mention loans decreased 31.10% to $25.6 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $37.1 million at December 31, 2024. The majority of the decrease was attributable to Commercial real estate - non owner occupied loans, which decreased $5.6 million, Commercial real estate - owner occupied loans, which decreased $3.4 million and Commercial and Industrial loans, which decreased $1.4 million.

Allowance for Credit Losses, Allowance for Unfunded Commitments, and Loan Loss Experience

The total allowance for credit losses amounted to $120.9 million at September 30, 2025 compared to $122.6 million at December 31, 2024. Fluctuations in the ACL are based on loan mix and growth, changes in the levels of nonperforming loans, economic forecasts impacting loss drivers, and other assumptions and inputs to the CECL model. As discussed previously in the "Provision for Credit Losses and Provision for Unfunded Commitments" section, much of the change to the level of ACL during the period ended September 30, 2025 was primarily related to the releases of $4.0 million and $9.5 million of the credit reserves arising from Hurricane Helene during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The ACL as a percent of loans at September 30, 2025 was 1.44%, 5 basis points of which was attributable to the potential impact from Hurricane Helene.


($ in thousands)	Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	15,153
Construction, development & other land loans	13,025
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	93,322
Commercial real estate - non owner occupied	252,072
Multi-family real estate	24,519
Residential 1-4 family real estate	242,214
Home equity loans/lines of credit	33,257
Consumer loans	—
Total	$	673,562

Given that the recovery from the storm is ongoing in many impacted communities, the Company continues to evaluate possible impacts from the storm on borrowers and has reserved accordingly based upon the information available as of September 30, 2025. The Company applied increased reserve rates based upon severe economic factors to the approximately $674 million of loans in the most impacted path of Hurricane Helene. Additionally, the Company evaluated the largest commercial loans in that area and applied incremental reserves to those loans that were suspected of having higher potential property damage or economic impact from the storm. Due to the potential exposure from Hurricane Helene, the ACL on these impacted loans was $3.5 million as of September 30, 2025, adding 5 basis points to the overall ACL as a percent of total loans.

The ACL reflects our estimate of life of loan expected credit losses that will result from the inability of our borrowers to make required loan payments. We use systematic methodologies to determine the ACL for loans and the allowance for certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. We consider the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The ACL is calculated using collectively evaluated pools for loans with similar risk characteristics applying the discounted cash flow ("DCF") method. When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with its segment, the loan is evaluated on an individual basis applying a DCF or asset approach for collateral-dependent loans.

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For the periods indicated, the following table summarizes our balances of loans outstanding, average loans outstanding, ACL, charge-offs and recoveries, and key ratios:


($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025			Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Loans outstanding at end of period	$	8,419,224		$	8,094,676		$	8,013,538
Average amount of loans outstanding	8,198,263			8,046,681			8,064,480
Allowance for credit losses, at period end	120,948			122,572			122,718

Total charge-offs	(9,524)			(9,587)			(7,460)
Total recoveries	2,070			3,555			2,292
Net charge-offs	$	(7,454)		$	(6,032)		$	(5,168)

Ratios:
Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans (annualized)	0.12		%	0.07		%	0.09		%
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of loans at end of period	1.44		%	1.51		%	1.53		%

While our estimate of the ACL involves a high degree of judgment, we believe the ACL was adequate at each period end presented. Our assessment of the ACL involves uncertainty and judgment and is subject to change in future periods. The amount of any changes could be significant if the assessment of loan quality or collateral values changes substantially with respect to one or more loan relationships or portfolios or if there is a significant change in the reasonable and supportable forecast or assumptions used to model our expected credit losses. No assurance can be given that we will not in any particular period sustain loan losses that are sizable in relation to the amounts reserved or that subsequent evaluations of the loan portfolio, in light of conditions and factors then prevailing, will not require significant changes in the ACL or future charges to earnings. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our ACL and the value of our collateral-dependent loans. Such agencies may require us to recognize adjustments to the ACL based on their judgments about information available at the time of their examinations. Refer also to “Critical Accounting Policies – Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Allowance for Unfunded Commitments” in Note 1 to the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for more information.

