WABC 10-Q Quarterly Report Sept. 30, 2025 | Alphaminr
WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION
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WABC 10-Q Quarter ended Sept. 30, 2025

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WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission file number: 001-09383

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

California 94-2156203
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)

1108 FIFTH AVENUE , SAN RAFAEL , California 94901

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code ( 707 ) 863-6000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, no par value

WABC

The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Title of Class Shares outstanding as of October 30, 2025
Common Stock, 24,933,051
No Par Value

-1-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Forward Looking Statements

3

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION 4

Item 1      Financial Statements

4

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

9

Item 2      Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

31

Item 3      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

55

Item 4      Controls and Procedures

55

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1      Legal Proceedings

55

Item 1A   Risk Factors

55

Item 2      Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

55

Item 3      Defaults upon Senior Securities

56

Item 4      Mine Safety Disclosures

56

Item 5      Other Information

56

Item 6      Exhibits

56

Signatures

58

-2-

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, expenses, future credit quality and performance, the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses, loan growth or reduction, mitigation of risk in the Company’s loan and debt securities portfolios, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, stock repurchases, capital structure and other financial items; (ii) statements of plans, objectives and expectations of the Company or its management or board of directors, including those relating to products or services; (iii) statements of future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as "believes", "anticipates", "expects", “estimates”, "intends", "targeted", "projected", “forecast”, "continue", "remain", "will", "should", "may" and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on the current knowledge and belief of the management (“Management”) of Westamerica Bancorporation (the “Company”) and include information concerning the Company’s possible or assumed future financial condition and results of operations. A number of factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s ability to predict or control, could cause future results to differ materially from those contemplated.

These factors include but are not limited to (1) the length and severity of any difficulties in the global, national and California economies and the effects of government efforts to address those difficulties; (2) liquidity levels in capital markets; (3) fluctuations in asset values including, but not limited to stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities; (4) the effect of acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses; (5) economic uncertainty created by civil unrest, terrorist threats and attacks on the United States, the actions taken in response, and the uncertain effect of these events on the local, regional and national economies; (6) changes in the interest rate environment and monetary policy; (7) changes in the regulatory environment; (8) competitive pressure in the banking industry; (9) operational risks including a failure or breach in data processing or security systems or those of third party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber attacks or fraud; (10) volatility of interest rate sensitive loans, deposits and debt securities, particularly the impact of rising interest rates on the Company’s securities portfolio; (11) asset/liability management risks; (12) liquidity risks including the impact of recent adverse developments in the banking industry; (13) the effect of climate change, natural disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, fire, flood, drought, and other disasters, on the uninsured value of the Company’s assets and of loan collateral, the financial condition of debtors and issuers of debt securities, the economic conditions affecting the Company’s market place, and commodities and asset values; (14) changes in the securities markets; (15) the impacts of tariffs, sanctions and trade policies of the United States and its global trading partners and uncertainty regarding the same; (16) inflation, (17) the effects of the on-going federal government shutdown and (18) the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings. However, the reader should not consider the above-mentioned factors to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in this report to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date forward looking statements are made, except as may be required by law. The reader is directed to Part II – Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this report and other risk factors discussed elsewhere in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, for further discussion of factors which could affect the Company's business and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statement made in this report.

-3-

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 Financial Statements

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Assets:

Cash and due from banks

$ 659,268 $ 601,494

Debt securities available for sale

3,305,324 3,395,810

Debt securities held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of

$ 1 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

(Fair value of $ 817,188 at September 30, 2025 and $ 807,838 at December 31, 2024)

826,505 844,634

Loans

741,579 820,300

Allowance for credit losses on loans

( 11,859 ) ( 14,780 )

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses on loans

729,720 805,520

Premises and equipment, net

25,874 26,133

Identifiable intangibles, net

- 125

Goodwill

121,673 121,673

Other assets

246,074 280,885

Total Assets

$ 5,914,438 $ 6,076,274

Liabilities:

Noninterest-bearing deposits

$ 2,214,100 $ 2,333,389

Interest-bearing deposits

2,579,079 2,678,461

Total deposits

4,793,179 5,011,850

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

133,651 120,322

Other liabilities

55,962 54,145

Total Liabilities

4,982,792 5,186,317

Contingencies (Note 10)

Shareholders' Equity:

Common stock and additional paid-in-capital

Common stock (no par value), authorized: 150,000 shares issued and outstanding: 25,107 at September 30, 2025 and 26,708 at December 31, 2024

448,565 476,471

Deferred compensation

35 35

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

( 99,913 ) ( 168,104 )

Retained earnings

582,959 581,555

Total Shareholders' Equity

931,646 889,957

Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

$ 5,914,438 $ 6,076,274

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-4-

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands, except per share data)

Interest and Loan Fee Income:

Loans

$ 10,257 $ 11,441 $ 31,449 $ 34,119

Equity securities

409 388 1,239 1,178

Debt securities available for sale

30,358 40,616 94,376 130,345

Debt securities held to maturity

8,370 8,587 25,312 25,964

Interest-bearing cash

7,840 6,762 21,816 14,006

Total Interest and Loan Fee Income

57,234 67,794 174,192 205,612

Interest Expense:

Deposits

3,453 3,113 9,727 7,679

Bank Term Funding Program borrowings

- 2,278 - 5,813

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

192 254 503 461

Total Interest Expense

3,645 5,645 10,230 13,953

Net Interest and Loan Fee Income

53,589 62,149 163,962 191,659

(Reversal of) Provision for Credit Losses

- - ( 550 ) 300

Net Interest and Loan Fee Income After (Reversal of) Provision

for Credit Losses

53,589 62,149 164,512 191,359

Noninterest Income:

Service charges on deposit accounts

3,317 3,585 10,066 10,524

Merchant processing services

2,860 2,474 8,280 7,714

Debit card fees

1,603 1,702 4,848 4,951

Trust fees

895 846 2,661 2,451

ATM processing fees

483 533 1,428 1,664

Other service fees

448 454 1,327 1,342

Bank owned life insurance gains

- 202 208 202

Other noninterest income

545 2,129 1,969 3,674

Total Noninterest Income

10,151 11,925 30,787 32,522

Noninterest Expense:

Salaries and related benefits

12,387 12,762 36,816 37,831

Occupancy and equipment

5,253 5,256 15,445 15,454

Outsourced data processing services

2,722 2,614 8,128 7,661

Limited partnership operating losses

915 1,210 2,745 4,090

Courier service

738 682 2,113 2,017

Professional fees

643 337 1,424 1,101

Other noninterest expense

3,142 3,448 9,785 10,384

Total Noninterest Expense

25,800 26,309 76,456 78,538

Income Before Income Taxes

37,940 47,765 118,843 145,343

Provision for income taxes

9,677 12,708 30,477 38,407

Net Income

$ 28,263 $ 35,057 $ 88,366 $ 106,936

Average Common Shares Outstanding

25,341 26,685 25,953 26,680

Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding

25,341 26,686 25,953 26,681

Per Common Share Data:

Basic earnings

$ 1.12 $ 1.31 $ 3.40 $ 4.01

Diluted earnings

1.12 1.31 3.40 4.01

Dividends paid

0.46 0.44 1.36 1.32

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-5-

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Net income

$ 28,263 $ 35,057 $ 88,366 $ 106,936

Other comprehensive income:

Changes in net unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale

23,899 98,879 96,812 88,915

Deferred tax expense

( 7,065 ) ( 29,232 ) ( 28,621 ) ( 26,286 )

Changes in net unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale, net of tax

16,834 69,647 68,191 62,629

Total comprehensive income

$ 45,097 $ 104,704 $ 156,557 $ 169,565

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-6-

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

Common

Accumulated

Common

Stock and

Other

Shares

Additional

Deferred

Comprehensive

Retained

Outstanding

Paid-in Capital

Compensation

(Loss) Income

Earnings

Total

(In thousands except dividend per share)

Balance, June 30, 2025

25,587 $ 456,929 $ 35 $ ( 116,747 ) $ 581,566 $ 921,783

Net income for the period

28,263 28,263

Other comprehensive income

16,834 16,834

Exercise of stock options

8 376 376

Stock based compensation

- 200 200

Stock awarded to employees

- 9 9

Excise tax on net common stock

Repurchase

( 239 ) ( 239 )

Retirement of common stock

( 488 ) ( 8,710 ) ( 15,169 ) ( 23,879 )

Dividends ($ 0.46 per share)

( 11,701 ) ( 11,701 )

Balance, September 30, 2025

25,107 $ 448,565 $ 35 $ ( 99,913 ) $ 582,959 $ 931,646

Balance, December 31, 2024

26,708 $ 476,471 $ 35 $ ( 168,104 ) $ 581,555 $ 889,957

Net income for the period

88,366 88,366

Other comprehensive income

68,191 68,191

Exercise of stock options

8 376 376

Restricted stock activity

12 623 623

Stock based compensation

- 800 800

Stock awarded to employees

1 59 59

Excise tax on net common stock

Repurchase

( 802 ) ( 802 )

Retirement of common stock

( 1,622 ) ( 28,962 ) ( 51,489 ) ( 80,451 )

Dividends ($ 1.36 per share)

( 35,473 ) ( 35,473 )

Balance, September 30, 2025

25,107 $ 448,565 $ 35 $ ( 99,913 ) $ 582,959 $ 931,646

Balance, June 30, 2024

26,683 $ 474,583 $ 35 $ ( 197,300 ) $ 538,282 $ 815,600

Net income for the period

35,057 35,057

Other comprehensive income

69,647 69,647

Exercise of stock options

2 95 95

Stock based compensation

- 371 371

Stock awarded to employees

1 12 12

Dividends ($ 0.44 per share)

( 11,742 ) ( 11,742 )

Balance, September 30, 2024

26,686 $ 475,061 $ 35 $ ( 127,653 ) $ 561,597 $ 909,040

Balance, December 31, 2023

26,671 $ 473,136 $ 35 $ ( 190,282 ) $ 490,005 $ 772,894

Net income for the period

106,936 106,936

Other comprehensive income

62,629 62,629

Exercise of stock options

7 298 298

Restricted stock activity

11 505 505

Stock based compensation

- 1,144 1,144

Stock awarded to employees

1 60 60

Retirement of common stocks

( 4 ) ( 82 ) ( 128 ) ( 210 )

Dividends ($ 1.32 per share)

( 35,216 ) ( 35,216 )

Balance, September 30, 2024

26,686 $ 475,061 $ 35 $ ( 127,653 ) $ 561,597 $ 909,040

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-7-

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Operating Activities:

Net income

$ 88,366 $ 106,936

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

6,098 8,237

(Reversal of) credit provision for credit losses

( 550 ) 300

Net amortization of deferred loan cost (fees)

240 ( 354 )

Stock option compensation expense

800 1,144

Bank owned life insurance gains

( 208 ) ( 202 )

Net gain on sale of other assets

- ( 1,367 )

Income taxes payable (receivable)

3,744 ( 6,027 )

Net changes in:

Interest income receivable

5,222 6,441

Equity securities held for trading

90 -

Other assets

( 644 ) ( 711 )

Net deferred tax asset

4,212 1,679

Interest expense payable

138 141

Other liabilities

( 12,179 ) ( 4,418 )

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

95,329 111,799

Investing Activities:

Net repayments of loans

75,611 31,140

Purchases of debt securities available for sale

( 393,826 ) ( 13,636 )

Proceeds from maturity/calls of debt securities available for sale

579,372 515,196

Proceeds from maturity/calls of debt securities held to maturity

22,894 32,792

Proceeds from bank owned life insurance policies

904 1,059

Proceeds from sale of other assets

- 5,378

Purchases of premises and equipment

( 1,620 ) ( 1,077 )

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities

283,335 570,852

Financing Activities:

Net change in deposits

( 218,671 ) ( 409,217 )

Net change in short-term borrowings

13,329 74,325

Exercise of stock options

376 298

Retirement of common stock

( 80,451 ) ( 210 )

Common stock dividends paid

( 35,473 ) ( 35,216 )

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

( 320,890 ) ( 370,020 )

Net Change In Cash and Due from Banks

57,774 312,631

Cash and Due from Banks at Beginning of Period

601,494 190,314

Cash and Due from Banks at End of Period

$ 659,268 $ 502,945

Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:

Supplemental disclosure of non cash activities:

Right-of-use assets acquired in exchange for operating lease liabilities

$ 8,895 $ 4,553

Securities purchases pending settlement

4,298 -
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activities:

Cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities

4,899 4,888

Interest paid for the period

10,092 13,812

Income tax payments for the period

22,520 42,755

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-8-

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and follow general practices within the banking industry. The results of operations reflect interim adjustments, all of which are of a normal recurring nature and which, in the opinion of Management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The interim results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as well as other information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Note 2: Accounting Policies

The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes and in this discussion, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Based on the valuation techniques used and the sensitivity of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions, and estimates underlying those amounts, it is reasonably possible conditions could change materially affecting results of operations and financial conditions. Certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I – Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 may cause actual future results to differ materially from the results discussed in this report on Form 10-Q.

Management continues to evaluate the impacts of inflation, the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, the impacts of tariffs, international trade tensions, and climate changes on the Company’s business. The banking industry could experience significant volatility as it did with several regional bank failures in 2023. Industrywide concerns could develop related to liquidity, deposit outflows and unrealized losses on debt securities. These recent events and concerns could adversely affect the Company’s ability to effectively fund its operations. Any one or a combination of such risk factors, or other factors, could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The extent of the impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, and financial performance, as well as the Company’s ability to execute near- and long-term business strategies and initiatives, will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted. Furthermore, the effects could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and heighten many of the risk factors discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Application of accounting principles requires the Company to make certain estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments. Certain accounting policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants a writedown or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. Fair value is generally determined based on an exit price at which an asset or liability could be exchanged in a current transaction, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market prices or are provided by other third-party sources, when available. Certain amounts in previous periods have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.

Debt Securities. Debt securities consist of securities of government sponsored entities, states, counties, municipalities, corporations, agency mortgage-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations. Securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. The Company classifies its debt securities in one of three categories: trading, available for sale or held to maturity. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Trading securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net income. Held to maturity debt securities are those securities which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held to maturity debt securities are recorded at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums or accretion of discounts. Securities not included in trading or held to maturity are classified as available for sale debt securities. Available for sale debt securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale debt securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Accrued interest is recorded within other assets and reversed against interest income if it is not received.

-9-

The Company utilizes third-party sources to value its investment securities; securities individually valued using quoted prices in active markets are classified as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy, and securities valued using quoted prices in active markets for similar securities (commonly referred to as “matrix” pricing) are classified as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy. The Company validates the reliability of third-party provided values by comparing individual security pricing for securities between more than one third-party source. When third-party information is not available, valuation adjustments are estimated in good faith by Management and classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company follows the guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Agencies” (SR 12-15) and other regulatory guidance when performing investment security pre-purchase analysis or evaluating investment securities for credit loss. Credit ratings issued by recognized rating agencies are considered in the Company’s analysis only as a guide to the historical default rate associated with similarly-rated bonds.