In addition to the ACL on loans, we maintain an allowance for lending-related commitments such as unfunded loan commitments. We estimate expected credit losses associated with these commitments over the contractual period in which we are exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable. The allowance for lending-related commitments on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a component of the provision for credit losses expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The allowance for unfunded commitments of $10.0 million and $9.1 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, is classified on the consolidated balance sheets within "Other liabilities." The increase in the level of the allowance between periods was driven by an increase in balances of available lines of credit during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Liquidity, Commitments, and Contingencies

Our liquidity is determined by our ability to convert assets to cash or acquire alternative sources of funds to meet the needs of our customers who are withdrawing or borrowing funds, and to maintain required reserve levels, pay expenses and operate the Company on an ongoing basis. Our primary liquidity sources are net income from operations, cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and other short-term investments. Our securities portfolio has a high percentage of amortizing mortgage-backed securities generating monthly cash flows. In addition, the portfolio is comprised almost entirely of readily marketable securities, which could also be sold to provide cash. We also maintain available lines of credit from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve, as well as federal funds lines from several correspondent banks which are summarized below.

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At September 30, 2025, the Company had the following sources of readily available borrowing capacity:

• A $1.4 billion line of credit with the FHLB that can be structured as either short-term or long-term borrowings, depending on the particular funding or liquidity needs. As of September 30, 2025, the line of credit is secured by a blanket lien on portions of the Company's real estate loan portfolio totaling approximately $2.3 billion and the Company's FHLB stock totaling $8.6 million. $0.8 million was outstanding on the line of credit at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024;

• Federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $265.0 million which allow the Company to purchase federal funds on an overnight, unsecured basis. No borrowings were outstanding at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024; and

• A line of credit of approximately $776.3 million through the Federal Reserve's discount window borrowing program, which was secured at September 30, 2025 by a blanket lien on a portion of the Company’s commercial and consumer loan portfolios (excluding those secured by real estate collateral) totaling approximately $321.2 million and specific investment securities with a carrying value of $666.8 million. No borrowings were outstanding at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Our overall on-balance sheet liquidity ratio was 18.2% at September 30, 2025 compared to 17.6% at December 31, 2024. We define our liquidity ratio as net liquid assets (cash, unpledged securities and other marketable assets) as a percentage of our net liabilities (unpledged deposits and borrowings). Our total liquidity ratio, including the $2.5 billion in available lines of credit, was 35.3% as of September 30, 2025. Not included in these ratios are the readily available sources of funds through brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2025, our brokered deposits availability was $1.9 billion per our internal policy.

The amount and timing of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments have not changed materially since December 31, 2024, the detail of w hich is presented in the "Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments" table of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, we are not involved in any legal proceedings that, in our opinion, could have a material effect on our consolidated financial position.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Derivative Financial Instruments

Off-balance sheet arrangements include transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements pursuant to which we have obligations or provide guarantees on behalf of an unconsolidated entity. We have no off-balance sheet arrangements of this kind other than letters of credit and repayment guarantees associated with our trust preferred securities and subordinated debentures.

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. As an element of our risk management strategies, we may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. Derivative financial instruments include futures, forwards, interest rate swaps, options contracts, and other financial instruments with similar characteristics.

We do not engage in significant derivatives activities. However, in 2023 to accommodate customers, we implemented a program whereby we enter into interest rate swaps with certain commercial loan customers, with offsetting positions to dealers under a back-to-back swap program. At September 30, 2025, the Company's derivative financial instruments consisted entirely of customer back-to-back interest rate swaps which are not designated as hedges. Under this program, the Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously economically hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program are not designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings. There have been no material changes from the derivative positions discussed in Note 13 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Capital Resources

There have been no material changes to the treatment of capital resources as discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In addition to the risk-based capital requirements described above, we are subject to a leverage capital requirement, which calls for a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital (as defined above) to quarterly average total assets of 3.00% to 5.00%, depending upon the institution’s composite ratings as determined by its regulators. The Federal Reserve has not advised us of any requirement specifically applicable to us.