To the extent that debt securities in the held-to-maturity portfolio share common risk characteristics, estimated expected credit losses are calculated in a manner like that used for loans held for investment. That is, for pools of such securities with common risk characteristics, the historical lifetime probability of default and severity of loss in the event of default is derived or obtained from external sources and adjusted for the expected effects of reasonable and supportable forecasts over the expected lives of the securities on those historical credit losses. Expected credit loss on each security in the held-to-maturity portfolio that does not share common risk characteristics with any of the pools of debt securities is individually evaluated and a reserve for credit losses is established based on the Company’s consideration of the history of credit losses, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, which may indicate that the expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is or continues to be zero. Therefore, for those securities, the Company does not record expected credit losses.

Available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for credit related loss at least quarterly. For available for sale debt securities, a decline in fair value due to credit loss results in recording an allowance for credit losses to the extent the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Declines in fair value that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses, such as declines due to changes in market interest rates, are recorded through other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Although these evaluations involve significant judgment, an unrealized loss in the fair value of a debt security is generally considered to not be related to credit when the fair value of the security is below the carrying value primarily due to changes in risk-free interest rates, there has not been significant deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer, and the Company does not intend to sell nor does it believe it will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its cost basis.

If the Company intends to sell a debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged against the allowance for credit losses with any incremental loss reported in earnings.

Purchase premiums are amortized to the earliest call date and purchase discounts are amortized to maturity as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Unamortized premiums, unaccreted discounts, and early payment premiums are recognized as a component of gain or loss on sale upon disposition of the related security. Interest and dividend income are recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available for sale debt securities are included in earnings using the specific identification method.

Loans. Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned discount and unamortized deferred fees and costs. Interest is accrued daily on the outstanding principal balances and included in other assets. Loans which are more than 90 days delinquent with respect to interest or principal, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection, and other loans on which full recovery of principal or interest is in doubt, are placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued on loans placed on nonaccrual status is charged against interest income. In addition, some loans secured by real estate and commercial loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties are placed on nonaccrual status even though the borrowers continue to repay the loans as scheduled. When the ability to fully collect nonaccrual loan principal is in doubt, payments received are applied against the principal balance of the loans on a cost-recovery method until such time as full collection of the remaining recorded balance is expected. Any additional interest payments received after that time are recorded as interest income on a cash basis. Nonaccrual loans are reinstated to accrual status when none of the loan’s principal and interest is past due and improvements in credit quality eliminate doubt as to the full collectability of both principal and interest, or the loan otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Certain consumer loans or auto receivables are charged off against the allowance for credit losses when they become 120 days past due.

-10-

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company extends loans to commercial and consumer customers primarily in Northern and Central California. These lending activities expose the Company to the risk borrowers will default, causing loan losses. The Company’s lending activities are exposed to various qualitative risks. All loan segments are exposed to risks inherent in the economy and market conditions. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial loan segment include the borrowers’ business performance and financial condition, and the value of collateral for secured loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial real estate segment include the borrowers’ business performance and the value of properties collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the construction loan segment include the borrowers’ performance in successfully developing the real estate into the intended purpose and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the residential real estate segment include the borrowers’ financial wherewithal to service the mortgages and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the consumer loan segment include the financial condition of the borrowers and the value of collateral securing the loans.

The preparation of the financial statements requires Management to estimate the amount of expected losses over the expected contractual life of the Bank’s existing loan portfolio and establish an allowance for credit losses. Loan agreements generally include a maturity date, and the Company considers the contractual life of a loan agreement to extend from the date of origination to the contractual maturity date. In estimating credit losses, Management must exercise significant judgment in evaluating information deemed relevant. The amount of ultimate losses on the loan portfolio can vary from the estimated amounts. Management follows a systematic methodology to estimate loss potential in an effort to reduce the differences between estimated and actual losses.

The allowance for credit losses is established through provisions for credit losses charged to income. Losses on loans are charged to the allowance for credit losses when all or a portion of the recorded amount of a loan is deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are credited to the allowance when realized. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected losses based on historical loss rates adjusted for current and expected conditions over a forecast period. These include conditions unique to individual borrowers, as well as overall credit loss experience, the amount of past due, nonperforming and classified loans, recommendations of regulatory authorities, prevailing economic conditions, or credit protection agreements and other factors.

Loans that share common risk characteristics are segregated into pools based on common characteristics, which is primarily determined by loan, borrower, or collateral type. Historical loss rates are determined for each pool. For consumer installment loans, primarily secured by automobiles, historical loss rates are determined using a vintage methodology, which tracks losses based on period of origination. For commercial, construction, and commercial real estate, historical loss rates are determined using an open pool methodology where losses are tracked over time for all loans included in the pool at the historical measurement date. Historical loss rates are adjusted for factors that are not reflected in the historical loss rates that are attributable to national or local economic or industry trends which have occurred but have not yet been recognized in past loan charge-off history, estimated losses based on management’s reasonable and supportable expectation of economic trends over a forecast horizon of up to two years, and other factors that impact credit loss expectations that are not reflected in the historical loss rates. Other factors include, but are not limited to, the effectiveness of the Company’s loan review system, adequacy of lending Management and staff, loan policies and procedures, problem loan trends, and concentrations of credit. At the end of the two-year forecast period loss rates revert immediately to the historical loss rates. The results of this analysis are applied to the amortized cost of the loans included within each pool.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans in the pools are evaluated individually. A loan is considered “collateral-dependent” when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. A credit loss reserve for collateral-dependent loans is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for costs to sell. For other individually evaluated loans that are not collateral dependent, a credit loss reserve is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The impact of an expected modification to be made to loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is included in the allowance for credit losses when management determines such modification is likely.

Accrued interest is excluded from the estimation of expected credit loss. Accrued interest is reversed through interest income when amounts are determined to be uncollectible, which generally occurs when the underlying receivable is placed on nonaccrual status or charged off.

-11-

Equity Securities. Equity securities consist of marketable equity securities, mutual funds and nonmarketable equity securities. Dividends are recognized in interest income. Unrealized and realized gains and losses are included in noninterest income. Marketable equity securities and mutual funds are recorded at fair value. Certain equity securities are held for trading.

Nonmarketable equity securities include securities that are not publicly traded, such as Visa Class B-1 common stock, and securities acquired to meet regulatory requirements, such as Federal Reserve Bank stock, which are restricted. These restricted securities are accounted for under the cost method. The Company reviews those assets accounted for under the cost method at least quarterly. The Company’s review typically includes an analysis of the facts and circumstances of each investment, the expectations for the investment’s cash flows and capital needs, the viability of its business model and any exit strategy. When the review indicates that impairment exists the asset value is reduced to fair value. The Company recognizes the estimated loss in noninterest income. See Note 7 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to nonmarketable equity securities.

Liability for Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. Off-balance sheet credit exposures relate to letters of credit and unfunded loan commitments for commercial, construction and consumer loans. The Company maintains a separate allowance for credit losses from off-balance sheet credit exposures, which is included within other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition. Increases or reductions to the Company’s allowance for credit losses from off-balance sheet credit exposures are recorded in other expenses. Management estimates the amount of expected losses by estimating expected usage exposures that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company and applying the loss factors used in the allowance for credit loss methodology to estimate the liability for credit losses related to unfunded commitments. No credit loss estimate is reported for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company or for undrawn amounts under such arrangements that may be drawn prior to the cancellation of the arrangement.

Operating Segments. While the chief decision maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

FASB ASU 2023-07 , Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , was issued November 27, 2023. The ASU requires disclosure of certain significant segment expenses and other items, the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and information about how the reported measures of segment profit or loss are used in assessing segment performance. The ASU became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

FASB ASU 2023-09 , Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , was issued December 14, 2023. The ASU enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU primarily requires additional disclosures as part of the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to statutory tax rate, the amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, and income tax expense disaggregated between federal and state jurisdictions. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied prospectively, with retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

FASB ASU 2024-03 , Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses , was issued November 4, 2024. The amendments are intended to improve income statement expense disclosure requirement, primarily through enhanced disclosures about certain costs and expenses included in income statement expense captions. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amendments on our financial statement disclosures upon adoption.

-12-

Note 3: Debt Securities Available for Sale and Held to Maturity

The Company uses its debt securities portfolio to manage interest rate risk, provide liquidity (including the ability to meet regulatory requirements), generate interest and dividend income, and as collateral for public deposits and wholesale funding sources. The Company’s debt securities portfolio includes debt securities classified as held to maturity and available for sale. While the Company intends to hold its debt securities to maturity, it may sell debt securities available for sale in response to structural changes in the balance sheet and related interest rate risk and to meet liquidity requirements, among other factors.

Debt securities available for sale are carried at fair value with net unrealized gains (losses) reported on an after-tax basis as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Debt securities held to maturity are carried at amortized cost. The following tables provide an analysis of the amortized cost and fair value by major categories of debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity before allowance for credit losses of $ 1 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In accordance with GAAP, unrealized gains and losses on held to maturity securities have not been recognized in the Company’s financial statements.

At September 30, 2025

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

Cost

Gains

Losses

Value

(In thousands)

Debt securities available for sale:

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("MBS")

$ 203,929 $ 6 $ ( 11,445 ) $ 192,490

Agency commercial MBS

398,586 788 ( 2,210 ) 397,164

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

313,025 55 ( 7,888 ) 305,192

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

52,418 8 ( 573 ) 51,853

Corporate securities

1,917,181 - ( 119,619 ) 1,797,562

Collateralized loan obligations

562,034 512 ( 1,483 ) 561,063

Total debt securities available for sale

3,447,173 1,369 ( 143,218 ) 3,305,324

Debt securities held to maturity:

Agency residential MBS

46,433 26 ( 2,566 ) 43,893

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

39,528 15 ( 45 ) 39,498

Corporate securities

740,545 2,576 ( 9,324 ) 733,797

Total debt securities held to maturity

826,506 2,617 ( 11,935 ) 817,188

Total

$ 4,273,679 $ 3,986 $ ( 155,153 ) $ 4,122,512

At December 31, 2024

Gross

Gross

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

Cost

Gains

Losses

Value

(In thousands)

Debt securities available for sale:

Agency residential MBS

$ 229,050 $ 1 $ ( 17,991 ) $ 211,060

Agency commercial MBS

7,098 - ( 132 ) 6,966

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

311,201 1 ( 19,085 ) 292,117

U.S. Treasury securities

4,945 10 - 4,955

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

63,878 9 ( 1,701 ) 62,186

Corporate securities

2,031,144 127 ( 195,334 ) 1,835,937

Collateralized loan obligations

987,155 642 ( 5,208 ) 982,589

Total debt securities available for sale

3,634,471 790 ( 239,451 ) 3,395,810

Debt securities held to maturity:

Agency residential MBS

57,927 23 ( 4,218 ) 53,732

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

51,261 12 ( 377 ) 50,896

Corporate securities

735,447 - ( 32,237 ) 703,210

Total debt securities held to maturity

844,635 35 ( 36,832 ) 807,838

Total

$ 4,479,106 $ 825 $ ( 276,283 ) $ 4,203,648

-13-

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following tables at the dates indicated:

At September 30, 2025

Debt Securities Available

Debt Securities Held

for Sale

to Maturity

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

Cost

Value

(In thousands)

Maturity in years:

1 year or less

$ 168,382 $ 167,424 $ 29,562 $ 29,535

Over 1 to 5 years

1,234,938 1,183,538 411,838 413,990

Over 5 to 10 years

879,304 803,645 338,673 329,770

Subtotal

2,282,624 2,154,607 780,073 773,295

Collateralized loan obligations

562,034 561,063 - -

Agency residential MBS

203,929 192,490 46,433 43,893

Agency commercial MBS

398,586 397,164 - -

Total

$ 3,447,173 $ 3,305,324 $ 826,506 $ 817,188

At December 31, 2024

Debt Securities Available

Debt Securities Held

for Sale

to Maturity

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

Cost

Value

(In thousands)

Maturity in years:

1 year or less

$ 124,667 $ 124,448 $ 13,508 $ 13,468

Over 1 to 5 years

993,874 940,578 347,566 342,500

Over 5 to 10 years

1,292,627 1,130,169 425,634 398,138

Subtotal

2,411,168 2,195,195 786,708 754,106

Collateralized loan obligations

987,155 982,589 - -

Agency residential MBS

229,050 211,060 57,927 53,732

Agency commercial MBS

7,098 6,966 - -

Total

$ 3,634,471 $ 3,395,810 $ 844,635 $ 807,838

Expected amortizing principal payments of collateralized loan obligations can differ from actual cash flows because the securities can be called and paid-off. Expected maturities of mortgage-related securities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. In addition, such factors as prepayments and interest rates may affect the yield on the carrying value of mortgage-related securities.

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-14-

An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

Debt Securities Available for Sale

At September 30, 2025

No. of

Less than 12 months

No. of

12 months or longer

No. of

Total

Investment

Unrealized

Investment

Unrealized

Investment

Unrealized

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

($ in thousands)

Agency residential MBS

5 $ 18,550 $ ( 337 ) 104 $ 173,381 $ ( 11,108 ) 109 $ 191,931 $ ( 11,445 )

Agency commercial MBS

33 233,147 ( 2,210 ) - - - 33 233,147 ( 2,210 )

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

- - - 19 288,409 ( 7,888 ) 19 288,409 ( 7,888 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 1 1,311 ( 2 ) 30 40,371 ( 571 ) 31 41,682 ( 573 )

Corporate securities

- - - 129 1,796,562 ( 119,619 ) 129 1,796,562 ( 119,619 )

Collateralized loan obligations

3 25,645 ( 78 ) 9 84,308 ( 1,405 ) 12 109,953 ( 1,483 )

Total

42 $ 278,653 $ ( 2,627 ) 291 $ 2,383,031 $ ( 140,591 ) 333 $ 2,661,684 $ ( 143,218 )

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

Debt Securities Held to Maturity

At September 30, 2025

No. of

Less than 12 months

No. of

12 months or longer

No. of

Total

Investment

Unrecognized

Investment

Unrecognized

Investment

Unrecognized

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

($ in thousands)

Agency residential MBS

- $ - $ - 63 $ 42,819 $ ( 2,566 ) 63 $ 42,819 $ ( 2,566 )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 1 365 - 20 18,465 ( 45 ) 21 18,830 ( 45 )

Corporate securities

2 4,705 ( 9 ) 27 373,660 ( 9,315 ) 29 378,365 ( 9,324 )

Total

3 $ 5,070 $ ( 9 ) 110 $ 434,944 $ ( 11,926 ) 113 $ 440,014 $ ( 11,935 )

Based upon the Company’s September 30, 2025 evaluation, the unrealized losses on debt securities were caused by market conditions for these types of securities. Market interest rates are currently higher than the book yield of the securities, causing declines in bond values generally. The Company continually monitors interest rate changes, risk premium spread changes, credit rating changes for issuers of bonds owned, collateralized loan obligations’ collateral levels, and corporate bond issuers’ common stock price changes. All collateralized loan obligations, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and corporate securities were investment grade rated at September 30, 2025.

The Company does not intend to sell any debt securities available for sale with a material unrealized loss and has concluded that it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the debt securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

The Company evaluates held to maturity corporate debt securities individually, monitoring each issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows and credit rating agency conclusions. The Company has evaluated each issuer’s historical financial performance and ability to service debt payments, including throughout and following the 2008-2009 recession. The Company has an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis continues to be zero.

The fair values of debt securities could decline in the future if market interest rates rise, the general economy deteriorates, inflation increases, credit ratings decline, the issuers’ financial condition deteriorates, or the liquidity for debt securities declines. As a result, significant credit losses on debt securities may occur in the future.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s debt securities pledged had a carrying value of $ 1,858,958 thousand and $ 2,049,954 thousand, respectively, primarily to secure public deposits, Federal Reserve Bank borrowings and securities sold under repurchase agreements.

-15-

An analysis of the gross unrealized losses of the debt securities available for sale portfolio follows:

Debt Securities Available for Sale

At December 31, 2024

No. of

Less than 12 months

No. of

12 months or longer

No. of

Total

Investment

Unrealized

Investment

Unrealized

Investment

Unrealized

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

($ in thousands)

Agency residential MBS

12 $ 18,030 $ ( 471 ) 103 $ 192,963 $ ( 17,520 ) 115 $ 210,993 $ ( 17,991 )

Agency commercial MBS

2 6,966 ( 132 ) - - - 2 6,966 ( 132 )

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

3 12,085 ( 53 ) 19 275,467 ( 19,032 ) 22 287,552 ( 19,085 )
Obligations of states
and political
subdivisions 		2 2,764 ( 21 ) 40 51,759 ( 1,680 ) 42 54,523 ( 1,701 )

Corporate securities

- - - 138 1,824,327 ( 195,334 ) 138 1,824,327 ( 195,334 )

Collateralized loan
obligations

3 26,825 ( 15 ) 32 309,249 ( 5,193 ) 35 336,074 ( 5,208 )

Total

22 $ 66,670 $ ( 692 ) 332 $ 2,653,765 $ ( 238,759 ) 354 $ 2,720,435 $ ( 239,451 )

An analysis of gross unrecognized losses of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio follows:

Debt Securities Held to Maturity

At December 31, 2024

No. of

Less than 12 months

No. of

12 months or longer

No. of

Total

Investment

Unrecognized

Investment

Unrecognized

Investment

Unrecognized

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

Positions

Fair Value

Losses

($ in thousands)

Agency residential MBS

- $ - $ - 80 $ 52,771 $ ( 4,218 ) 80 $ 52,771 $ ( 4,218 )

Obligations of states
and political
subdivisions

24 15,822 ( 78 ) 26 25,814 ( 299 ) 50 41,636 ( 377 )

Corporate securities

23 251,790 ( 4,230 ) 35 451,420 ( 28,007 ) 58 703,210 ( 32,237 )

Total

47 $ 267,612 $ ( 4,308 ) 141 $ 530,005 $ ( 32,524 ) 188 $ 797,617 $ ( 36,832 )

The Company evaluates debt securities on a quarterly basis including changes in security ratings issued by rating agencies, changes in the financial condition of the issuer, collateral levels and, for mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, delinquency and loss information with respect to the underlying collateral, changes in the levels of subordination for the Company’s particular position within the repayment structure and remaining credit enhancement as compared to expected credit losses of the security. In addition to monitoring credit rating agency evaluations, Management performs its own evaluations regarding the credit worthiness of the issuer or the securitized assets underlying asset backed securities.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held to maturity:

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Beginning balance

$ 1 $ 1

Provision

- -

Chargeoffs

- -

Recoveries

- -

Total ending balance

$ 1 $ 1

Agency mortgage-backed securities were assigned no credit loss allowance due to the perceived backing of government sponsored entities. Municipal securities were evaluated for risk of default based on credit rating and remaining term to maturity using Moody’s risk of default factors; Moody’s loss upon default factors were applied to the assumed defaulted principal amounts to estimate the amount for credit loss allowance. Corporate securities held to maturity were individually evaluated for expected credit loss by evaluating the issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows, and credit ratings. At September 30, 2025, no credit loss allowance was assigned to corporate securities held to maturity.

-16-

The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held to maturity at September 30, 2025, aggregated by credit rating:

Credit Risk Profile by Credit Rating

At September 30, 2025

AAA/AA/A

BBB+/BBB

Not Rated

Total

(In thousands)

Agency residential MBS

$ 45,984 $ - $ 449 $ 46,433

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

39,528 - - 39,528

Corporate securities

557,363 183,182 - 740,545

Total

$ 642,875 $ 183,182 $ 449 $ 826,506

There were no debt securities held to maturity on nonaccrual status or past due 30 days or more as of September 30, 2025.

The following table provides information about the amount of interest income earned on investment securities which is fully taxable and which is exempt from federal income tax:

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Taxable

$ 38,402 $ 48,699 $ 118,529 $ 154,648

Tax-exempt from federal income tax

735 892 2,398 2,839

Total interest income from investment securities

$ 39,137 $ 49,591 $ 120,927 $ 157,487

Note 4: Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses and Other Real Estate Owned

A summary of the major categories of loans outstanding is shown in the following tables at the dates indicated:

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Commercial

$ 113,840 $ 127,276

Commercial real estate

489,384 507,900

Construction

- 5,064

Residential real estate

7,517 8,274

Consumer installment & other

130,838 171,786

Total

$ 741,579 $ 820,300

The following summarizes activity in the allowance for credit losses:

Allowance for Credit Losses

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 5,549 $ 6,174 $ - $ 24 $ 2,040 $ 13,787

Provision (reversal)

123 ( 295 ) - ( 6 ) 178 -

Chargeoffs

( 1,559 ) - - - ( 912 ) ( 2,471 )

Recoveries

36 13 - - 494 543

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,149 $ 5,892 $ - $ 18 $ 1,800 $ 11,859

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-17-

Allowance for Credit Losses

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 4,197 $ 6,034 $ 247 $ 22 $ 4,280 $ 14,780

Provision (reversal)

1,239 9 ( 247 ) ( 4 ) ( 1,547 ) ( 550 )

Chargeoffs

( 1,597 ) ( 191 ) - - ( 3,361 ) ( 5,149 )

Recoveries

310 40 - - 2,428 2,778

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,149 $ 5,892 $ - $ 18 $ 1,800 $ 11,859

The allowance for credit losses for commercial real estate loans decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily due to lower commercial real loan balances resulting in a decrease in estimated credit losses over the remaining life of such loans. The allowance for credit losses for consumer installment and other loans decreased in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily due to a decrease in estimated future credit losses based on improved delinquency and net charge-off trends and declining loan balances, primarily indirect auto loans. The chargeoffs for commercial loans increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily due to a $ 1,559 thousand chargeoff on an individually evaluated loan.

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 3,896 $ 5,922 $ 243 $ 24 $ 5,867 $ 15,952

Provision (reversal)

182 100 3 ( 2 ) ( 283 ) -

Chargeoffs

( 109 ) - - - ( 1,549 ) ( 1,658 )

Recoveries

41 14 - - 969 1,024

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,010 $ 6,036 $ 246 $ 22 $ 5,004 $ 15,318

Allowance for Credit Losses

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 4,216 $ 5,925 $ 245 $ 26 $ 6,455 $ 16,867

(Reversal) provision

( 133 ) ( 80 ) 1 ( 4 ) 516 300

Chargeoffs

( 137 ) - - - ( 5,065 ) ( 5,202 )

Recoveries

64 191 - - 3,098 3,353

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,010 $ 6,036 $ 246 $ 22 $ 5,004 $ 15,318

The Company’s customers are primarily small businesses, professionals and consumers. Given the scale of these borrowers, corporate credit rating agencies do not evaluate the borrowers’ financial condition. The Bank maintains a Loan Review Department which reports directly to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The Loan Review Department performs independent evaluations of loans and validates management assigned credit risk grades on evaluated loans using grading standards employed by bank regulatory agencies. Loans judged to carry lower-risk attributes are assigned a “pass” grade, with a minimal likelihood of loss. Loans judged to carry higher-risk attributes are referred to as “classified loans,” and are further disaggregated, with increasing expectations for loss recognition, as “substandard,” “doubtful,” and “loss.” The Loan Review Department performs continuous evaluations throughout the year. If the Bank becomes aware of deterioration in a borrower’s performance or financial condition between Loan Review Department examinations, assigned risk grades are re-evaluated promptly. Credit risk grades assigned by management and validated by the Loan Review Department are subject to review by the Bank’s regulatory authorities during regulatory examinations.

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-18-

The following summarizes the credit risk profile by internally assigned grade:

Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade

At September 30, 2025

Commercial

Commercial Real Estate

Construction

Residential Real Estate

Consumer Installment and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Grade:

Pass

$ 111,268 $ 480,675 $ - $ 7,312 $ 128,855 $ 728,110

Substandard

1,144 8,709 - 205 1,539 11,597

Doubtful

1,428 - - - 64 1,492

Loss

- - - - 380 380

Total

$ 113,840 $ 489,384 $ - $ 7,517 $ 130,838 $ 741,579

Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade

At December 31, 2024

Commercial

Commercial Real Estate

Construction

Residential Real Estate

Consumer Installment and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Grade:

Pass

$ 122,958 $ 489,522 $ - $ 7,984 $ 169,251 $ 789,715

Substandard

4,318 18,378 5,064 290 1,817 29,867

Doubtful

- - - - 192 192

Loss

- - - - 526 526

Total

$ 127,276 $ 507,900 $ 5,064 $ 8,274 $ 171,786 $ 820,300

The following tables summarize loans by delinquency and nonaccrual status:

Summary of Loans by Delinquency and Nonaccrual Status

At September 30, 2025

Current and Accruing

30-59 Days Past Due and Accruing

60-89 Days Past Due and Accruing

Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing

Nonaccrual

Total Loans

(In thousands)

Commercial

$ 112,164 $ 96 $ 151 $ - $ 1,429 $ 113,840

Commercial real estate

487,884 582 - - 918 489,384

Construction

- - - - - -

Residential real estate

7,517 - - - - 7,517

Consumer installment and other

128,185 1,785 571 297 - 130,838

Total

$ 735,750 $ 2,463 $ 722 $ 297 $ 2,347 $ 741,579

Summary of Loans by Delinquency and Nonaccrual Status

At December 31, 2024

Current and Accruing

30-59 Days Past Due and Accruing

60-89 Days Past Due and Accruing

Past Due 90 Days or More and Accruing

Nonaccrual

Total Loans

(In thousands)

Commercial

$ 126,538 $ 700 $ 28 $ - $ 10 $ 127,276

Commercial real estate

506,588 1,121 - - 191 507,900

Construction

5,064 - - - - 5,064

Residential real estate

8,274 - - - - 8,274

Consumer installment and other

166,875 3,493 884 534 - 171,786

Total

$ 813,339 $ 5,314 $ 912 $ 534 $ 201 $ 820,300

At September 30, 2025, $ 700 thousand was allocated as allowance for credit losses to one loan with a carrying balance of $ 700 thousand on nonaccrual status. There was no allowance for credit losses allocated to loans on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2024.

There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

-19-

There were no loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. Loans considered collateral dependent are reassessed quarterly. Loans that were considered collateral dependent at September 30, 2025 included the following: six commercial real estate loans totaling $ 8.0 million secured by real property, one $ 199 thousand commercial loan secured by real property and $ 246 thousand of indirect consumer installment loans secured by personal property. There were no other collateral dependent loans at September 30, 2025. Loans that were considered collateral dependent at December 31, 2024 included the following: nine commercial real estate loans totaling $ 17.6 million secured by real property and $ 503 thousand of indirect consumer installment loans secured by personal property. There were no other collateral dependent loans at December 31, 2024.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows:

At September 30, 2025

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial loans by grade:

Pass

$ 21,365 $ 4,952 $ 9,250 $ 7,368 $ 17,112 $ 28,122 $ 88,169 $ 23,099 $ 111,268

Substandard

215 - - - - 515 730 414 1,144

Doubtful

- - - - - 728 728 700 1,428

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 21,580 $ 4,952 $ 9,250 $ 7,368 $ 17,112 $ 29,365 $ 89,627 $ 24,213 $ 113,840

Current gross chargeoffs on commercial loans:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025

$ - $ 1,559 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,559 $ - $ 1,559

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025

- 1,559 - 5 - - 1,564 33 1,597

At December 31, 2024

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial loans by grade:

Pass

$ 18,752 $ 8,542 $ 18,539 $ 12,388 $ 14,776 $ 19,399 $ 92,396 $ 30,562 $ 122,958

Substandard

266 - 2,835 - - - 3,101 1,217 4,318

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 19,018 $ 8,542 $ 21,374 $ 12,388 $ 14,776 $ 19,399 $ 95,497 $ 31,779 $ 127,276

Current gross chargeoffs on commercial loans:

For the year ended December 31, 2024

$ 59 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 59 $ 224 $ 283

At September 30, 2025

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial real estate loans by grade:

Pass

$ 220,763 $ 56,562 $ 46,909 $ 41,358 $ 69,894 $ 45,189 $ 480,675 $ - $ 480,675

Substandard

7,620 - 919 - - 170 8,709 - 8,709

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 228,383 $ 56,562 $ 47,828 $ 41,358 $ 69,894 $ 45,359 $ 489,384 $ - $ 489,384

Current gross chargeoffs on commercial real estate loans:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025

191 - - - - - 191 - 191

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-20-

At December 31, 2024

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial real estate loans by grade:

Pass

$ 197,160 $ 65,384 $ 63,697 $ 49,117 $ 43,091 $ 71,073 $ 489,522 $ - $ 489,522

Substandard

17,409 969 - - - - 18,378 - 18,378

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 214,569 $ 66,353 $ 63,697 $ 49,117 $ 43,091 $ 71,073 $ 507,900 $ - $ 507,900

Current gross chargeoffs on commercial real estate loans:

For the year ended December 31, 2024

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

At September 30, 2025

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Residential real estate loans by grade:

Pass

$ 7,312 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 7,312 $ - $ 7,312

Substandard

205 - - - - - 205 - 205

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 7,517 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 7,517 $ - $ 7,517

Current gross chargeoffs on residential real estate loans:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025

- - - - - - - - -

At December 31, 2024

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Residential real estate loans by grade:

Pass

$ 7,984 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 7,984 $ - $ 7,984

Substandard

290 - - - - - 290 - 290

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 8,274 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 8,274 $ - $ 8,274

Current gross chargeoffs on residential real estate loans:

For the year ended December 31, 2024

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

At September 30, 2025

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Construction loans by grade:

Pass

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Substandard

- - - - - - - - -

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Current gross chargeoffs on construction loans:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025

- - - - - - - - -

At December 31, 2024

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Construction loans by grade:

Pass

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Substandard

- - - - - - - 5,064 5,064

Doubtful

- - - - - - - - -

Loss

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 5,064 $ 5,064

Current gross chargeoffs on construction loans:

For the year ended December 31, 2024

$ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

-21-

The Company considers the delinquency and nonaccrual status of the consumer loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the amortized cost in consumer installment and other loans based on delinquency and nonaccrual status:

At September 30, 2025

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Consumer installment and other loans by delinquency and nonaccrual status:

Current

$ 8,266 $ 21,397 $ 34,756 $ 19,757 $ 18,764 $ 11,198 $ 114,138 $ 14,047 $ 128,185

30-59 days past due

202 534 553 247 105 100 1,741 44 1,785

60-89 days past due

29 90 181 100 156 - 556 15 571

Past due 90 days or more

33 75 102 - 36 - 246 51 297

Nonaccrual

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 8,530 $ 22,096 $ 35,592 $ 20,104 $ 19,061 $ 11,298 $ 116,681 $ 14,157 $ 130,838

Current gross chargeoffs on consumer installment and other loans:

For the three months ended September 30, 2025

$ 86 $ 68 $ 334 $ 199 $ 161 $ 5 $ 853 $ 59 $ 912

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025

216 595 1,228 565 612 5 3,221 140 3,361

At December 31, 2024

Line of

Credit

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

Total

Amortized

Prior

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Term Loans

Cost Basis

Total

(In thousands)

Consumer installment and other loans by delinquency and nonaccrual status:

Current

$ 6,068 $ 12,464 $ 32,608 $ 48,694 $ 26,805 $ 24,522 $ 151,161 $ 15,714 $ 166,875

30-59 days past due

173 201 949 1,392 385 263 3,363 130 3,493

60-89 days past due

33 36 184 256 91 120 720 164 884

Past due 90 days or more

- 38 129 200 149 - 516 18 534

Nonaccrual

- - - - - - - - -

Total

$ 6,274 $ 12,739 $ 33,870 $ 50,542 $ 27,430 $ 24,905 $ 155,760 $ 16,026 $ 171,786

Current gross chargeoffs on consumer installment and other loans:

For the year ended December 31, 2024

$ 246 $ 388 $ 2,376 $ 1,843 $ 913 $ 162 $ 5,928 $ 463 $ 6,391

There were no loans held for sale at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Company held no other real estate owned (OREO) at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no consumer mortgage loans outstanding secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

Note 5: Concentration of Credit Risk

Under the California Financial Code, credit extended to any one person at any one time shall not exceed the following limitations: (a) unsecured credits shall not exceed 15 percent of the sum of the Bank’s shareholders’ equity, allowance for loan losses, capital notes, and debentures, or (b) secured and unsecured credits in all shall not exceed 25 percent of the sum of the Bank’s shareholders’ equity, allowance for loan losses, capital notes, and debentures. At September 30, 2025, the Bank did not have credit extended to any one entity exceeding these limits. At September 30, 2025, the Bank had 25 lending relationships each with aggregate amounts of $ 5 million or more. The Company has significant credit arrangements that are secured by real estate collateral. In addition to real estate loans outstanding as disclosed in Note 4, the Company had loan commitments related to real estate loans of $ 23,245 thousand and $ 26,292 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company requires collateral on all real estate loans with loan-to-value ratios at origination generally no greater than 75 % on commercial real estate loans and no greater than 80 % on residential real estate loans. At September 30, 2025, the Bank held corporate bonds in 106 issuing entities that exceeded $ 5 million for each issuer.