At September 30, 2025, as shown in the table below, we were well-capitalized. The capital ratios at September 30, 2025 decreased slightly as compared to 2024 year end ratios. The decreases during the period were driven by loan growth, which carries a higher risk weight than short term investments. The following table presents the capital ratios for the Company and the regulatory minimums discussed above for the periods indicated:


	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		Minimum required
Risk-based capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1 ratio	14.35	%	14.35	%	7.00	%

Tier I capital ratio	15.14	%	15.17	%	8.50	%

Total risk-based capital ratio	16.58	%	16.63	%	10.50	%

Leverage capital ratio:
Tier 1 capital to quarterly average total assets	11.18	%	11.15	%	4.00	%

The Bank is also subject to capital requirements that do not vary materially from the Company’s capital ratios presented above. At September 30, 2025, the Bank exceeded the minimum ratios established by the regulatory authorities.

In addition to regulatory capital ratios, we also closely monitor our ratio of tangible common equity ("TCE") to tangible assets, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. TCE divided by tangible assets excludes the effect of goodwill and other intangible assets, net of related taxes from the GAAP basis total shareholders’ common equity and GAAP basis total assets. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide additional information that is useful to investors in evaluating our performance and may facilitate comparisons with other institutions in the banking industry as well as period-to-period comparisons. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or financial condition as promulgated under GAAP, and investors should consider the Company’s performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, are not audited, and may not be comparable to other similarly titled financial measures used by other companies. Investors should not consider non-GAAP measures in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results or financial condition as reported under GAAP. The TCE ratio was 9.12% at September 30, 2025 compared to 8.22% at December 31, 2024.

The following table reconciles common equity to TCE and provides the calculation of the TCE ratio:


($ in thousands)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Reconciliation of Common Equity to TCE
Total shareholders' common equity	$	1,603,323		$	1,445,611
Less: Goodwill and other intangibles, net of related taxes	(484,623)			(487,660)
TCE	$	1,118,700		$	957,951
Reconciliation of Total Assets to Tangible Assets
Total assets	$	12,750,263		$	12,147,694
Less: Goodwill and other intangibles, net of related taxes	(484,623)			(487,660)
Tangible assets	$	12,265,640		$	11,660,034
TCE divided by Tangible Assets	9.12		%	8.22		%

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Stock Repurchase Plans

In January 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the repurchase of up to $40 million of the Company’s common stock. Any such repurchases would be made pursuant to a plan approved by and containing provisions about the timing, purchase prices and quantities purchased determined by management in its discretion. The Company did not make any such purchases in 2024. The Board of Directors renewed this authorization in January 2025.

The Company did not complete any share repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2025. The dollar value of shares that may yet be repurchased under the program was $39.0 million as of September 30, 2025.

Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and equity prices. The Company’s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk inherent in the normal course of lending and deposit-taking activities. We are also exposed to market risk in our investing activities. We do not have any trading assets or activities.

Interest Rate Risk

Net interest income is our most significant component of earnings and we consider interest rate risk to be our most significant market risk. Our net interest income results from the difference between the yields we earn on our interest-earning assets, primarily loans and investments, and the rates that we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, primarily deposits and borrowings. When interest rates change, the yields we earn on our interest-earning assets and the rates we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities do not necessarily move in tandem with each other because of the difference between their maturities and repricing characteristics and which can negatively impact net interest income.

Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, influence not only the interest we receive on loans and investments and the amount of interest we pay on deposits and borrowings, but such changes could also affect the average duration of our loan portfolio, investment securities and other interest-earning assets.

Our goal is to structure our asset/liability composition to maximize net interest income while managing interest rate risk so as to minimize the adverse impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income and capital in either a rising or declining interest rate environment. Profitability is affected by fluctuations in interest rates. A sudden and substantial change in interest rates may impact our earnings adversely because the interest rates of the underlying assets and liabilities do not change at the same speed, to the same extent or on the same basis.

Interest rate risk is monitored through the use of several complementary modeling tools, primarily earnings simulation modeling, and economic value simulation (net present value estimation). These models measure changes in a variety of interest rate scenarios. While interest rate risk models have limitations, taken together they represent a reasonably comprehensive view of the magnitude of our interest rate risk, the level of risk through time, and the amount of exposure to changes in certain interest rate relationships. Earnings simulation and economic value models are utilized by management on a regular basis as they more effectively measure the cash flow and optionality impacts than does a static gap analysis. From the various model results and our expectations regarding future interest rate movements, the national, regional and local economies, and other financial and business risk factors, we quantify the overall magnitude of interest sensitivity risk and then determine appropriate strategies and practices governing asset growth and pricing, funding sources and pricing, and off-balance sheet commitments.