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-22-

Note 6: Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The Company has recorded goodwill and other identifiable intangibles associated with purchase business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized, but is evaluated for impairment at least annually. The Company did not recognize impairment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, as no triggering events occurred during such periods. Identifiable intangibles are amortized to their estimated residual values over their expected useful lives. Such lives and residual values are also periodically reassessed to determine if any amortization period adjustments are indicated. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, no such adjustments were recorded.

The carrying values of goodwill were:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

(In thousands)

Goodwill

$ 121,673 $ 121,673

The gross carrying amount of identifiable intangible assets and accumulated amortization were:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Gross

Gross

Carrying

Accumulated

Carrying

Accumulated

Amount

Amortization

Amount

Amortization

(In thousands)

Core deposit intangibles

$ 56,808 $ ( 56,808 ) $ 56,808 $ ( 56,683 )

The following table shows the current period amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets which were fully amortized in the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

Total

Core

Deposit

Intangibles

(In thousands)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (actual)

$ 125

Note 7: Other Assets and Other Liabilities

Other assets consisted of the following:

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Equity securities not held for trading at cost:

Federal Reserve Bank stock (1)

$ 14,069 $ 14,069

Other investments

158 158

Total equity securities not held for trading at cost

14,227 14,227

Equity securities held for trading at fair value

436 -

Total equity securities

14,663 14,227

Bank owned life insurance cash surrender value

70,467 68,578

Net deferred tax asset

56,825 88,606

Right-of-use asset

22,425 17,985

Limited partnership investments

30,806 28,551

Interest receivable

39,384 44,606

Prepaid assets

4,908 5,697

Other assets

6,596 12,635

Total other assets

$ 246,074 $ 280,885

-23-

(1) A bank applying for membership in the Federal Reserve System is required to subscribe to stock in the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) in its district in a sum equal to six percent of the bank’s paid-up capital stock and surplus. One-half of the amount of the bank's subscription shall be paid to the FRB and the remaining half will be subject to call when deemed necessary by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

At September 30, 2025, the Company had marketable equity securities held for trading at fair value of $ 436 thousand. The Company recognized unrealized losses of $ 90 thousand in net income during the three months ended September 30, 2025. There were no purchases or sales of securities held for trading during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. There were no marketable equity securities at December 31, 2024.

The Company owns 211 thousand shares of Visa Inc. (“Visa”) Class B-1 common stock, which have transfer restrictions; the carrying value is $- 0 - thousand. Following the resolution of certain litigation involving Visa, shares of Visa’s Class B-1 stock will convert to shares of Visa Class A common stock based on a conversion factor ( 1.5549 as of September 30, 2025), which is periodically adjusted to reflect Visa’s ongoing litigation costs. Given the transfer restrictions and continuing uncertainty regarding the likelihood, ultimate timing and eventual conversion of Visa Class B-1 common stock for shares of Visa Class A common stock or other marketable classes of Visa common stock, these shares are not considered to have a readily determinable fair value and have no carrying value. Visa Class A common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange and had a closing price of $ 341.38 per share on September 30, 2025, the last trading day for the third quarter 2025. The ultimate value of the Company’s Visa Class B-1 shares is subject to the extent of Visa’s future litigation escrow fundings, the resulting conversion rate to Visa Class A common stock, and current and future transfer restrictions on the Visa Class B-1 common stock. At September 30, 2025, the Company did not record an adjustment to the carrying value of the Visa Class B-1 shares.

The Company invests in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for low-income housing tax credits. At September 30, 2025, these investments totaled $ 30,806 thousand and $ 11,320 thousand of this amount represents outstanding equity capital commitments that are included in other liabilities. At December 31, 2024, these investments totaled $ 28,551 thousand and $ 11,368 thousand of this amount represents outstanding equity capital commitments that are included in other liabilities. At September 30, 2025, the $ 11,320 thousand of outstanding equity capital commitments are expected to be paid as follows: $ 2,808 thousand in the remainder of 2025, $ 4,688 thousand in 2026, $ 2,569 thousand in 2027, $ 348 thousand in 2028, $ 396 thousand in 2029 and $ 511 thousand in 2030 or thereafter.

The amounts recognized in net income for these investments include:

For the Three Months Ended

For the Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Investment loss included in pre-tax income

$ 915 $ 1,210 $ 2,745 $ 4,090

Tax credits recognized in provision for income taxes

975 785 2,925 2,735

Other liabilities consisted of the following:

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Operating lease liability

$ 22,425 $ 17,985

Securities purchases pending settlement

4,298 -

Other liabilities

29,239 36,160

Total other liabilities

$ 55,962 $ 54,145

The Company has entered into leases for most branch locations and certain other offices that were classified as operating leases primarily with original terms of five years. Certain lease arrangements contain extension options, which can be exercised at the Company’s option, for one or more additional five year terms. Unexercised extension options are not considered reasonably certain of exercise and have not been included in the lease term used to determine the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The Company did not have any finance leases as of September 30, 2025.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s lease liability and right-of-use asset were $ 22,425 thousand. The weighted average remaining life of operating leases and weighted average discount rate used to determine operating lease liabilities were 3.9 years and 3.80 %, respectively, at September 30, 2025. The Company did not have any material lease incentives, unamortized initial direct costs, prepaid lease expense, or accrued lease expense as of September 30, 2025.

-24-

Total lease costs were $ 1,700 thousand and $ 5,071 thousand in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and were recorded within occupancy and equipment expense. Total lease costs were $ 1,663 thousand and $ 5,020 thousand in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and were recorded within occupancy and equipment expense. The Company did not have any material short-term or variable lease costs or sublease income during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

The following table summarizes the remaining lease payments of operating lease liabilities:

Minimum
future lease
payments

At September 30,

2025

(In thousands)

The remainder of 2025

$ 1,639

2026

6,184

2027

5,814

2028

4,914

2029

3,185

Thereafter

2,479

Total minimum lease payments

24,215

Less: discount

( 1,790 )

Present value of lease liability

$ 22,425

Note 8: Deposits and Borrowed Funds

The following table provides additional detail regarding deposits.

Deposits

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Noninterest-bearing

$ 2,214,100

$ 2,333,389

Interest-bearing:

Transaction

881,367

953,863

Savings

1,626,474

1,642,360

Time deposits less than $100 thousand

42,614

47,585

Time deposits $100 thousand through $250 thousand

20,210

25,368

Time deposits more than $250 thousand

8,414

9,285

Total deposits

$ 4,793,179

$ 5,011,850

Demand deposit overdrafts of $ 490 thousand and $ 591 thousand were included as loan balances at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Interest expense for aggregate time deposits with individual account balances in excess of $100 thousand was $ 12 thousand and $ 43 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $ 30 thousand and $ 71 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

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-25-

The following table provides additional detail regarding short-term borrowed funds.

Repurchase Agreements (Sweep)
Accounted for as Secured Borrowings

Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements

Overnight and Continuous

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

Repurchase agreements:

(In thousands)

Collateral securing borrowings:

Agency residential MBS

$ 18,689 $ 21,284

Corporate securities

396,786 412,921

Total collateral carrying value

$ 415,475 $ 434,205

Total short-term borrowed funds

$ 133,651 $ 120,322

At September 30, 2025, the Company had access to borrowing from the Federal Reserve up to $ 647,776 thousand based on the collateral pledged at September 30, 2025. The Company had a $ 60,000 thousand line of credit with a correspondent bank at September 30, 2025. There were no borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank or correspondent banks at September 30, 2025. At September 30, 2025, the Company’s estimated unpledged collateral qualifying debt securities totaled $ 1,970,022 thousand.

Note 9: Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Debt securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as other real estate owned, loans individually evaluated for credit loss, certain loans held for investment, debt securities held to maturity, and other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the lower-of-cost or fair-value accounting of individual assets.

In accordance with the Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, the Company bases its fair values on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal market or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value measurement reflects all of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about the risk inherent in a particular valuation technique, the effect of a restriction on the sale or use of an asset, and the risk of nonperformance.

The Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. When the valuation assumptions used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability are categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the asset or liability is categorized in its entirety within the lowest level of the hierarchy. These levels are:

Level 1 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 1 includes U.S. Treasury and equity securities, which are traded by dealers or brokers in active markets. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. Level 2 includes mutual funds, federal agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate securities, commercial paper, collateralized loan obligations, municipal bonds and securities of U.S government entities and U.S. government sponsored entities.

Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The Company relies on independent vendor pricing services to measure fair value for equity securities, debt securities available for sale and debt securities held to maturity. The Company employs three pricing services. To validate the pricing of these vendors, the Company compares vendors’ pricing for each of the securities for consistency; significant pricing differences, if any, are evaluated using all available independent quotes with the quote most closely reflecting the market generally used as the fair value estimate. In addition, the Company evaluates debt securities for credit losses on a quarterly basis. As with any valuation technique used to estimate fair value, changes in underlying assumptions used could significantly affect the results of current and future values. Accordingly, these fair value estimates may not be realized in an actual sale of the securities.

-26-

The Company regularly reviews the valuation techniques and assumptions used by its vendors and determines which valuation techniques are utilized based on observable market inputs for the type of securities being measured. The Company uses the information to determine the placement in the fair value hierarchy as level 1, 2 or 3.

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis on the dates indicated.

At September 30, 2025

Fair Value

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3) (1)

(In thousands)

Debt securities available for sale:

Agency residential MBS

$ 192,490 $ - $ 192,490 $ -

Agency commercial MBS

397,164 - 397,164 -

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

305,192 - 305,192 -

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

51,853 - 51,853 -

Corporate securities

1,797,562 - 1,797,562 -

Collateralized loan obligations

561,063 - 561,063 -

Total debt securities available for sale

3,305,324 - 3,305,324 -

Equity securities held for trading

436 436 - -

Total securities measured at fair value

$ 3,305,760 $ 436 $ 3,305,324 $ -

(1) There were no transfers into or out of level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

At December 31, 2024

Fair Value

Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)

Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)

Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3) (1)

(In thousands)

Debt securities available for sale:

Agency residential MBS

$ 211,060 $ - $ 211,060 $ -

Agency commercial MBS

6,966 - 6,966 -

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

292,117 - 292,117 -

U.S. Treasury securities

4,955 4,955 - -

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

62,186 - 62,186 -

Corporate securities

1,835,937 - 1,835,937 -

Collateralized loan obligations

982,589 - 982,589 -

Total debt securities available for sale

$ 3,395,810 $ 4,955 $ 3,390,855 $ -

(1) There were no transfers into or out of level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2024.

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-27-

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost or fair-value accounting of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were recorded in the balance sheets at September 30, 2025, the following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related assets at period end. No assets that were recorded in the balance sheets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2024.

For the Nine

Months Ended

At September 30, 2025

September 30, 2025

Carrying Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total Losses

(In thousands)

Loans:

Commercial

$ 728 $ - $ - $ 728 $ -

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

$ 728 $ - $ - $ 728 $ -

Level 3 – Valuation is based upon present value of expected future cash flows, independent market prices or estimated liquidation values of loan collateral, generally. The unobservable inputs and qualitative information about the inputs are not presented as the inputs were not developed by the Company.

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The tables below are a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The values assigned do not necessarily represent amounts which ultimately may be realized for assets or paid to settle liabilities. In addition, these values do not give effect to adjustments to fair value which may occur when financial instruments are sold or settled in larger quantities. The carrying amounts in the following tables are recorded in the balance sheet under the indicated captions.

The Company has not included assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments such as goodwill, long-term relationships with deposit, merchant processing and trust customers, other purchased intangibles, premises and equipment, deferred taxes, and other assets and liabilities. The total estimated fair values do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

At September 30, 2025

Carrying
Amount

Estimated Fair
Value

Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2 )

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3 )

Financial Assets:

(In thousands)

Cash and due from banks

$ 659,268 $ 659,268 $ 659,268 $ - $ -

Debt securities held to maturity

826,505 817,188 - 817,188 -

Loans

729,720 730,365 - - 730,365

Financial Liabilities:

Deposits

$ 4,793,179 $ 4,788,614 $ - $ 4,721,941 $ 66,673

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

133,651 133,651 - 133,651 -

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-28-

At December 31, 2024

Carrying
Amount

Estimated Fair
Value

Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)

Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2 )

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3 )

Financial Assets:

(In thousands)

Cash and due from banks

$ 601,494 $ 601,494 $ 601,494 $ - $ -

Debt securities held to maturity

844,634 807,838 - 807,838 -

Loans

805,520 795,849 - - 795,849

Financial Liabilities:

Deposits

$ 5,011,850 $ 5,007,644 $ - $ 4,929,612 $ 78,032

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

120,322 120,322 - 120,322 -

The majority of the Company’s standby letters of credit and other commitments to extend credit carry current market interest rates if converted to loans. No premium or discount was ascribed to these commitments because virtually all funding would be at current market rates.

Note 10: Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Loan commitments are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the agreement. Certain agreements provide the Company the right to cancel or reduce its obligations to lend to customers. The portions that are equity based and not unconditionally cancellable by the Company aggregated $ 23,245 thousand at September 30, 2025 and $ 26,292 thousand at December 31, 2024. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future funding requirements. Loan commitments are subject to the Company’s normal credit policies and collateral requirements. Unfunded loan commitments were $ 164,677 thousand at September 30, 2025 and $ 171,672 thousand at December 31, 2024. Standby letters of credit commit the Company to make payments on behalf of customers when certain specified future events occur. Standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support customers’ short-term financing requirements and must meet the Company’s normal credit policies and collateral requirements. Financial and performance standby letters of credit outstanding totaled $ 562 thousand at September 30, 2025 and $ 1,926 thousand at December 31, 2024. The Company had no commitments for commercial and similar letters of credit at September 30, 2025 or at December 31, 2024. The Company had $ 1,000 thousand in outstanding full recourse guarantees to a third party credit card company at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had a $ 201 thousand reserve for certain unfunded loan commitments at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is included in other liabilities.

Due to the nature of its business, the Company is subject to various threatened or filed legal cases. Based on the advice of legal counsel, the Company does not expect such cases will have a material, adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations. Legal liabilities are accrued when obligations become probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

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-29-

Note 11: Earnings Per Common Share

The table below shows earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share. Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the impact of common stock equivalents.

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands, except per share data)

Net income applicable to common equity (numerator)

$ 28,263 $ 35,057 $ 88,366 $ 106,936

Basic earnings per common share

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic (denominator)

25,341 26,685 25,953 26,680

Basic earnings per common share

$ 1.12 $ 1.31 $ 3.40 $ 4.01

Diluted earnings per common share

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic

25,341 26,685 25,953 26,680

Add common stock equivalents for options

- 1 - 1

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted (denominator)

25,341 26,686 25,953 26,681

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 1.12 $ 1.31 $ 3.40 $ 4.01

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, options to purchase 1,226 thousand and 1,253 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the option exercise price exceeded the fair value of the stock such that their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, options to purchase 1,068 thousand and 1,093 thousand shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because the option exercise price exceeded the fair value of the stock such that their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Note 12: Operating Segments

The Company’s reportable segment is determined by the Chief Financial Officer, who is the designated chief decision maker, based upon information provided about the Company’s products and services offered, primarily banking operations. Loans, investments, and deposits provide revenues in the banking operation. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and payroll provide the significant expenses in the banking operations. While the chief decision-maker monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis as reflected in the consolidated financial statements contained in this report. The consolidated net income is used to benchmark the Company against its competitors. The benchmarking analysis coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation.

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-30-

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands, except per share data)

Net Interest and Loan Fee Income (FTE) (1)

$ 53,846 $ 62,465 $ 164,798 $ 192,659

(Reversal of) Provision for Credit Losses

- - (550 ) 300

Noninterest Income:

Life Insurance Gains

- - 208 202

Other Noninterest Income

10,151 11,925 30,579 32,320

Total Noninterest Income

10,151 11,925 30,787 32,522

Noninterest Expense

25,800 26,309 76,456 78,538

Income Before Income Taxes (FTE) (1)

38,197 48,081 119,679 146,343

Income Tax Provision (FTE) (1)

9,934 13,024 31,313 39,407

Net Income

$ 28,263 $ 35,057 $ 88,366 $ 106,936

Average Common Shares Outstanding

25,341 26,685 25,953 26,680

Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding

25,341 26,686 25,953 26,681

Common Shares Outstanding at Period End

25,107 26,686

Per Common Share:

Basic Earnings

$ 1.12 $ 1.31 $ 3.40 $ 4.01

Diluted Earnings

1.12 1.31 3.40 4.01

Book Value

37.11 34.06

Financial Ratios:

Return on Assets

1.86 % 2.16 % 1.94 % 2.19 %

Return on Common Equity

10.92 % 13.72 % 11.36 % 14.41 %

Net Interest Margin (FTE) (1)

3.80 % 4.08 % 3.85 % 4.18 %

Net Loan Losses to Average Loans

(1.03 )% (0.30 )% (0.41 )% (0.29 )%

Efficiency Ratio (2)

40.3 % 35.4 % 39.1 % 34.9 %

Average Balances:

Assets

$ 6,018,937 $ 6,461,843 $ 6,082,169 $ 6,512,138

Loans

744,046 831,418 765,231 840,961

Debt Securities

4,160,656 4,736,024 4,253,882 4,925,557

Deposits

4,806,568 5,092,244 4,868,418 5,224,158

Shareholders' Equity

1,026,618 1,016,642 1,039,802 991,229

Period End Balances:

Assets

$ 5,914,438 $ 6,161,143

Loans

741,579 833,967

Debt Securities

4,131,830 4,430,748

Deposits

4,793,179 5,065,050

Shareholders' Equity

931,646 909,040

Capital Ratios at Period End:

Total Risk Based Capital

23.30 % 22.03 %

Tangible Equity to Tangible Assets

13.98 % 13.03 %

Dividends Paid Per Common Share

$ 0.46 $ 0.44 $ 1.36 $ 1.32

Common Dividend Payout Ratio

41 % 33 % 40 % 33 %

The above financial summary has been derived from the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements. This information should be read in conjunction with those statements, notes and the other information included elsewhere herein. Percentages under the heading "Financial Ratios" are annualized with the exception of the efficiency ratio.

(1)

Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to a "fully taxable equivalent" ("FTE") basis in order to reflect the effect of income which is exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate.

(2)

The efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income on an FTE basis and noninterest income).

-31-

Financial Overview

Westamerica Bancorporation and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) reported net income of $28.3 million or $1.12 diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) in the three months ended, September 30, 2025 compared with net income of $35.1 million or $1.31 EPS for the third quarter 2024. The third quarter 2024 results included a $202 thousand bank owned life insurance gain and a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets equivalent to $0.04 EPS. The Company reported net income of $88.4 million or $3.40 EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, including a $550 thousand reversal of provision for credit losses and a $208 thousand bank owned life insurance gain, which increased EPS $0.02. The Company reported net income of $106.9 million or $4.01 EPS for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included a $202 thousand life insurance gain and a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets equivalent to $0.04 EPS.

The Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve Board (“FOMC”) reduced the target federal funds rate by 0.25 percent to the range of 3.75 to 4.00 percent in October 2025. The FOMC press release in October stated, “Available indicators suggest that growth of economic activity has been expanding at a moderate pace. Job gains have slowed, and the unemployment rate has edged up but remains low through August… Inflation has moved up since earlier in the year and remains somewhat elevated. The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the long run. Uncertainty about the economic outlook remains elevated. The Committee is attentive to the risks to both sides of its dual mandate and judges that downside risks to employment rose in recent months” The interest rate paid on reserve balances at the Federal Reserve Bank was reduced to 3.90% effective October 30, 2025 from 4.15% effective September 18, 2025. The Bank maintains reserve balances at the Federal Reserve Bank; the amount that earns interest is identified as “interest-bearing cash”.

Management continues to evaluate the impacts of inflation, the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, the impacts of tariffs, international trade tensions, the on-going government shutdown and climate changes on the Company’s business. The banking industry could experience significant volatility as it did with several regional bank failures in 2023. Industrywide concerns could develop related to liquidity, deposit outflows and unrealized losses on investment debt securities. These events and concerns could adversely affect the Company’s ability to effectively fund its operations. Any one or a combination of such risk factors, or other factors, could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The extent of the impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, and financial performance, as well as the Company’s ability to execute near- and long-term business strategies and initiatives, will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be reasonably predicted.

The Company presents its net interest margin and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis using the current statutory federal tax rate. Management believes the FTE basis is valuable to the reader because the Company’s loan and investment securities portfolios contain municipal loans and securities that are federally tax exempt. The Company’s tax exempt loans and securities composition may not be similar to that of other banks, therefore in order to reflect the impact of the federally tax exempt loans and securities on the net interest margin and net interest income for comparability with other banks, the Company presents its net interest margin and net interest income on an FTE basis.

The Company’s significant accounting policies (see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to Financial Statements in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K and Note 2 “Accounting Policies” in this Form 10-Q) are fundamental to understanding the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. The Company adopted the following new accounting guidance:

FASB ASU 2023-07 , Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , was issued November 27, 2023. The ASU requires disclosure of certain significant segment expenses and other items, the title and position of the chief operating decision maker and information about how the reported measures of segment profit or loss are used in assessing segment performance. The ASU became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Net Income

Following is a summary of the components of net income for the periods indicated:

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands, except per share data)

Net interest and loan fee income (FTE)

$ 53,846 $ 62,465 $ 164,798 $ 192,659

(Reversal of) Provision for credit losses

- - (550 ) 300

Noninterest income

10,151 11,925 30,787 32,522

Noninterest expense

25,800 26,309 76,456 78,538

Income before taxes (FTE)

38,197 48,081 119,679 146,343

Income tax provision (FTE)

9,934 13,024 31,313 39,407

Net income

$ 28,263 $ 35,057 $ 88,366 $ 106,936

Average diluted common shares

25,341 26,686 25,953 26,681

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 1.12 $ 1.31 $ 3.40 $ 4.01

Average total assets

$ 6,018,937 $ 6,461,843 $ 6,082,169 $ 6,512,138

Net income to average total assets (annualized)

1.86 % 2.16 % 1.94 % 2.19 %

Net income to average common shareholders' equity (annualized)

10.92 % 13.72 % 11.36 % 14.41 %

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $6.8 million compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to decreases in net interest and loan fee income (FTE) and noninterest income, partially offset by lower noninterest expense and tax provision (FTE). Net interest and loan fee income (FTE) decreased $8.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to lower average balances of investment securities and loans, lower yield on investment securities and interest-bearing cash, and higher rate on interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by higher average balances of interest-bearing cash and lower average balances of bank term funding program borrowings. Based on the results of its current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model and Management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining life of its loans, the Company provided no provision for credit losses in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. Noninterest income in the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.8 million compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily because the three months ended September 30, 2024 results included a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets. Noninterest expense in the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $509 thousand compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower salaries and benefits and lower estimated operating losses from limited partnership investments, partially offset by an increase in professional fees. The tax rate (FTE) was 26.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 27.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $18.6 million compared with nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to decreases in net interest and loan fee income (FTE) and noninterest income, partially offset by lower noninterest expense and tax provision (FTE). Net interest and loan fee income (FTE) decreased $27.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to lower average balances of investment securities and loans, lower yield on investment securities and interest-bearing cash, and higher rate on interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by higher average balances of interest-bearing cash and lower average balances of bank term funding program borrowings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $550 thousand reversal of provision for credit losses, which was included in the first quarter of 2025, based on the results of its CECL model and Management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining life of its loans and debt securities held to maturity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company provided $300 thousand for credit losses, which was recorded in the first quarter of 2024, based on the results of the CECL model and Management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining life of its loans and debt securities held to maturity. Noninterest income in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.7 million compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily because the nine months ended September 30, 2024 results included a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets. Noninterest expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $2.1 million compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower salaries and benefits and lower estimated operating losses from limited partnership investments, partially offset by higher outsourced data processing services expense and professional fees. The tax rate (FTE) was 26.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 26.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

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Net Interest and Loan Fee Income (FTE)

Following is a summary of the components of net interest and loan fee income (FTE) for the periods indicated:

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

($ in thousands)

Interest and loan fee income

$ 57,234 $ 67,794 $ 174,192 $ 205,612

FTE adjustment

257 316 836 1,000

Interest expense

3,645 5,645 10,230 13,953

Net interest and loan fee income (FTE)

$ 53,846 $ 62,465 $ 164,798 $ 192,659

Average earning assets

$ 5,621,797 $ 6,062,174 $ 5,689,058 $ 6,108,885

Net interest margin (FTE) (annualized)

3.80 % 4.08 % 3.85 % 4.18 %

Net interest and loan fee income (FTE) decreased $8.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 due to lower average balances of investment securities (down $561 million) and loans (down $87 million), lower yield on investment securities (down 0.42%) and interest-bearing cash (down 0.98%), and higher rate on interest-bearing deposits (up 0.07%), partially offset by higher average balances of interest-bearing cash (up $208 million) and lower average balances of bank term funding program borrowings (down $167 million).

Net interest and loan fee income (FTE) decreased $27.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to lower average balances of investment securities (down $657 million) and loans (down $76 million), lower yield on investment securities (down 0.47%) and interest-bearing cash (down 0.98%), and higher rate on interest-bearing deposits (up 0.13%), partially offset by higher average balances of interest-bearing cash (up $313 million) and lower average balances of bank term funding program borrowings (down $143 million).

The annualized net interest margin (FTE) was 3.80% in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 3.85% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 4.08% in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 4.18% in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company’s funding costs were 0.26% in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 0.24% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with 0.37% in the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 0.30% in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Noninterest bearing deposits represented 46% of average deposits in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 48% in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Average balances of checking and saving deposits accounted for 98% of average total deposits in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

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Net Interest Margin (FTE)

The following summarizes the components of the Company's net interest margin (FTE) for the periods indicated (percentages are annualized.)

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

Yield on earning assets (FTE)

4.06 % 4.45 % 4.09 % 4.48 %

Rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities

0.53 % 0.76 % 0.50 % 0.63 %

Net interest spread (FTE)

3.53 % 3.69 % 3.59 % 3.85 %

Impact of noninterest-bearing demand deposits

0.27 % 0.39 % 0.26 % 0.33 %

Net interest margin (FTE)

3.80 % 4.08 % 3.85 % 4.18 %

The Company’s yield on earning assets during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased compared with the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Company’s yield on earning assets has been primarily affected by collateralized loan obligations (CLOs), held in debt securities available for sale portfolio, and interest-bearing cash. The CLOs have interest coupons that change once every three months by the amount of change in the three-month SOFR base rate. The average balances and yields of CLOs for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $659 million yielding 6.24% and $788 million yielding 6.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The average balances and yields of CLOs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $1,166 million yielding 7.20% and $1,324 million yielding 7.22%, respectively. The interest-bearing cash yield changes by the amount of change in the overnight federal funds rate on the effective date declared by the FOMC. The average balance and yields of interest-bearing cash for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $703 million yielding 4.37% and $656 million yielding 4.39%, respectively. The average balances and yields of interest-bearing cash for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $495 million yielding 5.35% and $342 million yielding 5.37%, respectively. The Company has other earning assets with variable yields such as commercial loans and lines of credit, consumer lines of credit and adjustable rate residential real estate loans, which are included in “other taxable loans” in the following “Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential.”