Earnings Simulation Analysis

We use net interest income simulations which measure the short-term earnings exposure from changes in market rates of interest. The model calculates an earnings estimate based on current and projected balances and rates, incorporating our current financial position with assumptions regarding future business to calculate net interest income under varying hypothetical rate scenarios. This method is subject to the accuracy of the assumptions that underlie the process, but it provides a better analysis of the sensitivity of earnings to changes in interest rates than other analyses, such as the static gap analysis.

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Assumptions used in the model are derived from historical trends and management’s outlook. The model assumes a static balance sheet with cash flows reinvested in similar instruments to maintain the balance sheet levels and current composition. Actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for our balance sheet instruments are input to the model. The model incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the impact of changing interest rates on the prepayment rate of certain assets and liabilities. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, actual results may differ from simulated results.

Different interest rate scenarios and yield curves are used to measure the sensitivity of earnings to changing interest rates in both a "shocked" instantaneous move and a "ramped" move of rates. Interest rates on different asset and liability accounts move differently when the Federal Reserve changes rates and such assumptions are reflected in the different rate scenarios. The model is one tool used by management to evaluate risk and responses to economic changes and does not take into account any future actions that management may take to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes, and it is our strategy to proactively change the volume and mix of our balance sheet in order to mitigate our interest rate risk.

As of September 30, 2025, the net interest income sensitivity indicated an asset sensitive position to net interest income from immediate parallel rate shifts in both rising and falling rates over a one year period with an increase of 4.6% in +200 rate scenario, an increase of 3.8% in +100 rate scenario, a decrease of 2.0% in -100 scenario and a decrease of 4.2% in a -200 rate scenario. These scenarios assume an immediate change in rates and no change in the shape of the yield curve, which as previously described remains relatively flat. Management also evaluates a steepening of the yield curve in rate reduction scenarios. For a -100 rate scenario, net interest income would increase by 1.5% and for a -200 rate scenario, net interest income would decrease by 1.8%. As economic conditions and interest rates change over time, management proactively manages the rates earned on assets and the rates paid on liabilities as well as the mix and volume of our balance sheet. The above scenarios do not reflect the potential actions of management to actively manage net interest margin and earnings.

Assumptions utilized in the net interest income sensitivity analyses are inherently uncertain, and actual results may differ from simulated results.

Economic Value Simulation

Economic value simulation is used to calculate the estimated fair value of assets and liabilities over different interest rate environments. Economic values are calculated based on discounted cash flow analysis. The net economic value of equity is the economic value of all assets minus the economic value of all liabilities assuming a liquidation of the current balance sheet. The change in net economic value over different rate environments is an indication of the longer-term earnings capability of the balance sheet. The same assumptions are generally used in the economic value simulation as in the earnings simulation, including immediate and parallel rate shocks and static assumptions for deposit average decay rate and average lives.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s economic value of equity ("EVE") generally declines in rising rate scenarios and improves in falling rate scenarios. The decline in EVE under a rising rate environment is driven by the composition of the loans and investment portfolios, primarily related to fixed rate loans and fixed rate mortgage-backed securities as compared to a higher proportion of deposits having variable rates. In addition to impacts on market values from changes in interest rates, fixed rate loans and securities tend to prepay more quickly in lower rate environments and prepay more slowly in rising rate environments, leading to impacts on their relative valuation in the EVE calcul ation. As of September 30, 2025, the impact of increasing rates on EVE were -3.0% in +100 rate scenario and -9.9% in +200 rate scenario, compared to +2.5% in -100 rate scenario and +1.4% in -200 rate scenario.

Additional discussion concerning our exposure to interest rate risk is presented in Item 7A of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

Inflation

Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the financial position and operating results to be measured principally in terms of historic dollars without considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation.