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Summary of Average Balances, Yields/Rates and Interest Differential

The following tables present information regarding the consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amounts of interest income earned from average interest earning assets and the resulting yields, and the amounts of interest expense incurred on average interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting rates. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. Interest income includes the reversal of previously accrued interest on loans placed on nonaccrual status during the period, proceeds from loans on nonaccrual status only to the extent cash payments have been received and applied as interest income, and accretion of purchased loan discounts. Yields, rates and interest margins are annualized. Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans have been adjusted upward to reflect the effect of income exempt from federal income taxation at the federal statutory tax rate of 21 percent.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders ’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Interest

Average

Income/

Yields/

Balance

Expense

Rates

($ in thousands)

Assets

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ 4,078,003 $ 38,402 3.77 %

Tax-exempt (1)

97,227 928 3.82 %

Total investments (1)

4,175,230 39,330 3.75 %

Loans:

Taxable

714,101 10,012 5.56 %

Tax-exempt (1)

29,945 309 4.13 %

Total loans (1)

744,046 10,321 5.51 %

Total interest-bearing cash

702,521 7,840 4.37 %

Total interest-earning assets (1)

5,621,797 57,491 4.06 %

Other assets

397,140

Total assets

$ 6,018,937

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Noninterest-bearing demand

$ 2,201,644 $ - - %

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

2,531,763 3,406 0.53 %

Time less than $100,000

47,490 35 0.29 %

Time $100,000 or more

25,671 12 0.19 %

Total interest-bearing deposits

2,604,924 3,453 0.53 %

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

119,586 192 0.64 %

Total interest-bearing liabilities

2,724,510 3,645 0.53 %

Other liabilities

66,165

Shareholders' equity

1,026,618

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 6,018,937

Net interest spread (1) (2)

3.53 %

Net interest and fee income and interest margin (1) (3)

$ 53,846 3.80 %

(1)

Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

(2)

Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets. The net interest margin is greater than the net interest spread due to the benefit of noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders ’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Interest

Average

Income/

Yields/

Balance

Expense

Rates

($ in thousands)

Assets

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ 4,614,041 $ 48,699 4.22 %

Tax-exempt (1)

121,983 1,123 3.68 %

Total investments (1)

4,736,024 49,822 4.17 %

Loans:

Taxable

791,706 11,114 5.59 %

Tax-exempt (1)

39,712 412 4.13 %

Total loans (1)

831,418 11,526 5.52 %

Total interest-bearing cash

494,732 6,762 5.35 %

Total interest-earning assets (1)

6,062,174 68,110 4.45 %

Other assets

399,669

Total assets

$ 6,461,843

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Noninterest-bearing demand

$ 2,425,646 $ - - %

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

2,577,691 3,037 0.47 %

Time less than $100,000

56,092 46 0.33 %

Time $100,000 or more

32,815 30 0.36 %

Total interest-bearing deposits

2,666,598 3,113 0.46 %

Bank term funding program borrowings

167,391 2,278 5.40 %

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

116,104 254 0.87 %

Total interest-bearing liabilities

2,950,093 5,645 0.76 %

Other liabilities

69,462

Shareholders' equity

1,016,642

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 6,461,843

Net interest spread (1) (2)

3.69 %

Net interest and fee income and interest margin (1) (3)

$ 62,465 4.08 %

(1)

Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

(2)

Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets. The net interest margin is greater than the net interest spread due to the benefit of noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders ’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Interest

Average

Income/

Yields/

Balance

Expense

Rates

($ in thousands)

Assets

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ 4,162,787 $ 118,529 3.80 %

Tax-exempt (1)

105,439 3,027 3.83 %

Total investments (1)

4,268,226 121,556 3.78 %

Loans:

Taxable

732,922 30,656 5.59 %

Tax-exempt (1)

32,309 1,000 4.13 %

Total loans (1)

765,231 31,656 5.53 %

Total interest-bearing cash

655,601 21,816 4.39 %

Total interest-earning assets (1)

5,689,058 175,028 4.09 %

Other assets

393,111

Total assets

$ 6,082,169

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Noninterest-bearing demand

$ 2,246,259 $ - - %

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

2,545,359 9,574 0.50 %

Time less than $100,000

49,335 110 0.30 %

Time $100,000 or more

27,465 43 0.21 %

Total interest-bearing deposits

2,622,159 9,727 0.50 %

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

107,045 503 0.63 %

Total interest-bearing liabilities

2,729,204 10,230 0.50 %

Other liabilities

66,904

Shareholders' equity

1,039,802

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 6,082,169

Net interest spread (1) (2)

3.59 %

Net interest and fee income and interest margin (1) (3)

$ 164,798 3.85 %

(1)

Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

(2)

Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets. The net interest margin is greater than the net interest spread due to the benefit of noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders ’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Interest

Average

Income/

Yields/

Balance

Expense

Rates

($ in thousands)

Assets

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ 4,794,292 $ 154,648 4.30 %

Tax-exempt (1)

131,265 3,578 3.63 %

Total investments (1)

4,925,557 158,226 4.25 %

Loans:

Taxable

799,979 33,119 5.53 %

Tax-exempt (1)

40,982 1,261 4.11 %

Total loans (1)

840,961 34,380 5.46 %

Total interest-bearing cash

342,367 14,006 5.37 %

Total interest-earning assets (1)

6,108,885 206,612 4.48 %

Other assets

403,253

Total assets

$ 6,512,138

Liabilities and shareholders' equity

Noninterest-bearing demand

$ 2,480,815 $ - - %

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

2,650,469 7,464 0.38 %

Time less than $100,000

58,324 144 0.33 %

Time $100,000 or more

34,550 71 0.28 %

Total interest-bearing deposits

2,743,343 7,679 0.37 %

Bank term funding program borrowings

143,412 5,813 5.40 %

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

82,323 461 0.75 %

Total interest-bearing liabilities

2,969,078 13,953 0.63 %

Other liabilities

71,016

Shareholders' equity

991,229

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity

$ 6,512,138

Net interest spread (1) (2)

3.85 %

Net interest and fee income and interest margin (1) (3)

$ 192,659 4.18 %

(1)

Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

(2)

Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3)

Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets. The net interest margin is greater than the net interest spread due to the benefit of noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

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Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense due to Changes in Average Asset & Liability Balances and Yields Earned & Rates Paid

The following tables set forth a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense due to changes in average assets and liability balances (volume) and changes in average interest yields/rates for the periods indicated. Changes not solely attributable to volume or yields/rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and yield/rate components.

Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Compared with

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Volume

Yield/Rate

Total

(In thousands)

(Decrease) increase in interest and loan fee income:

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ (5,658 ) $ (4,639 ) $ (10,297 )

Tax-exempt (1)

(228 ) 33 (195 )

Total investments (1)

(5,886 ) (4,606 ) (10,492 )

Loans:

Taxable

(1,089 ) (13 ) (1,102 )

Tax-exempt (1)

(104 ) 1 (103 )

Total loans (1)

(1,193 ) (12 ) (1,205 )

Total interest-bearing cash

2,840 (1,762 ) 1,078

Total decrease in interest and loan fee income (1)

(4,239 ) (6,380 ) (10,619 )

(Decrease) increase in interest expense:

Deposits:

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

(54 ) 423 369

Time less than $100,000

(7 ) (4 ) (11 )

Time $100,000 or more

(7 ) (11 ) (18 )

Total interest-bearing deposits

(68 ) 408 340

Bank term funding program borrowings

(2,278 ) - (2,278 )

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

8 (70 ) (62 )

Total (decrease) increase in interest expense

(2,338 ) 338 (2,000 )

Decrease in net interest and loan fee income (1)

$ (1,901 ) $ (6,718 ) $ (8,619 )

(1) Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

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Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Compared with

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Volume

Yield/Rate

Total

(In thousands)

(Decrease) increase in interest and loan fee income:

Investment securities:

Taxable

$ (20,370 ) $ (15,749 ) $ (36,119 )

Tax-exempt (1)

(704 ) 153 (551 )

Total investments (1)

(21,074 ) (15,596 ) (36,670 )

Loans:

Taxable

(2,776 ) 313 (2,463 )

Tax-exempt (1)

(267 ) 6 (261 )

Total loans (1)

(3,043 ) 319 (2,724 )

Total interest-bearing cash

12,827 (5,017 ) 7,810

Total decrease in interest and loan fee income (1)

(11,290 ) (20,294 ) (31,584 )

(Decrease) increase in interest expense:

Deposits:

Savings and interest-bearing transaction

(296 ) 2,406 2,110

Time less than $100,000

(22 ) (12 ) (34 )

Time $100,000 or more

(15 ) (13 ) (28 )

Total interest-bearing deposits

(333 ) 2,381 2,048

Bank term funding program borrowings

(5,813 ) - (5,813 )

Securities sold under repurchase agreements

224 (182 ) 42

Total (decrease) increase in interest expense

(5,922 ) 2,199 (3,723 )

Decrease in net interest and loan fee income (1)

$ (5,368 ) $ (22,493 ) $ (27,861 )

(1) Amounts calculated on an FTE basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

Provision for Credit Losses

The Company manages credit risk by enforcing conservative underwriting and administration procedures and aggressively pursuing collection efforts with debtors experiencing financial difficulties. The provision for credit losses reflects Management's assessment of credit risk in the loan portfolio and debt securities held to maturity portfolio during each of the periods presented.

Based on Management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining life of its loans and debt securities held to maturity, the Company provided no provision for credit losses in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $550 thousand reversal of provision for credit losses, which was recored in the first quarter of 2025. The Company provided no provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2024 based on Management’s estimate of credit losses over the remaining life of its loans and debt securities held to maturity. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company provided $300 thousand for credit losses, which was recorded in the first quarter of 2024. For further information regarding credit risk, net credit losses, and the allowance for credit losses, see the “Loan Portfolio Credit Risk” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” sections of this Report.

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Noninterest Income

The following table summarizes the components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Service charges on deposit accounts

$ 3,317 $ 3,585 $ 10,066 $ 10,524

Merchant processing services

2,860 2,474 8,280 7,714

Debit card fees

1,603 1,702 4,848 4,951

Trust fees

895 846 2,661 2,451

ATM processing fees

483 533 1,428 1,664

Other service fees

448 454 1,327 1,342

Bank owned life insurance gains

- 202 208 202

Unrealized losses on equity securities

(90 ) - (90 ) -

Other noninterest income

635 2,129 2,059 3,674

Total

$ 10,151 $ 11,925 $ 30,787 $ 32,522

Noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.8 million compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower income from service charges on deposits accounts and because the three months ended September 30, 2024 results included a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets and a $202 thousand gain on bank owned life insurance. Higher income from merchant processing services partially offset the decrease in noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $1.7 million compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower income from service charges on deposit accounts and ATM processing fees and because the nine months ended September 30, 2024 results included a $1.4 million gain on sale of other assets. The decrease in noninterest income was partially offset by higher income from merchant processing services and trust fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Noninterest Expense

The following table summarizes the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Salaries and related benefits

$ 12,387 $ 12,762 $ 36,816 $ 37,831

Occupancy and equipment

5,253 5,256 15,445 15,454

Outsourced data processing services

2,722 2,614 8,128 7,661

Limited partnership operating losses

915 1,210 2,745 4,090

Courier service

738 682 2,113 2,017

Professional fees

643 337 1,424 1,101

Other noninterest expense

3,142 3,448 9,785 10,384

Total

$ 25,800 $ 26,309 $ 76,456 $ 78,538

Noninterest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $509 thousand compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower salaries and benefits and lower estimated operating losses from limited partnership investments, partially offset by an increase in professional fees.

-42-

Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $2.1 million compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to lower salaries and benefits and lower estimated operating losses from limited partnership investments, partially offset by higher outsourced data processing services expense and professional fees.

Provision for Income Tax

The Company’s income tax provision (FTE) was $9.9 million and $31.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared with $13.0 million and $39.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The effective tax rates (FTE) were 26.0% and 26.2%, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared with 27.1% and 26.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Investment Securities Portfolio

The Company maintains an investment securities portfolio consisting of securities issued by U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government sponsored entities, state and political subdivisions, corporations and banks. The Company had marketable equity securities held for trading at fair value of $436 thousand at September 30, 2025. The Company had no marketable equity securities not held for trading at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Management manages the investment securities portfolio in response to anticipated changes in interest rates, and changes in deposit and loan volumes. The carrying value of the Company’s investment securities portfolio was $4.1 billion at September 30, 2025 and $4.2 billion at December 31, 2024. The following table lists debt securities in the Company’s portfolio by type as of the dates indicated. Debt securities held to maturity are listed at amortized cost before related reserve for expected credit losses of $1 thousand at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Debt securities available for sale are listed at fair value.

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Carrying Value

As a percent of total investment securities

Carrying Value

As a percent of total investment securities

($ in thousands)

Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities

$ 305,192 7 % $ 292,117 7 %

Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("MBS")

238,923 6 % 268,987 6 %

Agency commercial MBS

397,164 10 % 6,966 - %

U.S. Treasury securities

- - % 4,955 - %

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

91,381 2 % 113,447 3 %

Corporate securities

2,538,107 61 % 2,571,384 61 %

Collateralized loan obligations

561,063 14 % 982,589 23 %

Total

$ 4,131,830 100 % $ 4,240,445 100 %

Debt securities available for sale

$ 3,305,324 $ 3,395,810

Debt securities held to maturity

826,506 844,635

Total

$ 4,131,830 $ 4,240,445

Management continually evaluates the Company’s investment securities portfolio in response to established asset/liability management objectives, changing market conditions that could affect profitability, liquidity, and the level of interest rate risk to which the Company is exposed. These evaluations may cause Management to change the level of funds the Company deploys into investment securities and change the composition of the Company’s investment securities portfolio.

At September 30, 2025, substantially all of the Company’s investment securities were investment grade as rated by one or more major rating agencies. In addition to monitoring credit rating agency evaluations, Management performs its own evaluations regarding the credit worthiness of the issuer or the securitized assets underlying asset-backed securities. The Company’s procedures for evaluating investments in securities are in accordance with guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Agencies” (SR 12-15) and other regulatory guidance.

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-43-

The Company had corporate securities as shown below at the dates indicated:

Corporate securities

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Amortized

Fair

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

Cost

Value

(In thousands)

Debt securities available for sale

$ 1,917,181 $ 1,797,562 $ 2,031,144 $ 1,835,937

Debt securities held to maturity

740,545 733,797 735,447 703,210

Total corporate securities

$ 2,657,726 $ 2,531,359 $ 2,766,591 $ 2,539,147

The following table summarizes total corporate securities by credit rating:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

($ in thousands)

AA-

$ 76,796 3 % $ 72,569 3 %

A+

270,894 11 % 256,906 10 %

A

369,436 15 % 353,434 14 %

A-

812,664 32 % 807,698 32 %

BBB+

646,244 25 % 634,118 25 %

BBB

355,325 14 % 414,422 16 %

Total corporate securities

$ 2,531,359 100 % $ 2,539,147 100 %

The following table summarizes total corporate securities by the industry sector in which the issuing companies operate:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

($ in thousands)

Financial

$ 1,441,189 57 % $ 1,450,675 57 %

Utilities

287,453 11 % 275,551 11 %

Industrial

213,315 8 % 212,587 8 %

Consumer, Non-cyclical

174,026 7 % 169,311 7 %

Communications

131,261 5 % 154,358 6 %

Basic Materials

102,439 4 % 100,617 4 %

Energy

71,543 3 % 69,320 3 %

Technology

62,850 3 % 61,008 2 %

Consumer, Cyclical

47,283 2 % 45,720 2 %

Total corporate securities

$ 2,531,359 100 % $ 2,539,147 100 %

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-44-

The following table summarizes total corporate securities by the location of the issuers’ headquarters; all the corporate securities are denominated in United States dollars:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

Fair value

As a percent of total corporate securities

($ in thousands)

United States of America

$ 1,794,804 71 % $ 1,767,669 70 %

Canada

202,937 8 % 192,122 8 %

Japan

158,028 6 % 167,624 7 %

United Kingdom

112,429 5 % 139,648 5 %

France

80,326 3 % 92,970 4 %

Switzerland

76,026 3 % 73,424 3 %

Netherlands

37,440 2 % 35,425 1 %

Australia

25,274 1 % 24,700 1 %

Belgium

17,183 1 % 19,726 1 %

Germany

13,553 - % 12,891 - %

Jersey

13,359 - % 12,948 - %

Total corporate securities

$ 2,531,359 100 % $ 2,539,147 100 %

The following table summarizes the above corporate securities with issuer’s headquarters located outside of the United States of America by the industry sector in which the issuing companies operate; all the corporate securities are denominated in United States dollars:

At September 30, 2025

At December 31, 2024

Fair value

As a percent of total foreign corporate securities

Fair value

As a percent of total foreign corporate securities

($ in thousands)

Financial

$ 623,781 85 % $ 659,403 86 %

Energy

33,355 5 % 32,041 4 %

Consumer, Cyclical

26,912 4 % 25,839 3 %

Basic Materials

25,274 3 % 24,700 3 %

Consumer, Non-cyclical

17,183 2 % 19,726 3 %

Utilities

10,050 1 % 9,769 1 %

Total foreign corporate securities

$ 736,555 100 % $ 771,478 100 %

The Company’s $561 million (fair value) in collateralized loan obligations at September 30, 2025, consist of investments in 53 issues that are within the senior tranches of their respective fund securitization structures. The following table summarizes total collateralized loan obligations by credit rating:

At September 30, 2025

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

(In thousands)

AAA

$ 190,904 $ 190,368

AA

371,130 370,695

Total

$ 562,034 $ 561,063

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-45-

The Company’s $983 million (fair value) in collateralized loan obligations at December 31, 2024, consist of investments in 96 issues that are within the senior tranches of their respective fund securitization structures. The following table summarizes total collateralized loan obligations by credit rating:

At December 31, 2024

Amortized

Fair

Cost

Value

(In thousands)

AAA

$ 312,710 $ 311,650

AA

674,445 670,939

Total

$ 987,155 $ 982,589

See Note 3 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the investment securities.

Loan Portfolio Credit Risk

The Company extends loans to commercial and consumer customers which expose the Company to the risk that the borrowers will default, causing loss. The Company’s lending activities are exposed to various qualitative risks. All loan segments are exposed to risks inherent in the economy and market conditions. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial loan segment include the borrowers’ business performance and financial condition, and the value of collateral for secured loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the commercial real estate segment include the borrowers’ business performance and the value of properties collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the construction loan segment include the borrowers’ performance in successfully developing the real estate into the intended purpose and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the residential real estate segment include the borrowers’ financial wherewithal to service the mortgages and the value of the property collateralizing the loans. Significant risk characteristics related to the consumer loan segment include the financial condition of the borrowers and the value of collateral securing the loans.

The Company closely monitors the markets in which it conducts its lending operations and follows a strategy to control exposure to loans with high credit risk. The Bank’s organizational structure separates the functions of business development and loan underwriting; Management believes this segregation of duties avoids inherent conflicts of combining business development and loan approval functions. In measuring and managing credit risk, the Company adheres to the following practices:

●

The Bank maintains a Loan Review Department which reports directly to the audit committee of the Board of Directors. The Loan Review Department performs independent evaluations of loans to challenge the credit risk grades assigned by Management, using grading standards employed by bank regulatory agencies. Those loans judged to carry higher risk attributes are referred to as “classified loans.” Classified loans receive elevated Management attention in order to maximize collection.

●

The Bank maintains two loan administration offices whose sole responsibility is to manage and collect classified loans.

Classified loans with higher levels of credit risk are further designated as “nonaccrual loans.” Management places classified loans on nonaccrual status when full collection of contractual interest and principal payments is in doubt. Uncollected interest previously accrued on loans placed on nonaccrual status is reversed as a charge against interest income. The Company does not accrue interest income on loans following placement on nonaccrual status. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied to reduce the carrying amount of the loan unless the carrying amount is well secured by loan collateral. “Nonperforming assets” include nonaccrual loans, loans 90 or more days past due and still accruing, and repossessed loan collateral (commonly referred to as “Other Real Estate Owned”).

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-46-

Nonperforming Loans

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

2024

(In thousands)

Nonperforming nonaccrual loans

$ 1,619 $ 252 $ 201

Performing nonaccrual loans

728 - -

Total nonaccrual loans

2,347 252 201

Accruing loans 90 or more days past due

297 667 534

Total nonperforming loans

$ 2,644 $ 919 $ 735

Management believes the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio is reasonably stable; however, classified and nonperforming assets could fluctuate from period to period. The performance of any individual loan can be affected by external factors such as the interest rate environment, economic conditions, pandemics, and collateral values or factors particular to the borrower. No assurance can be given that additional increases in nonaccrual and delinquent loans will not occur in the future.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes allowance for credit losses at the dates indicated:

At September 30,

At December 31,

2025

2024

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses on loans

$ 11,859 $ 14,780

Allowance for credit losses on held to maturity debt securities

1 1

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 11,860 $ 14,781

Allowance for unfunded credit commitments

$ 201 $ 201

Allowance for Credit Losses on Debt Securities Held to Maturity

Management segmented debt securities held to maturity, selected methods to estimate losses for each segment, and measured a loss estimate. Agency mortgage-backed securities were assigned no credit loss allowance due to the perceived backing of government sponsored entities. Corporate securities held to maturity were individually evaluated for expected credit loss by evaluating the issuer’s financial condition, profitability, cash flows, and credit ratings. The Company has evaluated each issuer’s historical financial performance and ability to service debt payments throughout and following the 2008-2009 recession. The Company has an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis continues to be zero. At September 30, 2025, no credit loss allowance was assigned to corporate securities held to maturity based on evaluation of each individual issuer’s historical financial performance throughout full business cycles. Municipal securities were evaluated for risk of default based on credit rating and remaining term to maturity using Moody’s risk of default factors; Moody’s loss upon default factors were applied to the assumed defaulted principal amounts to estimate the amount for credit loss allowance. Allowance for credit losses related to debt securities held to maturity was $1 thousand related to municipal securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, reflecting the expected credit losses on debt securities held to maturity.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans represents Management’s estimate of forecasted credit losses in the loan portfolio based on the current expected credit loss model. In evaluating credit risk for loans, Management measures the loss potential of the carrying value of loans. As described above, payments received on nonaccrual loans may be applied against the principal balance of the loans until such time as full collection of the remaining recorded balance is expected.

The preparation of the financial statements requires Management to estimate the amount of expected losses over the expected contractual life of the Bank’s existing loan portfolio and establish an allowance for credit losses. Loan agreements generally include a maturity date, and the Company considers the contractual life of a loan agreement to extend from the date of origination to the contractual maturity date. In estimating credit losses, Management must exercise significant judgment in evaluating information deemed relevant. The amount of ultimate losses on the loan portfolio can vary from the estimated amounts. Management follows a systematic methodology to estimate loss potential in an effort to reduce the differences between estimated and actual losses.

-47-

The allowance for credit losses is established through provisions for credit losses charged to income. Losses on loans are charged to the allowance for credit losses when all or a portion of the recorded amount of a loan is deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries of loans previously charged off are credited to the allowance when realized. The Company’s allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected losses based on historical loss rates adjusted for current and expected conditions over a forecast period. These include conditions unique to individual borrowers, as well as overall credit loss experience, the amount of past due, nonperforming and classified loans, recommendations of regulatory authorities, prevailing economic conditions, or credit protection agreements and other factors.

Loans that share common risk characteristics are segregated into pools based on common characteristics, which is primarily determined by loan, borrower, or collateral type. Historical loss rates are determined for each pool. For consumer installment loans, primarily secured by automobiles, historical loss rates are determined using a vintage methodology, which tracks losses based on period of origination. For commercial, construction, and commercial real estate, historical loss rates are determined using an open pool methodology where losses are tracked over time for all loans included in the pool at the historical measurement date. Historical loss rates are adjusted for factors that are not reflected in the historical loss rates that are attributable to national or local economic or industry trends which have occurred but have not yet been recognized in past loan charge-off history, estimated losses based on management’s reasonable and supportable expectation of economic trends over a forecast horizon of up to two years, and other factors that impact credit loss expectations that are not reflected in the historical loss rates. Other factors include, but are not limited to, the effectiveness of the Company’s loan review system, adequacy of lending Management and staff, loan policies and procedures, problem loan trends, and concentrations of credit. At the end of the two-year forecast period loss rates revert immediately to the historical loss rates. The results of this analysis are applied to the amortized cost of the loans included within each pool.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans in the pools are evaluated individually. A loan is considered ‘collateral-dependent’ when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. A credit loss reserve for collateral-dependent loans is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for costs to sell. For other individually evaluated loans that are not collateral dependent, a credit loss reserve is established at the difference between the amortized cost basis in the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. The impact of an expected modification to be made to loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is included in the allowance for credit losses when management determines such modification is likely.

Accrued interest is recorded in other assets and is excluded from the estimation of expected credit loss. Accrued interest is reversed through interest income when amounts are determined to be uncollectible, which generally occurs when the underlying receivable is placed on nonaccrual status or charged off.

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-48-

The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses, chargeoffs and recoveries for the periods indicated.

For the Three Months

For the Nine Months

Ended September 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

($ in thousands)

Analysis of the allowance for credit losses

Balance, beginning of period

$ 13,787 $ 15,952 $ 14,780 $ 16,867

(Reversal of) provision for credit losses

- - (550 ) 300

Loans charged off

Commercial

(1,559 ) (109 ) (1,597 ) (137 )

Commercial real estate

- - (191 ) -

Consumer installment and other

(912 ) (1,549 ) (3,361 ) (5,065 )

Total chargeoffs

(2,471 ) (1,658 ) (5,149 ) (5,202 )

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Commercial

36 41 310 64

Commercial real estate

13 14 40 191

Consumer installment and other

494 969 2,428 3,098

Total recoveries

543 1,024 2,778 3,353

Net loan losses

(1,928 ) (634 ) (2,371 ) (1,849 )

Balance, end of period

$ 11,859 $ 15,318 $ 11,859 $ 15,318

Net loan losses as a percentage of average total loans (annualized)

(1.03 )% (0.30 )% (0.41 )% (0.29 )%

The Company's allowance for credit losses on loans is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for expected losses based on historical loss rates adjusted for current and expected conditions over a forecast period. These include conditions unique to individual borrowers, as well as overall loan loss experience, the amount of past due, nonperforming and classified loans, recommendations of regulatory authorities, prevailing and forecasted economic conditions, or credit protection agreements and other factors. Loans that share common risk characteristics are segregated into pools based on common characteristics, which are primarily determined by loan, borrower, or collateral type. Historical loss rates are determined for each pool. Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans in the pools are evaluated individually. See Note 2 “Accounting Policies” to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The following summarizes activity in the allowance for credit losses:

Allowance for Credit Losses

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 5,549 $ 6,174 $ - $ 24 $ 2,040 $ 13,787

Provision (reversal)

123 (295 ) - (6 ) 178 -

Chargeoffs

(1,559 ) - - - (912 ) (2,471 )

Recoveries

36 13 - - 494 543

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,149 $ 5,892 $ - $ 18 $ 1,800 $ 11,859

Allowance for Credit Losses

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Consumer

Commercial

Residential

Installment

Commercial

Real Estate

Construction

Real Estate

and Other

Total

(In thousands)

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance at beginning of period

$ 4,197 $ 6,034 $ 247 $ 22 $ 4,280 $ 14,780

Provision (reversal)

1,239 9 (247 ) (4 ) (1,547 ) (550 )

Chargeoffs

(1,597 ) (191 ) - - (3,361 ) (5,149 )

Recoveries

310 40 - - 2,428 2,778

Total allowance for credit losses

$ 4,149 $ 5,892 $ - $ 18 $ 1,800 $ 11,859

Management considers the $11.9 million allowance for credit losses on loans to be adequate as a reserve against current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2025.

-49-

See Note 4 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the loan portfolio, loan portfolio credit risk, allowance for credit losses on loans, and other real estate owned.

Climate-Related Financial Risk

Climate change presents risk to the Company, our critical vendors and our customers. Our risk management practices incorporate the challenges brought about by climate change. The operations conducted in our centralized facilities and branch locations can be disrupted by acute physical risks such as flooding and windstorms, and by chronic physical risks such as rising sea levels, sustained higher temperatures, drought, and increased wildfires. Over the intermediate and longer-term, the Company can be subject to transition risks such as market demand, and policy and law changes.

None of the Company’s physical locations are located near sea level, and only a limited number of branches are located in flood zones. The Company and its critical vendors maintain property and casualty insurance, and maintain and regularly test disaster recovery plans, which include redundant operational locations and power sources. The Company’s operations do not use a significant amount of water in producing its products and services.

The Company monitors the climate risks of its loan customers. Borrowers with real estate loan collateral located in flood zones must carry flood insurance under the loans’ terms. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $16 million in loans to agricultural borrowers; Management continuously monitors these customers’ access to adequate water sources as well as their ability to sustain low crop yields and volatile commodity prices without encountering financial hardship. The Company makes automobile loans; changes in consumer demand, or governmental laws or policies, regarding gasoline, electric and hybrid vehicles are not considered to be material risks to the Company’s automobile lending practices. The Company considers climate risk in its underwriting of corporate bonds, and avoids purchasing bonds of issuers, which, in Management’s judgement, have elevated climate risk.

While the Company follows risk management practices related to climate risk, the Company may experience financial losses due to climate risk despite these precautions.

Asset/Liability and Market Risk Management

Asset/liability management involves the evaluation, monitoring and management of interest rate risk, market risk, liquidity and funding. The fundamental objective of the Company's management of assets and liabilities is to maximize its economic value while maintaining adequate liquidity and a conservative level of interest rate risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is a significant market risk affecting the Company. Many factors affect the Company’s exposure to interest rates, such as general economic and financial conditions, customer preferences, historical pricing relationships, and re-pricing characteristics of financial instruments. Financial instruments may mature or re-price at different times. Financial instruments may re-price at the same time but by different amounts. Short-term and long-term market interest rates may change by different amounts. The timing and amount of cash flows of various financial instruments may change as interest rates change. In addition, the changing levels of interest rates may have an impact on bond portfolio volumes, accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, loan demand and demand for various deposit products.

The Company’s earnings are affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies, particularly the FOMC. The monetary policies of the FOMC can influence the overall demand for loans and growth of deposits and the level of interest rates earned on loans and investment securities and paid for deposits and other borrowings. The nature and impact of future changes in monetary policies are generally not predictable.

Management attempts to manage interest rate risk while enhancing the net interest margin and net interest income. At times, depending on expected increases or decreases in market interest rates, the relationship between long and short-term interest rates, market conditions and competitive factors, Management may adjust the Company's interest rate risk position. The Company's results of operations and net portfolio values remain subject to changes in interest rates and to fluctuations in the difference between long, intermediate, and short-term interest rates.

Management monitors the Company’s interest rate risk using a licensed third party simulation model, which is periodically assessed using supervisory guidance issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, SR 11-7 “Guidance on Model Risk Management.” Management measures its exposure to interest rate risk using a dynamic composition simulation and static simulation. Within the dynamic composition simulation, Management makes assumptions regarding the expected change in the volume of financial instruments given the assumed change in market interest rates. Within the static simulation, cash flows are assumed redeployed into like financial instruments at prevailing rates and yields. Both simulations are used to measure expected changes in net interest income assuming various levels of change in market interest rates.

-50-

The Company’s asset and liability position was generally “asset sensitive” at September 30, 2025, based on the interest rate assumptions applied to the simulation model. An “asset sensitive” position results in a larger change in interest income than in interest expense resulting from application of assumed interest rate changes. However, in the dynamic simulation, an assumed decline in interest rates is expected to result in improved deposit balances funding higher earning asset levels. Further, in the dynamic simulation, no change in interest rates is expected to result in a decline in net interest income as asset yields remain stable and deposit costs rise as the Bank negotiates deposit rates with customers in the current environment.