Nearly all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature, and as such, changes in interest rates (as discussed above) generally affect the financial condition of the Company to a greater degree than changes in the

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rate of inflation. Although interest rates are influenced by changes in the inflation rate, they do not necessarily change at the same rate or in the same magnitude as the inflation rate. Inflation affects the Company’s results of operations mainly through increased operating costs, and the impact of inflation on banks in general is normally not as significant as its influence on those businesses that have large investments in plant and inventories. We review the pricing of our products and services, as well as our controllable operating and labor costs in light of current and expected costs due to inflation, to mitigate the inflationary impact on financial performance to the extent possible.

Item 4 – Controls and Procedures

Management, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, which are our controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the required time periods. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed is communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this assessment, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025 were effective in allowing timely decisions regarding disclosure to be made about material information required to be included in our periodic reports with the SEC. In addition, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting which has occurred during, or subsequent to, the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

Various legal proceedings may arise in the ordinary course of business and may be pending or threatened against the Company and its subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are involved in any pending legal proceedings that management believes are material to the Company or its consolidated financial position. If an exposure were to be identified, it is the Company’s policy to establish and accrue appropriate reserves during the accounting period in which a loss is deemed to be probable and the amount is determinable.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

Investing in shares of our common stock involves certain risks, including those identified and described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as well as cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q, including those under the caption “Forward-Looking Statements” set forth in the forepart of this Form 10-Q, risks and matters described elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC. There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Refer to the Stock Repurchase Plans section of Management's Discussion and Analysis, which is incorporated by reference into this item.

Item 5 – Other Information

5(c) Trading Arrangements of Section 16 Reporting Persons.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, no person who is required to file reports pursuant to Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to holdings of, and transactions in, the Company’s common shares (i.e. directors and certain officers of the Company) maintained, adopted , modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1(c) arrangement”, as those terms are defined in Section 229.408 of the regulations of the SEC.

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Item 6 - Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed with this report or, as noted, are incorporated by reference. Except as noted below the exhibits identified have Securities and Exchange Commission File No. 000-15572. Management contracts, compensatory plans and arrangements are marked with an asterisk (*).


3.a			Articles of Incorporation of the Company and amendments thereto were filed as Exhibits 3.a.i through 3.a.v to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002 , and are incorporated herein by reference. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 13, 2009 , and are incorporated herein by reference. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 3.1.b to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3D filed on June 29, 2010 (Commission File No. 333-167856) , and are incorporated herein by reference. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 6, 2011 , and are incorporated herein by reference. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 26, 2012 , and are incorporated herein by reference. Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation were filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 14, 2022 , and are incorporated herein by reference.
3.b			Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2018, and are incorporated herein by reference.
4.a			Form of Common Stock Certificate was filed as Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999, and is incorporated herein by reference.
31.1			Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 .
31.2			Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1			Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2			Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101			The following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Copies of exhibits are available upon written request to: First Bancorp, Investor Relations, 101 North Spring Street, Greensboro, North Carolina, 27401.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			FIRST BANCORP

November 7, 2025			BY:/s/ Richard H. Moore
			Richard H. Moore Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), and Director


November 7, 2025			BY:/s/ Elizabeth B. Bostian
			Elizabeth B. Bostian Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


November 7, 2025			BY:/s/ T. Brent Hicks
			T. Brent Hicks Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I. Financial Information Item 1 - Financial Statements Note 1. Organization and Basis Of Presentation Note 2. Securities Note 3. Loans, Allowance For Credit Losses, and Asset Quality Information Note 4. Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Servicing Assets Note 5. Borrowings Note 6. Leases Note 7. Fair Value Of Financial Instruments Note 8. Stock-based Compensation Note 9. Earnings Per Share Note 10. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)Note 11. Revenue From Contracts with Customers Note 12. Segment Reporting Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Consolidated Results Of Operations and Financial Condition Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Item 4 Controls and Procedures Part II. Other Information Item 1 Legal Proceedings Item 1A Risk Factors Item 2 Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds Item 5 Other Information Item 6 - Exhibits

Exhibits

3.b Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company were filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 9, 2018, and are incorporated herein by reference. 31.1 Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 31.2 Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.1 Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2 Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

FBNC 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

Exhibits