At September 30, 2025, Management’s most recent measurements of estimated changes in net interest income were:

Dynamic Simulation (1)

Static Simulation (2)

Change in Interest Rates

First Year Change in Net Interest Income

+ 2.0

%

+ 5.2

%

+ 13.5

%

+ 1.0

%

+ 2.7

%

+ 6.7

%
0.0 % - 3.4 % 0.0 %
- 1.0 % - 3.5 % - 7.4 %
- 2.0 % - 7.6 % - 14.7 %

(1)

Balance sheet composition changes; Assumed change in interest rates over 1 year

(2)

Balance sheet composition unchanged; Assumed immediate change in interest rates

Simulation estimates depend on, and will change with, the size and mix of the actual and projected composition of financial instruments at the time of each simulation. Assumptions made in the simulation may not materialize and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur. In addition, the simulation does not take into account any future actions Management may undertake to mitigate the impact of interest rate changes, loan prepayment estimates and spread relationships, which may change regularly.

The Company does not currently engage in trading activities or use derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk, even though such activities may be permitted with the approval of the Company's Board of Directors.

Market Risk - Equity Markets

Equity price risk can affect the Company. Preferred or common stock holdings, as permitted by banking regulations, can fluctuate in value. Changes in value of preferred or common stock holdings are recognized in the Company's income statement.

Fluctuations in the Company's common stock price can impact the Company's financial results in several ways. First, the Company has at times repurchased and retired its common stock; the market price paid to retire the Company's common stock affects the level of the Company's shareholders' equity, cash flows and shares outstanding. Second, the Company's common stock price impacts the number of dilutive equivalent shares used to compute diluted earnings per share. Third, fluctuations in the Company's common stock price can motivate holders of options to purchase Company common stock through the exercise of such options thereby increasing the number of shares outstanding and potentially adding volatility to the book tax provision. Finally, the amount of compensation expense and tax deductions associated with share based compensation fluctuates with changes in and the volatility of the Company's common stock price.

Market Risk - Other

Market values of loan collateral can directly impact the level of loan chargeoffs and the provision for credit losses. The financial condition and liquidity of debtors issuing bonds and debtors whose mortgages or other obligations are securitized can directly impact the credit quality of the Company’s investment securities portfolio requiring the Company to establish or increase reserves for expected credit losses. Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange risk, are not significant in the normal course of the Company's business activities.

-51-

Liquidity and Funding

The objective of liquidity management is to manage cash flow and liquidity reserves so that they are adequate to fund the Bank's operations and meet obligations and other commitments on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost. The Bank achieves this objective through the selection of asset and liability maturity mixes that it believes best meet its needs. The Bank's liquidity position is enhanced by its ability to raise additional funds as needed by borrowing from correspondent banks or in the wholesale markets, or by selling debt securities available for sale.

In recent years, the Bank's deposit base has provided the majority of the Bank's funding requirements. This low-cost source of funds, along with shareholders' equity, provided 97% of funding for average total assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 96% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Bank’s funding from customer deposits is in part reliant on the confidence clients have in the Bank. The Bank places a very high priority in maintaining this confidence through conservative credit risk and capital management practices and by maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity.

Total deposits were $4,793 million at September 30, 2025 and $5,012 million at December 31, 2024. Total time deposits were $71 million at September 30, 2025 and $82 million at December 31, 2024. The Company has no foreign time deposits. FDIC deposit insurance is $250,000 per depositor, for each account ownership category. At September 30, 2025, estimated federally uninsured total deposits and time deposits were $2,364 million and $4 million, respectively.

The following table shows the time remaining to maturity of the Company’s estimated amounts of uninsured time deposits with a balance greater than $250,000 per depositor per category:

At September 30, 2025

(In thousands)

Three months or less

$ 3,087

Over three through six months

632

Over six through twelve months

375

Over twelve months

70

Total

$ 4,164

Liquidity is further provided by assets such as balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank, and principal and interest payments from debt securities and loans. At September 30, 2025, the Company had $659,268 thousand in cash balances. During the twelve months ending September 30, 2026, the Company expects to receive $338,000 thousand in principal payments from its debt securities. If additional operational liquidity is required, the Company can pledge debt securities as collateral for borrowing purposes; at September 30, 2025, the Company’s debt securities which qualify as collateral for borrowing totaled $3,752,853 thousand. In the ordinary course of business, the Company pledges debt securities as collateral for certain depository customers; at September 30, 2025, the Company had pledged $713,200 thousand in debt securities for depository customers. In the ordinary course of business, the Company pledges debt securities as collateral for borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank; at September 30, 2025, the Company had pledged $647,776 thousand in debt securities at the Federal Reserve Bank. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company’s average borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank and other correspondent banks were $-0- thousand, respectively, and at September 30, 2025, the Company had no borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank or other correspondent banks. At September 30, 2025, the Company had access to borrowing from the Federal Reserve Bank up to $647,776 thousand based on collateral pledged at September 30, 2025. At September 30, 2025, the Company’s estimated unpledged collateral qualifying debt securities totaled $1,970,022 thousand. Debt securities eligible as collateral are shown at market value unless noted otherwise:

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At September 30, 2025

(in thousands)

Debt Securities Eligible as Collateral:

Corporate Securities

$ 2,531,359

Collateralized Loan Obligations rated AAA

190,368

Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions

91,351

Agency Mortgage Backed Securities

634,583

Securities of U.S. Government Sponsored Entities

305,192

Total Debt Securities Eligible as Collateral

$ 3,752,853

Debt Securities Pledged as Collateral:

Debt Securities Pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank

$ (647,776 )

Deposits by Public Entities

(713,200 )

Securities Sold under Repurchase Agreements

(415,475 )

Other

(6,380 )

Total Debt Securities Pledged as Collateral

$ (1,782,831 )

Estimated Debt Securities Available to Pledge

$ 1,970,022

Liquidity risk can result from the mismatching of asset and liability cash flows, or from disruptions in the financial markets. The Bank performs liquidity stress tests on a periodic basis to evaluate the sustainability of its liquidity. Under the stress testing, the Bank assumes outflows of funds increase beyond expected levels. Measurement of such heightened outflows considers the composition of the Bank’s deposit base, including any concentration of deposits, non-deposit funding such as short-term borrowings, and unfunded lending commitments. The composition of the Bank’s deposits is considered including the broad industry and geographic diversification in the Bank’s market area. The Bank evaluates its stock of highly liquid assets to meet the assumed higher levels of outflows. Highly liquid assets include cash and amounts due from other banks from daily transaction settlements, reduced by branch cash needs and any Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirements, and investment securities based on regulatory guidelines. Based on the results of the most recent liquidity stress test, Management is satisfied with the liquidity condition of the Bank. However, no assurance can be given the Bank will not experience a period of reduced liquidity.

Management continually monitors the Bank’s cash levels. Loan demand from credit worthy borrowers will be dictated by economic and competitive conditions. The Bank aggressively solicits non-interest bearing demand deposits and money market checking deposits, which are the least sensitive to changes in interest rates. The growth of these deposit balances is subject to heightened competition, the success of the Bank's sales efforts, delivery of superior customer service, new regulations and market conditions. The Bank does not aggressively solicit higher-costing time deposits. Changes in interest rates, most notably rising or elevated interest rates, or increased consumer spending, could impact deposit volumes. Depending on economic conditions, interest rate levels, liquidity management and a variety of other conditions, any deposit growth may be used to fund loans or purchase investment securities. However, due to possible volatility in economic conditions, competition and political uncertainty, loan demand and levels of customer deposits are not certain. Shareholder dividends are expected to continue subject to the Board's discretion and continuing evaluation of capital levels, earnings, asset quality and other factors.

Westamerica Bancorporation ("Parent Company") is a separate entity apart from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity. In addition to its operating expenses, the Parent Company is responsible for the payment of dividends declared for its shareholders, and interest and principal on any outstanding debt. The Parent Company had no debt at September 30, 2025. Substantially all of the Parent Company's revenues are obtained from subsidiary dividends and service fees.

The Bank’s dividends paid to the Parent Company and Parent Company cash balances provided adequate cash for the Parent Company to pay shareholder dividends of $35 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $47 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 and retire common stock in the amounts of $80 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $210 thousand in the year ended December 31, 2024. Payment of dividends to the Parent Company by the Bank is limited under California and Federal laws. The Company believes these regulatory dividend restrictions will not impact Parent Company's ability to meet its ongoing cash obligations. The Parent Company’s cash balance was $265 million at September 30, 2025 and $263 million at December 31, 2024.

Capital Resources

The Company has historically generated high levels of earnings, which provide a means of accumulating capital. The Company's net income as a percentage of average shareholders' equity (“return on equity” or “ROE”) was 11.4% (annualized) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 13.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company also raises capital as employees exercise stock options. The Company raised $376 thousand through the exercise of stock options in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 while $1.5 million was raised through the exercise of stock options in the year ended December 31, 2024.

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The Company paid cash dividends on its common stock totaling $35 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $47 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, which represent dividends per common share of $1.36 and $1.76, respectively. The Company's earnings have historically exceeded dividends paid to shareholders. The amount of earnings in excess of dividends provides the Company resources to finance growth and maintain appropriate levels of shareholders' equity. In the absence of profitable growth opportunities, the Company has at times repurchased and retired its common stock as another means to return capital to shareholders. The Company retired 1.6 million shares valued at $80 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 4 thousand shares valued at $210 thousand in the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company's primary capital resource is shareholders' equity, which was $932 million at September 30, 2025 compared with $890 million at December 31, 2024. The Company's ratio of equity to total assets was 15.75% at September 30, 2025 and 14.65% at December 31, 2024.

The Company performs capital stress tests on a periodic basis to evaluate the sustainability of its capital. Under the stress testing, the Company assumes various scenarios such as deteriorating economic and operating conditions, and unanticipated asset devaluations. The Company measures the impact of these scenarios on its earnings and capital. Based on the results of the most recent stress tests, Management is satisfied with the capital condition of the Bank and the Company. However, no assurance can be given the Bank or Company will not experience a period of reduced earnings or a reduction in capital from unanticipated events and circumstances.

Capital to Risk-Adjusted Assets

The capital ratios for the Company and the Bank under current regulatory capital standards are presented in the tables below, on the dates indicated. For Common Equity Tier I Capital, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital, the minimum percentage required for regulatory capital adequacy purposes include a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer.”

To Be

Well-capitalized

Required for

Under Prompt

At September 30, 2025

Capital Adequacy

Corrective Action

Company

Bank

Purposes

Regulations (Bank)

Common Equity Tier I Capital

23.00 % 15.43 % 7.00 % 6.50 %

Tier I Capital

23.00 % 15.43 % 8.50 % 8.00 %

Total Capital

23.30 % 15.89 % 10.50 % 10.00 %

Leverage Ratio

15.44 % 10.32 % 4.00 % 5.00 %

To Be

Well-capitalized

Required for

Under Prompt

At December 31, 2024

Capital Adequacy

Corrective Action

Company

Bank

Purposes

Regulations (Bank)

Common Equity Tier I Capital

22.46 % 15.33 % 7.00 % 6.50 %

Tier I Capital

22.46 % 15.33 % 8.50 % 8.00 %

Total Capital

22.82 % 15.84 % 10.50 % 10.00 %

Leverage Ratio

15.44 % 10.82 % 4.00 % 5.00 %

The Company and the Bank routinely project capital levels by analyzing forecasted earnings, credit quality, shareholder dividends, asset volumes, share repurchase activity, stock option exercise proceeds, and other factors. Based on current capital projections, the Bank expects to maintain regulatory capital levels in excess of the minimum required to be considered well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action framework. The Company expects to continue paying quarterly dividends to shareholders. No assurance can be given that changes in capital management plans will not occur.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company does not currently engage in trading activities or use derivative instruments to control interest rate risk, even though such activities may be permitted with the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors.

Credit risk and interest rate risk are the most significant market risks affecting the Company, and equity price risk can also affect the Company’s financial results. These risks are described in the preceding sections regarding “Loan Portfolio Credit Risk,” and “Asset/Liability and Market Risk Management.” Other types of market risk, such as foreign currency exchange risk and commodity price risk, are not significant in the normal course of the Company’s business activities.

Operational risk is the risk to current or projected financial condition and resilience arising from inadequate or failed internal processes or systems, people (including human errors or misconduct), or adverse external events, including the risk of loss resulting from breaches in data security. Operational risk can also include the risk of loss due to failures by third parties with which the Company does business.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of September 30, 2025.

Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and that such information is communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. The evaluation did not identify any change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Due to the nature of its business, the Company is subject to various threatened or filed legal cases. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any material pending legal proceeding, nor is their property the subject of any material pending legal proceeding, other than ordinary routine legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. Based on the advice of legal counsel, the Company does not expect such cases will have a material, adverse effect on its business, financial position or results of operations. Legal liabilities are accrued when obligations become probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes detailed disclosure about the risks faced by the Company’s business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) None

(b) None

(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

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The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Westamerica Bancorporation or any “affiliated purchaser”, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

2025

Period

(a) Total Number of
Shares Purchased

(b) Average Price Paid
per Share

(c) Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs

(d) Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs

(In thousands, except price paid)

July 1 through July 31

133 $ 49.31 133 738

August 1 through August 31

288 48.62 288 450

September 1 through September 30

67 49.73 67 383

Total

488 $ 48.96 488 383

The Company may repurchase shares of its common stock in the open market from time to time to optimize the Company’s use of equity capital and enhance shareholder value and with the intention of lessening the dilutive impact of issuing new shares under stock option plans, and other ongoing requirements.

The Company repurchased 488 thousand shares of its common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2025 pursuant to a program approved by the Board of Directors on February 27, 2025 authorizing the purchase of up to 2,000 thousand shares of common stock from time to time prior to March 31, 2026.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S‑K.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.

Description of Exhibit

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

Exhibit 32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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Exhibit 101.INS

XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

Exhibit 101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Exhibit 101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 104.

The Cover page of Westamerica Bancorporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

(Registrant)

/s/ Anela Jonas

Anela Jonas

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Chief Accounting Officer)

Date: November 7, 2025

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I - Financial InformationItem 1 Financial StatementsNote 1: Basis Of PresentationNote 2: Accounting PoliciesNote 3: Debt Securities Available For Sale and Held To MaturityNote 4: Loans, Allowance For Credit Losses and Other Real Estate OwnedNote 5: Concentration Of Credit RiskNote 6: Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible AssetsNote 7: Other Assets and Other LiabilitiesNote 8: Deposits and Borrowed FundsNote 9: Fair Value MeasurementsNote 10: Commitments and Contingent LiabilitiesNote 11: Earnings Per Common ShareNote 12: Operating SegmentsItem 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis Of Financial Condition and Results Of OperationsItem 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskItem 4. Controls and ProceduresPart II. Other InformationItem 1. Legal ProceedingsItem 1A. Risk FactorsItem 2. Unregistered Sales Of Equity Securities and Use Of ProceedsItem 3. Defaults Upon Senior SecuritiesItem 4. Mine Safety DisclosuresItem 5. Other InformationItem 6. Exhibits

Exhibits

Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Exhibit 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Exhibit 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002